Act amended (1.1.1992) by S.I. 1991/2684, arts. 4, 5, Schedule1

By Criminal Justice Act 1991 (c. 53, SIF 39:1), s. 101(1), Sch. 12 para.23; S.I. 1991/2208, art. 2(1), Sch.1 it is provided (14.10.1991) that in relation to any time before the commencement of s. 70 of that 1991 Act (which came into force on 1.10.1992 by S.I. 1992/333, art. 2(2), Sch. 2) references in any enactment amended by that 1991 Act, to youth courts shall be construed as references to juvenile courts.

Act modified (E.W.) (prosp.) by 1996 c. 27, ss. 23(8), 67(3) (with Sch. 9 para. 5)

Act extended (22.5.2000) by S.I. 2000/1119, regs. 1, 14, Sch. 3 Pt. 1

Act applied (with modifications) (28.8.2000) by 2000 c. 25, s. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 8; S.I. 2000/2125, art. 2

Act applied (E.W.) (with modifications) (2.10.2000) by S.I. 2000/2227, reg. 4

Act: functions of the Lord Chancellor transferred to the Secretary of State (19.8.2003) by The Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs Order 2003 (S.I. 2003/1887), art. 4, Sch. 1

Act: functions of the Secretary of State transferred to the Lord Chancellor (12.1.2006) by The Transfer of Functions (Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/3429), art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4, 5)

Pt. IIIA (s. 13A) inserted (21.3.1997) by 1996 c. 27, s. 26(1); S.I. 1997/1077, art.2

Pt. V (ss. 19-26) applied (with modifications) (15.3.1996) by S.I. 1996/716, art. 24(1)(b)

Pt. V (ss. 19-26) modified (30.9.1998 in the petty sessions areas and petty sessional divisions noted in S.I. 1998/2327, Sch. 2 and otherwise 1.11.1999) by 1998 c. 37, s. 49(1)(j); S.I. 1998/2327, art. 3(2), Sch.2; S.I. 1999/2976, art. 2

S. 27 repealed (14.10.1991)
by Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20), ss. 99(4), 108(7), Sch.15; S.I. 1991/828, art. 3(2)

S. 28 repealed (14.10.1991) by Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20), ss. 99(4), 108(7), Sch.15; S.I. 1991/828, art. 3(2)

1985 c. 61.

1986 c. 47.

Power of appointment conferred by s. 47(2) partly exercised: S.I. 1988/1361, 1989/288

Power of appointment conferred by s. 47(3) partly exercised: S.I. 1988/1388

1974 c. 4.

Words in s. 2(4) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(3)(a); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 2(6) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 61(1); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

S. 2(7)(7A)(7B) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 61(2).; S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

S. 2(7) restricted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 59(1)(2); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

S. 3(4)(c) repealed (14.10.1991) by Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20), s. 108(2), Sch.15; S.I. 1991/828, art. 3(2)

S. 7(1) applied (with modifications) (27.9.1999) by 1999 c. 22, ss. 105, 108(3)(e), Sch. 14 Pt. II para. 6(3) (with Sch. 14 para. 7(2))

S. 7(2)-(7) applied (27.9.1999) by 1999 c. 22, ss. 105, 108(3)(e), Sch. 14 Pt. II para. 6(4) (with Sch. 14 para. 7(2))

S. 7(4) substituted (1.10.1991) by S.I. 1991/1997, reg. 2, Sch. para.69

Words in s. 9(5)(6)(7) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(4); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

S. 10(1) excluded by S.I. 1989/340 reg. 4(2)

Words in s. 10(1) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(4); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 10(1)(b)(3)(a) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 61(3); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 10(3) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(3)(d); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 11 substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(4); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

S. 13 amended by S.I. 1989/340, art. 35

Words in s. 14(3) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(1)(a); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 15(1) substituted (14.10.1991) by Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20), s. 99(2); S.I. 1991/828, art. 3(2)

Words in s. 15(1) substituted (14.10.1991) by S.I. 1991/1924, art. 2(a)

S. 15(3A)(3B) inserted (14.10.1991) by Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20), s. 99(2); S.I. 1991/828, art. 3(2)

Word in s. 15(3A)(b) and (3A)(c) inserted (14.10.1991) by S.I. 1991/2036 art. 3

S. 15(3C)-(3E) inserted (14.10.1991) by S.I. 1991/1924, art. 2(b)

Words in s. 15(6) substituted (1.4.1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 61(4); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 15(7)(8) substituted (1.4.1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(4); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

S. 16(6) restricted (14.10.1991) by S.I. 1991/2036, reg. 21(2)

Words in s. 16(8) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(2); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 16(9)(a) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(3)(a); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

S. 17(1) modified by S.I. 1989/338, art. 15(2)

S. 17(1) applied (with modifications) by S.I. 1989/339, art. 131

S. 17(1) modified by S.I. 1989/339, art. 132

S. 18 restricted by S.I. 1989/339, arts. 138, 143

S. 18(4)(b) modified by S.I. 1989/339, art. 135

1976 c. 63.

1980 c. 43.

Words in s. 19 added (14.10.1991) by the Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20), s. 99(3); S.I. 1991/828, art. 3(2)

1870 c. 52.

1967 c. 68.

1988 c. 33.

1933 c. 12.

1987 c. 38.

Word "or" in s. 20(4) omitted by virtue of War Crimes Act 1991 (c. 13, SIF 39:4), s.3(2)

S. 20(4)(bb) inserted by War Crimes Act 1991 (c. 13, SIF 39:4), s.3(2)

1987 c. 38.

1968 c. 19.

1969 c. 54.

1985 c. 23.

Words in s. 25(2) substituted (1.4.1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(4); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 26 substituted (1.4.1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(4); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Word in s. 26(2) substituted (1.4.1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 61(5); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

S. 29 wholly in force at 1.5.1991 see s. 47(2) and S.I. 1991/790, art. 1(2)

1981 c. 49.

1984 c. 28.

S. 30(1)(2) repealed (14.10.1991) by Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20), ss. 99(4), 108(7), Sch.15 ; S.I. 1991/828, art. 3(2)

Words in s. 31(1)(a) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(1)(a); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 31(1)(a) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 62(1)(a); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

1985 c. 23.

Words in s. 31(2) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(3)(c); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 31(2) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s., 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 62(1)(b); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

S. 32(1) restricted (1.1.2000) by S.I. 1999/166, regs. 6(5), 8(3) (with regs. 6(6), 8(4)) (as inserted (1.1.2000) by S.I. 1999/2278, reg. 4)

Words in s. 32(1) substituted (1. 4. 1991)by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 124(3), 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 62(2)(a); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 32(2) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Court and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18, para. 62(2)(b); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 32 substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(3)(a).; S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 32(5) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(3)(b); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 32(6) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(1)(b); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 32(7) substituted (1. 4. 1991)by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(5)(a); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

S. 32(8) restricted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 59(1)(2); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 32(8) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 62(2)(c); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

S. 32(9) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 62(2)(d); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 32(10) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(4); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 32(10) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(2); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 34(2)(e) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s.125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(5)(b); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 34(8)(b) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(2); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 34(9)(c)(d) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(5)(c); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

1986 c. 50.

1974 c. 4.

Words in s. 38(1)(f) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(5)(d); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

Words in s. 38(6) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(1)(a); S.I.1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

1980 c. 43.

S. 39(4) extended by S.I. 1991/724, art.2(1)(m)

Words in s. 39(4) omitted by virtue of S.I. 1991/724, art. 2(8), Schedule, PtI

Definitions in s. 43 inserted (1.4.1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 60; S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.

1971 c. 62.

Pt. IIIA (s. 13A) inserted (21.3.1997) by 1996 c. 27, 26(1); S.I. 1997/1077, art.2

1978 c. 22.

1989 c. 41.

S. 13B inserted (21.3.1997) by 1996 c. 27, s.27; S.I. 1997/1077, art.2

S. 13C inserted (21.3.1997) by 1996 c. 27, s. 28(1); S.I. 1997/1077, art.2

Sch. 2 Part I para. 2(a)(e) repealed (14.10.1991) by Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20), s. 108(7), Sch.15; S.I. 1991/828, art. 3(2)

1948 c. 29.

1950 c. 37.

1958 c. 39.

1976 c. 71.

1976 c. 36.

1972 c. 18.

1978 c. 22.

Sch. 2 Part I para. 2(g) added (14.10.1991) by Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20), s. 108(4), Sch. 12 para.45; S.I. 1991/828, art. 3(2)

1965 c. 64.

1973 c. 41.

1983 c. 2.

Sch. 2 Part I para. 5A added by S.I. 1989/549, art. 2

Sch. 2 Pt. II para. 5B inserted (30.8.1993) by 1993 c. 19, s. 4(2), Sch. 8 para.39; S.I. 1993/1908, art. 2(1), Sch.1

1992 c. 52.

Sch. 3 modified (27.9.1999) by 1999 c.22, ss. 105, 108(3)(e), Sch. 14 Pt. V para. 37 (with Sch. 14 para. 7(2))

1958 c. 39.

1980 c. 43.

Schedule 3, Pt.I, para. 3(1) extended by S.I. 1991/724, art.2(1)(m)

Schedule 3, Pt. I, para. 3(3); para. 3(3)(b) and the word "or" preceeding it omitted by virtue of S.I. 1991/724, art. 2(8), Schedule, Pt.I

1979 c. 55.

1933 c. 12.

Sch. 4 para. 3(b) repealed (prosp.) by Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1990 (c. 40, SIF 76), ss. 74(2), 75(2), Sch. 9

Sch. 4 para. 3(c) repealed (26.8.1991) by Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1990 (c. 40, SIF 76), ss. 74(2), Sch. 9; S.I. 1991/1903,art. 3, Sch.

1974 c. 4.

1982 c. 44.

1978 c. 44.

1957 c. 55.

1987 c. 42.

1974 c. 4.

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/34/1992-01-01Legal Aid Act 1988An Act to make new provision for the administration of, and to revise the law relating to, legal aid, advice and assistance.1988-07-29texttext/xmlenStatute Law Database2017-10-171992-01-01Legal Aid Act 1988ActFamily Law Act 1996s. 23(8)Legal Aid Act 1988Sch. 4 para. 3(b)Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1990Sch. 9s. 75(2)

Legal Aid Act 1988

1988 c. 34

An Act to make new provision for the administration of, and to revise the law relating to, legal aid, advice and assistance.

[29th July 1988]

Be it enacted by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—

Part I Preliminary
1 Purpose of this Act.

The purpose of this Act is to establish a framework for the provision under Parts II, III, IV, V and VI of advice, assistance and representation which is publicly funded with a view to helping persons who might otherwise be unable to obtain advice, assistance or representation on account of their means.

2 Interpretation.1

This section has effect for the interpretation of this Act.

2

Advice ” means oral or written advice on the application of English law to any particular circumstances that have arisen in relation to the person seeking the advice and as to the steps which that person might appropriately take having regard to the application of English law to those circumstances.

3

Assistance ” means assistance in taking any of the steps which a person might take, including steps with respect to proceedings, having regard to the application of English law to any particular circumstances that have arisen in relation to him, whether by taking such steps on his behalf (including assistance by way of representation) or by assisting him in taking them on his own behalf.

4

Representation ” means representation for the purposes of proceedings and it includes—

a

all such assistance as is usually given by a legal representativein the steps preliminary or incidental to any proceedings;

b

all such assistance as is usually so given in civil proceedings in arriving at or giving effect to a compromise to avoid or bring to an end any proceedings; and

c

in the case of criminal proceedings, advice and assistance as to any appeal;

and related expressions have corresponding meanings.

5

Regulations may specify what is, or is not, to be included in advice or assistance of any description, or representation for the purposes of proceedings of any description, to which any Part or provision of a Part of this Act applies and the regulations may provide for the inclusion, in prescribed circumstances, of advice or assistance given otherwise than under this Act.

6

Advice, assistance and representation under this Act, except when made available under Part II, shall only be by legal representatives, but in the case of Part II, may be by other persons.

7

Subject to section 59 of the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990, regulations—

a

may prescribe the circumstances in which representation shall be only by one legal representative and may require him to be from a prescribed category;

b

may regulate representation by more than one legal representative from any one or more prescribed categories.

7A

If it is satisfied that the circumstances of a particular case in the Supreme Court or the House of Lords warrant a direction under this subsection, the Board or, in the case of criminal proceedings the competent authority, may direct that representation in that case shall be by one legal representative.

7B

In subsection (7A), “competent authority ” shall be construed in accordance with section 20.

8

The Lord Chancellor may, if it appears to him to be necessary to do so for the purpose of fulfilling any obligation imposed on the United Kingdom or Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom by any international agreement, by order direct that such advice or assistance relating to the application of other laws than English law as is specified in the order shall be advice or assistance for any of the purposes of this Act.

9

For the purposes of the application of subsection (8) above in the case of an obligation to provide for the transmission to other countries of applications for legal aid under their laws, the reference to advice or assistance relating to the application of other laws includes a reference to advice or assistance for the purposes of making and transmitting such an application.

10

In this Act “person ” does not include a body of persons corporate or unincorporate which is not concerned in a representative, fiduciary or official capacity so as to authorise advice, assistance or representation to be granted to such a body.

11

In this Act “legally assisted person ” means any person who receives, under this Act, advice, assistance or representation and, in relation to proceedings, any reference to an assisted party or an unassisted party is to be construed accordingly.

Part II Legal Aid Board and Legal Aid
3 The Legal Aid Board.1

There shall be established a body to be known as the Legal Aid Board (in this Act referred to as “the Board ”).

2

Subject to subsections (3) and (4) below, the Board shall have the general function of securing that advice, assistance and representation are available in accordance with this Act and of administering this Act.

3

Subsection (2) above does not confer on the Board any functions with respect to the grant of representation under Part VI for the purposes of proceedings for contempt.

4

Subsection (2) above does not confer on the Board any of the following functions unless the Lord Chancellor so directs by order and then only to the extent specified in the order.

The functions referred to are—

a

determination of the costs of representation under Part IV;

b

functions as respects representation under Part V other than determination of the costs of representation for the purposes of proceedings in magistrates’ courts;

c

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

d

determination of the financial resources of persons for the purposes of this Act.

5

Subject to subsection (6) below, the Board shall consist of no fewer than 11 and no more than 17 members appointed by the Lord Chancellor; and the Lord Chancellor shall appoint one of the members to be chairman.

6

The Lord Chancellor may, by order, substitute, for the number for the time being specified in subsection (5) above as the maximum or minimum membership of the Board, such other number as he thinks appropriate.

7

The Board shall include at least two solicitors appointed after consultation with the Law Society.

8

The Lord Chancellor shall consult the General Council of the Bar with a view to the inclusion on the Board of at least two barristers.

9

In appointing persons to be members of the Board the Lord Chancellor shall have regard to the desirability of securing that the Board includes persons having expertise in or knowledge of—

a

the provision of legal services;

b

the work of the courts and social conditions; and

c

management.

10

Schedule 1 to this Act shall have effect with respect to the Board.

4 Powers of the Board.1

Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Board may do anything—

a

which it considers necessary or desirable to provide or secure the provision of advice, assistance and representation under this Act; or

b

which is calculated to facilitate or is incidental or conducive to the discharge of its functions;

and advice, assistance and representation may be provided in different ways in different areas in England and Wales and in different ways in different fields of law.

2

Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1) above, the Board shall have power—

a

to enter into any contract including, subject to subsection (7) below, any contract to acquire or dispose of land;

b

to make grants (with or without conditions, including conditions as to repayment);

c

to make loans;

d

to invest money;

e

to promote or assist in the promotion of publicity relating to the functions of the Board;

f

to undertake any inquiry or investigation which the Board considers necessary or expedient in relation to the discharge of its functions; and

g

to give the Lord Chancellor such advice as it may consider appropriate in relation to the provision of advice, assistance and representation under this Act.

3

Subsection (1) above does not confer on the Board power to borrow money or to acquire and hold shares in bodies corporate or take part in forming bodies corporate.

4

The powers to provide advice, assistance or representation under this Part and to secure its provision under this Part by means of contracts with, or grants or loans to, other persons or bodies—

a

shall not be exercisable unless the Lord Chancellor so directs and then only to the extent specified in the direction; and

b

if exercisable, shall be exercised in accordance with any directions given by him.

5

The power to secure the provision of representation under Part IV by means of contracts with other persons shall only be exercisable in the classes of case prescribed in regulations.

6

Advice, assistance and representation provided by the Board under this Part may be granted with or without limitations and may be amended, withdrawn or revoked.

7

The power under subsection (2) above to enter into contracts to acquire or dispose of land shall not be exercised without the approval in writing of the Lord Chancellor.

8

The Board may, from time to time, prepare and submit to the Lord Chancellor proposals for the assumption by it of any functions in relation to the provision of advice, assistance or representation under this Act.

5 Duties of the Board.1

The Board shall, from time to time, publish information as to the discharge of its functions in relation to advice, assistance and representation including the forms and procedures and other matters connected therewith.

2

The Board shall, from time to time, furnish to the Lord Chancellor such information as he may require relating to its property and to the discharge or proposed discharge of its functions.

3

It shall be the duty of the Board to provide to the Lord Chancellor, as soon as possible after 31st March in each year, a report on the discharge of its functions during the preceding twelve months.

4

The Board shall deal in any report under subsection (3) above with such matters as the Lord Chancellor may from time to time direct.

5

The Board shall have regard, in discharging its functions, to such guidance as may from time to time be given by the Lord Chancellor.

6

Guidance under subsection (5) above shall not relate to the consideration or disposal, in particular cases, of—

a

applications for advice, assistance or representation;

b

supplementary or incidental applications or requests to the Board in connection with any case where advice, assistance or representation has been made available.

7

For the purposes of subsection (2) above the Board shall permit any person authorised by the Lord Chancellor for the purpose to inspect and make copies of any accounts or documents of the Board and shall furnish such explanations of them as that person or the Lord Chancellor may require.

6 Board to have separate legal aid fund.1

The Board shall establish and maintain a separate legal aid fund.

2

Subject to regulations, there shall be paid out of the fund—

a

such sums as are, by virtue of any provision of or made under this Act, due from the Board in respect of remuneration and expenses properly incurred in connection with the provision, under this Act, of advice, assistance or representation;

b

costs awarded to any unassisted party under section 13 or 18;

c

any part of a contribution repayable by the Board under section 16(4) or 23(7); and

d

such other payments for the purposes of this Act as the Lord Chancellor may, with the concurrence of the Treasury, determine.

3

Subject to regulations, there shall be paid into the fund—

a

any contribution payable to the Board by any person in respect of advice, assistance or representation under this Act;

b

any sum awarded under an order of a court or agreement as to costs in any proceedings in favour of any legally assisted party which is payable to the Board;

c

any sum which is to be paid out of property recovered or preserved for any legally assisted party to any proceedings;

d

any sum in respect of the costs of an unassisted party awarded under section 13 or 18 which is repaid to the Board under that section;

e

the sums to be paid by the Lord Chancellor in pursuance of section 42(1)(a); and

f

such other receipts of the Board as the Lord Chancellor may, with the concurrence of the Treasury, determine.

7 Accounts and audit.1

The Board shall keep separate accounts with respect to—

a

its legal aid fund; and

b

the receipts and expenditure of the Board which do not relate to that fund;

and shall prepare in respect of each financial year a statement of accounts.

2

The accounts shall be kept and the statement of accounts shall be prepared in such form as the Lord Chancellor may, with the approval of the Treasury, direct.

3

The accounts shall be audited by persons to be appointed in respect of each financial year by the Lord Chancellor in accordance with a scheme of audit approved by him, and the auditors shall be furnished by the Board with copies of the statement and shall prepare a report to the Lord Chancellor on the accounts and statement.

4

No person shall be appointed auditor under subsection (3) above unless he is–

a

eligible for appointment as a company auditor under section 25 of the Companies Act 1989; or

b

a member of the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy.

5

Upon completion of the audit of the accounts, the auditors shall send to the Lord Chancellor a copy of the statement of accounts and of their report, and the Lord Chancellor shall send a copy of the statement and of the report to the Comptroller and Auditor General.

6

The Lord Chancellor and the Comptroller and Auditor General may inspect the accounts and any records relating to them.

7

The Lord Chancellor shall lay before each House of Parliament a copy of every statement of accounts and report of the auditors sent to him under subsection (5) above.

8

In this section “financial year ” means the period beginning with the day on which the Board is established and ending with 31st March next following and each subsequent period of 12 months ending with 31st March in each year.

Part III Advice and Assistance
8 Scope of this Part.1

Subject to the provisions of this section, this Part applies to any advice or assistance and advice and assistance under this Part shall be available to any person subject to and in accordance with the provisions of this section and sections 9, 10 and 11.

2

This Part only applies to assistance by way of representation if, and to the extent that, regulations so provide; and regulations may make such provision in relation to representation for the purposes of any proceedings before a court or tribunal or at a statutory inquiry.

3

Advice or assistance of all descriptions or advice or assistance of any prescribed description is excluded from this Part, or is so excluded as regards any area, if regulations so provide; and if regulations provide for all descriptions to be excluded as regards all areas then, so long as the regulations so provide, this Part (other than this subsection) shall not have effect.

4

Advice or assistance of any prescribed description is restricted to its provision to prescribed descriptions of persons if regulations so provide.

5

This Part does not apply to advice or assistance given to a person in connection with proceedings before a court or tribunal or at a statutory inquiry at a time when he is being represented in those proceedings under any other Part of this Act.

9 Availability of, and payment for, advice and assistance.1

Advice and assistance to which this Part applies shall be available to any person whose financial resources are such as, under regulations, make him eligible for advice or assistance under this Part.

2

If regulations so provide, advice or assistance to which this Part applies shall be available, in prescribed circumstances and subject to any prescribed conditions, to persons without reference to their financial resources.

3

Subject to any prescribed exceptions, assistance by way of representation under this Part shall not be given without the approval of the Board.

4

Approval under subsection (3) above may be given with or without limitations and may be amended, withdrawn or revoked.

5

Except as provided by subsection (6) or (7) below, the legally assisted person shall not be required to pay to his legal representativeany charge or fee.

6

Except as provided by subsection (7) below, a legally assisted person shall, if his financial resources are such as, under regulations, make him liable to make a contribution, be liable to pay to his legal representative, in respect of the advice or assistance, charges or fees of such amount as is determined or fixed by or under the regulations.

7

A legally assisted person to whom advice or assistance is made available by virtue of regulations under subsection (2) above shall, in circumstances prescribed by the regulations and, if the regulations apply only to persons of a prescribed description, he is a person of that description, be liable to pay to his legal representative, in respect of the advice or assistance, a fee of such amount as is fixed by or under the regulations (in lieu of a contribution under subsection (6) above).

10 Financial limit on prospective cost of advice or assistance.1

Where at any time (whether before or after the advice or assistance has begun to be given) it appears to a legal representativethat the cost of giving advice or assistance to a person under this Part is likely to exceed the prescribed limit—

a

the legal representativeshall determine to what extent that advice or assistance can be given without exceeding that limit; and

b

shall not give it (nor, as the case may be, instruct an additional legal representativeto give it) so as to exceed that limit except with the approval of the Board.

2

Approval under subsection (1)(b) above may be given with or without limitations and may be amended, withdrawn or revoked.

3

For the purposes of this section the cost of giving advice or assistance shall be taken to consist of such of the following as are applicable in the circumstances, namely—

a

any disbursements, that is to say, expenses (including fees payable to an additional legal representative) which may be incurred by the legal representativein, or in connection with, the giving of the advice or assistance; and

b

any charges or fees (other than charges for disbursements) which would be properly chargeable by the legal representativein respect of the advice or assistance.

11 Payment for advice or assistance otherwise than through legally assisted person’s contribution.1

This section applies to any charges or fees which, apart from section 9, would be properly chargeable in respect of advice or assistance given under this Part, in so far as those charges or fees are not payable by the legally assisted person in accordance with that section.

2

Except in so far as regulations otherwise provide, charges or fees to which this section applies shall constitute a first charge for the benefit of the legal representative

a

on any costs which are payable to the legally assisted person by any other person in respect of the matter in connection with which the advice or assistance is given, and

b

on any property which is recovered or preserved for the legally assisted person in connection with that matter.

3

In so far as the charge created by subsection (2) above in respect of any charges or fees to which this section applies is insufficient to meet them, the deficiency shall, subject to subsection (5) below, be payable to the legal representativeby the Board.

4

For the purposes of subsection (2) above, it is immaterial, in the case of costs, whether the costs are payable by virtue of a judgment, order of a court or otherwise and, in the case of property, what its nature is and where it is situated and the property within the charge includes the legally assisted person’s rights under any compromise or settlement arrived at to avoid proceedings or bring them to an end.

5

For the purpose of determining what charges or fees would be properly chargeable, and whether there is a deficiency to be paid by the Board, charges or fees in respect of advice or assistance under this Part shall, in prescribed circumstances, be determined in such manner as may be prescribed.

12 Limit on costs against person receiving assistance by way of representation.1

Where a person receives any assistance by way of representation in any proceedings before a court or tribunal or at a statutory inquiry, then, except in so far as regulations otherwise provide, his liability by virtue of an order for costs made against him with respect to the proceedings shall not exceed the amount (if any) which is a reasonable one for him to pay having regard to all the circumstances, including the financial resources of all the parties and their conduct in connection with the dispute.

2

Regulations shall make provision as to the court, tribunal or person by whom that amount is to be determined and the extent to which any determination of that amount is to be final.

3

None of the following, namely, a legally assisted person’s dwelling house, clothes, household furniture and the tools and implements of his trade shall—

a

be taken into account in assessing his financial resources for the purposes of this section, or

b

be subject to execution or any corresponding process in any part of the United Kingdom to enforce the order,

except so far as regulations may prescribe.

13 Costs of successful unassisted parties. 1

This section applies to proceedings in which a person who receives assistance by way of representation is a party and which are finally decided in favour of an unassisted party.

2

In any proceedings to which this section applies the court by which the proceedings are so decided may, subject to subsections (3) and (4) below, make an order for the payment by the Board to the unassisted party of the whole or any part of the costs incurred by him in the proceedings.

3

Before making an order under this section, the court shall consider what order for costs should be made against the assisted party and for determining his liability in respect of such costs.

4

An order under this section in respect of any costs may only be made if—

a

an order for costs would be made in the proceedings apart from this Act;

b

as respects the costs incurred in a court of first instance, those proceedings were instituted by the assisted party and the court is satisfied that the unassisted party will suffer severe financial hardship unless the order is made; and

c

in any case, the court is satisfied that it is just and equitable in all the circumstances of the case that provision for the costs should be made out of public funds.

5

Without prejudice to any other provision restricting appeals from any court, no appeal shall lie against an order under this section, or against a refusal to make such an order, except on a point of law.

6

In this section “costs ” means costs as between party and party, and includes the costs of applying for an order under this section; and where a party begins to receive the assistance after the proceedings have been instituted, or ceases to receive the assistance before they are finally decided or otherwise receives the assistance in connection with part only of the proceedings, the reference in subsection (2) above to the costs incurred by the unassisted party in the proceedings shall be construed as a reference to so much of those costs as is attributable to that part.

7

For the purposes of this section proceedings shall be treated as finally decided in favour of the unassisted party—

a

if no appeal lies against the decision in his favour;

b

if an appeal lies against the decision with leave, and the time limited for applications for leave expires without leave being granted; or

c

if leave to appeal against the decision is granted or is not required, and no appeal is brought within the time limited for appeal;

and where an appeal against the decision is brought out of time the court by which the appeal (or any further appeal in those proceedings) is determined may make an order for the repayment by the unassisted party to the Board of the whole or any part of any sum previously paid to him under this section in respect of those proceedings.

8

Where a court decides any proceedings in favour of the unassisted party and an appeal lies (with or without leave) against that decision, the court may, if it thinks fit, make or refuse to make an order under this section forthwith, but if an order is made forthwith it shall not take effect—

a

where leave to appeal is required, unless the time limited for applications for leave to appeal expires without leave being granted;

b

where leave to appeal is granted or is not required, unless the time limited for appeal expires without an appeal being brought.

9

For the purposes of this section “court ” includes a tribunal.

Part IIIA Mediation
13A Scope of this Part.1

This Part applies to mediation in disputes relating to family matters.

2

Family matters ” means matters which are governed by English law and in relation to which any question has arisen, or may arise—

a

under any provision of—

i

the 1973 Act;

ii

the Domestic Proceedings and Magistrates’ Courts Act 1978;

iii

Parts I to V of the Children Act 1989;

iv

Parts II and IV of the Family Law Act 1996; or

v

any other enactment prescribed;

b

under any prescribed jurisdiction of a prescribed court or tribunal; or

c

under any prescribed rule of law.

3

Regulations may restrict this Part to mediation in disputes of any prescribed description.

4

The power to—

a

make regulations under subsection (2), or

b

revoke any regulations made under subsection (3),

is exercisable only with the consent of the Treasury.

13BProvision and availability of mediation.1

The Board may secure the provision of mediation under this Part.

2

If mediation is provided under this Part, it is to be available to any person whose financial resources are such as, under regulations, make him eligible for mediation.

3

A person is not to be granted mediation in relation to any dispute unless mediation appears to the mediator suitable to the dispute and the parties and all the circumstances.

4

A grant of mediation under this Part may be amended, withdrawn or revoked.

5

The power conferred by subsection (1) shall be exercised in accordance with any directions given by the Lord Chancellor.

