(1)A local authority may—
(a)undertake, or contribute towards the cost of, investigation and research relevant to the problem of air pollution; and
(b)arrange for the publication of information on that problem.
(2)Without prejudice to the generality of the preceding subsection, local authorities may obtain information about the emission of pollutants and other substances into the air—
(a)by issuing notices under the following section; and
(b)by measuring and recording the emissions, and for that purpose entering on any premises, whether by agreement or in exercise of the power conferred by section 91 of this Act; and
(c)by entering into arrangements with occupiers of premises under which they measure and record emissions on behalf of the local authority;
but references to premises in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this subsection do not include private dwellings.
(3)A local authority shall not be entitled to exercise the power mentioned in paragraph (b) of the preceding subsection for the purpose of measuring and recording such emissions on any premises unless—
(a)the authority has given to the occupier of the premises a notice—
(i)specifying the kind of emissions in question and the steps it proposes to take on the premises for the purpose of measuring and recording emissions of that kind, and
(ii)stating that it proposes to exercise that power for that purpose unless the occupier makes a request to the authority in pursuance of the following provisions of this subsection ; and
(b)the period of twenty-one days beginning with the day on which the notice was given has expired,
and shall not be entitled to exercise that power in consequence of the notice if during that period the occupier gives a notice to the authority requesting it to serve on him a notice under the following section with respect to the emissions.
(4)Nothing in this section shall authorise a local authority to investigate emissions from any work subject to the Alkali Act otherwise than by issuing notices under the following section, or by exercising the powers conferred on the authority by subsection (1)(a) of this section without entering the work.
(5)In acting under subsection (1)(b) of this section, a local authority shall ensure that the material published is presented in such a way that no information relating to a trade secret is disclosed, except with the consent in writing of a person authorised to disclose it or with the consent of the Secretary of State.
(6)Breach of a duty imposed by the preceding subsection shall be actionable; but in any proceedings, whether civil or criminal, brought against a local authority, or any member or officer of a local authority, on the grounds that any information has been published, it shall be a defence to show that it was published in compliance with the preceding provisions of this section.
(7)The preceding subsection applies in particular to any proceedings brought under section 26 of the [1956 c. 52.] Clean Air Act 1956 (which, as amended by subsection (10) of this section, makes it an offence to disclose information relating to any trade secret).
(8)So long as a local authority exercises any of its powers under subsection (2) of this section, it shall from time to time consult such persons carrying on any trade or business in the authority's area, or such organisations appearing to the authority to be representative of those persons, and such persons appearing to the authority to be conversant with problems of air pollution or to have an interest in local amenity as appear to the authority to be appropriate—
(a)about the way in which the local authority exercises its powers under this and the following section; and
(b)about the extent to which, and the manner in which. any information collected under those powers should be made available to the public.
(9)The consultations shall take place from time to time as the authority think necessary, but not less than twice in each financial year.
(10)Paragraphs (a) and (b) of section 25 of the [1956 c. 52.] Clean Air Act 1956 (which are superseded by the provisions of this section) shall cease to have effect, and in paragraph (c) of that section for the words " that problem " there shall be substituted the words " the problem of the pollution of the air " ; and in section 26 of that Act (which relates to the unjustified disclosure of information relating to any manufacturing process or trade secret) the words " manufacturing process or" shall cease to have effect.
(1)A local authority may by notice require the occupier of any premises in its area to furnish, whether by periodical returns or by other means, such estimates or other information as may be specified or described in the notice concerning the emission of pollutants and other substances into the air from the premises.
(2)This section shall not apply to premises in so far as they consist of a private dwelling.
(3)If the notice relates to a work subject to the Alkali Act, the person on whom the notice is served shall not be obliged to supply any information which, as certified by an inspector appointed under that Act, is not of a kind which is being supplied to the inspector for the purposes of that Act.
(4)The person on whom a notice is served under this section shall comply with the notice within six weeks of the date of service, or within such longer period as the local authority may by notice allow.
(5)A notice under this section shall not require returns at intervals of less than three months, and no one notice (whether or not requiring periodical returns) shall call for information covering a period of more than twelve months.
(6)Except so far as regulations provide otherwise, this section shall apply to premises used for, and to persons in, the public service of the Crown as it applies to other premises and persons; but a local authority shall not be entitled by virtue of this subsection to exercise, in relation to premises used for and persons in that service, any power conferred on the authority by virtue of sections 91 to 93 of this Act.
