http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/60/section/77/2001-02-19Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984An Act to make further provision in relation to the powers and duties of the police, persons in police detention, criminal evidence, police discipline and complaints against the police; to provide for arrangements for obtaining the views of the community on policing and for a rank of deputy chief constable; to amend the law relating to the Police Federations and Police Forces and Police Cadets in Scotland; and for connected purposes.1984-10-31texttext/xmlenStatute Law Database2024-05-172001-02-19 Part VIII<CommentaryRef Ref="c11329881"/> Evidence in Criminal Proceedings—General Confessions Confessions by mentally handicapped persons.771Without prejudice to the general duty of the court at a trial on indictment to direct the jury on any matter on which it appears to the court appropriate to do so, where at such a trial—athe case against the accused depends wholly or substantially on a confession by him; andbthe court is satisfied—ithat he is mentally handicapped; andiithat the confession was not made in the presence of an independent person,the court shall warn the jury that there is special need for caution before convicting the accused in reliance on the confession, and shall explain that the need arises because of the circumstances mentioned in paragraphs (a) and (b) above.2In any case where at the summary trial of a person for an offence it appears to the court that a warning under subsection (1) above would be required if the trial were on indictment, the court shall treat the case as one in which there is a special need for caution before convicting the accused on his confession.3In this section—independent person” does not include a police officer or a person employed for, or engaged on, police purposes;mentally handicapped”, in relation to a person, means that he is in a state of arrested or incomplete development of mind which includes significant impairment of intelligence and social functioning; andpolice purposes” has the meaning assigned to it by section 101(2) of the Police Act 1996.S. 77 extends to England and Wales only with exceptions as regards courts martial, see s. 120(1)(6)-(8)S. 77 excluded (2.10.2000) by S.I. 2000/2370, rule 27(2), Sch. 3 Pt. III para. 18(d)S. 77 excluded (2.10.2000) by S.I. 2000/2371, rule 27(2), Sch. 3 Pt. III para. 18(d)S. 77 excluded (2.10.2000) by S.I. 2000/2372, rule 27(2), Sch. 3 Pt. III para. 18(d)Words in the definition of "police purposes" in s. 77(3) substituted (22.8.1996) by 1996 c. 16, ss. 103(1), 104(2), Sch. 7 Pt. II para.381996 c. 16 Pt. VIII modified (2.10.2000) by S.I. 2000/2370, rule 27(2), Sch. 3 Pt. III para. 18(a)Pt. VIII modified (2.10.2000) by S.I. 2000/2371, rule 27(2), Sch. 3 Pt. III para. 18(a)Pt. VIII modified (2.10.2000) by S.I. 2000/2372, rule 27(2), Sch. 3 Pt. III para. 18(a)
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<dc:description>An Act to make further provision in relation to the powers and duties of the police, persons in police detention, criminal evidence, police discipline and complaints against the police; to provide for arrangements for obtaining the views of the community on policing and for a rank of deputy chief constable; to amend the law relating to the Police Federations and Police Forces and Police Cadets in Scotland; and for connected purposes.</dc:description>
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<ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-26-9" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2021/17/section/26/9">s. 26(9)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:AffectingProvisions>
<ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:Section Ref="section-90-6" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2021/17/section/90/6">s. 90(6)</ukm:Section>
</ukm:CommencementAuthority>
<ukm:InForceDates>
<ukm:InForce Applied="false" Prospective="true" Qualification=""/>
</ukm:InForceDates>
</ukm:UnappliedEffect>
</ukm:UnappliedEffects>
</ukm:PrimaryMetadata>
<ukm:Alternatives>
<ukm:Alternative URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/60/pdfs/ukpga_19840060_en.pdf" Date="2011-07-21" Size="20363865"/>
</ukm:Alternatives>
<ukm:Statistics>
<ukm:TotalParagraphs Value="347"/>
<ukm:BodyParagraphs Value="170"/>
<ukm:ScheduleParagraphs Value="177"/>
<ukm:AttachmentParagraphs Value="0"/>
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<Primary>
<Body DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/60/body/2001-02-19" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/body" NumberOfProvisions="170">