6

Any contract entered into by the Board for the provision of mediation under this Part must require the mediator to comply with a code of practice.

7

The code must require the mediator to have arrangements designed to ensure—

a

that parties participate in mediation only if willing and not influenced by fear of violence or other harm;

b

that cases where either party may be influenced by fear of violence or other harm are identified as soon as possible;

c

that the possibility of reconciliation is kept under review throughout mediation; and

d

that each party is informed about the availability of independent legal advice.

8

Where there are one or more children of the family, the code must also require the mediator to have arrangements designed to ensure that the parties are encouraged to consider—

a

the welfare, wishes and feelings of each child; and

b

whether and to what extent each child should be given the opportunity to express his or her wishes and feelings in the mediation.

9

A contract entered into by the Board for the provision of mediation under this Part must also include such other provision as the Lord Chancellor may direct the Board to include.

10

Directions under this section may apply generally to contracts, or to contracts of any description, entered into by the Board, but shall not be made with respect to any particular contract.

13CPayment for mediation under this Part.1

Except as provided by this section, the legally assisted person is not to be required to pay for mediation provided under this Part.

2

Subsection (3) applies if the financial resources of a legally assisted person are such as, under regulations, make him liable to make a contribution.

3

The legally assisted person is to pay to the Board in respect of the costs of providing the mediation, a contribution of such amount as is determined or fixed by or under the regulations.

4

If the total contribution made by a person in respect of any mediation exceeds the Board’s liability on his account, the excess shall be repaid to him.

5

Regulations may provide that, where—

a

mediation under this Part is made available to a legally assisted person, and

b

property is recovered or preserved for the legally assisted person as a result of the mediation,

a sum equal to the Board’s liability on the legally assisted person’s account is, except so far as the regulations otherwise provide, to be a first charge on the property in favour of the Board.

6

Regulations under subsection (5) may, in particular, make provision—

a

as to circumstances in which property is to be taken to have been, or not to have been, recovered or preserved; and

b

as to circumstances in which the recovery or preservation of property is to be taken to be, or not to be, the result of any mediation.

7

For the purposes of subsection (5), the nature of the property and where it is situated is immaterial.

8

The power to make regulations under section 34(2)(f) and (8) is exercisable in relation to any charge created under subsection (5) as it is exercisable in relation to the charge created by section 16.

9

For the purposes of subsections (4) and (5), the Board’s liability on any person’s account in relation to any mediation is the aggregate amount of—

a

the sums paid or payable by the Board on his account for the mediation, determined in accordance with subsection (10);

b

any sums paid or payable in respect of its net liability on his account, determined in accordance with subsection (11) and the regulations—

i

in respect of any proceedings, and

ii

for any advice or assistance under Part III in connection with the proceedings or any matter to which the proceedings relate,

so far as the proceedings relate to any matter to which the mediation relates; and

c

any sums paid or payable in respect of its net liability on his account, determined in accordance with the regulations, for any other advice or assistance under Part III in connection with the mediation or any matter to which the mediation relates.

10

For the purposes of subsection (9)(a), the sums paid or payable by the Board on any person’s account for any mediation are—

a

sums determined under the contract between the Board and the mediator as payable by the Board on that person’s account for the mediation; or

b

if the contract does not differentiate between such sums and sums payable on any other person’s account or for any other mediation, such part of the remuneration payable under the contract as may be specified in writing by the Board.

11

For the purposes of subsection (9)(b), the Board’s net liability on any person’s account in relation to any proceedings is its net liability on his account under section 16(9)(a) and (b) in relation to the proceedings.

Part IV Civil Legal Aid
14 Scope of this Part.1

This Part applies to such proceedings before courts or tribunals or at statutory inquiries in England and Wales as—

a

are proceedings of a description for the time being specified in Part I of Schedule 2 to this Act, except proceedings for the time being specified in Part II of that Schedule, and

b

are not proceedings for which representation may be granted under Part V,

and representation under this Part shall be available to any person subject to and in accordance with sections 15 and 16.

2

Subject to subsection (3) below, Schedule 2 may be varied by regulations so as to extend or restrict the categories of proceedings for the purposes of which representation is available under this Part, by reference to the court, tribunal or statutory inquiry, to the issues involved, to the capacity in which the person seeking representation is concerned or otherwise.

3

Regulations under subsection (2) above may not have the effect of adding any proceedings before any court or tribunal or at any statutory inquiry before or at which persons have no right, and are not normally allowed, to be represented by a legal representative.

4

Regulations under subsection (2) above which extend the categories of proceedings for the purposes of which representation is available under this Part shall not be made without the consent of the Treasury.

15 Availability of, and payment for, representation under this Part.1

Subject to subsections (2) to (3D) below, representation under this Part for the purposes of proceedings to which this Part applies shall be available to any person whose financial resources are such as, under regulations, make him eligible for representation under this Part.

2

A person shall not be granted representation for the purposes of any proceedings unless he satisfies the Board that he has reasonable grounds for taking, defending or being a party to the proceedings.

3

A person may be refused representation for the purposes of any proceedings if, in the particular circumstances of the case it appears to the Board—

a

unreasonable that he should be granted representation under this Part, or

b

more appropriate that he should be given assistance by way of representation under Part III;

and regulations may prescribe the criteria for determining any questions arising under paragraph (b) above.

3A

Representation under this Part shall not be available—

a

to any local authority; or

b

to any other body which falls within a prescribed description, or

c

to a guardianad litem,

for the purposes of any proceedings under the Children Act 1989.

3B

Regardless of subsection (2) or (3), representation under this Part must be granted where a child who is brought before a court under section 25 of the 1989 Act (use of accommodation for restricting liberty) is not, but wishes to be, legally represented before the court.

3C

Subject to subsection (3A) but regardless of subsections (2) or (3), representation under this Part must be granted to the child in respect of whom the application is made, to any parent of such a child and to any person with parental responsibility for him within the meaning of the 1989 Act to cover proceedings relating to an application for the following orders under that Act—

a

an order under section 31 (a care or supervision order);

b

an order under section 43 (a child assessment order);

c

an order under section 44 (an emergency protection order); or

d

an order under section 45 (extension or discharge of an emergency protection order).

3D

Subject to subsections (2) and (3), representation must be granted to cover proceedings relating to an appeal against an order made under section 31 of the 1989 Act to a person who has been granted representation by virtue of subsection (3C).

3E

Subject to subsections (1) and (3A) but regardless of subsections (2) or (3), representation under this Part must be granted where a person applies to be or has been joined as a party to any of the proceedings mentioned in subsection (3C).

4

Representation under this Part may be granted by the Board with or without limitations and may be amended, withdrawn or revoked.

5

Where the case is one in which the Board has power to secure the provision of representation under this Part by means of contracts with other persons, the grant of representation under this Part may be limited under subsection (4) above as regards the persons who may represent the legally assisted person to representation only in pursuance of a contract made with the Board.

6

Except in so far as he is required under section 16 to make a contribution, a legally assisted person shall not be required to make any payment in respect of representation under this Part and it shall be for the Board to pay his legal representative.

7

The Board’s obligation under subsection (6) above is—

a

in the case of representation provided in pursuance of a contract between the Board and the legally assisted person’s legal representative, to make such payments as are due under the contract; and

b

in the case of representation provided otherwise than in pursuance of such a contract, to make such payments as are authorised by regulations.

8

Nothing in subsection (6) above affects the duty of the legal representativeto pay in the first instance expenses incurred in connection with the proceedings that would ordinarily be paid in the first instance by a person’s legal representative.

16 Reimbursement of Board by contributions and out of costs or property recovered.1

A legally assisted person shall, if his financial resources are such as, under regulations, make him liable to make such a contribution, pay to the Board a contribution in respect of the costs of his being represented under this Part.

2

The contribution to be required of him by the Board shall be determined by the Board in accordance with the regulations and may take the form of periodical payments or one or more capital sums or both.

3

The contribution required of a person may, in the case of periodical payments, be made payable by reference to the period during which he is represented under this Part or any shorter period and, in the case of a capital sum, be made payable by instalments.

4

If the total contribution made by a person in respect of any proceedings exceeds the net liability of the Board on his account, the excess shall be repaid to him.

5

Any sums recovered by virtue of an order or agreement for costs made in favour of a legally assisted person with respect to the proceedings shall be paid to the Board.

6

Except so far as regulations otherwise provide—

a

any sums remaining unpaid on account of a person’s contribution in respect of the sums payable by the Board in respect of any proceedings, and

b

a sum equal to any deficiency by reason of his total contribution being less than the net liability of the Board on his account,

shall be a first charge for the benefit of the Board on any property which is recovered or preserved for him in the proceedings.

7

For the purposes of subsection (6) above it is immaterial what the nature of the property is and where it is situated and the property within the charge includes the rights of a person under any compromise or settlement arrived at to avoid the proceedings or bring them to an end and any sums recovered by virtue of an order for costs made in his favour in the proceedings (not being sums payable to the Board under subsection (5) above).

8

The charge created by subsection (6) above on any damages or costs shall not prevent a court allowing them to be set off against other damages or costs in any case where a legal representative’slien for costs would not prevent it.

9

In this section references to the net liability of the Board on a legally assisted person’s account in relation to any proceedings are references to the aggregate amount of—

a

the sums paid or payable by the Board on his account in respect of those proceedings to any legal representative, and

b

any sums so paid or payable for any advice or assistance under Part III in connection with those proceedings or any matter to which those proceedings relate,

being sums not recouped by the Board by sums which are recoverable by virtue of an order or agreement for costs made in his favour with respect to those proceedings or by virtue of any right of his to be indemnified against expenses incurred by him in connection with those proceedings.

10

Where a legally assisted person has been represented in any proceedings in pursuance of a contract made with the Board on terms which do not differentiate between the remuneration for his and other cases, the reference in subsection (9)(a) above to the sums paid or payable by the Board on his account in respect of the proceedings shall be construed as a reference to such part of the remuneration payable under the contract as may be specified in writing by the Board.

17 Limit on costs against assisted party.1

The liability of a legally assisted party under an order for costs made against him with respect to any proceedings shall not exceed the amount (if any) which is a reasonable one for him to pay having regard to all the circumstances, including the financial resources of all the parties and their conduct in connection with the dispute.

2

Regulations shall make provision as to the court, tribunal or person by whom that amount is to be determined and the extent to which any determination of that amount is to be final.

3

None of the following, namely, a legally assisted person’s dwelling house, clothes, household furniture and the tools and implements of his trade shall—

a

be taken into account in assessing his financial resources for the purposes of this section, or

b

be subject to execution or any corresponding process in any part of the United Kingdom to enforce the order,

except so far as regulations may prescribe.

18 Costs of successful unassisted parties. 1

This section applies to proceedings to which a legally assisted person is a party and which are finally decided in favour of an unassisted party.

2

In any proceedings to which this section applies the court by which the proceedings were so decided may, subject to subsections (3) and (4) below, make an order for the payment by the Board to the unassisted party of the whole or any part of the costs incurred by him in the proceedings.

3

Before making an order under this section, the court shall consider what order for costs should be made against the assisted party and for determining his liability in respect of such costs.

4

An order under this section in respect of any costs may only be made if—

a

an order for costs would be made in the proceedings apart from this Act;

b

as respects the costs incurred in a court of first instance, those proceedings were instituted by the assisted party and the court is satisfied that the unassisted party will suffer severe financial hardship unless the order is made; and

c

in any case, the court is satisfied that it is just and equitable in all the circumstances of the case that provision for the costs should be made out of public funds.

5

Without prejudice to any other provision restricting appeals from any court, no appeal shall lie against an order under this section, or against a refusal to make such an order, except on a point of law.

6

In this section “costs ” means costs as between party and party, and includes the costs of applying for an order under this section; and where a party begins to receive representation after the proceedings have been instituted, or ceases to receive representation before they are finally decided or otherwise receives representation in connection with part only of the proceedings, the reference in subsection (2) above to the costs incurred by the unassisted party in the proceedings shall be construed as a reference to so much of those costs as is attributable to that part.

7

For the purposes of this section proceedings shall be treated as finally decided in favour of the unassisted party—

a

if no appeal lies against the decision in his favour;

b

if an appeal lies against the decision with leave, and the time limited for applications for leave expires without leave being granted; or

c

if leave to appeal against the decision is granted or is not required, and no appeal is brought within the time limited for appeal;

and where an appeal against the decision is brought out of time the court by which the appeal (or any further appeal in those proceedings) is determined may make an order for the repayment by the unassisted party to the Board of the whole or any part of any sum previously paid to him under this section in respect of those proceedings.

8

Where a court decides any proceedings in favour of the unassisted party and an appeal lies (with or without leave) against that decision, the court may, if it thinks fit, make or refuse to make an order under this section forthwith, but if an order is made forthwith it shall not take effect—

a

where leave to appeal is required, unless the time limited for applications for leave to appeal expires without leave being granted;

b

where leave to appeal is granted or is not required, unless the time limited for appeal expires without an appeal being brought.

9

For the purposes of this section “court ” includes a tribunal.

Part V Criminal Legal Aid
19 Scope of this Part.1

This Part applies to criminal proceedings before any of the following—

a

a magistrates’ court;

b

the Crown Court;

c

the criminal division of the Court of Appeal or the Courts-Martial Appeal Court; and

d

the House of Lords in the exercise of its jurisdiction in relation to appeals from either of those courts;

and representation under this Part shall be available to any person subject to and in accordance with sections 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25.

2

Representation under this Part for the purposes of the proceedings before any court extends to any proceedings preliminary or incidental to the proceedings, including bail proceedings, whether before that or another court.

3

Representation under this Part for the purposes of the proceedings before a magistrates’ court extends to any proceedings before a juvenile court or other magistrates’ court to which the case is remitted.

4

In subsection (2) above in its application to bail proceedings, “court ” has the same meaning as in the Bail Act 1976, but that subsection does not extend representation to bail proceedings before a judge of the High Court exercising the jurisdiction of that Court.

5

In this Part—

competent authority ” is to be construed in accordance with section 20;

Court of Appeal ” means the criminal division of that Court;

criminal proceedings ” includes proceedings for dealing with an offender for an offence or in respect of a sentence or as a fugitive offender and also includes proceedings instituted under section 115 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (binding over) in respect of an actual or apprehended breach of the peace or other misbehaviour and proceedings for dealing with a person for a failure to comply with a condition of a recognizance to keep the peace or be of good behaviour; and also includes proceedings under section 15 of the Children and Young Persons’Act1969(variation and discharge of supervision orders) and section 16(8)of that Act (appeals in such proceedings).

proceedings for dealing with an offender as a fugitive offender ” means proceedings before a metropolitan stipendiary magistrate under section 9 of the Extradition Act 1870, section 7 of the Fugitive Offenders Act 1967 or section 6 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988; and

remitted ”, in relation to a juvenile court,, means remitted under section 56(1) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933;

and any reference, in relation to representation for the purposes of any proceedings, to the proceedings before a court includes a reference to any proceedings to which representation under this Part extends by virtue of subsection (2) or (3) above.

20 Competent authorities to grant representation under this Part.1

Subject to any provision made by virtue of subsection (10) below, the following courts are competent to grant representation under this Part for the purposes of the following proceedings, on an application made for the purpose.

2

The court before which any proceedings take place, or are to take place, is always competent as respects those proceedings, except that this does not apply to the House of Lords; and, in the case of the Court of Appeal and the Courts-Martial Appeal Court, the reference to proceedings which are to take place includes proceedings which may take place if notice of appeal is given or an application for leave to appeal is made.

3

The Court of Appeal or, as the case may be, the Courts-Martial Appeal Court is also competent as respects proceedings on appeal from decisions of theirs to the House of Lords.

4

The magistrates’ court—

a

which commits a person for trial or sentence or to be dealt with in respect of a sentence,

b

which has been given a notice of transfer under section 4 of the Criminal Justice Act 1987 (transfer of serious fraud cases) , ...

bb

which has been given a notice of transfer under Part I of the Schedule to the War Crimes Act 1991, or

c

from which a person appeals against his conviction or sentence,

is also competent as respects the proceedings before the Crown Court.

5

The magistrates’ court inquiring into an offence as examining justices is also competent, before it decides whether or not to commit the person for trial, as respects any proceedings before the Crown Court on his trial.

6

The Crown Court is also competent as respects applications for leave to appeal and proceedings on any appeal to the Court of Appeal under section 9(11) of the Criminal Justice Act 1987 (appeals against orders or rulings at preparatory hearings).

7

On ordering a retrial under section 7 of the Criminal Appeal Act 1968 (new trials ordered by Court of Appeal or House of Lords on fresh evidence) the court ordering the retrial is also competent as respects the proceedings before the Crown Court.

8

Any magistrates’ court to which, in accordance with regulations, a person applies for representation when he has been arrested for an offence but has not appeared or been brought before a court is competent as respects the proceedings in relation to the offence in any magistrates’ court.

9

In the event of the Lord Chancellor making an order under section 3(4) as respects the function of granting representation under this Part for the purposes of proceedings before any court, the Board shall be competent as respects those proceedings, on an application made for the purpose.

10

An order under section 3(4) may make provision restricting or excluding the competence of any court mentioned in any of subsections (2) to (8) above and may contain such transitional provisions as appear to the Lord Chancellor necessary or expedient.

21 Availability of representation under this Part.1

Representation under this Part for the purposes of any criminal proceedings shall be available in accordance with this section to the accused or convicted person but shall not be available to the prosecution except in the case of an appeal to the Crown Court against conviction or sentence, for the purpose of enabling an individual who is not acting in an official capacity to resist the appeal.

2

Subject to subsection (5) below, representation may be granted where it appears to the competent authority to be desirable to do so in the interests of justice; and section 22 applies for the interpretation of this subsection in relation to the proceedings to which that section applies.

3

Subject to subsection (5) below, representation must be granted—

a

where a person is committed for trial on a charge of murder, for his trial;

b

where the prosecutor appeals or applies for leave to appeal to the House of Lords, for the proceedings on the appeal;

c

where a person charged with an offence before a magistrates’ court—

i

is brought before the court in pursuance of a remand in custody when he may be again remanded or committed in custody, and

ii

is not, but wishes to be, legally represented before the court (not having been legally represented when he was so remanded),

for so much of the proceedings as relates to the grant of bail; and

d

where a person—

i

is to be sentenced or otherwise dealt with for an offence by a magistrates’ court or the Crown Court, and

ii

is to be kept in custody to enable enquiries or a report to be made to assist the court,

for the proceedings on sentencing or otherwise dealing with him.

4

Subject to any provision made under section 3(4) by virtue of section 20(10), in a case falling within subsection (3)(a) above, it shall be for the magistrates’ court which commits the person for trial, and not for the Crown Court, to make the grant of representation for his trial.

5

Representation shall not be granted to any person unless it appears to the competent authority that his financial resources are such as, under regulations, make him eligible for representation under this Part.

6

Before making a determination for the purposes of subsection (5) above in the case of any person, the competent authority shall, except in prescribed cases, require a statement of his financial resources in the prescribed form to be furnished to the authority.

7

Where a doubt arises whether representation under this Part should be granted to any person, the doubt shall be resolved in that person’s favour.

8

Where an application for representation for the purposes of an appeal to the Court of Appeal or the Courts-Martial Appeal Court is made to a competent authority before the giving of notice of appeal or the making of an application for leave to appeal, the authority may, in the first instance, exercise its power to grant representation by making a grant consisting of advice on the question whether there appear to be reasonable grounds of appeal and assistance in the preparation of an application for leave to appeal or in the giving of a notice of appeal.

9

Representation granted by a competent authority may be amended or withdrawn, whether by that or another authority competent to grant representation under this Part.

10

Regulations may provide for an appeal to lie to a specified court or body against any refusal by a magistrates’ court to grant representation under this Part and for that other court or body to make any grant of representation that could have been made by the magistrates’ court.

11

Subsection (3) above shall have effect in its application to a person who has not attained the age of eighteen as if the references in paragraphs (c) and (d) to remand in custody and to being remanded or kept in custody included references to being committed under section 23 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 to the care of a local authority or a remand centre.

22 Criteria for grant of representation for trial proceedings.1

This section applies to proceedings by way of a trial by or before a magistrates’ court or the Crown Court or on an appeal to the Crown Court against a person’s conviction.

2

The factors to be taken into account by a competent authority in determining whether it is in the interests of justice that representation be granted for the purposes of proceedings to which this section applies to an accused shall include the following—

a

the offence is such that if proved it is likely that the court would impose a sentence which would deprive the accused of his liberty or lead to loss of his livelihood or serious damage to his reputation;

b

the determination of the case may involve consideration of a substantial question of law;

c

the accused may be unable to understand the proceedings or to state his own case because of his inadequate knowledge of English, mental illness or other mental or physical disability;

d

the nature of the defence is such as to involve the tracing and interviewing of witnesses or expert cross-examination of a witness for the prosecution;

e

it is in the interests of someone other than the accused that the accused be represented.

3

The Lord Chancellor may, by order, vary the factors listed in subsection (2) above by amending factors in the list or by adding new factors to the list.

23 Reimbursement of public funds by contributions.1

Where representation under this Part is granted to any person whose financial resources are such as, under regulations, make him liable to make a contribution, the competent authority shall order him to pay a contribution in respect of the costs of his being represented under this Part.

2

Where the legally assisted person has not attained the age of sixteen, the competent authority may, instead of or in addition to ordering him to make a contribution, order any person—

a

who is an appropriate contributor in relation to him, and

b

whose financial resources are such as, under regulations, make him liable to make a contribution,

to pay a contribution in respect of the costs of the representation granted to the legally assisted person.

3

Regulations may authorise the making of a contribution order under subsection (1) or (2) above after the grant of representation in prescribed circumstances.

4

The amount of the contribution to be required under subsection (1) or (2) above by the competent authority shall be such as is determined in accordance with the regulations.

5

A legally assisted person or appropriate contributor may be required to make his contribution in one sum or by instalments as may be prescribed.

6

Regulations may provide that no contribution order shall be made in connection with a grant of representation under this Part for the purposes of proceedings in the Crown Court, the Court of Appeal or the House of Lords in a case where a contribution order was made in connection with a grant of such representation to the person in question in respect of proceedings in a lower court.

7

Subject to subsection (8) below, if the total contribution made in respect of the costs of representing any person under this Part exceeds those costs, the excess shall be repaid—

a

where the contribution was made by one person only, to him; and

b

where the contribution was made by two or more persons, to them in proportion to the amounts contributed by them.

8

Where a contribution has been made in respect of the costs of representing any person under this Part in any proceedings and an order for costs is made in favour of that person in respect of those proceedings, then, where sums due under the order for costs are paid to the Board or the Lord Chancellor under section 20(2) of the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 (recovery regulations)—

a

if the costs of the representation do not exceed the sums so paid, subsection (7) above shall not apply and the contribution shall be repaid;

b

if the costs of the representation do exceed the sums so paid, subsection (7) above shall apply as if the costs of the representation were equal to the excess.

9

References in subsection (8) above to the costs of representation include any charge or fee treated as part of those costs by section 26(2).

10

In this Part—

appropriate contributor ”, means a person of a description prescribed under section 34(2)(c); and

contribution order ” means an order under subsection (1) or (2) above.

24 Contribution orders: supplementary.1

Where a competent authority grants representation under this Part and in connection with the grant makes a contribution order under which any sum is required to be paid on the making of the order, it may direct that the grant of representation shall not take effect until that sum is paid.

2

Where a legally assisted person fails to pay any relevant contribution when it is due, the court in which the proceedings for the purposes of which he has been granted representation are being heard may, subject to subsection (3) below, revoke the grant.

3

A court shall not exercise the power conferred by subsection (2) above unless, after affording the legally assisted person an opportunity of making representations in such manner as may be prescribed, it is satisfied—

a

that he was able to pay the relevant contribution when it was due; and

b

that he is able to pay the whole or part of it but has failed or refused to do so.

4

In subsection (2) above “relevant contribution ”, in relation to a legally assisted person, means any sum—

a

which he is required to pay by a contribution order made in connection with the grant to him of representation under this Part, and

b

which falls due after the making of the order and before the conclusion of the proceedings for the purposes of which he has been granted such representation.

5

Regulations with respect to contribution orders may—

a

provide for their variation or revocation in prescribed circumstances;

b

provide for their making in default of the prescribed evidence of a person’s financial resources;

c

regulate their making after the grant of representation;

d

authorise the remission or authorise or require the repayment in prescribed circumstances of sums due or paid under such orders; and

e

prescribe the court or body by which any function under the regulations is to be exercisable.

6

Schedule 3 to this Act shall have effect with respect to the enforcement of contribution orders.

25 Payment of costs of representation under this Part.1

Where representation under this Part has been granted to any person the costs of representing him shall be paid—

a

by the Lord Chancellor, or

b

by the Board,

as the Lord Chancellor may direct.

2

Subject to regulations, the costs of representing any person under this Part shall include sums on account of the fees payable to his legal representative and disbursements reasonably incurred by his legal representative for or in connection with his representation.

3

The costs required by this section to be paid in respect of representing him shall not include any sum in respect of allowances to witnesses attending to give evidence in the proceedings for the purposes of which he is represented in any case where such allowances are payable under any other enactment.

26 Payment for advice or assistance where representation under this Part is subsequently granted.1

This section has effect where—

a

advice or assistance under Part III is given to a person in respect of any matter which is or becomes the subject of criminal proceedings against him; and

b

he is subsequently granted representation under this Part for the purposes of those proceedings.

2

If the legal representative acting for the person under the grant of representation is the one who gave him the advice or assistance, any charge or fee in respect of the advice or assistance which, apart from this section, would fall to be secured, recovered or paid as provided by section 11 shall instead be paid under section 25 as if it were part of the costs of the representation.

3

If a contribution order is made in connection with the grant of representation under this Part to him—

a

any sum which he is required by virtue of section 9(6) or (7) to pay in respect of the advice or assistance (whether or not already paid) shall be credited against the contribution to be made by him under the contribution order; and

b

section 25 shall have effect in a case to which subsection (2) above applies as if the charges and fees properly chargeable in respect of the advice or assistance were part of the costs of the representation under this Part and as if any such sum as is mentioned in paragraph (a) above which he has paid were part of the contribution made under the contribution order.

Part VI Legal Aid in Special Cases Care proceedings
27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contempt proceedings
29 Representation in contempt proceedings.1

This section applies to any proceedings where a person is liable to be committed or fined—

a

by a magistrates’ court under section 12 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981;

b

by a county court under section 14, 92 or 118 of the County Courts Act 1984;

c

by any superior court for contempt in the face of that or any other court;

and in this Act “proceedings for contempt ” means so much of any proceedings as relates to dealing with a person as mentioned in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) above.

2

In any proceedings for contempt against a person the court may order that he be granted representation under this section for the purposes of the proceedings if it appears to the court to be desirable to do so in the interests of justice.

3

In this section, “superior court ” means the Court of Appeal, the High Court, the Crown Court, the Courts-Martial Appeal Court, the Restrictive Practices Court, the Employment Appeal Tribunal and any other court exercising in relation to its proceedings powers equivalent to those of the High Court, and includes the House of Lords in the exercise of its jurisdiction in relation to appeals from courts in England and Wales.

Supplementary
30 Supplementary.1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3

In Part V, section 25 shall apply for the purposes of representation in proceedings for contempt as it applies for the purposes of representation under that Part in criminal proceedings.

Part VII General and Supplementary
31 Act not generally to affect position of legal representatives or other parties.1

Except as expressly provided by this Act or regulations under it—

a

the fact that the services of a legal representative are given under this Act shall not affect the relationship between or rights of the legal representativeand client or any privilege arising out of such relationship; and

b

the rights conferred by this Act on a person receiving advice, assistance or representation under it shall not affect the rights or liabilities of other parties to the proceedings or the principles on which the discretion of any court or tribunal is normally exercised.

2

Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1)(b) above, for the purpose of determining the costs of a legally assisted person in pursuance of an order for costs or an agreement for costs in his favour (other than an order under Part II of the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985) the services of his legal representativeshall be treated as having been provided otherwise than under this Act and his legal representative shall be treated as having paid the fees of any additional legal representative instructed by him.

3

A person who provides advice, assistance or representation under this Act shall not take any payment in respect of the advice, assistance or representation except such payment as is made by the Board or authorised by, or by regulations under, this Act.

4

The revocation under this Act of a grant (or, in the case of Part III, of approval for a grant) of advice, assistance or representation to a legally assisted person shall not affect the right of any legal representative of his, arising otherwise than under a contract, to remuneration for work done before the date of the revocation.

32 Selection and assignment of legal representatives.1

Subject to the provisions of this section, a person entitled to receive advice or assistance or representation may select the legal representative to advise, assist or act for him from among the legal representatives willing to provide advice, assistance or representation under this Act.

2

Where the Board limits a grant of representation under Part IV to representation in pursuance of a contract made by the Board, it may, as it thinks fit, assign to the legally assisted person one or more legal representatives or direct that he may only select a legal representative from among those with whom such a contract subsists.

3

A person’s right to select his legal representativeis subject, in the case of representation under Part V, to regulations under subsection (8) below.

4

Subsection (1) above does not confer any right of selection in relation to proceedings under section 29 for the purposes of proceedings for contempt.

5

Where a court grants representation to a person for the purposes of proceedings for contempt, it may assign to him for the purposes of the proceedings any legal representativewho is within the precincts of the court at the time.

