1979 NI 19.

Pt. II applied (with modifications) (18.9.2006) by Anti-social Behaviour (Northern Ireland) Order 2004 (S.I. 2004/1988 (N.I. 12)), art. 6C(2)(3)(4) (as inserted by Criminal Justice (Northern Ireland) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/1965 (N.I. 15)), arts. 1(2)(a), 6); S.R. 2006/368, art. 2(a)

Art. 17 in operation at 10.5.2013 for specified purposes by S.R. 2013/126, art. 2; art. 17 in operation for specified purposes at 11.11.2013 by S.R. 2013/251, art. 2(a)

Art. 17 in operation at 1.4.2015 for specified purposes by S.R. 2015/157, art. 2

Pt. II applied (with modifications) (26.5.2016) by Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (c. 2), s. 34(1)(2)63(2); S.I. 2016/553, reg. 2

Art. 17 in operation at 3.4.2017 for specified purposes by S.R. 2017/5, art. 2(b)

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17The Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1999texttext/xmlenStatute Law Database2024-05-15Expert Participation2023-09-28 PART IISPECIAL MEASURES DIRECTIONS IN CASE OF VULNERABLE AND INTIMIDATED WITNESSESSpecial measures
17Examination of witness through intermediary1

A special measures direction may provide for any examination of the witness (however and wherever conducted) to be conducted through an interpreter or other person approved by the court for the purposes of this Article ( “an intermediary”).

2

The function of an intermediary is to communicate—

a

to the witness, questions put to the witness, and

b

to any person asking such questions, the answers given by the witness in reply to them,

and to explain such questions or answers so far as necessary to enable them to be understood by the witness or person in question.

3

Any examination of the witness in pursuance of paragraph (1) must take place in the presence of such persons as rules of court or the direction may provide, but in circumstances in which—

a

the judge and legal representatives acting in the proceedings are able to see and hear the examination of the witness and to communicate with the intermediary, and

b

(except in the case of a video recorded examination) the jury (if there is one) are able to see and hear the examination of the witness.

4

Where two or more legal representatives are acting for a party to the proceedings, paragraph (3)(a) is to be regarded as satisfied in relation to those representatives if at all material times it is satisfied in relation to at least one of them.

5

A person may not act as an intermediary in a particular case except after making a declaration, in such form as may be prescribed by rules of court, that he will faithfully perform his function as intermediary.

6

Paragraph (1) does not apply to an interview of the witness which is recorded by means of a video recording with a view to its admission as evidence in chief of the witness; but a special measures direction may provide for such a recording to be admitted under Article 15 if the interview was conducted through an intermediary and—

a

that person complied with paragraph (5) before the interview began, and

b

the court's approval for the purposes of this Article is given before the direction is given.

7

Article 3 of the Perjury (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 (perjury) shall apply in relation to a person acting as an intermediary as it applies in relation to a person lawfully sworn as an interpreter in a judicial proceeding; and for this purpose, where a person acts as an intermediary in any proceeding which is not a judicial proceeding for the purposes of that Article, that proceeding shall be taken to be part of the judicial proceeding in which the witness's evidence is given.