(7)A person who—
(a)fails without reasonable excuse to comply with the requirements of a notice served on him in pursuance of this section ; or
(b)in furnishing any estimate or other information in compliance with a notice under this section, makes any statement which he knows to be false in a material particular or recklessly makes any statement which is false in a material particular,
shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £400.
(8)Where a person is convicted of an offence under the preceding subsection in respect of any premises and information of any kind, nothing in subsection (3) of the preceding section shall prevent a local authority from exercising the power of entry there mentioned for the purpose of obtaining information of that kind in respect of the premises.
(1)A person served with a notice under the preceding section, or any other person having an interest in the premises to which the notice relates, may appeal to the Secretary of State—
(a)on the ground that the giving to the authority or the disclosure to the public of all or part of the information required by the notice would—
(i)prejudice to an unreasonable degree some private interest by disclosing information about a trade secret, or
(ii)be contrary to the public interest, or
(b)on the ground that the information required by the notice is not immediately available and cannot readily be collected or obtained by the recipient of the notice without incurring undue expenditure for the purpose.
(2)If the Secretary of State allows the appeal he may direct the local authority to withdraw or modify the notice, or to take such steps as may be specified by the Secretary of State to ensure that prejudicial information is not disclosed to the public ; and it shall be the duty of the authority to comply with the direction.
(3)The Secretary of State may make regulations as to appeals under this section, including regulations about the time for bringing an appeal and the circumstances in which all or any part of the appellant's case is to be withheld from the respondent; but it shall be the duty of the Secretary of State, before he makes any regulations under this subsection, to consult such persons appearing to him to represent local authorities, such persons appearing to him to represent industrial interests and such persons appearing to him to be conversant with problems of air pollution as he considers appropriate.
(1)The Secretary of State shall by regulations prescribe the manner in which, and the methods by which, local authorities are to perform their functions under sections 79 and 80 of this Act.
(2)It shall be the duty of the Secretary of State, before he makes regulations under this section, to consult such persons appearing to him to represent local authorities, such persons appearing to him to represent industrial interests and such persons appearing to him to be conversant with problems of air pollution as he considers appropriate.
(3)Regulations under this section may in particular—
(a)prescribe the kinds of emissions to which notices under section 80 of this Act may relate;
(b)prescribe the kinds of information which may be required by those notices ;
(c)prescribe the manner in which any such notice is to be given, and the evidence which is to be sufficient evidence of its having been given, and of its contents and authenticity;
(d)require each local authority to maintain in a prescribed form a register containing—
(i)information obtained by the authority by virtue of section 79(2) of this Act, other than information as to which a direction in pursuance of subsection (2) of the preceding section provides that the information is not to be disclosed to the public; and
(ii)such information (if any) as the Secretary of State may determine, or as may be determined by or under regulations, with respect to any appeal in pursuance of the preceding section which was against a notice served by the authority and which the Secretary of State did not dismiss;
(e)specify the circumstances in which local authorities may enter into arrangements with owners or occupiers of premises under which they will record and measure emissions oh behalf of the local authorities;
(f)specify the kinds of apparatus which local authorities are to have power to provide and use for measuring and recording emissions, and for other purposes.
(4)Regulations under subsection (3)(b) of this section may in particular require returns of—
(a)the total volume of gases, whether pollutant or not, discharged from the premises in question over any period;
(b)the concentration of pollutant in the gases discharged;
(c)the total of the pollutant discharged over any period ;
(d)the height or heights at which discharges take place ;
(e)the hours during which discharges take place;
(f)the concentration of pollutants at ground level.
(5)A register maintained by a local authority in pursuance of regulations made by virtue of subsection (3)(d) of this section shall be open to public inspection at the principal office of the authority free of charge at all reasonable hours, and the authority shall afford members of the public reasonable facilities for obtaining from the authority, on payment of reasonable charges, copies of entries in the register.
(1)The Secretary of State may, for the purpose of obtaining information about air pollution, direct a local authority to make such arrangements as may be specified in the direction—
(a)for the provision, installation, operation and maintenance by the local authority of apparatus for measuring and recording air pollution ; and
(b)for transmitting the information so obtained to the Secretary of State.
(2)Where apparatus is provided in pursuance of a direction under the preceding subsection, the Secretary of State shall defray the whole of the capital expenditure incurred by a local authority in providing and installing the apparatus.
(3)Before giving a direction under subsection (1) of this section the Secretary of State shall consult the local authority, and it shall be the duty of the local authority to comply with any direction given under that subsection.