6

The selection by or assignment to a person of a legal representativeshall not prejudice the law and practice relating to the conduct of proceedings by a legal representativeor the circumstances in which a legal representativemay refuse or give up a case or entrust it to another.

7

Regulations may provide that the right conferred by subsection (1) above shall be exercisable only in relation to legal representativeswho are for the time being members of a prescribed panel.

8

Regulations may provide as respects representation under Part V that subsection (1) above shall not apply in cases of any prescribed description and that in any such case a prescribed authority shall assign one or more legal representativesin accordance with regulations under section 2(7) to the person entitled to receive such representation.

9

None of the following persons may be selected or assigned under this section—

a

a solicitor who is for the time being excluded from legal aid work under section 47(2) of the Solicitors Act 1974 (powers of Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal);

b

a barrister excluded from such work under section 42 of the Administration of Justice Act 1985 (exclusion of barristers from legal aid work);

c

any other legal representative excluded from such work for disciplinary reasons by an authorised body.

10

Notwithstanding subsection (1) above, a legal representativewho has been selected to act for a person under that subsection may himself select to act for that person, as the legal representative’sagent, any other legal representativewho is not for the time being excluded from selection.

33 Legal aid complaints against barristers and their exclusion from legal aid work.

The following sections shall be substituted for sections 41 and 42 of the Administration of Justice Act 1985—

41 Application to legal aid complaints against barristers of disciplinary provisions.1

The disciplinary provisions applicable to barristers shall apply to legal aid complaints relating to the conduct of barristers as they apply to other complaints about their conduct.

2

Subject to any exclusion or restriction made by those provisions, any disciplinary tribunal which hears a legal aid complaint relating to the conduct of a barrister may, if it thinks fit and whether or not it makes any other order, order that any fees—

a

otherwise payable in connection with his services under or in accordance with the Legal Aid Act 1988, or

b

otherwise chargeable in connection with his services in respect of advice or assistance made available under Part III of that Act,

shall be reduced or cancelled.

3

Accordingly, in so far as any of sections 9, 11, 15(6) and (7) and 25(2) of the Legal Aid Act 1988 (which relate to remuneration for legal aid work) has effect in relation to any fees reduced or cancelled by an order under subsection (2) above, it shall so have effect subject to the provisions of that order.

4

An appeal shall lie in the case of an order under subsection (2) above in the same manner as an appeal would lie in the case of any other order of such a tribunal.

5

The reference in subsection (2) above to a disciplinary tribunal is a reference to a tribunal acting under the disciplinary provisions applicable to barristers and it includes a reference to a member exercising any functions of the tribunal delegated to him.

42 Exclusion of barristers from legal aid work.1

Subject to any exclusion or restriction made by the disciplinary provisions applicable to barristers, where a disciplinary tribunal hears a charge of professional misconduct or breach of professional standards against a barrister, it may order that he shall be excluded from legal aid work, either temporarily or for a specified period, if it determines that there is good reason for the exclusion arising out of—

a

his conduct in connection with any such services as are mentioned in section 40(1), or

b

his professional conduct generally.

2

Subsection (4) of section 41 shall apply to an order under subsection (1) as it applies to an order under subsection (2) of that section.

3

The disciplinary provisions applicable to barristers shall include provision enabling a barrister who has been excluded from legal aid work under this section to apply for an order terminating his exclusion from such work.

4

In this section—

a

the reference to a disciplinary tribunal shall be construed in accordance with section 41(5); and

b

references to a person being excluded from legal aid work are references to his being excluded from those who may be selected or assigned under section 32 of the Legal Aid Act 1988.

34 Regulations.1

The Lord Chancellor may make such regulations as appear to him necessary or desirable for giving effect to this Act or for preventing abuses of it.

2

Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1) above, any such regulations may—

a

make provision as to the matters which are or are not to be treated as distinct matters for the purposes of advice or assistance under Part III, as to the proceedings which are or are not to be treated as distinct proceedings for the purposes of representation under Part IV, and as to the apportionment of sums recoverable or recovered by virtue of any order for costs made generally with respect to matters or proceedings treated as distinct;

b

regulate the procedure of any court or tribunal in relation to advice, assistance or representation under this Act or orders for costs made thereunder and authorise the delegation (subject to appeal) or the exercise of their functions by members, officers or other courts or the judges or members of other courts;

c

regulate the availability of advice, assistance or representation (other than for the purposes of proceedings for contempt) and the making of contributions towards its provision by reference to the financial resources or, in prescribed cases, the aggregate financial resources, of persons and provide for the courts, persons or bodies who are to determine the financial resources of persons and the persons who are to be required or permitted to furnish information for those purposes;

d

provide for the cases in which a person may be refused advice, assistance or representation or have the grant of it withdrawn or revoked by reason of his conduct when seeking or receiving advice, assistance or representation (whether in the same or a different matter);

e

make provision for the remuneration and payment of the expenses of legal representatives and for the courts, persons or bodies by whom, and the manner in which, any determinations which may be required for those purposes are to be made, reviewed or appealed;

f

make provision for the recovery of sums due to the Board and for making effective the charge created by this Act on property recovered or preserved for a legally assisted person and regulating the release or postponement of the enforcement of any charge (however created) in favour of the Board.

3

Regulations may also modify this Act for the purposes of its application to prescribed descriptions of persons or in prescribed circumstances.

4

Without prejudice to subsection (3) above, regulations may also modify this Act for the purposes of its application—

a

in cases where its modification appears to the Lord Chancellor necessary for the purpose of fulfilling any obligation imposed on the United Kingdom or Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom by any international agreement; or

b

in relation to proceedings for securing the recognition or enforcement in England and Wales of judgments given outside the United Kingdom for whose recognition or enforcement in the United Kingdom provision is made by any international agreement.

5

Regulations made for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2)(b) above may include provisions—

a

as to the determination of costs incurred in connection with proceedings not actually begun; and

b

as to the cases in which and extent to which a person receiving advice, assistance or representation may be required to give security for costs, and the manner in which it may be so given.

6

Regulations made for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2)(c) above may provide that the income or capital of a person in receipt of prescribed social security benefits is to be taken as not exceeding a prescribed amount.

7

Regulations made for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2)(e) above may include provisions—

a

imposing conditions for the allowance of remuneration and expenses;

b

attaching financial penalties in the event of appeals or reviews of determinations being unsuccessful;

c

authorising the making of interim payments of remuneration or in respect of expenses.

8

Regulations made for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2)(f) above may include provisions—

a

for the enforcement for the benefit of the Board of an order or agreement for costs made in favour of a legally assisted person;

b

for making a legal representative’sright to payment by the Board wholly or partly dependent on his performance of the duties imposed on him by regulations made for the purposes of that paragraph; and

c

requiring interest to be charged at a prescribed rate in circumstances where enforcement of a charge in favour of the Board is postponed.

9

The Lord Chancellor, in making regulations for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2)(e) above as respects any description of legal aid work, shall have regard, among the matters which are relevant, to—

a

the time and skill which it requires;

b

the general level of fee income arising from it;

c

the general level of expenses of legal representativeswhich is attributable to it;

d

the number and general level of competence of legal representativesundertaking it;

e

the effect of the regulations on the handling of the work; and

f

the cost to public funds of any provision made by the regulations.

10

Before making regulations for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2)(e) above, the Lord Chancellor shall consult the General Council of the Bar and the Law Society.

11

Regulations under this Act may make different provision for different descriptions of advice, assistance or representation, for different cases or classes of case, for different areas or for other different circumstances and for different descriptions of persons.

12

Before making regulations as to the procedure of any court or tribunal, the Lord Chancellor shall so far as practicable consult any rule committee or similar body by whom or on whose advice rules of procedure for the court or tribunal may be made apart from this provision or whose consent or concurrence is required to any such rules so made.

13

No regulations shall be made under this section which include provision for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2)(c) or (e) above except with the consent of the Treasury.

14

In subsection (6) above “social security benefits ” means any benefit provided under section 20(1) of the Social Security Act 1986 (income-related benefits).

35 Advisory Committee.1

The existing advisory committee shall continue in being to advise the Lord Chancellor on such questions relating to the provision of advice, assistance or representation under this Act as he may from time to time refer to them and to make recommendations or furnish comments to him on such matters as they consider appropriate.

2

Appointments to the committee by the Lord Chancellor, whether by way of replacing existing members or making additional appointments, shall be made so as to secure that the committee is constituted of persons having knowledge of the work of the courts and social conditions.

3

The Lord Chancellor may pay to the members of the advisory committee such travelling and other allowances as he may, with the consent of the Treasury, determine; and any expenses of the Lord Chancellor under this subsection shall be defrayed out of money provided by Parliament.

4

It shall be the duty of the advisory committee to provide to the Lord Chancellor, as soon as possible after 31st March in each year, a report containing any advice, recommendations or comments of theirs on questions or matters arising during the preceding twelve months.

5

The Lord Chancellor shall lay before each House of Parliament a copy of the annual report of the committee made to him under subsection (4) above.

6

The Lord Chancellor may, by order dissolve the advisory committee on such day as is specified in the order and on that day this section shall cease to have effect except as regards the defrayal out of money provided by Parliament of the allowances falling to be paid thereafter under subsection (3) above.

7

In this section “the existing advisory committee ” means the advisory committee in existence under section 21 of the Legal Aid Act 1974 at the passing of this Act.

36 Orders and regulations: general.1

Any power under this Act to make an order or regulations shall be exercisable by statutory instrument.

2

As respects orders under this Act other than orders under section 47—

a

except in the case of an order under section 3(4) and 35(6), any instrument containing the order shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament;

b

in the case of an order under section 3(4) or 35(6), no such order shall be made unless a draft of it has been laid before and approved by resolution of each House of Parliament.

3

As respects regulations under this Act—

a

except in the case of regulations under section 8, 14(2) and 32(7), any instrument containing the regulations shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament;

b

in the case of regulations under section 8, 14(2) or 32(7), no such regulations shall be made unless a draft of them has been laid before and approved by resolution of each House of Parliament.

37 Laying of Board’s annual reports before Parliament.

The Lord Chancellor shall lay before each House of Parliament a copy of the annual report of the Board made to him under section 5(3).

38 Restriction of disclosure of information.1

Subject to the following provisions of this section, no information furnished for the purposes of this Act to the Board or any court or other person or body of persons upon whom functions are imposed or conferred by regulations and so furnished in connection with the case of a person seeking or receiving advice, assistance or representation shall be disclosed otherwise than—

a

for the purpose of enabling or assisting the Lord Chancellor to perform his functions under or in relation to this Act,

b

for the purpose of enabling the Board to discharge its functions under this Act,

c

for the purpose of facilitating the proper performance by any court, tribunal or other person or body of persons of functions under this Act,

d

with a view to the institution of, or otherwise for the purposes of, any criminal proceedings for an offence under this Act,

e

in connection with any other proceedings under this Act, or

f

for the purpose of facilitating the proper performance by any tribunal of disciplinary functions as regards legal representatives.

2

This section does not apply to information in the form of a summary or collection of information so framed as not to enable information relating to any particular person to be ascertained from it.

3

Subsection (1) above shall not prevent the disclosure of information for any purpose with the consent of the person in connection with whose case it was furnished and, where he did not furnish it himself, with that of the person or body of persons who did.

4

A person who, in contravention of this section, discloses any information furnished to the Board or any court or other person or body of persons for the purposes of this Act shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.

5

Proceedings for an offence under this section shall not be brought without the written consent of the Attorney General.

6

For the avoidance of doubt it is hereby declared that information furnished to a legal representativeas such by or on behalf of a person seeking or receiving advice, assistance or representation under this Act is not information furnished to the Board or a person upon whom functions are imposed or conferred as mentioned in subsection (1) above.

39 Proceedings for misrepresentation etc.1

If any person seeking or receiving advice, assistance or representation under this Act—

a

intentionally fails to comply with regulations as to the information to be furnished by him, or

b

in furnishing any information required by regulations knowingly makes any false statement or false representation,

he shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or to both.

2

Notwithstanding anything in the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980, proceedings in respect of an offence under subsection (1) above may be brought at any time within the period of six months beginning with the date on which evidence sufficient in the opinion of the prosecutor to justify a prosecution comes to his knowledge.

3

Nothing in subsection (2) above shall authorise the commencement of proceedings for an offence at a time more than two years after the date on which the offence was committed.

4

A county court shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine any action brought by the Board to recover the loss sustained by it on account of its legal aid fund by reason of—

a

the failure of a person seeking or receiving advice, assistance or representation to comply with regulations as to the information to be furnished by him, or

b

a false statement or false representation made by such a person in furnishing information for the purposes of this Act,

. . .

40 Adaptation of rights of indemnity in cases of advice, assistance or representation in civil proceedings.1

This section shall have effect for the purpose of adapting in relation to Parts III and IV any right (however and whenever created or arising) which a person may have to be indemnified against expenses incurred by him.

2

In determining for the purposes of any such right the reasonableness of any expenses, the possibility of avoiding them or part of them by taking advantage of Part III or Part IV shall be disregarded.

3

Where a person having any such right to be indemnified against expenses incurred in connection with any proceedings receives in connection with those proceedings advice, assistance or representation then (without prejudice to the effect of the indemnity in relation to his contribution, if any, under section 9 or 16) the right shall enure also for the benefit of the Board as if any expenses incurred by the Board on his account in connection with the advice, assistance or representation had been incurred by him.

4

Where a person’s right to be indemnified enures for the benefit of the Board under subsection (3) above in a case where he has been represented in pursuance of a contract made with the Board on terms which do not differentiate between the remuneration for his and other cases, the reference in that subsection to any expenses incurred by the Board on his account shall be construed as a reference to such part of the remuneration payable under the contract as may be specified in writing by the Board.

5

Where—

a

a person’s right to be indemnified against expenses incurred in connection with any proceedings arises by virtue of an agreement and is subject to any express condition conferring on those liable under it any right with respect to the bringing or conduct of the proceedings, and

b

those liable have been given a reasonable opportunity of exercising the right so conferred and have not availed themselves of the opportunity,

the right to be indemnified shall be treated for the purpose of subsection (3) above as not being subject to that condition.

6

Nothing in subsections (3) and (5) above shall be taken as depriving any person or body of persons of the protection of any enactment or, except as provided in subsection (5), as conferring any larger right to recover money in respect of any expenses than the person receiving advice, assistance or representation would have had if the expenses had been incurred by him.

41 Application to Crown.

This Act binds the Crown.

42 Finance.1

The Lord Chancellor shall pay to the Board out of money provided by Parliament—

a

such sums as are required (after allowing for payments by the Board into its legal aid fund under paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d) and (f) of section 6(3)) to meet the payments which, under subsection (2) of that section, are to be paid by the Board out of that fund; and

b

such sums as he may, with the approval of the Treasury, determine are required for the other expenditure of the Board.

2

The Lord Chancellor may, with the approval of the Treasury—

a

determine the manner in which and times at which the sums referred to in subsection (1)(a) above shall be paid to the Board; and

b

impose conditions on the payment of the sums referred to in subsection (1)(b) above.

43 Definitions.

In this Act—

advice ”, “assistance ” and “representation ” have the meanings assigned to them by section 2(2), (3) and (4) respectively subject, however, to the other provisions of that section;

authorised body ” has the meaning assigned by section 119(1) of the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990;

the Board ” has the meaning assigned to it by section 3(1);

determination ”, in relation to the costs of advice or assistance or representation for the purposes of proceedings, includes taxation and assessment;

financial resources ”, in relation to any person, includes any valuable facility which is available to him;

legal representative ” means an authorised advocate or authorised litigator, as defined by section 119(1) of the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990;

order for costs ” includes any judgment, order, decree, award or direction for the payment of the costs of one party to any proceedings by another party, whether given or made in those proceedings or not;

prescribed ” means prescribed by regulations made by the Lord Chancellor under this Act;

proceedings for contempt ” has the meaning assigned to it by section 29(1);

regulations ” means regulations made by the Lord Chancellor under this Act;

sentence ”, in relation to a person, includes any order made on his conviction of an offence;

solicitor ” means solicitor of the Supreme Court;

statutory inquiry ” has the meaning assigned to it by section 19(1) of the Tribunals and Inquiries Act 1971; and

tribunal ” includes an arbitrator or umpire, however appointed, and whether the arbitration takes place under a reference by consent or otherwise.

Part VIII Miscellaneous Scottish provisions
44 Scottish provisions.

The Legal Aid (Scotland) Act 1986 shall have effect subject to the amendments specified in Schedule 4 to this Act.

Supplementary
45 Amendments, repeals and transitional provisions.1

The enactments specified in Schedule 5 to this Act shall have effect subject to the amendments there specified.

2

Subject to subsection (4) below, the enactments specified in Schedule 6 to this Act are repealed to the extent specified in the third column of that Schedule.

3

Where any enactment amended or repealed by subsection (1) or (2) above extends to the United Kingdom or any part of it, the amendment or repeal has a corresponding extent.

4

Schedule 7 to this Act shall have effect for the purpose of making the transitional and saving provisions set out there.

46 Amendments of Legal Aid Act 1974 pending repeal.

The Legal Aid Act 1974 shall have effect subject to the amendments specified in Schedule 8 to this Act.

47 Short title, commencement and extent.1

This Act may be cited as the Legal Aid Act 1988.

2

Subject to subsections (3) and (4) below, this Act shall come into force on such day as the Lord Chancellor appoints by order and different days may be appointed for different provisions.

3

Section 44 and Schedule 4 shall come into force on such day as the Secretary of State appoints by order and different days may be appointed for different provisions.

4

Sections 35 (together with the repeal of section 21 of the Legal Aid Act 1974) and 46 shall come into force on the date on which this Act is passed.

5

An order under subsection (2) or (3) above may contain such transitional and saving provisions as appear to the Lord Chancellor or, as the case may be, the Secretary of State necessary or expedient.

6

This Act, with the exception of sections 12(3) and 17(3), section 44 and Schedule 4 and the amendments or repeals of the enactments referred to in section 45(3), extends to England and Wales only and section 44 and Schedule 4 extend to Scotland only.

SCHEDULESSCHEDULE 1

Section 3.

The Legal Aid Board Incorporation and Status1

The Board shall be a body corporate.

2

The Board shall not be regarded as the servant or agent of the Crown or as enjoying any status, immunity or privilege of the Crown; and the Board’s property shall not be regarded as property of, or held on behalf of, the Crown.

Tenure of Members3

Subject to paragraphs 4 and 5 any member of the Board shall hold and vacate office in accordance with the terms of his appointment, but a person shall not be appointed a member of the Board for a period of more than 5 years.

41

The chairman or a member may resign office by giving notice in writing to the Lord Chancellor, and if the chairman ceases to be a member he shall cease to be the chairman.

2

A person who ceases to be the chairman or a member shall be eligible for reappointment.

5

The Lord Chancellor may terminate the appointment of a member of the Board if satisfied that—

a

he has become bankrupt or made an arrangement with his creditors;

b

he is unable to carry out his duties as a Board member by reason of physical or mental illness;

c

he has been absent from meetings of the Board for a period longer than six consecutive months without the permission of the Board; or

d

he is otherwise unable or unfit to discharge the functions of a member of the Board.

Members’ interests61

Before appointing a person to be a member of the Board, the Lord Chancellor shall satisfy himself that that person will have no such financial or other interest as is likely to affect prejudicially the exercise or performance by him of his functions as a member of the Board.

2

The Lord Chancellor shall from time to time satisfy himself with respect to every member of the Board that he has no such interest as is referred to in sub-paragraph (1) above.

3

Any person whom the Lord Chancellor proposes to appoint as, and who has consented to be, a member of the Board, and any member of the Board, shall, whenever requested by the Lord Chancellor to do so, supply him with such information as the Lord Chancellor considers necessary for the performance by the Lord Chancellor of his duties under this paragraph.

71

A member of the Board who is in any way directly or indirectly interested in a contract made or proposed to be made by the Board shall disclose the nature of his interest at a meeting of the Board; and the disclosure shall be recorded in the minutes of the Board, and the member shall not take any part in any deliberation or decision of the Board with respect to that contract.

2

For the purposes of sub-paragraph (1) above, a general notice given at a meeting of the Board by a member of the Board to the effect that he is a member of a specified company or firm and is to be regarded as interested in any contract which may, after the date of the notice, be made with the company or firm shall be regarded as a sufficient disclosure of his interest in relation to any contract so made.

3

A member of the Board need not attend in person at a meeting of the Board in order to make any disclosure which he is required to make under this paragraph if he takes reasonable steps to secure that the disclosure is made by a notice which is brought up and read out at the meeting.

Remuneration of members81

The Board may—

a

pay to its members such remuneration; and

b

make provision for the payment of such pensions, allowances or gratuities to or in respect of its members,

as the Lord Chancellor may, with the approval of the Treasury, determine.

2

Where a person ceases to be a member of the Board otherwise than on the expiry of his term of office, and it appears to the Lord Chancellor that there are special circumstances which make it right for that person to receive compensation, the Lord Chancellor may, with the consent of the Treasury, direct the Board to make that person a payment of such amount as the Lord Chancellor may, with the consent of the Treasury, determine.

Staff91

The Board shall appoint a person to be the chief executive of the Board who shall be responsible to the Board for the exercise of its functions.

2

The Board may appoint such other employees as it thinks fit.

3

The Board may only appoint a person to be its chief executive or the holder of any other employment of a specified description after consultation with, and subject to the approval of, the Lord Chancellor.

4

The reference in sub-paragraph (3) above to employment of a specified description is a reference to any employment for the time being specified by the Lord Chancellor in a direction given for the purposes of that sub-paragraph.

5

An appointment under this paragraph may be made on such terms and conditions as the Board, with the approval of the Lord Chancellor and consent of the Treasury, may determine.

101

The Board shall make, in respect of such of its employees as, with the approval of the Lord Chancellor and the consent of the Treasury, it may determine such arrangements for providing pensions, allowances or gratuities, including pensions, allowances or gratuities by way of compensation for loss of employment, as it may determine.

2

Arrangements under sub-paragraph (1) above may include the establishment and administration, by the Board or otherwise, of one or more pension schemes.

3

If an employee of the Board—

a

becomes a member of the Board; and

b

was by reference to his employment by the Board a participant in a pension scheme established and administered by it for the benefit of its employees,

the Board may determine that his service as a member shall be treated for the purposes of the scheme as service as an employee of the Board whether or not any benefits are to be payable to or in respect of him by virtue of paragraph 8.

4

Where the Board exercises the power conferred by sub-paragraph (3) above, any discretion as to the benefits payable to or in respect of the member concerned which the scheme confers on the Board shall be exercised only with the approval of the Lord Chancellor and consent of the Treasury.

Proceedings111

Subject to anything in regulations, the Board may regulate its own proceedings.

2

The Board may make such arrangements as it considers appropriate for the discharge of its functions, including the delegation of specified functions and shall make such arrangements for the delegation of functions to committees and persons as may be prescribed.

3

Subject to anything in regulations, committees may be appointed and may be dissolved by the Board, and may include, or consist entirely of, persons who are not members of the Board.

4

A committee shall act in accordance with such directions as the Board may from time to time give, and the Board may provide for anything done by a committee to have effect as if it had been done by the Board.

5

The validity of any proceedings of the Board or of any committee appointed by the Board shall not be affected by any vacancy among its members or by any defect in the appointment of any member.

Instruments121

The fixing of the seal of the Board shall be authenticated by the chairman or another member of the Board and by some other person authorised either generally or specially by the Board to act for that purpose.

2

A document purporting to be duly executed under the seal of the Board, or to be signed on the Board’s behalf, shall be received in evidence and, unless the contrary is proved, be deemed to be so executed or signed.

Allowances13

The Board may pay to the members of any committee such fees and allowances as the Lord Chancellor may, with the consent of the Treasury, determine.

SCHEDULE 2

Section 14.

Civil Proceedings: Scope of Part IV RepresentationPart I Description of Proceedings1

Proceedings in, or before any person to whom a case is referred in whole or in part by, any of the following courts, namely—

a

the House of Lords in the exercise of its jurisdiction in relation to appeals from courts in England and Wales;

b

the Court of Appeal;

c

the High Court;

d

any county court.

2

The following proceedings in a magistrates’ court, namely—

a

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

b

proceedings under section 43 of the National Assistance Act 1948, section 22 of the Maintenance Orders Act 1950, section 4 of the Maintenance Orders Act 1958, or section 18 of the Supplementary Benefits Act 1976;

c

proceedings in relation to an application for leave of the court to remove a child from a person’s custody under section 27 or 28 of the Adoption Act 1976 or proceedings in which the making of an order under Part II or section 29 or 55 of the Adoption Act 1976 is opposed by any party to the proceedings;

d

proceedings under Part I of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 relating to a maintenance order made by a court of a country outside the United Kingdom;

e

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

f

proceedings for or in relation to an order under Part I of the Domestic Proceedings and Magistrates’ Courts Act 1978.

g

proceedings under the Children Act 1989.

3

Proceedings in the Employment Appeal Tribunal.

4

Proceedings in the Lands Tribunal.

5

Proceedings before a Commons Commissioner appointed under section 17(1) of the Commons Registration Act 1965.

6

Proceedings in the Restrictive Practices Court under Part III of the Fair Trading Act 1973, and any proceedings in that court in consequence of an order made, or undertaking given to the court, under that Part of that Act.

Part II Excepted proceedings1

Proceedings wholly or partly in respect of defamation, but so that the making of a counterclaim for defamation in proceedings for which representation may be granted shall not of itself affect any right of the defendant to the counterclaim to representation for the purposes of the proceedings and so that representation may be granted to enable him to defend the counterclaim.

2

Relator actions.

3

Proceedings for the recovery of a penalty where the proceedings may be taken by any person and the whole or part of the penalty is payable to the person taking the proceedings.

4

Election petitions under the Representation of the People Act 1983.

5

In a county court, proceedings for or consequent on the issue of a judgment summons and, in the case of a defendant, proceedings where the only question to be brought before the court is as to the time and mode of payment by him of a debt (including liquidated damages) and costs.

5A

Proceedings for a decree of divorce or judicial separation unless the cause is defended, or the petition is directed to be heard in open court, or it is not practicable by reason of physical or mental incapacity for the applicant to proceed without representation; except that representation shall be available for the purpose of making or opposing an application—

a

for an injunction;

b

for ancillary relief, excluding representation for the purpose only of inserting a prayer for ancillary relief in the petition;

c

for an order relating to the custody of (or access to) a child, or the education or care or supervision of a child, excluding representation for the purpose only of making such an application where there is no reason to believe that the application will be opposed;

d

for an order declaring that the court is satisfied as to arrangements for the welfare of the children of the family, excluding representation for the purpose only of making such an application where there is no reason to believe that the application will be opposed; or

e

for the purpose of making or opposing any other application, or satisfying the court on any other matter which raises a substantial question for determination by the court.

5B

Proceedings to the extent that they consist in, or arise out of, an application to the court under section 235A of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992.

6

Proceedings incidental to any proceedings excepted by this Part of this Schedule.

SCHEDULE 3

Sections 24 and 30.

Criminal proceedings: Enforcement of Contribution OrdersPart I Orders made by a court Collecting court1

In this Part “collecting court ”, in relation to a contribution order, means a magistrates’ court specified in the order; and the court so specified shall be—

a

in a case where the court making the order is itself a magistrates’ court, that court;

b

in a case where the order is made on an appeal from a magistrates’ court, or in respect of a person who was committed (whether for trial or otherwise by a magistrates’ court) to the Crown Court, the court from which the appeal is brought or, as the case may be, which committed him; and

c

in any other case, a magistrates’ court nominated by the court making the order.

Enforcement proceedings21

Any sum required to be paid by a contribution order shall be recoverable as if it had been adjudged to be paid by an order of the collecting court, subject to and in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph.

2

Sections 17 (not more than one committal for same arrears) and 18 (power to review committal) of the Maintenance Orders Act 1958 shall apply as if a contribution order were a maintenance order.

3

The collecting court may exercise, in relation to a contribution order, the power conferred by section 75 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (power to dispense with immediate payment); and for the purposes of that section any provisions made by the authority which made the order as to time for payment, or payment by instalments, shall be treated as made by the collecting court.

4

The following provisions of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 shall apply as if a contribution order were enforceable as an affiliation order—

section 80 (application of money found on defaulter to satisfy sum adjudged);

section 93 (complaint for arrears);

section 94 (effect of committal on arrears); and

section 95 (power to remit arrears).

5

Any costs awarded under section 64 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 on the hearing of a complaint for the enforcement of a contribution order shall be enforceable as a sum required to be paid by that order.

31

Without prejudice to paragraph 2, any sum required to be paid by a contribution order shall be enforceable by the High Court or a county court as if the sum were due to the clerk of the collecting court in pursuance of a judgment or order of the High Court or county court, as the case may be.

2

The clerk of the collecting court shall not take proceedings by virtue of this paragraph unless authorised to do so by the court.

3

This paragraph shall not authorise—

a

the enforcement of a sum required to be paid by a contribution order by issue of a writ of fieri facias or other process against goods or by imprisonment or attachment of earnings; . . .

b

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41

Any expenses incurred by the clerk of a magistrates’ court in recovering any sum required to be paid by a contribution order shall be treated for the purposes of Part VI of the Justices of the Peace Act 1979 as expenses of the magistrates’ courts committee.