This XML file does not appear to have any style information associated with it. The document tree is shown below.
<akomaNtoso xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0 http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/akn-core/v1.0/cos01/part2-specs/schemas/akomantoso30.xsd">
<portion includedIn="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1999/2789">
<meta>
<identification source="#source">
<FRBRWork>
<FRBRthis value="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1999/2789"/>
<FRBRuri value="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1999/2789"/>
<FRBRalias value="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1999/2789" name="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument"/>
<FRBRdate date="1999-10-12" name="made"/>
<FRBRauthor href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/government/uk"/>
<FRBRcountry value="GB-NIR"/>
<FRBRsubtype value="order"/>
<FRBRnumber value="2789"/>
<FRBRname value="S.I. 1999/2789 (N.I. 8)"/>
<FRBRprescriptive value="true"/>
</FRBRWork>
<FRBRExpression>
<FRBRthis value="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17"/>
<FRBRuri value="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789"/>
<FRBRalias value="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1999/2789/article/17" name="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument"/>
<FRBRdate date="2023-09-28" name="validFrom"/>
<FRBRauthor href="#source"/>
<FRBRlanguage language="eng"/>
</FRBRExpression>
<FRBRManifestation>
<FRBRthis value="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17/data.akn"/>
<FRBRuri value="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/data.akn"/>
<FRBRalias value="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1999/2789/article/17/data.akn" name="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument"/>
<FRBRdate date="2024-11-02Z" name="transform"/>
<FRBRauthor href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk"/>
<FRBRformat value="application/akn+xml"/>
</FRBRManifestation>
</identification>
<classification source="#source">
<keyword value="" showAs="" dictionary="http://www.legislation.gov.uk"/>
</classification>
<lifecycle source="#source">
<eventRef date="1999-10-12" type="generation" eId="made-date" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2006-01-01" type="amendment" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2013-05-10" type="amendment" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2013-11-11" type="amendment" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2015-04-01" type="amendment" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2017-04-03" type="amendment" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2017-04-03" eId="effective-date-1" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2022-10-17" eId="effective-date-2" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2023-09-28" eId="effective-date-3" source="#source"/>
</lifecycle>
<analysis source="#source">
<restrictions source="#source">
<restriction refersTo="#ni" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#body" refersTo="#ni" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#article-17" refersTo="#ni" type="jurisdiction"/>
</restrictions>
</analysis>
<temporalData source="#source">
<temporalGroup eId="period1">
<timeInterval start="#effective-date-1" refersTo="#period-concept1"/>
</temporalGroup>
<temporalGroup eId="period2">
<timeInterval start="#effective-date-2" refersTo="#period-concept2"/>
</temporalGroup>
<temporalGroup eId="period3">
<timeInterval start="#effective-date-3" refersTo="#period-concept3"/>
</temporalGroup>
</temporalData>
<references source="#source">
<TLCOrganization eId="source" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/publisher/StatuteLawDatabase" showAs="Statute Law Database"/>
<passiveRef href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9" showAs="Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015"/>
<passiveRef href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2022/4" showAs="Criminal Justice (Committal Reform) Act (Northern Ireland) 2022"/>
<TLCLocation eId="ni" href="/ontology/jurisdictions/uk.NorthernIreland" showAs="Northern Ireland"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept1" href="/ontology/time/2017.04.03" showAs="since 2017-04-03"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept2" href="/ontology/time/2022.10.17" showAs="since 2022-10-17"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept3" href="/ontology/time/2023.09.28" showAs="since 2023-09-28"/>
</references>
<notes source="#source">
<note class="margin-note" eId="m00004">
<p>
1979
<abbr class="Acronym" title="Northern Ireland">NI</abbr>
19.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c20129761">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1999/2789/part/II">Pt. II</ref>
applied (with modifications) (18.9.2006) by Anti-social
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/2004/1988">Behaviour (Northern Ireland) Order 2004 (S.I. 2004/1988 (N.I. 12))</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/2004/1988/article/6C/2/3/4">art. 6C(2)(3)(4)</ref>
(as inserted by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/2005/1965">Criminal Justice (Northern Ireland) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/1965 (N.I. 15))</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/2005/1965/article/1/2/a">arts. 1(2)(a)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/2005/1965/article/6">6</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2006/368">S.R. 2006/368</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2006/368/article/2/a">art. 2(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="key-a1a2d1d799ca00b46bf69bbcfaa047a6">