<Part DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/60/part/VIII/2001-02-19" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/part/VIII" NumberOfProvisions="12" RestrictEndDate="2012-06-18" id="part-VIII">
<Number>Part VIII</Number>
<Title>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c11329881"/>
Evidence in Criminal Proceedings—General
</Title>
<Pblock DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/60/part/VIII/crossheading/confessions/2001-02-19" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/part/VIII/crossheading/confessions" NumberOfProvisions="3" RestrictEndDate="2005-04-04" RestrictExtent="E+W+S+N.I." id="part-VIII-crossheading-confessions">
<Title> Confessions</Title>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-07-24" RestrictExtent="E+W+S+N.I." RestrictStartDate="1996-08-22">
<Title> Confessions by mentally handicapped persons.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/60/section/77/2001-02-19" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/section/77" id="section-77">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c11330061"/>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c11330071"/>
77
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/60/section/77/1/2001-02-19" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/section/77/1" id="section-77-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Without prejudice to the general duty of the court at a trial on indictment to direct the jury on any matter on which it appears to the court appropriate to do so, where at such a trial—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/60/section/77/1/a/2001-02-19" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/section/77/1/a" id="section-77-1-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the case against the accused depends wholly or substantially on a confession by him; and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/60/section/77/1/b/2001-02-19" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/section/77/1/b" id="section-77-1-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the court is satisfied—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/60/section/77/1/b/i/2001-02-19" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/section/77/1/b/i" id="section-77-1-b-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>that he is mentally handicapped; and</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/60/section/77/1/b/ii/2001-02-19" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/section/77/1/b/ii" id="section-77-1-b-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>that the confession was not made in the presence of an independent person,</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<Text>the court shall warn the jury that there is special need for caution before convicting the accused in reliance on the confession, and shall explain that the need arises because of the circumstances mentioned in paragraphs (a) and (b) above.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/60/section/77/2/2001-02-19" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/section/77/2" id="section-77-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In any case where at the summary trial of a person for an offence it appears to the court that a warning under subsection (1) above would be required if the trial were on indictment, the court shall treat the case as one in which there is a special need for caution before convicting the accused on his confession.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/60/section/77/3/2001-02-19" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/section/77/3" id="section-77-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In this section—</Text>
<UnorderedList Decoration="none" Class="Definition">
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term id="term-independent-person">independent person</Term>
” does not include a police officer or a person employed for, or engaged on, police purposes;
</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term id="term-mentally-handicapped">mentally handicapped</Term>
”, in relation to a person, means that he is in a state of arrested or incomplete development of mind which includes significant impairment of intelligence and social functioning; and
</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term id="term-police-purposes">police purposes</Term>
” has the meaning assigned to it by
<Addition ChangeId="d29p145396" CommentaryRef="c11330081">section 101(2) of the </Addition>
<Addition ChangeId="d29p145396" CommentaryRef="c11330081">
<CommentaryRef Ref="c11330091"/>
Police Act 1996
</Addition>
.