2

Any sum paid to a clerk of a magistrates’ court in or towards satisfaction of a liability imposed by a contribution order shall be paid by him to the Lord Chancellor and section 61(4) of the Justices of the Peace Act 1979 (regulations as to accounts of justices’ clerks) shall apply in relation to sums payable to the Lord Chancellor under this sub-paragraph as it applies in relation to sums payable to the Secretary of State under that section.

Transfer of enforcement proceedings to different court51

Where in relation to any contribution order it appears to the collecting court that the person subject to it is residing in a petty sessions area other than that for which the court acts, the court may make an order under this paragraph (“a transfer order ”) with respect to the contribution order specifying the other petty sessions area.

2

Where a court makes a transfer order in relation to any contribution order—

a

payment under the contribution order shall be enforceable in the petty sessions area specified in the transfer order; and

b

as from the date of the transfer order, a magistrates’ court for that petty sessions area shall be substituted for the court which made the transfer order as the collecting court in relation to the contribution order.

Limitations on enforcement by proceedings6

Any sum due under a contribution order shall not be recoverable, and payment of any such sum shall not be enforced, under paragraph 2 or 3 until—

a

the conclusion of the proceedings for the purposes of which the relevant grant of representation was made; or

b

if earlier, the revocation or withdrawal of the relevant grant of representation.

7

Where a contribution order has been made in respect of a member of Her Majesty’s armed forces and the Secretary of State notifies the collecting court that any sum payable under the order will be recovered by deductions from the person’s pay, the collecting court shall not enforce payment of any sum unless and until the Secretary of State subsequently notifies it that the person is no longer a member of those forces and that sum has not been fully recovered.

Power to defer enforcement proceedings8

The collecting court may defer recovering any sum due under a contribution order if—

a

an appeal is pending in respect of the proceedings for the purposes of which the relevant grant of representation was made; or

b

the person granted representation has been ordered to be retried.

Interpretation9

In this Part—

a

relevant grant of representation ”, in relation to a contribution order, means the grant of representation in connection with which the order was made; and

b

references to the proceedings for the purposes of which a grant of representation has been made include, where the proceedings are proceedings before a magistrates’ court which result—

i

in the legally assisted person being committed to the Crown Court for trial or sentence, or

ii

in his case being remitted to a juvenile court in pursuance of section 56(1) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933,

the proceedings before the Crown Court or that juvenile court.

Part II Orders made by the Board Limitations on enforcement by proceedings101

Any sum due under a contribution order shall not be recoverable, and payment of any such sum shall not be enforced until—

a

the conclusion of the proceedings for the purposes of which the relevant grant of representation was made; or

b

if earlier, the revocation or withdrawal of the relevant grant of representation.

2

In this paragraph—

a

relevant grant of representation ”, in relation to a contribution order, means the grant of representation in connection with which the order was made; and

b

the reference to the proceedings for the purposes of which the relevant grant of representation was made includes, where the proceedings are proceedings before a magistrates’ court which result—

i

in the legally assisted person being committed to the Crown Court for trial or sentence, or

ii

in his case being remitted to a juvenile court in pursuance of section 56(1) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933,

the proceedings before the Crown Court or that juvenile court.

11

Where a contribution order has been made in respect of a member of Her Majesty’s armed forces and the Secretary of State notifies the Board that any sum payable under the order will be recovered by deductions from the person’s pay, the Board shall not enforce payment of any sum unless and until the Secretary of State subsequently notifies it that the person is no longer a member of those forces and that sum has not been fully recovered.

SCHEDULE 4

Section 44.

Amendments of Legal Aid (Scotland) Act 1986 (c. 47)Part IDirect payment of fees and outlays by legally assisted person1

In section 4(2) (payments out of the Scottish Legal Aid Fund)—

a

in paragraph (a), after the word “due ” there shall be inserted the words “out of the Fund ”.

b

in paragraph (c), the words “for the purposes of this Act ” are repealed.

2

In section 16—

a

subsection (1) is repealed;

b

in subsection (2), the words “In this section and ” are repealed.

3

In section 17 (contributions, etc.)—

a

in subsection (1), for the words from “by the Board ” to “the Fund ” there shall be substituted the words “to contribute to the fees and outlays incurred by them (or on their behalf) ”;

b

subsections (3) to (8) are repealed;

c

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

In section 32 (a) (restriction on payment etc.), the words “, out of the Fund ” are repealed.

5

In section 33 (fees and outlays of solicitors and counsel) in subsection (1), for the words from “out ” to the end there shall be substituted the words—

in respect of any fees or outlays properly incurred by him in so acting—

a

by the person concerned, to the extent to which a contribution has been determined for him under section 17 of this Act;

b

to the extent that such fees and outlays exceed any such contribution out of the Fund in accordance with section 4(2)(a) of this Act.

6

In section 36(2) (regulations), in paragraph (b) at end add—

and the power to substitute different amounts for the amount specified in section 10(2) of this Act includes power to substitute different amounts in relation to different cases or classes of case

.

Part IILiability of legally assisted person for expenses to be assessed in all cases7

In section 18 (expenses)—

a

subsection (1) is repealed;

b

in subsection (2), for the words “in proceedings to which this section applies ”, there shall be substituted the words “in any proceedings ”.

8

In section 19(1) (expenses out of the Fund), for the words “to which this section applies ” there shall be substituted the words “to which a legally assisted person is party and which are finally decided in favour of an unassisted party ”.

9

In section 20(1) (supplementary), for the words “sections 18 and ” there shall be substituted the word “section ”.

Part IIIBoard’s property to be rateable10

In Schedule 1, paragraph 2(4) is repealed.

SCHEDULE 5

Section 45.

Minor and Consequential Amendments Public Records Act 1958 (c. 51)1

In Schedule 1 to the Public Records Act 1958 (definition of public records), there shall be inserted at the end of Part I of the Table at the end of paragraph 3 the following entry—

Lord Chancellor’s Department.

Legal Aid Board.

Parliamentary Commissioner Act 1967 (c. 13)2

In Schedule 2 to the Parliamentary Commissioner Act 1967 (which lists the bodies subject to the jurisdiction of the Parliamentary Commissioner), there shall be inserted (at the appropriate place in alphabetical order) the following entry—

Legal Aid Board.

Attachment of Earnings Act 1971 (c. 32)3

In section 25(1) of the Attachment of Earnings Act 1971, for the words “section 7 or 8(2) of the Legal Aid Act 1982 ” there shall be substituted the words “section 23 of the Legal Aid Act 1988 ”.

House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 (c. 24)4

In Part III of Schedule 1 to the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 (other disqualifying offices), there shall be inserted (at the appropriate places in alphabetical order) the following entries—

Chairman of the Legal Aid Board.

Member of the Legal Aid Board.

Northern Ireland Assembly Disqualification Act 1975 (c. 25)5

In Part III of Schedule 1 to the Northern Ireland Assembly Disqualification Act 1975 (other disqualifying offices), there shall be inserted (at the appropriate places in alphabetical order) the following entries—

Chairman of the Legal Aid Board.

Member of the Legal Aid Board.

Sex Discrimination Act 1975 (c. 65)6

In section 75(4) of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975—

a

for the words “Legal Aid Act 1974 ” there shall be substituted the words “Legal Aid Act 1988 ”; and

b

for the words “any of those Acts for payment of any sum into the legal aid fund ” there shall be substituted the words “either of those Acts for payment of any sum to the Legal Aid Board or into the Scottish Legal Aid Fund ”.

Race Relations Act 1976 (c. 74)7

In section 66(6) of the Race Relations Act 1976—

a

for the words “Legal Aid Act 1974 ” there shall be substituted the words “Legal Aid Act 1988 ”; and

b

for the words “any of those Acts for payment of any sum into the legal aid fund ” there shall be substituted the words “either of those Acts for payment of any sum to the Legal Aid Board or into the Scottish Legal Aid Fund ”.

Child Care Act 1980 (c. 5)8

In section 21A of the Child Care Act 1980, after subsection (8), there shall be inserted the following subsection—

9

In this section “legal aid ” means representation for the purposes of care proceedings under Part VI of the Legal Aid Act 1988.

Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (c. 43)9

In section 92(1)(b) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980, for the words “section 7 or 8(2) of the Legal Aid Act 1982 ” there shall be substituted the words “section 23 of the Legal Aid Act 1988 ”.

Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54)10

In section 47(7) of the Supreme Court Act 1981, for the words “legal aid contribution order made under section 7 or 8(2) of the Legal Aid Act 1982 ” there shall be substituted the words “contribution order made under section 23 of the Legal Aid Act 1988 ”.

Telecommunications Act 1984 (c. 12)11

In section 52 of the Telecommunications Act 1984, the following subsection shall be substituted for subsection (5)—

5

A charge conferred by subsection (4) above is subject to—

a

any charge under the Legal Aid Act 1988 and any provision of that Act for payment of any sum to the Legal Aid Board;

b

any charge or obligation for payment in priority to other debts under the Legal Aid (Scotland) Act 1986 and any provision of that Act for payment of any sum into the Scottish Legal Aid Fund; or

c

any charge under the Legal Aid, Advice and Assistance (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 and any provision of that Order for payment of any sum into the legal aid fund.

Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 (c. 23)12

In section 19(2)(b) of the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985, the words “(including any legal aid order) ” shall be omitted and at the end of that paragraph there shall be inserted the words “or any grant of representation for the purposes of the proceedings which has been made under the Legal Aid Act 1988. ”

13

In section 20(2) of that Act, for the words “out of the legal aid fund or ” there shall be substituted the words “by the Legal Aid Board or out of ”.

14

In section 21(1) of that Act, for the definition of “legally assisted person ” there shall be substituted the following—

legally assisted person ”, in relation to any proceedings, means a person to whom representation under the Legal Aid Act 1988 has been granted for the purposes of the proceedings;

.

15

In section 21 of that Act, after subsection (4), there shall be inserted the following subsection—

4A

Where one party to any proceedings is a legally assisted person then—

a

for the purposes of sections 16 and 17 of this Act, his costs shall be taken not to include either the expenses incurred on his behalf by the Legal Aid Board or the Lord Chancellor or, if he is liable to make a contribution under section 23 of the Legal Aid Act 1988, any sum paid or payable by way of contribution; and

b

for the purposes of sections 18 and 19 of this Act, his costs shall be taken to include the expenses incurred on his behalf by the Legal Aid Board or the Lord Chancellor (without any deduction on account of any contribution paid or payable under section 23 of the Legal Aid Act 1988) but, if he is liable to make such a contribution his costs shall be taken not to include any sum paid or payable by way of contribution.

Child Abduction and Custody Act 1985 (c. 60)16

In section 11 of the Child Abduction and Custody Act 1985, for the words “Part I of the Legal Aid Act 1974 ” there shall be substituted the words “Part III or IV of the Legal Aid Act 1988 ”.

Administration of Justice Act 1985 (c. 61)17

In section 40 of the Administration of Justice Act 1985 (preliminary provisions concerning legal aid complaints), for the words from the beginning of paragraph (a) to the end there shall be substituted the words “the provision for any person of services under the Legal Aid Act 1988 including, in the case of a solicitor, provision for any person of such services in the capacity of agent for that person’s solicitor. ”

18

In section 43 of that Act (jurisdiction and powers of Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal in relation to complaints against solicitors)—

a

in subsection (3), for paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) there shall be substituted the following—

a

otherwise payable under or in accordance with the Legal Aid Act 1988, or

b

otherwise chargeable in respect of advice or assistance made available under Part III of that Act;

and

b

in subsection (4), for paragraphs (a) and (b) there shall be substituted the words “any of sections 9, 11, 15(6) and (7) and 25(2) of, or any provision made under, the Legal Aid Act 1988 ”.

19

In section 44 of that Act—

a

in subsection (3), in the inserted subsection (2A), for the words from the beginning of paragraph (a) to the end there shall be substituted the words—

a

his conduct, including conduct in the capacity of agent for another solicitor, in connection with the provision for any person of services under the Legal Aid Act 1988; or

b

his professional conduct generally.

; and

b

in subsection (4), in the inserted subsection (6), for the words from “each ” to the end there shall be substituted the words “those who may be selected or assigned for the purpose of providing for any person services under the Legal Aid Act 1988. ”

Housing Act 1985 (c. 68)20

In section 170(5) of the Housing Act 1985—

a

for the words “Legal Aid Act 1974 ” there shall be substituted the words “Legal Aid Act 1988 ”; and

b

for the words “into the legal aid fund ” there shall be substituted the words “to the Legal Aid Board ”.

Family Law Act 1986 (c. 55)21

Section 64 of the Family Law Act 1986 (family proceedings rules) shall cease to have effect.

Criminal Justice Act 1987 (c. 38)22

In section 4(1) of the Criminal Justice Act 1987, for the words “section 28(7A) of the Legal Aid Act 1974 ” there shall be substituted the words “section 20(4) of the Legal Aid Act 1988 ”.

SCHEDULE 6

Section 45.

Repeals

1967 c. 80.

The Criminal Justice Act 1967.

Section 90.

1974 c. 4.

The Legal Aid Act 1974.

The whole Act.

1974 c. 47.

The Solicitors Act 1974.

Section 75(d).

In Schedule 3, paragraph 10.

1975 c. 72.

The Children Act 1975.

Section 65.

In Schedule 3, paragraph 82.

1976 c. 36.

The Adoption Act 1976.

In Schedule 3, paragraph 18.

1976 c. 63.

The Bail Act 1976.

Section 11.

1976 c. 71.

The Supplementary Benefits Act 1976.

In Schedule 7, paragraphs 33 and 35.

1977 c. 38.

The Administration of Justice Act 1977.

In Schedule 1, Part I.

1977 c. 45.

The Criminal Law Act 1977.

In Schedule 12, the entry relating to the Legal Aid Act 1974.

1978 c. 22.

The Domestic Proceedings and Magistrates’ Courts Act 1978.

In Schedule 2, paragraphs 45 and 52.

1979 c. 26.

The Legal Aid Act 1979.

The whole Act.

1979 c. 55.

The Justices of the Peace Act 1979.

In Schedule 2, paragraph 27.

1980 c. 5.

The Child Care Act 1980.

In Schedule 5, paragraph 36.

1980 c. 30.

The Social Security Act 1980.

In Schedule 4, paragraph 9.

1980 c. 43.

The Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.

In Schedule 7, paragraphs 126 to 129.

1981 c. 49.

The Contempt of Court Act 1981.

Section 13.

In Schedule 2, Part I.

1982 c. 27.

The Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982.

Section 40(1).

1982 c. 44.

The Legal Aid Act 1982.

The whole Act.

1982 c. 48.

The Criminal Justice Act 1982.

Section 25(2).

Section 29(3).

Section 60(4).

1983 c. 41.

The Health and Social Services and Social Security Adjudications Act 1983.

In Schedule 1, paragraph 3.

1984 c. 42.

The Matrimonial and Family Proceedings Act 1984.

In Schedule 1, paragraph 18.

1984 c. 60.

The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984.

Section 59.

1985 c. 23.

The Prosecution of Offences Act 1985.

Section 16(8).

In section 19(2)(b), the words “(including any legal aid order) ”.

In section 21(1), the definition of “legal aid order ”.

1985 c. 61.

The Administration of Justice Act 1985.

Sections 45 and 46.

In Schedule 7, paragraphs 1 to 3.

1986 c. 28.

The Children and Young Persons (Amendment) Act 1986.

Section 3(3).

1986 c. 47.

The Legal Aid (Scotland) Act 1986.

In section 4(2)(c), the words “for the purposes of this Act ”.

In section 16, subsection (1) and, in subsection (2), the words “in this section and ”.

In section 17, subsections (3) to (8).

Section 18(1).

In section 32(a), the words “, out of the Fund ”.

In Schedule 1, paragraph 2(4).

1986 c. 50.

The Social Security Act 1986.

In Schedule 10, paragraphs 46, 47 and 56.

1986 c. 55.

The Family Law Act 1986.

Section 64.

1987 c. 38.

The Criminal Justice Act 1987.

In Schedule 2, paragraphs 7 and 8.

SCHEDULE 7

Section 45.

Transition Preliminary1

In this Schedule— “the 1974 Act ” means the Legal Aid Act 1974; and

the appointed day ” means the day appointed by the Lord Chancellor under section 47(2) of this Act for the coming into force of section 3(2) thereof.

The Legal Aid Fund21

On the appointed day the legal aid fund (“the Old Fund ”) maintained by the Law Society under section 17 of the 1974 Act shall be wound up.

2

If, as at the appointed day, after taking account of all receipts and expenses of the Law Society attributable to their functions under the 1974 Act and the Legal Aid Act 1982 (“the 1982 Act ”), there is in relation to the Old Fund any surplus or deficit—

a

such surplus shall be paid by the Law Society to the Lord Chancellor; and

b

such deficit shall be made up by payment to the Law Society by the Lord Chancellor of the amount of the deficit.

3

Notwithstanding their repeal by this Act—

a

sections 15(9) and 18 of the 1974 Act shall continue to have effect for the purposes of requiring the Law Society to account for the Old Fund and to report on the discharge of its functions under that Act up to the appointed day; and

b

section 17(5) of that Act shall continue to have effect for the purposes of any determination as to the expenses or receipts of the Law Society;

and, if the appointed day falls on a day which is not the last day of the financial year (for the purposes of the said section 18), references in those sections to the financial year shall be construed as references to the period commencing on the day immediately following the end of the last complete financial year and ending with the appointed day.

4

The Lord Chancellor shall pay to the Law Society such expenses incurred after the appointed day in connection with their functions under sections 15(9) and 18 of the 1974 Act as appear to him to be reasonable.

5

Any payments received by the Lord Chancellor under sub-paragraph (2)(a) above shall be paid by him into the legal aid fund established by the Board under section 6.

6

Any amount required to be paid by the Lord Chancellor under sub-paragraph (2)(b) or (4) above shall be defrayed out of money provided by Parliament.

Rights, obligations and property31

Subject to paragraph 2, on the appointed day all rights, obligations and property of the Law Society which are referable to its functions under the 1974 Act and the 1982 Act shall become rights, obligations and property of the Board.

2

Any payments which are required to be made into or out of the Old Fund in connection with legal aid or advice or assistance under the 1974 Act shall, on and after the appointed day, be paid to or by the Board.

Transfer of functions41

Any grant of legal aid under Part I of the 1974 Act which is in force immediately before the appointed day shall, on and after the appointed day, have effect as a grant by the Board of representation under Part IV of this Act.

2

Any approval given in connection with the grant of legal aid or advice or assistance under Part I of the 1974 Act which is in force immediately before the appointed day shall, on and after the appointed day, have effect as an approval by the Board in connection with the corresponding advice, assistance or representation under Part III or IV of this Act.

3

Anything which, immediately before the appointed day, is in the process of being done by or in relation to the Law Society in connection with any function which it has relating to legal aid or advice or assistance under Part I of the 1974 Act, may be continued, on and after the appointed day, by or in relation to the Board.

Legal aid contribution orders5

Notwithstanding their repeal by this Act, the provisions of the 1974 Act and the 1982 Act with respect to legal aid contribution orders shall continue to have effect in relation to any such order made in connection with a legal aid order made by virtue of section 28(11A) of the 1974 Act (legal aid for proceedings for contempt).

The Board: transfers of employment61

The Board shall make, not later than such date as the Lord Chancellor may determine, an offer of employment by the Board to such of the persons employed immediately before that date by the Law Society for the purpose of their functions under the 1974 Act as fall within such descriptions as the Lord Chancellor designates for the purposes of this paragraph or are persons whom the Board wishes to employ.

2

The terms of the offer shall be such that they are, taken as a whole, not less favourable to the person to whom the offer is made than the terms on which he is employed on the date on which the offer is made.

3

An offer made in pursuance of this paragraph shall not be revocable during the period of 3 months commencing with the date on which it is made.

71

Where a person becomes an employee of the Board on acceptance of an offer made under paragraph 6, then, for the purposes of the Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978, his period of employment with the Law Society shall count as a period of employment by the Board, and the change of employment shall not break the continuity of the period of employment.

2

Where an offer is made under paragraph 6 to any person, none of the agreed redundancy procedures applicable to employees of the Law Society shall apply to him.

3

Where a person employed by the Law Society ceases to be so employed—

a

on becoming a member of the staff of the Board on accepting an offer under paragraph 6, or

b

having unreasonably refused such an offer,

Part VI of the Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978 shall not apply to him and he shall not be treated for the purposes of any scheme in force under section 19 of the 1974 Act as having been retired on redundancy.

4

Where a person to whom an offer under paragraph 6 has been made continues in employment in the Law Society after having not unreasonably refused that offer he shall be treated for all purposes as if no offer under paragraph 6 had been made to him.

81

Any dispute as to whether an offer purporting to be made under paragraph 6 complies with that paragraph shall be referred to and be determined by an industrial tribunal.

2

An industrial tribunal shall not consider a complaint referred to it under sub-paragraph (1) above unless the complaint is presented to the tribunal before the end of the period of 3 months beginning with the date of the offer of employment or within such further period as the tribunal considers reasonable in a case where it is satisfied that it was not reasonably practicable for the complaint to be presented before the end of the period of 3 months.

3

An appeal shall lie to the Employment Appeal Tribunal on a question of law arising from the decision of, or in proceedings before, an industrial tribunal under this paragraph.

4

Except as mentioned in sub-paragraph (3) above, no appeal shall lie from the decision of an industrial tribunal under this paragraph.

91

In the event of the Board assuming under section 3(4) any of the functions specified in that subsection the Lord Chancellor shall by regulations make such provision corresponding to paragraphs 6, 7 and 8 in respect of employees to whom this paragraph applies as appears to him to be appropriate.

2

This paragraph applies to persons employed—

a

in the civil service of the State, or

b

by a magistrates’ courts committee,

and so employed wholly or mainly in connection with the functions referred to in sub-paragraph (1) above.

Pensions10

Any arrangements made by the Law Society under section 19 of the 1974 Act in respect of any pension shall be treated on and after the appointed day (so far as may be necessary to preserve their effect) as having been made under paragraph 10(2) of Schedule 1 to this Act, and any pension scheme administered by the Law Society immediately before the appointed day shall be deemed to be a pension scheme established and administered by the Board under that paragraph and shall continue to be administered accordingly.

Representation in affiliation proceedings: transitory provision11

Until the repeal of the Affiliation Proceedings Act 1957 by the Family Law Reform Act 1987 takes effect, Schedule 2 to this Act shall be taken to include proceedings in the Crown Court or a magistrates’ court for or in relation to an affiliation order within the meaning of the Affiliation Proceedings Act 1957.

SCHEDULE 8

Section 46.

Transitory Amendments of Legal Aid Act 1974 Preliminary1

In this Schedule “the 1974 Act ” means the Legal Aid Act 1974.

Regulation of charges on property2

In section 20(2)(e) of the 1974 Act (regulation of charge on property)—

a

after the words “receiving advice or assistance or legal aid ” there shall be inserted the words “and regulating the release or postponement of the enforcement of any charge (however created) for the benefit of the legal aid fund ”; and

b

at the end there shall be inserted the words

; and

iii

requiring interest to be charged at a prescribed rate in circumstances where enforcement of a charge for the benefit of the legal aid fund is postponed

.

Remuneration3

In section 39 of the 1974 Act, for subsection (3) (fair remuneration in criminal and certain other legal aid cases) there shall be substituted the following—

3

The Lord Chancellor, in making regulations under this section as to the amounts payable to counsel or solicitors undertaking any description of legal aid work under this Part of this Act, shall have regard, among the matters which are relevant, to—

a

the time and skill which it requires;

b

the general level of fee income arising from it;

c

the general level of expenses of barristers and solicitors which is attributable to it;

d

the number and general level of competence of barristers and solicitors undertaking it;

e

the effect of the regulations on the handling of the work; and

f

the cost to public funds of any provision made by the regulations.

.

41

In Schedule 2 to the 1974 Act (remuneration in civil legal aid cases)—

a

in paragraph 1(1), for the words “95 per cent. of the ” there shall be substituted the words “the full ”; and

b

in paragraph 2(1), for the words “95 per cent. of the ” there shall be substituted the words “the full ”.

2

The amendments made by this paragraph have effect in relation to any case in which the order or direction for taxation is made on or after the date on which this Act is passed.