<p>
Art. 17 in operation at 10.5.2013 for specified purposes by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2013/126">S.R. 2013/126</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2013/126/article/2">art. 2</ref>
; art. 17 in operation for specified purposes at 11.11.2013 by S.R. 2013/251, art. 2(a)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="key-29a9ba2b458f623931defab62d14f4b6">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1999/2789/article/17">Art. 17</ref>
in operation at 1.4.2015 for specified purposes by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2015/157">S.R. 2015/157</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2015/157/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-d2feb8e3ca81c2d30ee2275943789fab">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1999/2789/part/II">Pt. II</ref>
applied (with modifications) (26.5.2016) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2016/2">Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (c. 2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2016/2/section/34/1">s. 34(1)</ref>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2016/2/section/34/2">(2)</ref>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2016/2/section/63/2">63(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2016/553">S.I. 2016/553</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2016/553/regulation/2">reg. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="key-e51284d62a271d43a74f9563ff4bd3c6">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1999/2789/article/17">Art. 17</ref>
in operation at 3.4.2017 for specified purposes by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2017/5">S.R. 2017/5</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/2017/5/article/2/b">art. 2(b)</ref>
</p>
</note>
</notes>
<proprietary xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:ukm="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/metadata" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" source="#source">
<ukl:RestrictStartDate value="2023-09-28"/>
<dc:identifier>http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17</dc:identifier>
<dc:title>The Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1999</dc:title>
<dc:type>text</dc:type>
<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
<dc:language>en</dc:language>
<dc:publisher>Statute Law Database</dc:publisher>
<dc:subject scheme="SIheading"/>
<dc:modified>2024-05-15</dc:modified>
<dc:contributor>Expert Participation</dc:contributor>
<dct:valid>2023-09-28</dct:valid>
<atom:link rel="self" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17/data.xml" type="application/xml"/>
<atom:link rel="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/def/navigation/resources" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/resources" title="More Resources"/>
<atom:link rel="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/def/navigation/act" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789" title="whole act"/>
<atom:link rel="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/def/navigation/introduction" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/introduction" title="introduction"/>
<atom:link rel="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/def/navigation/body" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/body" title="body"/>
<atom:link rel="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/def/navigation/schedules" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/schedules" title="schedules"/>
<atom:link rel="alternate" type="application/rdf+xml" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17/data.rdf" title="RDF/XML"/>
<atom:link rel="alternate" type="application/akn+xml" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17/data.akn" title="AKN"/>
<atom:link rel="alternate" type="application/xhtml+xml" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17/data.xht" title="HTML snippet"/>
<atom:link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17/data.htm" title="Website (XHTML) Default View"/>
<atom:link rel="alternate" type="text/csv" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17/data.csv" title="CSV"/>
<atom:link rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17/data.pdf" title="PDF"/>
<atom:link rel="alternate" type="application/akn+xhtml" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17/data.html" title="HTML5 snippet"/>
<atom:link rel="http://purl.org/dc/terms/tableOfContents" hreflang="en" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/contents" title="Table of Contents"/>
<atom:link rel="http://purl.org/dc/terms/replaces" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17/2015-04-01" title="2015-04-01"/>
<atom:link rel="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasVersion" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17/made" title="made"/>
<atom:link rel="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasVersion" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17/2006-01-01" title="2006-01-01"/>
<atom:link rel="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasVersion" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17/2013-05-10" title="2013-05-10"/>