</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
</UnorderedList>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</Pblock>
</Part>
</Body>
</Primary>
<Commentaries>
<Commentary id="c11330061" Type="E">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef id="c05612" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/section/77" SectionRef="section-77">S. 77</CitationSubRef>
extends to England and Wales only with exceptions as regards courts martial, see
<CitationSubRef id="c05613" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/section/120/1/6" UpTo="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/section/120/1/8" Type="group" StartSectionRef="section-120-1-6" EndSectionRef="section-120-1-8">s. 120(1)(6)-(8)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c11330071" Type="C">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef id="c05614" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/section/77" SectionRef="section-77">S. 77</CitationSubRef>
excluded (2.10.2000) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2370" id="c05615" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2000" Number="2370">S.I. 2000/2370</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c05616" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2370/rule/27/2" CitationRef="c05615" SectionRef="rule-27-2">rule 27(2)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c05617" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2370/schedule/3/part/III/paragraph/18/d" Operative="true" CitationRef="c05615" SectionRef="schedule-3-part-III-paragraph-18-d">Sch. 3 Pt. III para. 18(d)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef id="c05618" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/section/77" SectionRef="section-77">S. 77</CitationSubRef>
excluded (2.10.2000) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2371" id="c05619" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2000" Number="2371">S.I. 2000/2371</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c05620" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2371/rule/27/2" CitationRef="c05619" SectionRef="rule-27-2">rule 27(2)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c05621" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2371/schedule/3/part/III/paragraph/18/d" Operative="true" CitationRef="c05619" SectionRef="schedule-3-part-III-paragraph-18-d">Sch. 3 Pt. III para. 18(d)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef id="c05622" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/section/77" SectionRef="section-77">S. 77</CitationSubRef>
excluded (2.10.2000) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2372" id="c05623" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2000" Number="2372">S.I. 2000/2372</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c05624" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2372/rule/27/2" CitationRef="c05623" SectionRef="rule-27-2">rule 27(2)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c05625" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2372/schedule/3/part/III/paragraph/18/d" Operative="true" CitationRef="c05623" SectionRef="schedule-3-part-III-paragraph-18-d">Sch. 3 Pt. III para. 18(d)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c11330081" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
Words in the definition of "police purposes" in s. 77(3) substituted (22.8.1996) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/16" id="c05656" Year="1996" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Number="16">1996 c. 16</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c05657" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/16/section/103/1" CitationRef="c05656" SectionRef="section-103-1">ss. 103(1)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c05658" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/16/section/104/2" CitationRef="c05656" SectionRef="section-104-2">104(2)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c05659" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/16/schedule/7/part/II/paragraph/38" Operative="true" CitationRef="c05656" SectionRef="schedule-7-part-II-paragraph-38">Sch. 7 Pt. II para.38</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c11330091" Type="M">
<Para>
<Text>
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/16" id="c05660" Year="1996" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Number="16">1996 c. 16</Citation>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c11329881" Type="C">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef id="c05916" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/part/VIII" SectionRef="part-VIII">Pt. VIII</CitationSubRef>
modified (2.10.2000) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2370" id="c05917" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2000" Number="2370">S.I. 2000/2370</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c05918" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2370/rule/27/2" CitationRef="c05917" SectionRef="rule-27-2">rule 27(2)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c05919" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2370/schedule/3/part/III/paragraph/18/a" Operative="true" CitationRef="c05917" SectionRef="schedule-3-part-III-paragraph-18-a">Sch. 3 Pt. III para. 18(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef id="c05920" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/part/VIII" SectionRef="part-VIII">Pt. VIII</CitationSubRef>
modified (2.10.2000) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2371" id="c05921" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2000" Number="2371">S.I. 2000/2371</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c05922" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2371/rule/27/2" CitationRef="c05921" SectionRef="rule-27-2">rule 27(2)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c05923" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2371/schedule/3/part/III/paragraph/18/a" Operative="true" CitationRef="c05921" SectionRef="schedule-3-part-III-paragraph-18-a">Sch. 3 Pt. III para. 18(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef id="c05924" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/60/part/VIII" SectionRef="part-VIII">Pt. VIII</CitationSubRef>
modified (2.10.2000) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2372" id="c05925" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2000" Number="2372">S.I. 2000/2372</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c05926" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2372/rule/27/2" CitationRef="c05925" SectionRef="rule-27-2">rule 27(2)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c05927" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2372/schedule/3/part/III/paragraph/18/a" Operative="true" CitationRef="c05925" SectionRef="schedule-3-part-III-paragraph-18-a">Sch. 3 Pt. III para. 18(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
</Commentaries>
</Legislation>