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<TLCTerm eId="term-criminal-proceedings" href="/ontology/term/uk.criminal-proceedings" showAs="criminal proceedings "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-proceedings-for-dealing-with-an-offender-as-a-fugitive-offender" href="/ontology/term/uk.proceedings-for-dealing-with-an-offender-as-a-fugitive-offender" showAs="proceedings for dealing with an offender as a fugitive offender "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-remitted" href="/ontology/term/uk.remitted" showAs="remitted "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-appropriate-contributor" href="/ontology/term/uk.appropriate-contributor" showAs="appropriate contributor "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-contribution-order" href="/ontology/term/uk.contribution-order" showAs="contribution order "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-relevant-contribution" href="/ontology/term/uk.relevant-contribution" showAs="relevant contribution "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-proceedings-for-contempt" href="/ontology/term/uk.proceedings-for-contempt" showAs="proceedings for contempt "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-superior-court" href="/ontology/term/uk.superior-court" showAs="superior court "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-social-security-benefits" href="/ontology/term/uk.social-security-benefits" showAs="social security benefits "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-the-existing-advisory-committee" href="/ontology/term/uk.the-existing-advisory-committee" showAs="the existing advisory committee "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-authorised-body" href="/ontology/term/uk.authorised-body" showAs="authorised body "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-determination" href="/ontology/term/uk.determination" showAs="determination "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-financial-resources" href="/ontology/term/uk.financial-resources" showAs="financial resources "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-legal-representative" href="/ontology/term/uk.legal-representative" showAs="legal representative "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-order-for-costs" href="/ontology/term/uk.order-for-costs" showAs="order for costs "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-prescribed" href="/ontology/term/uk.prescribed" showAs="prescribed "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-regulations" href="/ontology/term/uk.regulations" showAs="regulations "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-sentence" href="/ontology/term/uk.sentence" showAs="sentence "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-solicitor" href="/ontology/term/uk.solicitor" showAs="solicitor "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-statutory-inquiry" href="/ontology/term/uk.statutory-inquiry" showAs="statutory inquiry "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-tribunal" href="/ontology/term/uk.tribunal" showAs="tribunal "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-collecting-court" href="/ontology/term/uk.collecting-court" showAs="collecting court "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-relevant-grant-of-representation" href="/ontology/term/uk.relevant-grant-of-representation" showAs="relevant grant of representation "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-for-the-purposes-of-this-act" href="/ontology/term/uk.for-the-purposes-of-this-act" showAs="for the purposes of this Act "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-in-this-section-and" href="/ontology/term/uk.in-this-section-and" showAs="In this section and "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term--out-of-the-fund" href="/ontology/term/uk.-out-of-the-fund" showAs=", out of the Fund "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-legal-aid-" href="/ontology/term/uk.legal-aid-" showAs="legal aid "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-including-any-legal-aid-order" href="/ontology/term/uk.including-any-legal-aid-order" showAs="(including any legal aid order) "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-legally-assisted-person-" href="/ontology/term/uk.legally-assisted-person-" showAs="legally assisted person "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-the-1974-act" href="/ontology/term/uk.the-1974-act" showAs="the 1974 Act "/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-the-appointed-day" href="/ontology/term/uk.the-appointed-day" showAs="the appointed day "/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept1" href="/ontology/time/1991.03.07-1997.03.21" showAs="from 1991-03-07 until 1997-03-21"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept2" href="/ontology/time/1991.03.11-1996.01.01" showAs="from 1991-03-11 until 1996-01-01"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept3" href="/ontology/time/1991.03.11-2001.04.02" showAs="from 1991-03-11 until 2001-04-02"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept4" href="/ontology/time/1991.03.21" showAs="since 1991-03-21"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept5" href="/ontology/time/1991.04.01-1992.07.01" showAs="from 1991-04-01 until 1992-07-01"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept6" href="/ontology/time/1991.04.01-1992.10.01" showAs="from 1991-04-01 until 1992-10-01"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept7" href="/ontology/time/1991.04.01-1997.03.21" showAs="from 1991-04-01 until 1997-03-21"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept8" href="/ontology/time/1991.04.01-2000.04.01" showAs="from 1991-04-01 until 2000-04-01"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept9" href="/ontology/time/1991.04.01-2001.04.02" showAs="from 1991-04-01 until 2001-04-02"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept10" href="/ontology/time/1991.05.01-2001.04.02" showAs="from 1991-05-01 until 2001-04-02"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept11" href="/ontology/time/1991.05.09-1992.10.01" showAs="from 1991-05-09 until 1992-10-01"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept12" href="/ontology/time/1991.07.01-1997.03.21" showAs="from 1991-07-01 until 1997-03-21"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept13" href="/ontology/time/1991.07.01-2001.04.02" showAs="from 1991-07-01 until 2001-04-02"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept14" href="/ontology/time/1991.08.21-2000.04.01" showAs="from 1991-08-21 until 2000-04-01"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept15" href="/ontology/time/1991.10.01-2000.04.01" showAs="from 1991-10-01 until 2000-04-01"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept16" href="/ontology/time/1991.10.14" showAs="since 1991-10-14"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept17" href="/ontology/time/1991.10.14-1992.10.01" showAs="from 1991-10-14 until 1992-10-01"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept18" href="/ontology/time/1991.10.14-1993.05.27" showAs="from 1991-10-14 until 1993-05-27"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept19" href="/ontology/time/1991.10.14-1997.03.21" showAs="from 1991-10-14 until 1997-03-21"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept20" href="/ontology/time/1991.10.14-2001.04.02" showAs="from 1991-10-14 until 2001-04-02"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept21" href="/ontology/time/1992.01.01" showAs="since 1992-01-01"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept22" href="/ontology/time/-1992.10.01" showAs=" before 1992-10-01"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept23" href="/ontology/time/1993.08.30-2000.04.01" showAs="from 1993-08-30 until 2000-04-01"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept24" href="/ontology/time/-1996.08.22" showAs=" before 1996-08-22"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept25" href="/ontology/time/-1997.03.21" showAs=" before 1997-03-21"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept26" href="/ontology/time/1997.03.21-2000.04.01" showAs="from 1997-03-21 until 2000-04-01"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept27" href="/ontology/time/-1997.06.19" showAs=" before 1997-06-19"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept28" href="/ontology/time/-1998.08.01" showAs=" before 1998-08-01"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept29" href="/ontology/time/-2000.04.01" showAs=" before 2000-04-01"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept30" href="/ontology/time/-2001.04.02" showAs=" before 2001-04-02"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept31" href="/ontology/time/-2003.07.25" showAs=" before 2003-07-25"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept32" href="/ontology/time/-2009.10.01" showAs=" before 2009-10-01"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept33" href="/ontology/time/-2013.04.01" showAs=" before 2013-04-01"/>
</references>
<notes source="#source">
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10507381">
<p>
Act amended (1.1.1992) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/2684">S.I. 1991/2684</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/2684/article/4">arts. 4</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/2684/article/5">5</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/2684/schedule/1">Schedule1</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10507391">
<p>
By
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1991/53">Criminal Justice Act 1991 (c. 53, SIF 39:1)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1991/53/section/101/1">s. 101(1)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1991/53/schedule/12/paragraph/23">Sch. 12 para.23</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/2208">S.I. 1991/2208</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/2208/article/2/1">art. 2(1)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/2208/schedule/1">Sch.1</ref>
it is provided (14.10.1991) that in relation to any time before the commencement of s. 70 of that 1991 Act (which came into force on 1.10.1992 by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1992/333">S.I. 1992/333</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1992/333/article/2/2">art. 2(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1992/333/schedule/2">Sch. 2</ref>
) references in any enactment amended by that 1991 Act, to youth courts shall be construed as references to juvenile courts.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10507401">
<p>
Act modified (E.W.) (prosp.) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/27">1996 c. 27</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/27/section/23/8">ss. 23(8)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/27/section/67/3">67(3)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/27/schedule/9/paragraph/5">Sch. 9 para. 5</ref>
)
</p>
<p>
Act extended (22.5.2000) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/1119">S.I. 2000/1119</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/1119/regulation/1">regs. 1</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/1119/regulation/14">14</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/1119/schedule/3/part/1">Sch. 3 Pt. 1</ref>
</p>
<p>
Act applied (with modifications) (28.8.2000) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2000/25">2000 c. 25</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2000/25/section/1/2">s. 1(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2000/25/schedule/2/paragraph/8">Sch. 2 para. 8</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2125">S.I. 2000/2125</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2125/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
<p>
Act applied (E.W.) (with modifications) (2.10.2000) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2227">S.I. 2000/2227</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2000/2227/regulation/4">reg. 4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c20886881">
<p>
Act: functions of the Lord Chancellor transferred to the Secretary of State (19.8.2003) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/1887">The Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs Order 2003 (S.I. 2003/1887)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/1887/article/4">art. 4</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/1887/schedule/1">Sch. 1</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c20887021">
<p>
Act: functions of the Secretary of State transferred to the Lord Chancellor (12.1.2006) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2005/3429">The Transfer of Functions (Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/3429)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2005/3429/article/3/1/a">art. 3(1)(a)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2005/3429/article/4">arts. 4</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2005/3429/article/5">5</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508521">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/part/III">Pt. III</ref>
A (s. 13A) inserted (21.3.1997) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/27">1996 c. 27</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/27/section/26/1">s. 26(1)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1997/1077">S.I. 1997/1077</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1997/1077/article/2">art.2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10509441">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/part/V">Pt. V</ref>
(ss. 19-26) applied (with modifications) (15.3.1996) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1996/716">S.I. 1996/716</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1996/716/article/24/1/b">art. 24(1)(b)</ref>
</p>
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/part/V">Pt. V</ref>
(ss. 19-26) modified (30.9.1998 in the petty sessions areas and petty sessional divisions noted in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1998/2327">S.I. 1998/2327</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1998/2327/schedule/2">Sch. 2</ref>
and otherwise 1.11.1999) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1998/37">1998 c. 37</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1998/37/section/49/1/j">s. 49(1)(j)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1998/2327">S.I. 1998/2327</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1998/2327/article/3/2">art. 3(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1998/2327/schedule/2">Sch.2</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1999/2976">S.I. 1999/2976</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1999/2976/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10510621">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/27">S. 27</ref>
repealed (14.10.1991)
<em>
<br/>
</em>
by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41">Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/section/99/4">ss. 99(4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/section/108/7">108(7)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/schedule/15">Sch.15</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828">S.I. 1991/828</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828/article/3/2">art. 3(2)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10510681">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/28">S. 28</ref>
repealed (14.10.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41">Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/section/99/4">ss. 99(4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/section/108/7">108(7)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/schedule/15">Sch.15</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828">S.I. 1991/828</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828/article/3/2">art. 3(2)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10511561">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1985/61">1985 c. 61</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10512401">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1986/47">1986 c. 47</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10512461">
<p>
Power of appointment conferred by s. 47(2) partly exercised:
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1988/1361">S.I. 1988/1361</ref>
, 1989/288
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10512471">
<p>
Power of appointment conferred by s. 47(3) partly exercised:
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1988/1388">S.I. 1988/1388</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10512481">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1974/4">1974 c. 4</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10507511">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/2/4">s. 2(4)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/3/a">Sch. 18 para. 63(3)(a)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I. 1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10507521">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/2/6">s. 2(6)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/61/1">Sch. 18 para. 61(1)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I. 1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10507531">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/2/7/7A/7B">S. 2(7)(7A)(7B)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/61/2">Sch. 18 para. 61(2)</ref>
.;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10507541">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/2/7">S. 2(7)</ref>
restricted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/59/1/2">s. 59(1)(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10507651">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/3/4/c">S. 3(4)(c)</ref>
repealed (14.10.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41">Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/section/108/2">s. 108(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/schedule/15">Sch.15</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828">S.I. 1991/828</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828/article/3/2">art. 3(2)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10508011">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/7/1">S. 7(1)</ref>
applied (with modifications) (27.9.1999) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/22">1999 c. 22</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/22/section/105">ss. 105</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/22/section/108/3/e">108(3)(e)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/22/schedule/14/part/II/paragraph/6/3">Sch. 14 Pt. II para. 6(3)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/22/schedule/14/paragraph/7/2">Sch. 14 para. 7(2)</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10508021">
<p>
<rref from="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/7/2" upTo="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/7/7">S. 7(2)-(7)</rref>
applied (27.9.1999) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/22">1999 c. 22</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/22/section/105">ss. 105</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/22/section/108/3/e">108(3)(e)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/22/schedule/14/part/II/paragraph/6/4">Sch. 14 Pt. II para. 6(4)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/22/schedule/14/paragraph/7/2">Sch. 14 para. 7(2)</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508051">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/7/4">S. 7(4)</ref>
substituted (1.10.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/1997">S.I. 1991/1997</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/1997/regulation/2">reg. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/1997/schedule/paragraph/69">Sch. para.69</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508171">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/9/5/6/7">s. 9(5)(6)(7)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/4">Sch. 18 para. 63(4)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10508341">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/10/1">S. 10(1)</ref>
excluded by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1989/340">S.I. 1989/340</ref>
reg. 4(2)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508351">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/10/1">s. 10(1)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/4">Sch. 18 para. 63(4)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508371">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/10/1/b/3/a">s. 10(1)(b)(3)(a)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/61/3">Sch. 18 para. 61(3)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508391">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/10/3">s. 10(3)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/3/d">Sch. 18 para. 63(3)(d)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508461">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/11">s. 11</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/4">Sch. 18 para. 63(4)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10508501">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/13">S. 13</ref>
amended by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1989/340">S.I. 1989/340</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1989/340/article/35">art. 35</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508631">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/14/3">s. 14(3)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/1/a">Sch. 18 para. 63(1)(a)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508811">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/15/1">s. 15(1)</ref>
substituted (14.10.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41">Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/section/99/2">s. 99(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828">S.I. 1991/828</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828/article/3/2">art. 3(2)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508821">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/15/1">s. 15(1)</ref>
substituted (14.10.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/1924">S.I. 1991/1924</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/1924/article/2/a">art. 2(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508831">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/15/3A/3B">S. 15(3A)(3B)</ref>
inserted (14.10.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41">Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/section/99/2">s. 99(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828">S.I. 1991/828</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828/article/3/2">art. 3(2)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508841">
<p>
Word in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/15/3A/b">s. 15(3A)(b)</ref>
and (3A)(c) inserted (14.10.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/2036">S.I. 1991/2036</ref>
art. 3
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508861">
<p>
<rref from="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/15/3C" upTo="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/15/3E">S. 15(3C)-(3E)</rref>
inserted (14.10.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/1924">S.I. 1991/1924</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/1924/article/2/b">art. 2(b)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508871">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/15/6">s. 15(6)</ref>
substituted (1.4.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/61/4">Sch. 18 para. 61(4)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I. 1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508881">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/15/7/8">s. 15(7)(8)</ref>
substituted (1.4.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/4">Sch. 18 para. 63(4)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10509271">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/16/6">S. 16(6)</ref>
restricted (14.10.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/2036">S.I. 1991/2036</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/2036/regulation/21/2">reg. 21(2)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10509281">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/16/8">s. 16(8)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/2">Sch. 18 para. 63(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10509291">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/16/9/a">s. 16(9)(a)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/3/a">Sch. 18 para. 63(3)(a)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10509371">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/17/1">S. 17(1)</ref>
modified by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1989/338">S.I. 1989/338</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1989/338/article/15/2">art. 15(2)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10509381">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/17/1">S. 17(1)</ref>
applied (with modifications) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1989/339">S.I. 1989/339</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1989/339/article/131">art. 131</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10509391">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/17/1">S. 17(1)</ref>
modified by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1989/339">S.I. 1989/339</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1989/339/article/132">art. 132</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10509411">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/18">S. 18</ref>
restricted by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1989/339">S.I. 1989/339</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1989/339/article/138">arts. 138</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1989/339/article/143">143</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10509421">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/18/4/b">S. 18(4)(b)</ref>
modified by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1989/339">S.I. 1989/339</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1989/339/article/135">art. 135</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10509521">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1976/63">1976 c. 63</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10509531">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1980/43">1980 c. 43</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10509541">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/19">s. 19</ref>
added (14.10.1991) by the
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41">Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/section/99/3">s. 99(3)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828">S.I. 1991/828</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828/article/3/2">art. 3(2)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10509551">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1870/52">1870 c. 52</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10509561">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1967/68">1967 c. 68</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10509571">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/33">1988 c. 33</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10509581">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1933/12">1933 c. 12</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10509731">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1987/38">1987 c. 38</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10509741">
<p>
Word "or" in s. 20(4) omitted by virtue of
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1991/13">War Crimes Act 1991 (c. 13, SIF 39:4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1991/13/section/3/2">s.3(2)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10509751">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/20/4/bb">S. 20(4)(bb)</ref>
inserted by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1991/13">War Crimes Act 1991 (c. 13, SIF 39:4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1991/13/section/3/2">s.3(2)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10509761">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1987/38">1987 c. 38</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10509771">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1968/19">1968 c. 19</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10510161">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1969/54">1969 c. 54</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10510291">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1985/23">1985 c. 23</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10510361">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/25/2">s. 25(2)</ref>
substituted (1.4.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/4">Sch. 18 para. 63(4)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10510431">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/26">s. 26</ref>
substituted (1.4.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/4">Sch. 18 para. 63(4)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I. 1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10510441">
<p>
Word in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/26/2">s. 26(2)</ref>
substituted (1.4.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/61/5">Sch. 18 para. 61(5)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="c10510711">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/29">S. 29</ref>
wholly in force at 1.5.1991 see
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/47/2">s. 47(2)</ref>
and
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/790">S.I. 1991/790</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/790/article/1/2">art. 1(2)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10510721">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1981/49">1981 c. 49</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10510731">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1984/28">1984 c. 28</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10510771">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/30/1/2">S. 30(1)(2)</ref>
repealed (14.10.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41">Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/section/99/4">ss. 99(4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/section/108/7">108(7)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/schedule/15">Sch.15</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828">S.I. 1991/828</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828/article/3/2">art. 3(2)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511051">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/31/1/a">s. 31(1)(a)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/1/a">Sch. 18 para. 63(1)(a)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I. 1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511061">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/31/1/a">s. 31(1)(a)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/62/1/a">Sch. 18 para. 62(1)(a)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I. 1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10511071">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1985/23">1985 c. 23</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511081">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/31/2">s. 31(2)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/3/c">Sch. 18 para. 63(3)(c)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I. 1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511091">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/31/2">s. 31(2)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
, s., 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 62(1)(b);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I. 1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10511401">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/32/1">S. 32(1)</ref>
restricted (1.1.2000) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1999/166">S.I. 1999/166</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1999/166/regulation/6/5">regs. 6(5)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1999/166/regulation/8/3">8(3)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1999/166/regulation/6/6">regs. 6(6)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1999/166/regulation/8/4">8(4)</ref>
) (as inserted (1.1.2000) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1999/2278">S.I. 1999/2278</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1999/2278/regulation/4">reg. 4</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511411">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/32/1">s. 32(1)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
)by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/124/3">s. 124(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/62/2/a">Sch. 18 para. 62(2)(a)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I. 1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511421">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/32/2">s. 32(2)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Court and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18">Sch. 18</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/paragraph/62/2/b">para. 62(2)(b)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511431">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/32">s. 32</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/3/a">Sch. 18 para. 63(3)(a)</ref>
.;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511441">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/32/5">s. 32(5)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/3/b">Sch. 18 para. 63(3)(b)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I. 1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511451">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/32/6">s. 32(6)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/1/b">Sch. 18 para. 63(1)(b)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I. 1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511481">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/32/7">s. 32(7)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
)by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/5/a">Sch. 18 para. 63(5)(a)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10511491">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/32/8">S. 32(8)</ref>
restricted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/59/1/2">s. 59(1)(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I. 1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511501">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/32/8">s. 32(8)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/62/2/c">Sch. 18 para. 62(2)(c)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511511">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/32/9">S. 32(9)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/62/2/d">Sch. 18 para. 62(2)(d)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511521">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/32/10">s. 32(10)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/4">Sch. 18 para. 63(4)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511531">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/32/10">s. 32(10)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/2">Sch. 18 para. 63(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I. 1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511661">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/34/2/e">s. 34(2)(e)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991)</em>
by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s.125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/5/b">Sch. 18 para. 63(5)(b)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I. 1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511671">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/34/8/b">s. 34(8)(b)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/2">Sch. 18 para. 63(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I. 1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511681">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/34/9/c/d">s. 34(9)(c)(d)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/5/c">Sch. 18 para. 63(5)(c)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I. 1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10511701">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1986/50">1986 c. 50</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10511881">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1974/4">1974 c. 4</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511961">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/38/1/f">s. 38(1)(f)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/5/d">Sch. 18 para. 63(5)(d)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10511971">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/38/6">s. 38(6)</ref>
substituted (
<em>1. 4. 1991</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/1/a">Sch. 18 para. 63(1)(a)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I.1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10512071">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1980/43">1980 c. 43</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10512081">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/39/4">S. 39(4)</ref>
extended by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/724">S.I. 1991/724</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/724/article/2/1/m">art.2(1)(m)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10512091">
<p>
Words in
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/39/4">s. 39(4)</ref>
omitted by virtue of
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/724">S.I. 1991/724</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/724/article/2/8">art. 2(8)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/724/schedule">Sch</ref>
edule, PtI
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10512251">
<p>
Definitions in s. 43 inserted (1.4.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3">s. 125(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/60">Sch. 18 para. 60</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608">S.I. 1991/608</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2">art. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule">Sch.</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10512271">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1971/62">1971 c. 62</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508531">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/part/III">Pt. III</ref>
A (s. 13A) inserted (21.3.1997) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/27">1996 c. 27</ref>
, 26(1);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1997/1077">S.I. 1997/1077</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1997/1077/article/2">art.2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10508541">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1978/22">1978 c. 22</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10508551">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41">1989 c. 41</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508571">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/13B">S. 13B</ref>
inserted (21.3.1997) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/27">1996 c. 27</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/27/section/27">s.27</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1997/1077">S.I. 1997/1077</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1997/1077/article/2">art.2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10508591">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/13C">S. 13C</ref>
inserted (21.3.1997) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/27">1996 c. 27</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/27/section/28/1">s. 28(1)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1997/1077">S.I. 1997/1077</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1997/1077/article/2">art.2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10512621">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/schedule/2/paragraph/2/a/e">Sch. 2 Part I para. 2(a)(e)</ref>
repealed (14.10.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41">Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/section/108/7">s. 108(7)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/schedule/15">Sch.15</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828">S.I. 1991/828</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828/article/3/2">art. 3(2)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10512631">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1948/29">1948 c. 29</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10512641">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1950/37">1950 c. 37</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10512651">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1958/39">1958 c. 39</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10512661">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1976/71">1976 c. 71</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10512671">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1976/36">1976 c. 36</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10512681">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1972/18">1972 c. 18</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10512701">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1978/22">1978 c. 22</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10512711">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/schedule/2/paragraph/2/g">Sch. 2 Part I para. 2(g)</ref>
added (14.10.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41">Children Act 1989 (c. 41, SIF 20)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/section/108/4">s. 108(4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1989/41/schedule/12/paragraph/45">Sch. 12 para.45</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828">S.I. 1991/828</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/828/article/3/2">art. 3(2)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10513001">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1965/64">1965 c. 64</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10513011">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1973/41">1973 c. 41</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10513021">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1983/2">1983 c. 2</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10513031">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/schedule/2/paragraph/5A">Sch. 2 Part I para. 5A</ref>
added by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1989/549">S.I. 1989/549</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1989/549/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10513071">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/schedule/2/part/II/paragraph/5B">Sch. 2 Pt. II para. 5B</ref>
inserted (30.8.1993) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1993/19">1993 c. 19</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1993/19/section/4/2">s. 4(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1993/19/schedule/8/paragraph/39">Sch. 8 para.39</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1993/1908">S.I. 1993/1908</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1993/1908/article/2/1">art. 2(1)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1993/1908/schedule/1">Sch.1</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10513081">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1992/52">1992 c. 52</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10513091">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/schedule/3">Sch. 3</ref>
modified (27.9.1999) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/22">1999 c.22</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/22/section/105">ss. 105</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/22/section/108/3/e">108(3)(e)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/22/schedule/14/part/V/paragraph/37">Sch. 14 Pt. V para. 37</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/22/schedule/14/paragraph/7/2">Sch. 14 para. 7(2)</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10513131">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1958/39">1958 c. 39</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10513141">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1980/43">1980 c. 43</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c10513161">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/schedule/3">Schedule 3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/part/I">Pt.I</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/paragraph/3/1">para. 3(1)</ref>
extended by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/724">S.I. 1991/724</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/724/article/2/1/m">art.2(1)(m)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10513171">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/schedule/3">Schedule 3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/part/I">Pt. I</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/paragraph/3/3">para. 3(3)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/paragraph/3/3/b">para. 3(3)(b)</ref>
and the word "or" preceeding it omitted by virtue of
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/724">S.I. 1991/724</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/724/article/2/8">art. 2(8)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/724/schedule">Sch</ref>
edule, Pt.I
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10513191">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1979/55">1979 c. 55</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10513221">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1933/12">1933 c. 12</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10513371">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/schedule/4/paragraph/3/b">Sch. 4 para. 3(b)</ref>
repealed (
<em>prosp.</em>
) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/40">Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1990 (c. 40, SIF 76)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/40/section/74/2">ss. 74(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/40/section/75/2">75(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/40/schedule/9">Sch. 9</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="c10513381">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/schedule/4/paragraph/3/c">Sch. 4 para. 3(c)</ref>
repealed (26.8.1991) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/40">Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1990 (c. 40, SIF 76)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/40/section/74/2">ss. 74(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/40/schedule/9">Sch. 9</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/1903">S.I. 1991/1903</ref>
,art. 3, Sch.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10513581">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1974/4">1974 c. 4</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10513591">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1982/44">1982 c. 44</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10513601">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1978/44">1978 c. 44</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10513671">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1957/55">1957 c. 55</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10513681">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1987/42">1987 c. 42</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c10513701">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1974/4">1974 c. 4</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
</notes>
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<preface eId="preface" period="#period31">
<p class="title">
<shortTitle>Legal Aid Act 1988</shortTitle>
</p>
<p class="number">
<docNumber>1988 c. 34</docNumber>
</p>
<longTitle>
<p>An Act to make new provision for the administration of, and to revise the law relating to, legal aid, advice and assistance.</p>
</longTitle>
<p class="DateOfEnactment">
<docDate date="1988-07-29">[29th July 1988]</docDate>
</p>
</preface>
<preamble>
<formula name="EnactingText">
<p>
<noteRef href="#c10507381" marker="C1" class="commentary C"/>
<noteRef href="#c10507391" marker="C2" class="commentary C"/>
<noteRef href="#c10507401" marker="C3" class="commentary C"/>
<noteRef href="#c20886881" marker="C4" class="commentary C"/>
<noteRef href="#c20887021" marker="C5" class="commentary C"/>
Be it enacted by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—
</p>
</formula>
</preamble>
<body eId="body" period="#period3">
<part eId="part-I">
<num>Part I</num>
<heading> Preliminary</heading>
<section eId="section-1" period="#period3">
<num>1</num>
<heading> Purpose of this Act.</heading>
<content>
<p>
The purpose of this Act is to establish a framework for the provision under Parts II,
<abbr class="Acronym" title="3">III</abbr>
,
<abbr class="Acronym" title="4">IV</abbr>
, V and
<abbr class="Acronym" title="6">VI</abbr>
of advice, assistance and representation which is publicly funded with a view to helping persons who might otherwise be unable to obtain advice, assistance or representation on account of their means.
</p>
</content>
</section>
<section eId="section-2" period="#period17">
<num>2</num>
<heading> Interpretation.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-2-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>This section has effect for the interpretation of this Act.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-2-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-advice">Advice </term>
” means oral or written advice on the application of English law to any particular circumstances that have arisen in relation to the person seeking the advice and as to the steps which that person might appropriately take having regard to the application of English law to those circumstances.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-2-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-assistance">Assistance </term>
” means assistance in taking any of the steps which a person might take, including steps with respect to proceedings, having regard to the application of English law to any particular circumstances that have arisen in relation to him, whether by taking such steps on his behalf (including assistance by way of representation) or by assisting him in taking them on his own behalf.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-2-4">
<num>4</num>
<intro>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-representation">Representation </term>
” means representation for the purposes of proceedings and it includes—
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-2-4-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>
all such assistance as is usually given by a
<ins class="d29p3476 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10507511" marker="F4" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
in the steps preliminary or incidental to any proceedings;
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-2-4-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>all such assistance as is usually so given in civil proceedings in arriving at or giving effect to a compromise to avoid or bring to an end any proceedings; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-2-4-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>in the case of criminal proceedings, advice and assistance as to any appeal;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>and related expressions have corresponding meanings.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-2-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>Regulations may specify what is, or is not, to be included in advice or assistance of any description, or representation for the purposes of proceedings of any description, to which any Part or provision of a Part of this Act applies and the regulations may provide for the inclusion, in prescribed circumstances, of advice or assistance given otherwise than under this Act.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-2-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>
Advice, assistance and representation under this Act, except when made available under Part II,
<ins class="d29p3508 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10507521" marker="F5" class="commentary attribute F"/>
shall only be by legal representatives
</ins>
, but in the case of Part II, may be by other persons.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-2-7">
<num>
<ins class="d29p3512 first">
<noteRef href="#c10507531" marker="F6" class="commentary attribute F"/>
<noteRef href="#c10507541" marker="C9" class="commentary C"/>
7
</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="d29p3512">Subject to section 59 of the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990, regulations—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-2-7-a">
<num>
<ins class="d29p3512">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p3512">may prescribe the circumstances in which representation shall be only by one legal representative and may require him to be from a prescribed category;</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-2-7-b">
<num>