<atom:link rel="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasVersion" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17/2013-11-11" title="2013-11-11"/>
<atom:link rel="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasVersion" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17/2015-04-01" title="2015-04-01"/>
<atom:link rel="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasVersion" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/17/2017-04-03" title="2017-04-03"/>
<atom:link rel="up" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789" title="Entire legislation"/>
<atom:link rel="prev" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/16" title="Provision; Article 16"/>
<atom:link rel="prevInForce" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/16" title="Provision; Article 16"/>
<atom:link rel="next" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/18" title="Provision; Article 18"/>
<atom:link rel="nextInForce" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/article/18" title="Provision; Article 18"/>
<ukm:SecondaryMetadata>
<ukm:DocumentClassification>
<ukm:DocumentCategory Value="secondary"/>
<ukm:DocumentMainType Value="NorthernIrelandOrderInCouncil"/>
<ukm:DocumentStatus Value="revised"/>
<ukm:DocumentMinorType Value="order"/>
</ukm:DocumentClassification>
<ukm:Year Value="1999"/>
<ukm:Number Value="2789"/>
<ukm:AlternativeNumber Category="NI" Value="8"/>
<ukm:Made Date="1999-10-12"/>
<ukm:UnappliedEffects>
<ukm:UnappliedEffect Type="words substituted in earlier affecting provision 2015 c. 9 (N.I.), Sch. 2 para. 11" Modified="2023-12-06T07:35:24Z" AffectingNumber="4" AffectingYear="2022" AffectedProvisions="art. 29(3)(aa)" AffectedYear="1999" RequiresApplied="true" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/effect/key-72ec617d478c02ee6b02bc79b7722636" AffectedURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1999/2789" AffectingProvisions="s. 4(9)(h)" EffectId="key-72ec617d478c02ee6b02bc79b7722636" AffectingEffectsExtent="N.I." AffectingURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2022/4" AffectedNumber="2789" AffectedClass="NorthernIrelandOrderInCouncil" Row="151" AffectingClass="NorthernIrelandAct">
<ukm:AffectedTitle>The Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1999</ukm:AffectedTitle>
<ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="article-29-3-aa" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1999/2789/article/29/3/aa" FoundRef="article-29">art. 29(3)(aa)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:AffectingTitle>Criminal Justice (Committal Reform) Act (Northern Ireland) 2022</ukm:AffectingTitle>
<ukm:AffectingTitle>Criminal Justice (Committal Reform) Act (Northern Ireland) 2022</ukm:AffectingTitle>
<ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-4-9-h" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2022/4/section/4/9/h">s. 4(9)(h)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-5-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2022/4/section/5/2">s. 5(2)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:InForceDates>
<ukm:InForce Applied="false" Prospective="true" Qualification=""/>
</ukm:InForceDates>
</ukm:UnappliedEffect>
<ukm:UnappliedEffect AffectingClass="NorthernIrelandAct" Modified="2023-12-06T07:35:24Z" Type="inserted" AffectedProvisions="art. 29(3)(aa)" AffectingNumber="9" RequiresApplied="true" EffectId="key-9650cbe22b0575fb694e65c1e2bf9950" AffectedNumber="2789" Row="150" AffectedClass="NorthernIrelandOrderInCouncil" AffectingURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9" AffectedURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1999/2789" AffectingProvisions="Sch. 2 para. 11" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/effect/key-9650cbe22b0575fb694e65c1e2bf9950" AffectingEffectsExtent="N.I." AffectedYear="1999" AffectingYear="2015">
<ukm:AffectedTitle>The Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1999</ukm:AffectedTitle>
<ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="article-29-3-aa" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1999/2789/article/29/3/aa" FoundRef="article-29">art. 29(3)(aa)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectedProvisions>
<ukm:AffectingTitle>Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015</ukm:AffectingTitle>
<ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/schedule/2">Sch. 2 </ukm:Section>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-2-paragraph-11" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/schedule/2/paragraph/11">para. 11</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:Savings>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-9-3" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/9/3">s. 9(3)</ukm:Section>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-8" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/schedule/8">Sch. 8 </ukm:Section>
<ukm:Section Ref="schedule-8-paragraph-4" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/schedule/8/paragraph/4">para. 4</ukm:Section>
</ukm:Savings>
<ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-106-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2015/9/section/106/2">s. 106(2)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:InForceDates>
<ukm:InForce Applied="false" Prospective="true" Qualification=""/>
</ukm:InForceDates>
</ukm:UnappliedEffect>
</ukm:UnappliedEffects>
</ukm:SecondaryMetadata>