<ins class="d29p3512">b</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p3512">may regulate representation by more than one legal representative from any one or more prescribed categories.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-2-7A">
<num>
<ins class="d29p3512">7A</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p3512">If it is satisfied that the circumstances of a particular case in the Supreme Court or the House of Lords warrant a direction under this subsection, the Board or, in the case of criminal proceedings the competent authority, may direct that representation in that case shall be by one legal representative.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-2-7B">
<num>
<ins class="d29p3512">7B</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p3512 last">In subsection (7A), “competent authority ” shall be construed in accordance with section 20.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-2-8">
<num>8</num>
<content>
<p>The Lord Chancellor may, if it appears to him to be necessary to do so for the purpose of fulfilling any obligation imposed on the United Kingdom or Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom by any international agreement, by order direct that such advice or assistance relating to the application of other laws than English law as is specified in the order shall be advice or assistance for any of the purposes of this Act.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-2-9">
<num>9</num>
<content>
<p>For the purposes of the application of subsection (8) above in the case of an obligation to provide for the transmission to other countries of applications for legal aid under their laws, the reference to advice or assistance relating to the application of other laws includes a reference to advice or assistance for the purposes of making and transmitting such an application.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-2-10">
<num>10</num>
<content>
<p>
In this Act “
<term refersTo="#term-person">person </term>
” does not include a body of persons corporate or unincorporate which is not concerned in a representative, fiduciary or official capacity so as to authorise advice, assistance or representation to be granted to such a body.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-2-11">
<num>11</num>
<content>
<p>
In this Act “
<term refersTo="#term-legally-assisted-person">legally assisted person </term>
” means any person who receives, under this Act, advice, assistance or representation and, in relation to proceedings, any reference to an assisted party or an unassisted party is to be construed accordingly.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
</part>
<part eId="part-II">
<num>Part II</num>
<heading> Legal Aid Board and Legal Aid</heading>
<section eId="section-3" period="#period29">
<num>3</num>
<heading> The Legal Aid Board.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-3-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>
There shall be established a body to be known as the Legal Aid Board (in this Act referred to as “
<term refersTo="#term-the-board">the Board </term>
”).
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-3-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>Subject to subsections (3) and (4) below, the Board shall have the general function of securing that advice, assistance and representation are available in accordance with this Act and of administering this Act.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-3-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Subsection (2) above does not confer on the Board any functions with respect to the grant of representation under Part VI for the purposes of proceedings for contempt.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-3-4">
<num>4</num>
<intro>
<p>Subsection (2) above does not confer on the Board any of the following functions unless the Lord Chancellor so directs by order and then only to the extent specified in the order.</p>
<p>The functions referred to are—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-3-4-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>determination of the costs of representation under Part IV;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-3-4-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>functions as respects representation under Part V other than determination of the costs of representation for the purposes of proceedings in magistrates’ courts;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-3-4-c">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10507651" marker="F7" class="commentary F"/>
c
</num>
<content>
<p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-3-4-d">
<num>d</num>
<content>
<p>determination of the financial resources of persons for the purposes of this Act.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-3-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>Subject to subsection (6) below, the Board shall consist of no fewer than 11 and no more than 17 members appointed by the Lord Chancellor; and the Lord Chancellor shall appoint one of the members to be chairman.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-3-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>The Lord Chancellor may, by order, substitute, for the number for the time being specified in subsection (5) above as the maximum or minimum membership of the Board, such other number as he thinks appropriate.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-3-7">
<num>7</num>
<content>
<p>The Board shall include at least two solicitors appointed after consultation with the Law Society.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-3-8">
<num>8</num>
<content>
<p>The Lord Chancellor shall consult the General Council of the Bar with a view to the inclusion on the Board of at least two barristers.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-3-9">
<num>9</num>
<intro>
<p>In appointing persons to be members of the Board the Lord Chancellor shall have regard to the desirability of securing that the Board includes persons having expertise in or knowledge of—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-3-9-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>the provision of legal services;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-3-9-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>the work of the courts and social conditions; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-3-9-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>management.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-3-10">
<num>10</num>
<content>
<p>Schedule 1 to this Act shall have effect with respect to the Board.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-4" period="#period3">
<num>4</num>
<heading> Powers of the Board.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-4-1">
<num>1</num>
<intro>
<p>Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Board may do anything—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-4-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>which it considers necessary or desirable to provide or secure the provision of advice, assistance and representation under this Act; or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-4-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>which is calculated to facilitate or is incidental or conducive to the discharge of its functions;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>and advice, assistance and representation may be provided in different ways in different areas in England and Wales and in different ways in different fields of law.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-4-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1) above, the Board shall have power—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-4-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>to enter into any contract including, subject to subsection (7) below, any contract to acquire or dispose of land;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-4-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>to make grants (with or without conditions, including conditions as to repayment);</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-4-2-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>to make loans;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-4-2-d">
<num>d</num>
<content>
<p>to invest money;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-4-2-e">
<num>e</num>
<content>
<p>to promote or assist in the promotion of publicity relating to the functions of the Board;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-4-2-f">
<num>f</num>
<content>
<p>to undertake any inquiry or investigation which the Board considers necessary or expedient in relation to the discharge of its functions; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-4-2-g">
<num>g</num>
<content>
<p>to give the Lord Chancellor such advice as it may consider appropriate in relation to the provision of advice, assistance and representation under this Act.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-4-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Subsection (1) above does not confer on the Board power to borrow money or to acquire and hold shares in bodies corporate or take part in forming bodies corporate.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-4-4">
<num>4</num>
<intro>
<p>The powers to provide advice, assistance or representation under this Part and to secure its provision under this Part by means of contracts with, or grants or loans to, other persons or bodies—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-4-4-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>shall not be exercisable unless the Lord Chancellor so directs and then only to the extent specified in the direction; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-4-4-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>if exercisable, shall be exercised in accordance with any directions given by him.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-4-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>The power to secure the provision of representation under Part IV by means of contracts with other persons shall only be exercisable in the classes of case prescribed in regulations.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-4-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>Advice, assistance and representation provided by the Board under this Part may be granted with or without limitations and may be amended, withdrawn or revoked.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-4-7">
<num>7</num>
<content>
<p>The power under subsection (2) above to enter into contracts to acquire or dispose of land shall not be exercised without the approval in writing of the Lord Chancellor.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-4-8">
<num>8</num>
<content>
<p>The Board may, from time to time, prepare and submit to the Lord Chancellor proposals for the assumption by it of any functions in relation to the provision of advice, assistance or representation under this Act.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-5" period="#period3">
<num>5</num>
<heading> Duties of the Board.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-5-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>The Board shall, from time to time, publish information as to the discharge of its functions in relation to advice, assistance and representation including the forms and procedures and other matters connected therewith.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-5-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>The Board shall, from time to time, furnish to the Lord Chancellor such information as he may require relating to its property and to the discharge or proposed discharge of its functions.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-5-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>It shall be the duty of the Board to provide to the Lord Chancellor, as soon as possible after 31st March in each year, a report on the discharge of its functions during the preceding twelve months.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-5-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>The Board shall deal in any report under subsection (3) above with such matters as the Lord Chancellor may from time to time direct.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-5-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>The Board shall have regard, in discharging its functions, to such guidance as may from time to time be given by the Lord Chancellor.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-5-6">
<num>6</num>
<intro>
<p>Guidance under subsection (5) above shall not relate to the consideration or disposal, in particular cases, of—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-5-6-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>applications for advice, assistance or representation;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-5-6-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>supplementary or incidental applications or requests to the Board in connection with any case where advice, assistance or representation has been made available.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-5-7">
<num>7</num>
<content>
<p>For the purposes of subsection (2) above the Board shall permit any person authorised by the Lord Chancellor for the purpose to inspect and make copies of any accounts or documents of the Board and shall furnish such explanations of them as that person or the Lord Chancellor may require.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-6" period="#period11">
<num>6</num>
<heading> Board to have separate legal aid fund.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-6-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>The Board shall establish and maintain a separate legal aid fund.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-6-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>Subject to regulations, there shall be paid out of the fund—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-6-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>such sums as are, by virtue of any provision of or made under this Act, due from the Board in respect of remuneration and expenses properly incurred in connection with the provision, under this Act, of advice, assistance or representation;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-6-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>costs awarded to any unassisted party under section 13 or 18;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-6-2-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>any part of a contribution repayable by the Board under section 16(4) or 23(7); and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-6-2-d">
<num>d</num>
<content>
<p>such other payments for the purposes of this Act as the Lord Chancellor may, with the concurrence of the Treasury, determine.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-6-3">
<num>3</num>
<intro>
<p>Subject to regulations, there shall be paid into the fund—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-6-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>any contribution payable to the Board by any person in respect of advice, assistance or representation under this Act;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-6-3-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>any sum awarded under an order of a court or agreement as to costs in any proceedings in favour of any legally assisted party which is payable to the Board;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-6-3-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>any sum which is to be paid out of property recovered or preserved for any legally assisted party to any proceedings;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-6-3-d">
<num>d</num>
<content>
<p>any sum in respect of the costs of an unassisted party awarded under section 13 or 18 which is repaid to the Board under that section;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-6-3-e">
<num>e</num>
<content>
<p>the sums to be paid by the Lord Chancellor in pursuance of section 42(1)(a); and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-6-3-f">
<num>f</num>
<content>
<p>such other receipts of the Board as the Lord Chancellor may, with the concurrence of the Treasury, determine.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-7" period="#period25">
<num>7</num>
<heading> Accounts and audit.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-7-1">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10508011" marker="C10" class="commentary C"/>
1
</num>
<intro>
<p>The Board shall keep separate accounts with respect to—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-7-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>its legal aid fund; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-7-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>the receipts and expenditure of the Board which do not relate to that fund;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>and shall prepare in respect of each financial year a statement of accounts.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-7-2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10508021" marker="C11" class="commentary C"/>
2
</num>
<content>
<p>The accounts shall be kept and the statement of accounts shall be prepared in such form as the Lord Chancellor may, with the approval of the Treasury, direct.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-7-3">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10508021" marker="C11" class="commentary C"/>
3
</num>
<content>
<p>The accounts shall be audited by persons to be appointed in respect of each financial year by the Lord Chancellor in accordance with a scheme of audit approved by him, and the auditors shall be furnished by the Board with copies of the statement and shall prepare a report to the Lord Chancellor on the accounts and statement.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-7-4">
<num>
<ins class="d29p5333 first">
<noteRef href="#c10508051" marker="F8" class="commentary attribute F"/>
<noteRef href="#c10508021" marker="C11" class="commentary C"/>
4
</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="d29p5333">No person shall be appointed auditor under subsection (3) above unless he is–</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-7-4-a">
<num>
<ins class="d29p5333">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p5333">eligible for appointment as a company auditor under section 25 of the Companies Act 1989; or</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-7-4-b">
<num>
<ins class="d29p5333">b</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p5333 last">a member of the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-7-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>Upon completion of the audit of the accounts, the auditors shall send to the Lord Chancellor a copy of the statement of accounts and of their report, and the Lord Chancellor shall send a copy of the statement and of the report to the Comptroller and Auditor General.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-7-6">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10508021" marker="C11" class="commentary C"/>
6
</num>
<content>
<p>The Lord Chancellor and the Comptroller and Auditor General may inspect the accounts and any records relating to them.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-7-7">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10508021" marker="C11" class="commentary C"/>
7
</num>
<content>
<p>The Lord Chancellor shall lay before each House of Parliament a copy of every statement of accounts and report of the auditors sent to him under subsection (5) above.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-7-8">
<num>8</num>
<content>
<p>
In this section “
<term refersTo="#term-financial-year">financial year </term>
” means the period beginning with the day on which the Board is established and ending with 31st March next following and each subsequent period of 12 months ending with 31st March in each year.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
</part>
<part eId="part-III">
<num>Part III</num>
<heading> Advice and Assistance</heading>
<section eId="section-8" period="#period6">
<num>8</num>
<heading> Scope of this Part.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-8-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>Subject to the provisions of this section, this Part applies to any advice or assistance and advice and assistance under this Part shall be available to any person subject to and in accordance with the provisions of this section and sections 9, 10 and 11.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-8-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>This Part only applies to assistance by way of representation if, and to the extent that, regulations so provide; and regulations may make such provision in relation to representation for the purposes of any proceedings before a court or tribunal or at a statutory inquiry.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-8-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Advice or assistance of all descriptions or advice or assistance of any prescribed description is excluded from this Part, or is so excluded as regards any area, if regulations so provide; and if regulations provide for all descriptions to be excluded as regards all areas then, so long as the regulations so provide, this Part (other than this subsection) shall not have effect.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-8-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>Advice or assistance of any prescribed description is restricted to its provision to prescribed descriptions of persons if regulations so provide.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-8-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>This Part does not apply to advice or assistance given to a person in connection with proceedings before a court or tribunal or at a statutory inquiry at a time when he is being represented in those proceedings under any other Part of this Act.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-9" period="#period18">
<num>9</num>
<heading> Availability of, and payment for, advice and assistance.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-9-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>Advice and assistance to which this Part applies shall be available to any person whose financial resources are such as, under regulations, make him eligible for advice or assistance under this Part.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-9-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>If regulations so provide, advice or assistance to which this Part applies shall be available, in prescribed circumstances and subject to any prescribed conditions, to persons without reference to their financial resources.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-9-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Subject to any prescribed exceptions, assistance by way of representation under this Part shall not be given without the approval of the Board.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-9-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>Approval under subsection (3) above may be given with or without limitations and may be amended, withdrawn or revoked.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-9-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>
Except as provided by subsection (6) or (7) below, the legally assisted person shall not be required to pay to his
<ins class="d29p5585 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10508171" marker="F9" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
any charge or fee.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-9-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>
Except as provided by subsection (7) below, a legally assisted person shall, if his financial resources are such as, under regulations, make him liable to make a contribution, be liable to pay to his
<noteRef href="#c10508171" marker="F9" class="commentary F"/>
legal representative, in respect of the advice or assistance, charges or fees of such amount as is determined or fixed by or under the regulations.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-9-7">
<num>7</num>
<content>
<p>
A legally assisted person to whom advice or assistance is made available by virtue of regulations under subsection (2) above shall, in circumstances prescribed by the regulations and, if the regulations apply only to persons of a prescribed description, he is a person of that description, be liable to pay to his
<ins class="d29p5603 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10508171" marker="F9" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
, in respect of the advice or assistance, a fee of such amount as is fixed by or under the regulations (in lieu of a contribution under subsection (6) above).
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-10" period="#period18">
<num>10</num>
<heading> Financial limit on prospective cost of advice or assistance.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-10-1">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10508341" marker="C12" class="commentary C"/>
1
</num>
<intro>
<p>
Where at any time (whether before or after the advice or assistance has begun to be given) it appears to a
<ins class="d29p5720 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10508351" marker="F10" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
that the cost of giving advice or assistance to a person under this Part is likely to exceed the prescribed limit—
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-10-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>
the
<ins class="d29p5732 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10508351" marker="F10" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
shall determine to what extent that advice or assistance can be given without exceeding that limit; and
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-10-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>
shall not give it (nor, as the case may be, instruct
<ins class="d29p5744 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10508371" marker="F11" class="commentary attribute F"/>
an additional legal representative
</ins>
to give it) so as to exceed that limit except with the approval of the Board.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-10-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>Approval under subsection (1)(b) above may be given with or without limitations and may be amended, withdrawn or revoked.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-10-3">
<num>3</num>
<intro>
<p>For the purposes of this section the cost of giving advice or assistance shall be taken to consist of such of the following as are applicable in the circumstances, namely—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-10-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>
any disbursements, that is to say, expenses (including fees payable to
<ins class="d29p5768 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10508371" marker="F11" class="commentary attribute F"/>
an additional legal representative
</ins>
) which may be incurred by the
<ins class="d29p5774 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10508391" marker="F12" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
in, or in connection with, the giving of the advice or assistance; and
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-10-3-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>
any charges or fees (other than charges for disbursements) which would be properly chargeable by the
<ins class="d29p5786 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10508391" marker="F12" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
in respect of the advice or assistance.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-11" period="#period18">
<num>11</num>
<heading> Payment for advice or assistance otherwise than through legally assisted person’s contribution.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-11-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>This section applies to any charges or fees which, apart from section 9, would be properly chargeable in respect of advice or assistance given under this Part, in so far as those charges or fees are not payable by the legally assisted person in accordance with that section.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-11-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>
Except in so far as regulations otherwise provide, charges or fees to which this section applies shall constitute a first charge for the benefit of the
<ins class="d29p5878 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10508461" marker="F13" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-11-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>on any costs which are payable to the legally assisted person by any other person in respect of the matter in connection with which the advice or assistance is given, and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-11-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>on any property which is recovered or preserved for the legally assisted person in connection with that matter.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-11-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>
In so far as the charge created by subsection (2) above in respect of any charges or fees to which this section applies is insufficient to meet them, the deficiency shall, subject to subsection (5) below, be payable to the
<ins class="d29p5902 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10508461" marker="F13" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
by the Board.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-11-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>For the purposes of subsection (2) above, it is immaterial, in the case of costs, whether the costs are payable by virtue of a judgment, order of a court or otherwise and, in the case of property, what its nature is and where it is situated and the property within the charge includes the legally assisted person’s rights under any compromise or settlement arrived at to avoid proceedings or bring them to an end.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-11-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>For the purpose of determining what charges or fees would be properly chargeable, and whether there is a deficiency to be paid by the Board, charges or fees in respect of advice or assistance under this Part shall, in prescribed circumstances, be determined in such manner as may be prescribed.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-12" period="#period6">
<num>12</num>
<heading> Limit on costs against person receiving assistance by way of representation.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-12-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>Where a person receives any assistance by way of representation in any proceedings before a court or tribunal or at a statutory inquiry, then, except in so far as regulations otherwise provide, his liability by virtue of an order for costs made against him with respect to the proceedings shall not exceed the amount (if any) which is a reasonable one for him to pay having regard to all the circumstances, including the financial resources of all the parties and their conduct in connection with the dispute.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-12-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>Regulations shall make provision as to the court, tribunal or person by whom that amount is to be determined and the extent to which any determination of that amount is to be final.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-12-3">
<num>3</num>
<intro>
<p>None of the following, namely, a legally assisted person’s dwelling house, clothes, household furniture and the tools and implements of his trade shall—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-12-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>be taken into account in assessing his financial resources for the purposes of this section, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-12-3-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>be subject to execution or any corresponding process in any part of the United Kingdom to enforce the order,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>except so far as regulations may prescribe.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-13" period="#period6">
<num>13</num>
<heading>
Costs of successful unassisted parties.
<noteRef href="#c10508501" marker="C13" class="commentary C"/>
</heading>
<subsection eId="section-13-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>This section applies to proceedings in which a person who receives assistance by way of representation is a party and which are finally decided in favour of an unassisted party.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>In any proceedings to which this section applies the court by which the proceedings are so decided may, subject to subsections (3) and (4) below, make an order for the payment by the Board to the unassisted party of the whole or any part of the costs incurred by him in the proceedings.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Before making an order under this section, the court shall consider what order for costs should be made against the assisted party and for determining his liability in respect of such costs.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13-4">
<num>4</num>
<intro>
<p>An order under this section in respect of any costs may only be made if—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-13-4-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>an order for costs would be made in the proceedings apart from this Act;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-13-4-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>as respects the costs incurred in a court of first instance, those proceedings were instituted by the assisted party and the court is satisfied that the unassisted party will suffer severe financial hardship unless the order is made; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-13-4-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>in any case, the court is satisfied that it is just and equitable in all the circumstances of the case that provision for the costs should be made out of public funds.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>Without prejudice to any other provision restricting appeals from any court, no appeal shall lie against an order under this section, or against a refusal to make such an order, except on a point of law.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>
In this section “
<term refersTo="#term-costs">costs </term>
” means costs as between party and party, and includes the costs of applying for an order under this section; and where a party begins to receive the assistance after the proceedings have been instituted, or ceases to receive the assistance before they are finally decided or otherwise receives the assistance in connection with part only of the proceedings, the reference in subsection (2) above to the costs incurred by the unassisted party in the proceedings shall be construed as a reference to so much of those costs as is attributable to that part.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13-7">
<num>7</num>
<intro>
<p>For the purposes of this section proceedings shall be treated as finally decided in favour of the unassisted party—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-13-7-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>if no appeal lies against the decision in his favour;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-13-7-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>if an appeal lies against the decision with leave, and the time limited for applications for leave expires without leave being granted; or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-13-7-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>if leave to appeal against the decision is granted or is not required, and no appeal is brought within the time limited for appeal;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>and where an appeal against the decision is brought out of time the court by which the appeal (or any further appeal in those proceedings) is determined may make an order for the repayment by the unassisted party to the Board of the whole or any part of any sum previously paid to him under this section in respect of those proceedings.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13-8">
<num>8</num>
<intro>
<p>Where a court decides any proceedings in favour of the unassisted party and an appeal lies (with or without leave) against that decision, the court may, if it thinks fit, make or refuse to make an order under this section forthwith, but if an order is made forthwith it shall not take effect—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-13-8-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>where leave to appeal is required, unless the time limited for applications for leave to appeal expires without leave being granted;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-13-8-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>where leave to appeal is granted or is not required, unless the time limited for appeal expires without an appeal being brought.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13-9">
<num>9</num>
<content>
<p>
For the purposes of this section “
<term refersTo="#term-court">court </term>
” includes a tribunal.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
</part>
<part eId="part-IIIA" period="#period33">
<num>
<ins class="d29p199 first">
<noteRef href="#c10508521" marker="F1" class="commentary F"/>
Part IIIA
</ins>
</num>
<heading>
<ins class="d29p199 last"> Mediation</ins>
</heading>
<section eId="section-13A" period="#period34">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14050">
<noteRef href="#c10508531" marker="F52" class="commentary F"/>
13A
</ins>
</num>
<heading>
<ins class="d29p14050 first"> Scope of this Part.</ins>
</heading>
<subsection eId="section-13A-1">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14050">1</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14050">This Part applies to mediation in disputes relating to family matters.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13A-2">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14050">2</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14050"></ins>
<term refersTo="#term-family-matters">
<ins class="d29p14050">Family matters </ins>
</term>
<ins class="d29p14050">” means matters which are governed by English law and in relation to which any question has arisen, or may arise—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-13A-2-a">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14050">a</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14050">under any provision of—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<subparagraph eId="section-13A-2-a-i">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14050">i</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14050">the 1973 Act;</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="section-13A-2-a-ii">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14050">ii</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14050">the </ins>
<ins class="d29p14050">
<noteRef href="#c10508541" marker="M22" class="commentary M"/>
Domestic Proceedings and Magistrates’ Courts Act 1978;
</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="section-13A-2-a-iii">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14050">iii</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14050">Parts I to V of the </ins>
<ins class="d29p14050">
<noteRef href="#c10508551" marker="M23" class="commentary M"/>
Children Act 1989;
</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="section-13A-2-a-iv">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14050">iv</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14050">
Parts II and
<abbr class="Acronym" title="4">IV</abbr>
of the Family Law Act 1996; or
</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="section-13A-2-a-v">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14050">v</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14050">any other enactment prescribed;</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-13A-2-b">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14050">b</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14050">under any prescribed jurisdiction of a prescribed court or tribunal; or</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-13A-2-c">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14050">c</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14050">under any prescribed rule of law.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13A-3">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14050">3</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14050">Regulations may restrict this Part to mediation in disputes of any prescribed description.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13A-4">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14050">4</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14050">The power to—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-13A-4-a">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14050">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14050">make regulations under subsection (2), or</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-13A-4-b">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14050">b</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14050">revoke any regulations made under subsection (3),</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14050 last">is exercisable only with the consent of the Treasury.</ins>
</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-13B" period="#period34">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14154">13B</ins>
</num>
<heading>
<ins class="d29p14154 first">
<noteRef href="#c10508571" marker="F53" class="commentary F"/>
Provision and availability of mediation.
</ins>
</heading>
<subsection eId="section-13B-1">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14154">1</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14154">The Board may secure the provision of mediation under this Part.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13B-2">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14154">2</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14154">If mediation is provided under this Part, it is to be available to any person whose financial resources are such as, under regulations, make him eligible for mediation.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13B-3">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14154">3</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14154">A person is not to be granted mediation in relation to any dispute unless mediation appears to the mediator suitable to the dispute and the parties and all the circumstances.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13B-4">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14154">4</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14154">A grant of mediation under this Part may be amended, withdrawn or revoked.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13B-5">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14154">5</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14154">The power conferred by subsection (1) shall be exercised in accordance with any directions given by the Lord Chancellor.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13B-6">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14154">6</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14154">Any contract entered into by the Board for the provision of mediation under this Part must require the mediator to comply with a code of practice.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13B-7">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14154">7</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14154">The code must require the mediator to have arrangements designed to ensure—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-13B-7-a">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14154">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14154">that parties participate in mediation only if willing and not influenced by fear of violence or other harm;</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-13B-7-b">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14154">b</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14154">that cases where either party may be influenced by fear of violence or other harm are identified as soon as possible;</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-13B-7-c">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14154">c</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14154">that the possibility of reconciliation is kept under review throughout mediation; and</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-13B-7-d">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14154">d</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14154">that each party is informed about the availability of independent legal advice.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13B-8">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14154">8</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14154">Where there are one or more children of the family, the code must also require the mediator to have arrangements designed to ensure that the parties are encouraged to consider—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-13B-8-a">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14154">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14154">the welfare, wishes and feelings of each child; and</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-13B-8-b">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14154">b</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14154">whether and to what extent each child should be given the opportunity to express his or her wishes and feelings in the mediation.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13B-9">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14154">9</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14154">A contract entered into by the Board for the provision of mediation under this Part must also include such other provision as the Lord Chancellor may direct the Board to include.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13B-10">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14154">10</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14154 last">Directions under this section may apply generally to contracts, or to contracts of any description, entered into by the Board, but shall not be made with respect to any particular contract.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-13C" period="#period34">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">13C</ins>
</num>
<heading>
<ins class="d29p14262 first">
<noteRef href="#c10508591" marker="F54" class="commentary F"/>
Payment for mediation under this Part.
</ins>
</heading>
<subsection eId="section-13C-1">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">1</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">Except as provided by this section, the legally assisted person is not to be required to pay for mediation provided under this Part.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13C-2">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">2</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">Subsection (3) applies if the financial resources of a legally assisted person are such as, under regulations, make him liable to make a contribution.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13C-3">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">3</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">The legally assisted person is to pay to the Board in respect of the costs of providing the mediation, a contribution of such amount as is determined or fixed by or under the regulations.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13C-4">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">4</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">If the total contribution made by a person in respect of any mediation exceeds the Board’s liability on his account, the excess shall be repaid to him.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13C-5">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">5</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">Regulations may provide that, where—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-13C-5-a">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">mediation under this Part is made available to a legally assisted person, and</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-13C-5-b">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">b</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">property is recovered or preserved for the legally assisted person as a result of the mediation,</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">a sum equal to the Board’s liability on the legally assisted person’s account is, except so far as the regulations otherwise provide, to be a first charge on the property in favour of the Board.</ins>
</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13C-6">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">6</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">Regulations under subsection (5) may, in particular, make provision—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-13C-6-a">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">as to circumstances in which property is to be taken to have been, or not to have been, recovered or preserved; and</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-13C-6-b">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">b</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">as to circumstances in which the recovery or preservation of property is to be taken to be, or not to be, the result of any mediation.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13C-7">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">7</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">For the purposes of subsection (5), the nature of the property and where it is situated is immaterial.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13C-8">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">8</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">The power to make regulations under section 34(2)(f) and (8) is exercisable in relation to any charge created under subsection (5) as it is exercisable in relation to the charge created by section 16.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13C-9">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">9</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">For the purposes of subsections (4) and (5), the Board’s liability on any person’s account in relation to any mediation is the aggregate amount of—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-13C-9-a">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">the sums paid or payable by the Board on his account for the mediation, determined in accordance with subsection (10);</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-13C-9-b">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">b</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">any sums paid or payable in respect of its net liability on his account, determined in accordance with subsection (11) and the regulations—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<subparagraph eId="section-13C-9-b-i">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">i</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">in respect of any proceedings, and</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="section-13C-9-b-ii">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">ii</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">for any advice or assistance under Part III in connection with the proceedings or any matter to which the proceedings relate,</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">so far as the proceedings relate to any matter to which the mediation relates; and</ins>
</p>
</wrapUp>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-13C-9-c">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">c</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">any sums paid or payable in respect of its net liability on his account, determined in accordance with the regulations, for any other advice or assistance under Part III in connection with the mediation or any matter to which the mediation relates.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13C-10">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">10</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">For the purposes of subsection (9)(a), the sums paid or payable by the Board on any person’s account for any mediation are—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-13C-10-a">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">sums determined under the contract between the Board and the mediator as payable by the Board on that person’s account for the mediation; or</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-13C-10-b">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">b</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262">if the contract does not differentiate between such sums and sums payable on any other person’s account or for any other mediation, such part of the remuneration payable under the contract as may be specified in writing by the Board.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-13C-11">
<num>
<ins class="d29p14262">11</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p14262 last">For the purposes of subsection (9)(b), the Board’s net liability on any person’s account in relation to any proceedings is its net liability on his account under section 16(9)(a) and (b) in relation to the proceedings.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
</part>
<part eId="part-IV">
<num>Part IV</num>
<heading> Civil Legal Aid</heading>
<section eId="section-14" period="#period18">
<num>14</num>
<heading> Scope of this Part.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-14-1">
<num>1</num>
<intro>
<p>This Part applies to such proceedings before courts or tribunals or at statutory inquiries in England and Wales as—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-14-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>are proceedings of a description for the time being specified in Part I of Schedule 2 to this Act, except proceedings for the time being specified in Part II of that Schedule, and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-14-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>are not proceedings for which representation may be granted under Part V,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>and representation under this Part shall be available to any person subject to and in accordance with sections 15 and 16.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-14-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>Subject to subsection (3) below, Schedule 2 may be varied by regulations so as to extend or restrict the categories of proceedings for the purposes of which representation is available under this Part, by reference to the court, tribunal or statutory inquiry, to the issues involved, to the capacity in which the person seeking representation is concerned or otherwise.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-14-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>
Regulations under subsection (2) above may not have the effect of adding any proceedings before any court or tribunal or at any statutory inquiry before or at which persons have no right, and are not normally allowed, to be represented by
<ins class="d29p6174 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10508631" marker="F14" class="commentary attribute F"/>
a legal representative
</ins>
.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-14-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>Regulations under subsection (2) above which extend the categories of proceedings for the purposes of which representation is available under this Part shall not be made without the consent of the Treasury.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-15" period="#period29">
<num>15</num>
<heading> Availability of, and payment for, representation under this Part.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-15-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>
Subject to subsections (2)
<ins class="d29p6456 first">
<noteRef href="#c10508811" marker="F15" class="commentary attribute F"/>
to
</ins>
<ins class="d29p6456 last">
<ins class="d29p6458 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10508821" marker="F16" class="commentary attribute F"/>
(3D)
</ins>
</ins>
below, representation under this Part for the purposes of proceedings to which this Part applies shall be available to any person whose financial resources are such as, under regulations, make him eligible for representation under this Part.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-15-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>A person shall not be granted representation for the purposes of any proceedings unless he satisfies the Board that he has reasonable grounds for taking, defending or being a party to the proceedings.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-15-3">
<num>3</num>
<intro>
<p>A person may be refused representation for the purposes of any proceedings if, in the particular circumstances of the case it appears to the Board—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-15-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>unreasonable that he should be granted representation under this Part, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-15-3-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>more appropriate that he should be given assistance by way of representation under Part III;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>and regulations may prescribe the criteria for determining any questions arising under paragraph (b) above.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-15-3A">
<num>
<ins class="d29p6489 first">
<noteRef href="#c10508831" marker="F17" class="commentary attribute F"/>
3A
</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="d29p6489">Representation under this Part shall not be available—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-15-3A-a">
<num>
<ins class="d29p6489">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p6489 last">to any local authority; or</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-15-3A-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>
to any other body which falls within a prescribed description,
<ins class="d29p6509 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10508841" marker="F18" class="commentary attribute F"/>
or
</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-15-3A-c">
<num>
<ins class="d29p6512 first">
<noteRef href="#c10508841" marker="F18" class="commentary attribute F"/>
c
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p6512">to a guardian</ins>
<em>
<ins class="d29p6512">ad litem</ins>
</em>
<ins class="d29p6512 last">,</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>for the purposes of any proceedings under the Children Act 1989.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-15-3B">
<num>3B</num>
<content>
<p>Regardless of subsection (2) or (3), representation under this Part must be granted where a child who is brought before a court under section 25 of the 1989 Act (use of accommodation for restricting liberty) is not, but wishes to be, legally represented before the court.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-15-3C">
<num>
<ins class="d29p6531 first">
<noteRef href="#c10508861" marker="F19" class="commentary F"/>
3C
</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="d29p6531">Subject to subsection (3A) but regardless of subsections (2) or (3), representation under this Part must be granted to the child in respect of whom the application is made, to any parent of such a child and to any person with parental responsibility for him within the meaning of the 1989 Act to cover proceedings relating to an application for the following orders under that Act—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-15-3C-a">
<num>
<ins class="d29p6531">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p6531">an order under section 31 (a care or supervision order);</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-15-3C-b">
<num>
<ins class="d29p6531">b</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p6531">an order under section 43 (a child assessment order);</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-15-3C-c">
<num>
<ins class="d29p6531">c</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p6531">an order under section 44 (an emergency protection order); or</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-15-3C-d">
<num>
<ins class="d29p6531">d</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p6531">an order under section 45 (extension or discharge of an emergency protection order).</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-15-3D">
<num>
<ins class="d29p6531">3D</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p6531">Subject to subsections (2) and (3), representation must be granted to cover proceedings relating to an appeal against an order made under section 31 of the 1989 Act to a person who has been granted representation by virtue of subsection (3C).</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-15-3E">
<num>
<ins class="d29p6531">3E</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p6531 last">Subject to subsections (1) and (3A) but regardless of subsections (2) or (3), representation under this Part must be granted where a person applies to be or has been joined as a party to any of the proceedings mentioned in subsection (3C).</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-15-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>Representation under this Part may be granted by the Board with or without limitations and may be amended, withdrawn or revoked.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-15-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>Where the case is one in which the Board has power to secure the provision of representation under this Part by means of contracts with other persons, the grant of representation under this Part may be limited under subsection (4) above as regards the persons who may represent the legally assisted person to representation only in pursuance of a contract made with the Board.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-15-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>
Except in so far as he is required under section 16 to make a contribution, a legally assisted person shall not be required to make any payment in respect of representation under this Part and it shall be for the Board to pay his
<ins class="d29p6595 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10508871" marker="F20" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-15-7">
<num>7</num>
<intro>
<p>The Board’s obligation under subsection (6) above is—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-15-7-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>
in the case of representation provided in pursuance of a contract between the Board and the legally assisted person’s
<ins class="d29p6611 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10508881" marker="F21" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
, to make such payments as are due under the contract; and
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-15-7-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>in the case of representation provided otherwise than in pursuance of such a contract, to make such payments as are authorised by regulations.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-15-8">
<num>8</num>
<content>
<p>
Nothing in subsection (6) above affects the duty of the
<ins class="d29p6627 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10508881" marker="F21" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
to pay in the first instance expenses incurred in connection with the proceedings that would ordinarily be paid in the first instance by a person’s
<ins class="d29p6631 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10508881" marker="F21" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-16" period="#period17">
<num>16</num>
<heading> Reimbursement of Board by contributions and out of costs or property recovered.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-16-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>A legally assisted person shall, if his financial resources are such as, under regulations, make him liable to make such a contribution, pay to the Board a contribution in respect of the costs of his being represented under this Part.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-16-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>The contribution to be required of him by the Board shall be determined by the Board in accordance with the regulations and may take the form of periodical payments or one or more capital sums or both.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-16-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>The contribution required of a person may, in the case of periodical payments, be made payable by reference to the period during which he is represented under this Part or any shorter period and, in the case of a capital sum, be made payable by instalments.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-16-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>If the total contribution made by a person in respect of any proceedings exceeds the net liability of the Board on his account, the excess shall be repaid to him.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-16-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>Any sums recovered by virtue of an order or agreement for costs made in favour of a legally assisted person with respect to the proceedings shall be paid to the Board.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-16-6">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10509271" marker="C14" class="commentary C"/>
6
</num>
<intro>
<p>Except so far as regulations otherwise provide—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-16-6-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>any sums remaining unpaid on account of a person’s contribution in respect of the sums payable by the Board in respect of any proceedings, and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-16-6-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>a sum equal to any deficiency by reason of his total contribution being less than the net liability of the Board on his account,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>shall be a first charge for the benefit of the Board on any property which is recovered or preserved for him in the proceedings.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-16-7">
<num>7</num>
<content>
<p>For the purposes of subsection (6) above it is immaterial what the nature of the property is and where it is situated and the property within the charge includes the rights of a person under any compromise or settlement arrived at to avoid the proceedings or bring them to an end and any sums recovered by virtue of an order for costs made in his favour in the proceedings (not being sums payable to the Board under subsection (5) above).</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-16-8">
<num>8</num>
<content>
<p>
The charge created by subsection (6) above on any damages or costs shall not prevent a court allowing them to be set off against other damages or costs in any case where a
<ins class="d29p7521 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10509281" marker="F22" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative’s
</ins>
lien for costs would not prevent it.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-16-9">
<num>9</num>
<intro>
<p>In this section references to the net liability of the Board on a legally assisted person’s account in relation to any proceedings are references to the aggregate amount of—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-16-9-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>
the sums paid or payable by the Board on his account in respect of those proceedings to any
<ins class="d29p7537 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10509291" marker="F23" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
, and
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-16-9-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>any sums so paid or payable for any advice or assistance under Part III in connection with those proceedings or any matter to which those proceedings relate,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>being sums not recouped by the Board by sums which are recoverable by virtue of an order or agreement for costs made in his favour with respect to those proceedings or by virtue of any right of his to be indemnified against expenses incurred by him in connection with those proceedings.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-16-10">
<num>10</num>
<content>
<p>Where a legally assisted person has been represented in any proceedings in pursuance of a contract made with the Board on terms which do not differentiate between the remuneration for his and other cases, the reference in subsection (9)(a) above to the sums paid or payable by the Board on his account in respect of the proceedings shall be construed as a reference to such part of the remuneration payable under the contract as may be specified in writing by the Board.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-17" period="#period6">
<num>17</num>
<heading> Limit on costs against assisted party.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-17-1">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10509371" marker="C15" class="commentary C"/>
<noteRef href="#c10509381" marker="C16" class="commentary C"/>
<noteRef href="#c10509391" marker="C17" class="commentary C"/>
1
</num>
<content>
<p>The liability of a legally assisted party under an order for costs made against him with respect to any proceedings shall not exceed the amount (if any) which is a reasonable one for him to pay having regard to all the circumstances, including the financial resources of all the parties and their conduct in connection with the dispute.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-17-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>Regulations shall make provision as to the court, tribunal or person by whom that amount is to be determined and the extent to which any determination of that amount is to be final.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-17-3">
<num>3</num>
<intro>
<p>None of the following, namely, a legally assisted person’s dwelling house, clothes, household furniture and the tools and implements of his trade shall—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-17-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>be taken into account in assessing his financial resources for the purposes of this section, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-17-3-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>be subject to execution or any corresponding process in any part of the United Kingdom to enforce the order,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>except so far as regulations may prescribe.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-18" period="#period6">
<num>18</num>
<heading>
Costs of successful unassisted parties.
<noteRef href="#c10509411" marker="C18" class="commentary C"/>
</heading>
<subsection eId="section-18-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>This section applies to proceedings to which a legally assisted person is a party and which are finally decided in favour of an unassisted party.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-18-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>In any proceedings to which this section applies the court by which the proceedings were so decided may, subject to subsections (3) and (4) below, make an order for the payment by the Board to the unassisted party of the whole or any part of the costs incurred by him in the proceedings.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-18-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Before making an order under this section, the court shall consider what order for costs should be made against the assisted party and for determining his liability in respect of such costs.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-18-4">
<num>4</num>
<intro>
<p>An order under this section in respect of any costs may only be made if—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-18-4-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>an order for costs would be made in the proceedings apart from this Act;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-18-4-b">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10509421" marker="C19" class="commentary C"/>
b
</num>
<content>
<p>as respects the costs incurred in a court of first instance, those proceedings were instituted by the assisted party and the court is satisfied that the unassisted party will suffer severe financial hardship unless the order is made; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-18-4-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>in any case, the court is satisfied that it is just and equitable in all the circumstances of the case that provision for the costs should be made out of public funds.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-18-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>Without prejudice to any other provision restricting appeals from any court, no appeal shall lie against an order under this section, or against a refusal to make such an order, except on a point of law.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-18-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>
In this section “
<term refersTo="#term-costs">costs </term>
” means costs as between party and party, and includes the costs of applying for an order under this section; and where a party begins to receive representation after the proceedings have been instituted, or ceases to receive representation before they are finally decided or otherwise receives representation in connection with part only of the proceedings, the reference in subsection (2) above to the costs incurred by the unassisted party in the proceedings shall be construed as a reference to so much of those costs as is attributable to that part.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-18-7">
<num>7</num>
<intro>
<p>For the purposes of this section proceedings shall be treated as finally decided in favour of the unassisted party—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-18-7-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>if no appeal lies against the decision in his favour;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-18-7-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>if an appeal lies against the decision with leave, and the time limited for applications for leave expires without leave being granted; or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-18-7-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>if leave to appeal against the decision is granted or is not required, and no appeal is brought within the time limited for appeal;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>and where an appeal against the decision is brought out of time the court by which the appeal (or any further appeal in those proceedings) is determined may make an order for the repayment by the unassisted party to the Board of the whole or any part of any sum previously paid to him under this section in respect of those proceedings.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-18-8">
<num>8</num>
<intro>
<p>Where a court decides any proceedings in favour of the unassisted party and an appeal lies (with or without leave) against that decision, the court may, if it thinks fit, make or refuse to make an order under this section forthwith, but if an order is made forthwith it shall not take effect—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-18-8-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>where leave to appeal is required, unless the time limited for applications for leave to appeal expires without leave being granted;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-18-8-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>where leave to appeal is granted or is not required, unless the time limited for appeal expires without an appeal being brought.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-18-9">
<num>9</num>
<content>
<p>
For the purposes of this section “
<term refersTo="#term-court">court </term>
” includes a tribunal.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
</part>
<part eId="part-V">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10509441" marker="C6" class="commentary C"/>
Part V
</num>
<heading> Criminal Legal Aid</heading>
<section eId="section-19" period="#period27">
<num>19</num>
<heading> Scope of this Part.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-19-1">
<num>1</num>
<intro>
<p>This Part applies to criminal proceedings before any of the following—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-19-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>a magistrates’ court;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-19-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>the Crown Court;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-19-1-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>the criminal division of the Court of Appeal or the Courts-Martial Appeal Court; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-19-1-d">
<num>d</num>
<content>
<p>the House of Lords in the exercise of its jurisdiction in relation to appeals from either of those courts;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>and representation under this Part shall be available to any person subject to and in accordance with sections 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-19-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>Representation under this Part for the purposes of the proceedings before any court extends to any proceedings preliminary or incidental to the proceedings, including bail proceedings, whether before that or another court.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-19-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Representation under this Part for the purposes of the proceedings before a magistrates’ court extends to any proceedings before a juvenile court or other magistrates’ court to which the case is remitted.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-19-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>
In subsection (2) above in its application to bail proceedings, “
<term refersTo="#term-court">court </term>
” has the same meaning as in the
<noteRef href="#c10509521" marker="M4" class="commentary M"/>
Bail Act 1976, but that subsection does not extend representation to bail proceedings before a judge of the High Court exercising the jurisdiction of that Court.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-19-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>In this Part—</p>
<blockList class="unordered">
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-competent-authority">competent authority </term>
” is to be construed in accordance with section 20;
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-court-of-appeal">Court of Appeal </term>
” means the criminal division of that Court;
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-criminal-proceedings">criminal proceedings </term>
” includes proceedings for dealing with an offender for an offence or in respect of a sentence or as a fugitive offender and also includes proceedings instituted under section 115 of the
<noteRef href="#c10509531" marker="M5" class="commentary M"/>
Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (binding over) in respect of an actual or apprehended breach of the peace or other misbehaviour and proceedings for dealing with a person for a failure to comply with a condition of a recognizance to keep the peace or be of good behaviour;
<ins class="d29p8067 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10509541" marker="F24" class="commentary attribute F"/>
and also includes proceedings under section 15 of the Children and Young Persons’Act1969(variation and discharge of supervision orders) and section 16(8)of that Act (appeals in such proceedings).
</ins>
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-proceedings-for-dealing-with-an-offender-as-a-fugitive-offender">proceedings for dealing with an offender as a fugitive offender </term>
” means proceedings before a metropolitan stipendiary magistrate under section 9 of the
<noteRef href="#c10509551" marker="M6" class="commentary M"/>
Extradition Act 1870, section 7 of the
<noteRef href="#c10509561" marker="M7" class="commentary M"/>
Fugitive Offenders Act 1967 or section 6 of the
<noteRef href="#c10509571" marker="M8" class="commentary M"/>
Criminal Justice Act 1988; and
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-remitted">remitted </term>
”, in relation to a juvenile court,, means remitted under section 56(1) of the
<noteRef href="#c10509581" marker="M9" class="commentary M"/>
Children and Young Persons Act 1933;
</p>
</item>
</blockList>
<p>and any reference, in relation to representation for the purposes of any proceedings, to the proceedings before a court includes a reference to any proceedings to which representation under this Part extends by virtue of subsection (2) or (3) above.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-20" period="#period21">
<num>20</num>
<heading> Competent authorities to grant representation under this Part.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-20-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>Subject to any provision made by virtue of subsection (10) below, the following courts are competent to grant representation under this Part for the purposes of the following proceedings, on an application made for the purpose.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-20-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>The court before which any proceedings take place, or are to take place, is always competent as respects those proceedings, except that this does not apply to the House of Lords; and, in the case of the Court of Appeal and the Courts-Martial Appeal Court, the reference to proceedings which are to take place includes proceedings which may take place if notice of appeal is given or an application for leave to appeal is made.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-20-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>The Court of Appeal or, as the case may be, the Courts-Martial Appeal Court is also competent as respects proceedings on appeal from decisions of theirs to the House of Lords.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-20-4">
<num>4</num>
<intro>
<p>The magistrates’ court—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-20-4-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>which commits a person for trial or sentence or to be dealt with in respect of a sentence,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-20-4-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>
which has been given a notice of transfer under section 4 of the
<noteRef href="#c10509731" marker="M10" class="commentary M"/>
Criminal Justice Act 1987 (transfer of serious fraud cases) ,
<noteRef href="#c10509741" marker="F25" class="commentary F"/>
...
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-20-4-bb">
<num>
<ins class="d29p8366 first">
<noteRef href="#c10509751" marker="F26" class="commentary F"/>
bb
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p8366 last">which has been given a notice of transfer under Part I of the Schedule to the War Crimes Act 1991, or</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-20-4-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>from which a person appeals against his conviction or sentence,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>is also competent as respects the proceedings before the Crown Court.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-20-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>The magistrates’ court inquiring into an offence as examining justices is also competent, before it decides whether or not to commit the person for trial, as respects any proceedings before the Crown Court on his trial.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-20-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>
The Crown Court is also competent as respects applications for leave to appeal and proceedings on any appeal to the Court of Appeal under section 9(11) of the
<noteRef href="#c10509761" marker="M11" class="commentary M"/>
Criminal Justice Act 1987 (appeals against orders or rulings at preparatory hearings).
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-20-7">
<num>7</num>
<content>
<p>
On ordering a retrial under section 7 of the
<noteRef href="#c10509771" marker="M12" class="commentary M"/>
Criminal Appeal Act 1968 (new trials ordered by Court of Appeal or House of Lords on fresh evidence) the court ordering the retrial is also competent as respects the proceedings before the Crown Court.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-20-8">
<num>8</num>
<content>
<p>Any magistrates’ court to which, in accordance with regulations, a person applies for representation when he has been arrested for an offence but has not appeared or been brought before a court is competent as respects the proceedings in relation to the offence in any magistrates’ court.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-20-9">
<num>9</num>
<content>
<p>In the event of the Lord Chancellor making an order under section 3(4) as respects the function of granting representation under this Part for the purposes of proceedings before any court, the Board shall be competent as respects those proceedings, on an application made for the purpose.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-20-10">
<num>10</num>
<content>
<p>An order under section 3(4) may make provision restricting or excluding the competence of any court mentioned in any of subsections (2) to (8) above and may contain such transitional provisions as appear to the Lord Chancellor necessary or expedient.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-21" period="#period12">
<num>21</num>
<heading> Availability of representation under this Part.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-21-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>Representation under this Part for the purposes of any criminal proceedings shall be available in accordance with this section to the accused or convicted person but shall not be available to the prosecution except in the case of an appeal to the Crown Court against conviction or sentence, for the purpose of enabling an individual who is not acting in an official capacity to resist the appeal.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-21-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>Subject to subsection (5) below, representation may be granted where it appears to the competent authority to be desirable to do so in the interests of justice; and section 22 applies for the interpretation of this subsection in relation to the proceedings to which that section applies.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-21-3">
<num>3</num>
<intro>
<p>Subject to subsection (5) below, representation must be granted—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-21-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>where a person is committed for trial on a charge of murder, for his trial;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-21-3-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>where the prosecutor appeals or applies for leave to appeal to the House of Lords, for the proceedings on the appeal;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-21-3-c">
<num>c</num>
<intro>
<p>where a person charged with an offence before a magistrates’ court—</p>
</intro>
<subparagraph eId="section-21-3-c-i">
<num>i</num>
<content>
<p>is brought before the court in pursuance of a remand in custody when he may be again remanded or committed in custody, and</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="section-21-3-c-ii">
<num>ii</num>
<content>
<p>is not, but wishes to be, legally represented before the court (not having been legally represented when he was so remanded),</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>for so much of the proceedings as relates to the grant of bail; and</p>
</wrapUp>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-21-3-d">
<num>d</num>
<intro>
<p>where a person—</p>
</intro>
<subparagraph eId="section-21-3-d-i">
<num>i</num>
<content>
<p>is to be sentenced or otherwise dealt with for an offence by a magistrates’ court or the Crown Court, and</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="section-21-3-d-ii">
<num>ii</num>
<content>
<p>is to be kept in custody to enable enquiries or a report to be made to assist the court,</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>for the proceedings on sentencing or otherwise dealing with him.</p>
</wrapUp>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-21-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>Subject to any provision made under section 3(4) by virtue of section 20(10), in a case falling within subsection (3)(a) above, it shall be for the magistrates’ court which commits the person for trial, and not for the Crown Court, to make the grant of representation for his trial.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-21-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>Representation shall not be granted to any person unless it appears to the competent authority that his financial resources are such as, under regulations, make him eligible for representation under this Part.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-21-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>Before making a determination for the purposes of subsection (5) above in the case of any person, the competent authority shall, except in prescribed cases, require a statement of his financial resources in the prescribed form to be furnished to the authority.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-21-7">
<num>7</num>
<content>
<p>Where a doubt arises whether representation under this Part should be granted to any person, the doubt shall be resolved in that person’s favour.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-21-8">
<num>8</num>
<content>
<p>Where an application for representation for the purposes of an appeal to the Court of Appeal or the Courts-Martial Appeal Court is made to a competent authority before the giving of notice of appeal or the making of an application for leave to appeal, the authority may, in the first instance, exercise its power to grant representation by making a grant consisting of advice on the question whether there appear to be reasonable grounds of appeal and assistance in the preparation of an application for leave to appeal or in the giving of a notice of appeal.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-21-9">
<num>9</num>
<content>
<p>Representation granted by a competent authority may be amended or withdrawn, whether by that or another authority competent to grant representation under this Part.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-21-10">
<num>10</num>
<content>
<p>Regulations may provide for an appeal to lie to a specified court or body against any refusal by a magistrates’ court to grant representation under this Part and for that other court or body to make any grant of representation that could have been made by the magistrates’ court.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-21-11">
<num>11</num>
<content>
<p>
Subsection (3) above shall have effect in its application to a person who has not attained the age of eighteen as if the references in paragraphs (c) and (d) to remand in custody and to being remanded or kept in custody included references to being committed under section 23 of the
<noteRef href="#c10510161" marker="M13" class="commentary M"/>
Children and Young Persons Act 1969 to the care of a local authority or a remand centre.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-22" period="#period7">
<num>22</num>
<heading> Criteria for grant of representation for trial proceedings.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-22-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>This section applies to proceedings by way of a trial by or before a magistrates’ court or the Crown Court or on an appeal to the Crown Court against a person’s conviction.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-22-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>The factors to be taken into account by a competent authority in determining whether it is in the interests of justice that representation be granted for the purposes of proceedings to which this section applies to an accused shall include the following—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-22-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>the offence is such that if proved it is likely that the court would impose a sentence which would deprive the accused of his liberty or lead to loss of his livelihood or serious damage to his reputation;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-22-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>the determination of the case may involve consideration of a substantial question of law;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-22-2-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>the accused may be unable to understand the proceedings or to state his own case because of his inadequate knowledge of English, mental illness or other mental or physical disability;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-22-2-d">
<num>d</num>
<content>
<p>the nature of the defence is such as to involve the tracing and interviewing of witnesses or expert cross-examination of a witness for the prosecution;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-22-2-e">
<num>e</num>
<content>
<p>it is in the interests of someone other than the accused that the accused be represented.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-22-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>The Lord Chancellor may, by order, vary the factors listed in subsection (2) above by amending factors in the list or by adding new factors to the list.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-23" period="#period13">
<num>23</num>
<heading> Reimbursement of public funds by contributions.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-23-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>Where representation under this Part is granted to any person whose financial resources are such as, under regulations, make him liable to make a contribution, the competent authority shall order him to pay a contribution in respect of the costs of his being represented under this Part.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-23-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>Where the legally assisted person has not attained the age of sixteen, the competent authority may, instead of or in addition to ordering him to make a contribution, order any person—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-23-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>who is an appropriate contributor in relation to him, and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-23-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>whose financial resources are such as, under regulations, make him liable to make a contribution,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>to pay a contribution in respect of the costs of the representation granted to the legally assisted person.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-23-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Regulations may authorise the making of a contribution order under subsection (1) or (2) above after the grant of representation in prescribed circumstances.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-23-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>The amount of the contribution to be required under subsection (1) or (2) above by the competent authority shall be such as is determined in accordance with the regulations.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-23-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>A legally assisted person or appropriate contributor may be required to make his contribution in one sum or by instalments as may be prescribed.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-23-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>Regulations may provide that no contribution order shall be made in connection with a grant of representation under this Part for the purposes of proceedings in the Crown Court, the Court of Appeal or the House of Lords in a case where a contribution order was made in connection with a grant of such representation to the person in question in respect of proceedings in a lower court.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-23-7">
<num>7</num>
<intro>
<p>Subject to subsection (8) below, if the total contribution made in respect of the costs of representing any person under this Part exceeds those costs, the excess shall be repaid—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-23-7-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>where the contribution was made by one person only, to him; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-23-7-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>where the contribution was made by two or more persons, to them in proportion to the amounts contributed by them.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-23-8">
<num>8</num>
<intro>
<p>
Where a contribution has been made in respect of the costs of representing any person under this Part in any proceedings and an order for costs is made in favour of that person in respect of those proceedings, then, where sums due under the order for costs are paid to the Board or the Lord Chancellor under section 20(2) of the
<noteRef href="#c10510291" marker="M14" class="commentary M"/>
Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 (recovery regulations)—
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-23-8-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>if the costs of the representation do not exceed the sums so paid, subsection (7) above shall not apply and the contribution shall be repaid;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-23-8-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>if the costs of the representation do exceed the sums so paid, subsection (7) above shall apply as if the costs of the representation were equal to the excess.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-23-9">
<num>9</num>
<content>
<p>References in subsection (8) above to the costs of representation include any charge or fee treated as part of those costs by section 26(2).</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-23-10">
<num>10</num>
<content>
<p>In this Part—</p>
<blockList class="unordered">
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-appropriate-contributor">appropriate contributor </term>
”, means a person of a description prescribed under section 34(2)(c); and
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-contribution-order">contribution order </term>
” means an order under subsection (1) or (2) above.
</p>
</item>
</blockList>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-24" period="#period7">
<num>24</num>
<heading> Contribution orders: supplementary.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-24-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>Where a competent authority grants representation under this Part and in connection with the grant makes a contribution order under which any sum is required to be paid on the making of the order, it may direct that the grant of representation shall not take effect until that sum is paid.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-24-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>Where a legally assisted person fails to pay any relevant contribution when it is due, the court in which the proceedings for the purposes of which he has been granted representation are being heard may, subject to subsection (3) below, revoke the grant.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-24-3">
<num>3</num>
<intro>
<p>A court shall not exercise the power conferred by subsection (2) above unless, after affording the legally assisted person an opportunity of making representations in such manner as may be prescribed, it is satisfied—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-24-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>that he was able to pay the relevant contribution when it was due; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-24-3-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>that he is able to pay the whole or part of it but has failed or refused to do so.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-24-4">
<num>4</num>
<intro>
<p>
In subsection (2) above “
<term refersTo="#term-relevant-contribution">relevant contribution </term>
”, in relation to a legally assisted person, means any sum—
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-24-4-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>which he is required to pay by a contribution order made in connection with the grant to him of representation under this Part, and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-24-4-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>which falls due after the making of the order and before the conclusion of the proceedings for the purposes of which he has been granted such representation.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-24-5">
<num>5</num>
<intro>
<p>Regulations with respect to contribution orders may—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-24-5-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>provide for their variation or revocation in prescribed circumstances;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-24-5-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>provide for their making in default of the prescribed evidence of a person’s financial resources;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-24-5-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>regulate their making after the grant of representation;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-24-5-d">
<num>d</num>
<content>
<p>authorise the remission or authorise or require the repayment in prescribed circumstances of sums due or paid under such orders; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-24-5-e">
<num>e</num>
<content>
<p>prescribe the court or body by which any function under the regulations is to be exercisable.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-24-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>Schedule 3 to this Act shall have effect with respect to the enforcement of contribution orders.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-25" period="#period19">
<num>25</num>
<heading> Payment of costs of representation under this Part.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-25-1">
<num>1</num>
<intro>
<p>Where representation under this Part has been granted to any person the costs of representing him shall be paid—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-25-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>by the Lord Chancellor, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-25-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>by the Board,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>as the Lord Chancellor may direct.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-25-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>
Subject to regulations, the costs of representing any person under this Part shall include sums on account of the fees payable to his
<ins class="d29p10071 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10510361" marker="F27" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
and disbursements reasonably incurred by his
<ins class="d29p10075 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10510361" marker="F27" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
for or in connection with his representation.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-25-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>The costs required by this section to be paid in respect of representing him shall not include any sum in respect of allowances to witnesses attending to give evidence in the proceedings for the purposes of which he is represented in any case where such allowances are payable under any other enactment.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-26" period="#period19">
<num>26</num>
<heading> Payment for advice or assistance where representation under this Part is subsequently granted.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-26-1">
<num>1</num>
<intro>
<p>This section has effect where—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-26-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>advice or assistance under Part III is given to a person in respect of any matter which is or becomes the subject of criminal proceedings against him; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-26-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>he is subsequently granted representation under this Part for the purposes of those proceedings.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-26-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>
If the
<ins class="d29p10183 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10510431" marker="F28" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
acting for the person under the grant of representation is the
<ins class="d29p10187 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10510441" marker="F29" class="commentary attribute F"/>
one
</ins>
who gave him the advice or assistance, any charge or fee in respect of the advice or assistance which, apart from this section, would fall to be secured, recovered or paid as provided by section 11 shall instead be paid under section 25 as if it were part of the costs of the representation.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-26-3">
<num>3</num>
<intro>
<p>If a contribution order is made in connection with the grant of representation under this Part to him—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-26-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>any sum which he is required by virtue of section 9(6) or (7) to pay in respect of the advice or assistance (whether or not already paid) shall be credited against the contribution to be made by him under the contribution order; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-26-3-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>section 25 shall have effect in a case to which subsection (2) above applies as if the charges and fees properly chargeable in respect of the advice or assistance were part of the costs of the representation under this Part and as if any such sum as is mentioned in paragraph (a) above which he has paid were part of the contribution made under the contribution order.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