<ukm:Alternatives>
<ukm:Alternative URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1999/2789/pdfs/uksi_19992789_en.pdf" Date="2017-07-21" Size="3426845"/>
</ukm:Alternatives>
<ukm:Statistics>
<ukm:TotalParagraphs Value="63"/>
<ukm:BodyParagraphs Value="55"/>
<ukm:ScheduleParagraphs Value="8"/>
<ukm:AttachmentParagraphs Value="0"/>
<ukm:TotalImages Value="0"/>
</ukm:Statistics>
</proprietary>
</meta>
<portionBody eId="body" period="#period3">
<part eId="part-II" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c20129761" marker="C1" class="commentary C"/>
<noteRef href="#key-d2feb8e3ca81c2d30ee2275943789fab" marker="C2" class="commentary C"/>
PART II
</num>
<heading>SPECIAL MEASURES DIRECTIONS IN CASE OF VULNERABLE AND INTIMIDATED WITNESSES</heading>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="part-II-crossheading-special-measures" period="#period2">
<heading>
<em>Special measures</em>
</heading>
<article eId="article-17" period="#period1">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-a1a2d1d799ca00b46bf69bbcfaa047a6" marker="I1" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-29a9ba2b458f623931defab62d14f4b6" marker="I2" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-e51284d62a271d43a74f9563ff4bd3c6" marker="I3" class="commentary I"/>
17
</num>
<heading>Examination of witness through intermediary</heading>
<paragraph eId="article-17-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>A special measures direction may provide for any examination of the witness (however and wherever conducted) to be conducted through an interpreter or other person approved by the court for the purposes of this Article ( “an intermediary”).</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="article-17-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>The function of an intermediary is to communicate—</p>
</intro>
<subparagraph eId="article-17-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>to the witness, questions put to the witness, and</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="article-17-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>to any person asking such questions, the answers given by the witness in reply to them,</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>and to explain such questions or answers so far as necessary to enable them to be understood by the witness or person in question.</p>
</wrapUp>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="article-17-3">
<num>3</num>
<intro>
<p>Any examination of the witness in pursuance of paragraph (1) must take place in the presence of such persons as rules of court or the direction may provide, but in circumstances in which—</p>
</intro>
<subparagraph eId="article-17-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>the judge and legal representatives acting in the proceedings are able to see and hear the examination of the witness and to communicate with the intermediary, and</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="article-17-3-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>(except in the case of a video recorded examination) the jury (if there is one) are able to see and hear the examination of the witness.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="article-17-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>Where two or more legal representatives are acting for a party to the proceedings, paragraph (3)(a) is to be regarded as satisfied in relation to those representatives if at all material times it is satisfied in relation to at least one of them.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="article-17-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>A person may not act as an intermediary in a particular case except after making a declaration, in such form as may be prescribed by rules of court, that he will faithfully perform his function as intermediary.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="article-17-6">
<num>6</num>
<intro>
<p>Paragraph (1) does not apply to an interview of the witness which is recorded by means of a video recording with a view to its admission as evidence in chief of the witness; but a special measures direction may provide for such a recording to be admitted under Article 15 if the interview was conducted through an intermediary and—</p>
</intro>
<subparagraph eId="article-17-6-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>that person complied with paragraph (5) before the interview began, and</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="article-17-6-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>the court's approval for the purposes of this Article is given before the direction is given.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="article-17-7">
<num>7</num>
<content>
<p>
Article 3 of the
<noteRef href="#m00004" placement="inline" class="margin-note"/>
Perjury (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 (perjury) shall apply in relation to a person acting as an intermediary as it applies in relation to a person lawfully sworn as an interpreter in a judicial proceeding; and for this purpose, where a person acts as an intermediary in any proceeding which is not a judicial proceeding for the purposes of that Article, that proceeding shall be taken to be part of the judicial proceeding in which the witness's evidence is given.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</article>
</hcontainer>
</part>
</portionBody>
</portion>
</akomaNtoso>