</section>
</part>
<part eId="part-VI">
<num>Part VI</num>
<heading> Legal Aid in Special Cases</heading>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="part-VI-crossheading-care-proceedings" period="#period7">
<heading> Care proceedings</heading>
<section eId="section-27" period="#period26">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10510621" marker="F2" class="commentary F"/>
27
</num>
<heading>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</heading>
<content>
<p/>
</content>
</section>
<section eId="section-28" period="#period26">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10510681" marker="F3" class="commentary F"/>
28
</num>
<heading>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</heading>
<content>
<p/>
</content>
</section>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="part-VI-crossheading-contempt-proceedings">
<heading> Contempt proceedings</heading>
<section eId="section-29" period="#period20">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10510711" marker="I1" class="commentary I"/>
29
</num>
<heading> Representation in contempt proceedings.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-29-1">
<num>1</num>
<intro>
<p>This section applies to any proceedings where a person is liable to be committed or fined—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-29-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>
by a magistrates’ court under section 12 of the
<noteRef href="#c10510721" marker="M15" class="commentary M"/>
Contempt of Court Act 1981;
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-29-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>
by a county court under section 14, 92 or 118 of the
<noteRef href="#c10510731" marker="M16" class="commentary M"/>
County Courts Act 1984;
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-29-1-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>by any superior court for contempt in the face of that or any other court;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>
and in this Act “
<term refersTo="#term-proceedings-for-contempt">proceedings for contempt </term>
” means so much of any proceedings as relates to dealing with a person as mentioned in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) above.
</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-29-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>In any proceedings for contempt against a person the court may order that he be granted representation under this section for the purposes of the proceedings if it appears to the court to be desirable to do so in the interests of justice.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-29-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>
In this section, “
<term refersTo="#term-superior-court">superior court </term>
” means the Court of Appeal, the High Court, the Crown Court, the Courts-Martial Appeal Court, the Restrictive Practices Court, the Employment Appeal Tribunal and any other court exercising in relation to its proceedings powers equivalent to those of the High Court, and includes the House of Lords in the exercise of its jurisdiction in relation to appeals from courts in England and Wales.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="part-VI-crossheading-supplementary">
<heading> Supplementary</heading>
<section eId="section-30" period="#period30">
<num>30</num>
<heading> Supplementary.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-30-1">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10510771" marker="F30" class="commentary F"/>
1
</num>
<content>
<p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-30-2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10510771" marker="F30" class="commentary F"/>
2
</num>
<content>
<p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-30-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>In Part V, section 25 shall apply for the purposes of representation in proceedings for contempt as it applies for the purposes of representation under that Part in criminal proceedings.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
</hcontainer>
</part>
<part eId="part-VII">
<num>Part VII</num>
<heading> General and Supplementary</heading>
<section eId="section-31" period="#period24">
<num>31</num>
<heading> Act not generally to affect position of legal representatives or other parties.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-31-1">
<num>1</num>
<intro>
<p>Except as expressly provided by this Act or regulations under it—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-31-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>
the fact that the services of
<ins class="d29p11267 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511051" marker="F31" class="commentary attribute F"/>
a legal representative
</ins>
are given under this Act shall not affect the relationship between or rights of
<ins class="d29p11273 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511061" marker="F32" class="commentary attribute F"/>
the legal representative
</ins>
and client or any privilege arising out of such relationship; and
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-31-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>the rights conferred by this Act on a person receiving advice, assistance or representation under it shall not affect the rights or liabilities of other parties to the proceedings or the principles on which the discretion of any court or tribunal is normally exercised.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-31-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>
Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1)(b) above, for the purpose of determining the costs of a legally assisted person in pursuance of an order for costs or an agreement for costs in his favour (other than an order under Part II of the
<noteRef href="#c10511071" marker="M17" class="commentary M"/>
Prosecution of Offences Act 1985) the services of his
<ins class="d29p11293 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511081" marker="F33" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
shall be treated as having been provided otherwise than under this Act and his
<ins class="d29p11299 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511091" marker="F34" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative shall be treated as having paid the fees of any additional legal representative instructed by him
</ins>
.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-31-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>A person who provides advice, assistance or representation under this Act shall not take any payment in respect of the advice, assistance or representation except such payment as is made by the Board or authorised by, or by regulations under, this Act.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-31-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>The revocation under this Act of a grant (or, in the case of Part III, of approval for a grant) of advice, assistance or representation to a legally assisted person shall not affect the right of any legal representative of his, arising otherwise than under a contract, to remuneration for work done before the date of the revocation.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-32" period="#period18">
<num>32</num>
<heading> Selection and assignment of legal representatives.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-32-1">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10511401" marker="C20" class="commentary C"/>
1
</num>
<content>
<p>
Subject to the provisions of this section, a person entitled to receive advice or assistance or representation may
<ins class="d29p11531 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511411" marker="F35" class="commentary attribute F"/>
select the legal representative to advise, assist or act for him from among the legal representatives willing
</ins>
to provide advice, assistance or representation under this Act.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-32-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>
Where the Board limits a grant of representation under Part IV to representation in pursuance of a contract made by the Board, it may, as it thinks fit, assign to the legally assisted person
<ins class="d29p11541 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511421" marker="F36" class="commentary attribute F"/>
one or more legal representatives or direct that he may only select a legal representative from among those with whom such a contract subsists.
</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-32-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>
A person’s right to select his
<ins class="d29p11550 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511431" marker="F37" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
is subject, in the case of representation under Part V, to regulations under subsection (8) below.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-32-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>Subsection (1) above does not confer any right of selection in relation to proceedings under section 29 for the purposes of proceedings for contempt.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-32-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>
Where a court grants representation to a person for the purposes of proceedings for contempt, it may assign to him for the purposes of the proceedings any
<ins class="d29p11566 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511441" marker="F38" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
who is within the precincts of the court at the time.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-32-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>
The selection by or assignment to a person of
<ins class="d29p11576 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511451" marker="F39" class="commentary attribute F"/>
a legal representative
</ins>
shall not prejudice the law and practice relating to the conduct of proceedings by a
<ins class="d29p11580 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511431" marker="F37" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
or the circumstances in which a
<ins class="d29p11584 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511431" marker="F37" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
may refuse or give up a case or entrust it to another.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-32-7">
<num>7</num>
<content>
<p>
Regulations may provide that the right conferred by subsection (1) above shall be exercisable only in relation to
<ins class="d29p11594 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511481" marker="F40" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representatives
</ins>
who are for the time being members of a prescribed panel.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-32-8">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10511491" marker="C21" class="commentary C"/>
8
</num>
<content>
<p>
Regulations may provide as respects representation under Part V that subsection (1) above shall not apply in cases of any prescribed description and that in any such case a prescribed authority shall assign
<ins class="d29p11605 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511501" marker="F41" class="commentary attribute F"/>
one or more legal representatives
</ins>
in accordance with regulations under section 2(7) to the person entitled to receive such representation.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-32-9">
<num>
<ins class="d29p11609 first">
<noteRef href="#c10511511" marker="F42" class="commentary attribute F"/>
9
</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="d29p11609">None of the following persons may be selected or assigned under this section—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-32-9-a">
<num>
<ins class="d29p11609">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p11609">a solicitor who is for the time being excluded from legal aid work under section 47(2) of the Solicitors Act 1974 (powers of Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal);</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-32-9-b">
<num>
<ins class="d29p11609">b</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p11609">a barrister excluded from such work under section 42 of the Administration of Justice Act 1985 (exclusion of barristers from legal aid work);</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-32-9-c">
<num>
<ins class="d29p11609">c</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p11609 last">any other legal representative excluded from such work for disciplinary reasons by an authorised body.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-32-10">
<num>10</num>
<content>
<p>
Notwithstanding subsection (1) above, a
<ins class="d29p11642 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511521" marker="F43" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
who has been selected to act for a person under that subsection may himself select to act for that person, as the
<ins class="d29p11646 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511531" marker="F44" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative’s
</ins>
agent, any other
<ins class="d29p11650 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511521" marker="F43" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative
</ins>
who is not for the time being excluded from selection.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-33">
<num>33</num>
<heading> Legal aid complaints against barristers and their exclusion from legal aid work.</heading>
<content>
<p>
The following sections shall be substituted for sections 41 and 42 of the
<noteRef href="#c10511561" marker="M1" class="commentary M"/>
Administration of Justice Act 1985—
</p>
<p class="BlockAmendment">
<mod>
<quotedStructure class="primary unknown main default" startQuote="" endQuote="">
<section eId="d4e3233">
<num>41</num>
<heading> Application to legal aid complaints against barristers of disciplinary provisions.</heading>
<subsection eId="d4e3237">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>The disciplinary provisions applicable to barristers shall apply to legal aid complaints relating to the conduct of barristers as they apply to other complaints about their conduct.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="d4e3243">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>Subject to any exclusion or restriction made by those provisions, any disciplinary tribunal which hears a legal aid complaint relating to the conduct of a barrister may, if it thinks fit and whether or not it makes any other order, order that any fees—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="d4e3249">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>otherwise payable in connection with his services under or in accordance with the Legal Aid Act 1988, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="d4e3255">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>otherwise chargeable in connection with his services in respect of advice or assistance made available under Part III of that Act,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>shall be reduced or cancelled.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="d4e3263">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Accordingly, in so far as any of sections 9, 11, 15(6) and (7) and 25(2) of the Legal Aid Act 1988 (which relate to remuneration for legal aid work) has effect in relation to any fees reduced or cancelled by an order under subsection (2) above, it shall so have effect subject to the provisions of that order.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="d4e3269">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>An appeal shall lie in the case of an order under subsection (2) above in the same manner as an appeal would lie in the case of any other order of such a tribunal.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="d4e3275">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>The reference in subsection (2) above to a disciplinary tribunal is a reference to a tribunal acting under the disciplinary provisions applicable to barristers and it includes a reference to a member exercising any functions of the tribunal delegated to him.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="d4e3284">
<num>42</num>
<heading> Exclusion of barristers from legal aid work.</heading>
<subsection eId="d4e3288">
<num>1</num>
<intro>
<p>Subject to any exclusion or restriction made by the disciplinary provisions applicable to barristers, where a disciplinary tribunal hears a charge of professional misconduct or breach of professional standards against a barrister, it may order that he shall be excluded from legal aid work, either temporarily or for a specified period, if it determines that there is good reason for the exclusion arising out of—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="d4e3294">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>his conduct in connection with any such services as are mentioned in section 40(1), or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="d4e3300">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>his professional conduct generally.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="d4e3306">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>Subsection (4) of section 41 shall apply to an order under subsection (1) as it applies to an order under subsection (2) of that section.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="d4e3312">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>The disciplinary provisions applicable to barristers shall include provision enabling a barrister who has been excluded from legal aid work under this section to apply for an order terminating his exclusion from such work.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="d4e3318">
<num>4</num>
<intro>
<p>In this section—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="d4e3324">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>the reference to a disciplinary tribunal shall be construed in accordance with section 41(5); and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="d4e3330">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>references to a person being excluded from legal aid work are references to his being excluded from those who may be selected or assigned under section 32 of the Legal Aid Act 1988.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
</section>
</quotedStructure>
</mod>
</p>
</content>
</section>
<section eId="section-34" period="#period15">
<num>34</num>
<heading> Regulations.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-34-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>The Lord Chancellor may make such regulations as appear to him necessary or desirable for giving effect to this Act or for preventing abuses of it.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-34-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1) above, any such regulations may—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-34-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>make provision as to the matters which are or are not to be treated as distinct matters for the purposes of advice or assistance under Part III, as to the proceedings which are or are not to be treated as distinct proceedings for the purposes of representation under Part IV, and as to the apportionment of sums recoverable or recovered by virtue of any order for costs made generally with respect to matters or proceedings treated as distinct;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-34-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>regulate the procedure of any court or tribunal in relation to advice, assistance or representation under this Act or orders for costs made thereunder and authorise the delegation (subject to appeal) or the exercise of their functions by members, officers or other courts or the judges or members of other courts;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-34-2-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>regulate the availability of advice, assistance or representation (other than for the purposes of proceedings for contempt) and the making of contributions towards its provision by reference to the financial resources or, in prescribed cases, the aggregate financial resources, of persons and provide for the courts, persons or bodies who are to determine the financial resources of persons and the persons who are to be required or permitted to furnish information for those purposes;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-34-2-d">
<num>d</num>
<content>
<p>provide for the cases in which a person may be refused advice, assistance or representation or have the grant of it withdrawn or revoked by reason of his conduct when seeking or receiving advice, assistance or representation (whether in the same or a different matter);</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-34-2-e">
<num>e</num>
<content>
<p>
make provision for the remuneration and payment of the expenses of
<ins class="d29p11966 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511661" marker="F45" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representatives
</ins>
and for the courts, persons or bodies by whom, and the manner in which, any determinations which may be required for those purposes are to be made, reviewed or appealed;
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-34-2-f">
<num>f</num>
<content>
<p>make provision for the recovery of sums due to the Board and for making effective the charge created by this Act on property recovered or preserved for a legally assisted person and regulating the release or postponement of the enforcement of any charge (however created) in favour of the Board.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-34-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Regulations may also modify this Act for the purposes of its application to prescribed descriptions of persons or in prescribed circumstances.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-34-4">
<num>4</num>
<intro>
<p>Without prejudice to subsection (3) above, regulations may also modify this Act for the purposes of its application—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-34-4-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>in cases where its modification appears to the Lord Chancellor necessary for the purpose of fulfilling any obligation imposed on the United Kingdom or Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom by any international agreement; or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-34-4-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>in relation to proceedings for securing the recognition or enforcement in England and Wales of judgments given outside the United Kingdom for whose recognition or enforcement in the United Kingdom provision is made by any international agreement.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-34-5">
<num>5</num>
<intro>
<p>Regulations made for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2)(b) above may include provisions—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-34-5-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>as to the determination of costs incurred in connection with proceedings not actually begun; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-34-5-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>as to the cases in which and extent to which a person receiving advice, assistance or representation may be required to give security for costs, and the manner in which it may be so given.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-34-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>Regulations made for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2)(c) above may provide that the income or capital of a person in receipt of prescribed social security benefits is to be taken as not exceeding a prescribed amount.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-34-7">
<num>7</num>
<intro>
<p>Regulations made for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2)(e) above may include provisions—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-34-7-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>imposing conditions for the allowance of remuneration and expenses;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-34-7-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>attaching financial penalties in the event of appeals or reviews of determinations being unsuccessful;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-34-7-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>authorising the making of interim payments of remuneration or in respect of expenses.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-34-8">
<num>8</num>
<intro>
<p>Regulations made for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2)(f) above may include provisions—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-34-8-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>for the enforcement for the benefit of the Board of an order or agreement for costs made in favour of a legally assisted person;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-34-8-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>
for making a
<ins class="d29p12068 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511671" marker="F46" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representative’s
</ins>
right to payment by the Board wholly or partly dependent on his performance of the duties imposed on him by regulations made for the purposes of that paragraph; and
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-34-8-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>requiring interest to be charged at a prescribed rate in circumstances where enforcement of a charge in favour of the Board is postponed.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-34-9">
<num>9</num>
<intro>
<p>The Lord Chancellor, in making regulations for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2)(e) above as respects any description of legal aid work, shall have regard, among the matters which are relevant, to—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-34-9-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>the time and skill which it requires;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-34-9-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>the general level of fee income arising from it;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-34-9-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>
the general level of expenses of
<ins class="d29p12104 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511681" marker="F47" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representatives
</ins>
which is attributable to it;
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-34-9-d">
<num>d</num>
<content>
<p>
the number and general level of competence of
<ins class="d29p12116 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511681" marker="F47" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representatives
</ins>
undertaking it;
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-34-9-e">
<num>e</num>
<content>
<p>the effect of the regulations on the handling of the work; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-34-9-f">
<num>f</num>
<content>
<p>the cost to public funds of any provision made by the regulations.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-34-10">
<num>10</num>
<content>
<p>Before making regulations for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2)(e) above, the Lord Chancellor shall consult the General Council of the Bar and the Law Society.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-34-11">
<num>11</num>
<content>
<p>Regulations under this Act may make different provision for different descriptions of advice, assistance or representation, for different cases or classes of case, for different areas or for other different circumstances and for different descriptions of persons.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-34-12">
<num>12</num>
<content>
<p>Before making regulations as to the procedure of any court or tribunal, the Lord Chancellor shall so far as practicable consult any rule committee or similar body by whom or on whose advice rules of procedure for the court or tribunal may be made apart from this provision or whose consent or concurrence is required to any such rules so made.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-34-13">
<num>13</num>
<content>
<p>No regulations shall be made under this section which include provision for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2)(c) or (e) above except with the consent of the Treasury.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-34-14">
<num>14</num>
<content>
<p>
In subsection (6) above “
<term refersTo="#term-social-security-benefits">social security benefits </term>
” means any benefit provided under section 20(1) of the
<noteRef href="#c10511701" marker="M18" class="commentary M"/>
Social Security Act 1986 (income-related benefits).
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-35" period="#period6">
<num>35</num>
<heading> Advisory Committee.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-35-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>The existing advisory committee shall continue in being to advise the Lord Chancellor on such questions relating to the provision of advice, assistance or representation under this Act as he may from time to time refer to them and to make recommendations or furnish comments to him on such matters as they consider appropriate.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-35-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>Appointments to the committee by the Lord Chancellor, whether by way of replacing existing members or making additional appointments, shall be made so as to secure that the committee is constituted of persons having knowledge of the work of the courts and social conditions.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-35-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>The Lord Chancellor may pay to the members of the advisory committee such travelling and other allowances as he may, with the consent of the Treasury, determine; and any expenses of the Lord Chancellor under this subsection shall be defrayed out of money provided by Parliament.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-35-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>It shall be the duty of the advisory committee to provide to the Lord Chancellor, as soon as possible after 31st March in each year, a report containing any advice, recommendations or comments of theirs on questions or matters arising during the preceding twelve months.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-35-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>The Lord Chancellor shall lay before each House of Parliament a copy of the annual report of the committee made to him under subsection (4) above.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-35-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>The Lord Chancellor may, by order dissolve the advisory committee on such day as is specified in the order and on that day this section shall cease to have effect except as regards the defrayal out of money provided by Parliament of the allowances falling to be paid thereafter under subsection (3) above.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-35-7">
<num>7</num>
<content>
<p>
In this section “
<term refersTo="#term-the-existing-advisory-committee">the existing advisory committee </term>
” means the advisory committee in existence under section 21 of the
<noteRef href="#c10511881" marker="M19" class="commentary M"/>
Legal Aid Act 1974 at the passing of this Act.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-36" period="#period6">
<num>36</num>
<heading> Orders and regulations: general.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-36-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>Any power under this Act to make an order or regulations shall be exercisable by statutory instrument.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-36-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>As respects orders under this Act other than orders under section 47—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-36-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>except in the case of an order under section 3(4) and 35(6), any instrument containing the order shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-36-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>in the case of an order under section 3(4) or 35(6), no such order shall be made unless a draft of it has been laid before and approved by resolution of each House of Parliament.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-36-3">
<num>3</num>
<intro>
<p>As respects regulations under this Act—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-36-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>except in the case of regulations under section 8, 14(2) and 32(7), any instrument containing the regulations shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-36-3-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>in the case of regulations under section 8, 14(2) or 32(7), no such regulations shall be made unless a draft of them has been laid before and approved by resolution of each House of Parliament.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-37" period="#period6">
<num>37</num>
<heading> Laying of Board’s annual reports before Parliament.</heading>
<content>
<p>The Lord Chancellor shall lay before each House of Parliament a copy of the annual report of the Board made to him under section 5(3).</p>
</content>
</section>
<section eId="section-38" period="#period17">
<num>38</num>
<heading> Restriction of disclosure of information.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-38-1">
<num>1</num>
<intro>
<p>Subject to the following provisions of this section, no information furnished for the purposes of this Act to the Board or any court or other person or body of persons upon whom functions are imposed or conferred by regulations and so furnished in connection with the case of a person seeking or receiving advice, assistance or representation shall be disclosed otherwise than—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-38-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>for the purpose of enabling or assisting the Lord Chancellor to perform his functions under or in relation to this Act,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-38-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>for the purpose of enabling the Board to discharge its functions under this Act,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-38-1-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>for the purpose of facilitating the proper performance by any court, tribunal or other person or body of persons of functions under this Act,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-38-1-d">
<num>d</num>
<content>
<p>with a view to the institution of, or otherwise for the purposes of, any criminal proceedings for an offence under this Act,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-38-1-e">
<num>e</num>
<content>
<p>in connection with any other proceedings under this Act, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-38-1-f">
<num>f</num>
<content>
<p>
for the purpose of facilitating the proper performance by any tribunal of disciplinary functions as regards
<ins class="d29p12961 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511961" marker="F48" class="commentary attribute F"/>
legal representatives
</ins>
.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-38-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>This section does not apply to information in the form of a summary or collection of information so framed as not to enable information relating to any particular person to be ascertained from it.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-38-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Subsection (1) above shall not prevent the disclosure of information for any purpose with the consent of the person in connection with whose case it was furnished and, where he did not furnish it himself, with that of the person or body of persons who did.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-38-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>A person who, in contravention of this section, discloses any information furnished to the Board or any court or other person or body of persons for the purposes of this Act shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-38-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>Proceedings for an offence under this section shall not be brought without the written consent of the Attorney General.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-38-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>
For the avoidance of doubt it is hereby declared that information furnished to
<ins class="d29p12997 first last">
<noteRef href="#c10511971" marker="F49" class="commentary attribute F"/>
a legal representative
</ins>
as such by or on behalf of a person seeking or receiving advice, assistance or representation under this Act is not information furnished to the Board or a person upon whom functions are imposed or conferred as mentioned in subsection (1) above.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-39" period="#period22">
<num>39</num>
<heading>
Proceedings for misrepresentation
<abbr title="et cetera" xml:lang="la">etc.</abbr>
</heading>
<subsection eId="section-39-1">
<num>1</num>
<intro>
<p>If any person seeking or receiving advice, assistance or representation under this Act—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-39-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>intentionally fails to comply with regulations as to the information to be furnished by him, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-39-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>in furnishing any information required by regulations knowingly makes any false statement or false representation,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>he shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or to both.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-39-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>
Notwithstanding anything in the
<noteRef href="#c10512071" marker="M20" class="commentary M"/>
Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980, proceedings in respect of an offence under subsection (1) above may be brought at any time within the period of six months beginning with the date on which evidence sufficient in the opinion of the prosecutor to justify a prosecution comes to his knowledge.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-39-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Nothing in subsection (2) above shall authorise the commencement of proceedings for an offence at a time more than two years after the date on which the offence was committed.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-39-4">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10512081" marker="C22" class="commentary C"/>
4
</num>
<intro>
<p>A county court shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine any action brought by the Board to recover the loss sustained by it on account of its legal aid fund by reason of—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-39-4-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>the failure of a person seeking or receiving advice, assistance or representation to comply with regulations as to the information to be furnished by him, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-39-4-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>a false statement or false representation made by such a person in furnishing information for the purposes of this Act,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>
<noteRef href="#c10512091" marker="F50" class="commentary F"/>
. . .
</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-40" period="#period6">
<num>40</num>
<heading> Adaptation of rights of indemnity in cases of advice, assistance or representation in civil proceedings.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-40-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>
This section shall have effect for the purpose of adapting in relation to Parts III and
<abbr class="Acronym" title="4">IV</abbr>
any right (however and whenever created or arising) which a person may have to be indemnified against expenses incurred by him.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-40-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>In determining for the purposes of any such right the reasonableness of any expenses, the possibility of avoiding them or part of them by taking advantage of Part III or Part IV shall be disregarded.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-40-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Where a person having any such right to be indemnified against expenses incurred in connection with any proceedings receives in connection with those proceedings advice, assistance or representation then (without prejudice to the effect of the indemnity in relation to his contribution, if any, under section 9 or 16) the right shall enure also for the benefit of the Board as if any expenses incurred by the Board on his account in connection with the advice, assistance or representation had been incurred by him.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-40-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>Where a person’s right to be indemnified enures for the benefit of the Board under subsection (3) above in a case where he has been represented in pursuance of a contract made with the Board on terms which do not differentiate between the remuneration for his and other cases, the reference in that subsection to any expenses incurred by the Board on his account shall be construed as a reference to such part of the remuneration payable under the contract as may be specified in writing by the Board.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-40-5">
<num>5</num>
<intro>
<p>Where—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-40-5-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>a person’s right to be indemnified against expenses incurred in connection with any proceedings arises by virtue of an agreement and is subject to any express condition conferring on those liable under it any right with respect to the bringing or conduct of the proceedings, and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-40-5-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>those liable have been given a reasonable opportunity of exercising the right so conferred and have not availed themselves of the opportunity,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>the right to be indemnified shall be treated for the purpose of subsection (3) above as not being subject to that condition.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-40-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>Nothing in subsections (3) and (5) above shall be taken as depriving any person or body of persons of the protection of any enactment or, except as provided in subsection (5), as conferring any larger right to recover money in respect of any expenses than the person receiving advice, assistance or representation would have had if the expenses had been incurred by him.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-41" period="#period7">
<num>41</num>
<heading> Application to Crown.</heading>
<content>
<p>This Act binds the Crown.</p>
</content>
</section>
<section eId="section-42" period="#period6">
<num>42</num>
<heading> Finance.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-42-1">
<num>1</num>
<intro>
<p>The Lord Chancellor shall pay to the Board out of money provided by Parliament—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-42-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>such sums as are required (after allowing for payments by the Board into its legal aid fund under paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d) and (f) of section 6(3)) to meet the payments which, under subsection (2) of that section, are to be paid by the Board out of that fund; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-42-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>such sums as he may, with the approval of the Treasury, determine are required for the other expenditure of the Board.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-42-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>The Lord Chancellor may, with the approval of the Treasury—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-42-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>determine the manner in which and times at which the sums referred to in subsection (1)(a) above shall be paid to the Board; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-42-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>impose conditions on the payment of the sums referred to in subsection (1)(b) above.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-43" period="#period16">
<num>43</num>
<heading> Definitions.</heading>
<content>
<p>In this Act—</p>
<blockList class="unordered">
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-advice">advice </term>
”, “
<term refersTo="#term-assistance">assistance </term>
” and “
<term refersTo="#term-representation">representation </term>
” have the meanings assigned to them by section 2(2), (3) and (4) respectively subject, however, to the other provisions of that section;
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<ins class="d29p13575 first">
<noteRef href="#c10512251" marker="F51" class="commentary attribute F"/>
</ins>
<term refersTo="#term-authorised-body">
<ins class="d29p13575">authorised body </ins>
</term>
<ins class="d29p13575 last">” has the meaning assigned by section 119(1) of the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990;</ins>
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-the-board">the Board </term>
” has the meaning assigned to it by section 3(1);
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-determination">determination </term>
”, in relation to the costs of advice or assistance or representation for the purposes of proceedings, includes taxation and assessment;
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-financial-resources">financial resources </term>
”, in relation to any person, includes any valuable facility which is available to him;
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<ins class="d29p13605 first">
<noteRef href="#c10512251" marker="F51" class="commentary attribute F"/>
</ins>
<term refersTo="#term-legal-representative">
<ins class="d29p13605">legal representative </ins>
</term>
<ins class="d29p13605 last">” means an authorised advocate or authorised litigator, as defined by section 119(1) of the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990;</ins>
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-order-for-costs">order for costs </term>
” includes any judgment, order, decree, award or direction for the payment of the costs of one party to any proceedings by another party, whether given or made in those proceedings or not;
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-prescribed">prescribed </term>
” means prescribed by regulations made by the Lord Chancellor under this Act;
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-proceedings-for-contempt">proceedings for contempt </term>
” has the meaning assigned to it by section 29(1);
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-regulations">regulations </term>
” means regulations made by the Lord Chancellor under this Act;
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-sentence">sentence </term>
”, in relation to a person, includes any order made on his conviction of an offence;
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-solicitor">solicitor </term>
” means solicitor of the Supreme Court;
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-statutory-inquiry">statutory inquiry </term>
” has the meaning assigned to it by section 19(1) of the
<noteRef href="#c10512271" marker="M21" class="commentary M"/>
Tribunals and Inquiries Act 1971; and
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-tribunal">tribunal </term>
” includes an arbitrator or umpire, however appointed, and whether the arbitration takes place under a reference by consent or otherwise.
</p>
</item>
</blockList>
</content>
</section>
</part>
<part eId="part-VIII">
<num>Part VIII</num>
<heading> Miscellaneous</heading>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="part-VIII-crossheading-scottish-provisions">
<heading> Scottish provisions</heading>
<section eId="section-44">
<num>44</num>
<heading> Scottish provisions.</heading>
<content>
<p>
The
<noteRef href="#c10512401" marker="M2" class="commentary M"/>
Legal Aid (Scotland) Act 1986 shall have effect subject to the amendments specified in Schedule 4 to this Act.
</p>
</content>
</section>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="part-VIII-crossheading-supplementary">
<heading> Supplementary</heading>
<section eId="section-45" period="#period6">
<num>45</num>
<heading> Amendments, repeals and transitional provisions.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-45-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>The enactments specified in Schedule 5 to this Act shall have effect subject to the amendments there specified.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-45-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>Subject to subsection (4) below, the enactments specified in Schedule 6 to this Act are repealed to the extent specified in the third column of that Schedule.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-45-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Where any enactment amended or repealed by subsection (1) or (2) above extends to the United Kingdom or any part of it, the amendment or repeal has a corresponding extent.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-45-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>Schedule 7 to this Act shall have effect for the purpose of making the transitional and saving provisions set out there.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-46" period="#period6">
<num>46</num>
<heading> Amendments of Legal Aid Act 1974 pending repeal.</heading>
<content>
<p>The Legal Aid Act 1974 shall have effect subject to the amendments specified in Schedule 8 to this Act.</p>
</content>
</section>
<section eId="section-47" period="#period14">
<num>47</num>
<heading> Short title, commencement and extent.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-47-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>This Act may be cited as the Legal Aid Act 1988.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-47-2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10512461" marker="C7" class="commentary C"/>
2
</num>
<content>
<p>Subject to subsections (3) and (4) below, this Act shall come into force on such day as the Lord Chancellor appoints by order and different days may be appointed for different provisions.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-47-3">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10512471" marker="C8" class="commentary C"/>
3
</num>
<content>
<p>Section 44 and Schedule 4 shall come into force on such day as the Secretary of State appoints by order and different days may be appointed for different provisions.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-47-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>
Sections 35 (together with the repeal of section 21 of the
<noteRef href="#c10512481" marker="M3" class="commentary M"/>
Legal Aid Act 1974) and 46 shall come into force on the date on which this Act is passed.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-47-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>An order under subsection (2) or (3) above may contain such transitional and saving provisions as appear to the Lord Chancellor or, as the case may be, the Secretary of State necessary or expedient.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-47-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>This Act, with the exception of sections 12(3) and 17(3), section 44 and Schedule 4 and the amendments or repeals of the enactments referred to in section 45(3), extends to England and Wales only and section 44 and Schedule 4 extend to Scotland only.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
</hcontainer>
</part>
<hcontainer name="schedules" eId="d4e4184" period="#period6">
<heading> SCHEDULES</heading>
<hcontainer name="schedule" eId="schedule-1" period="#period6">
<num>
SCHEDULE 1
<authorialNote class="referenceNote" placement="right">
<p>Section 3.</p>
</authorialNote>
</num>
<heading> The Legal Aid Board</heading>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-1-crossheading-incorporation-and-status" period="#period6">
<heading> Incorporation and Status</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1" period="#period6">
<num>1</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>The Board shall be a body corporate.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2" period="#period6">
<num>2</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>The Board shall not be regarded as the servant or agent of the Crown or as enjoying any status, immunity or privilege of the Crown; and the Board’s property shall not be regarded as property of, or held on behalf of, the Crown.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-1-crossheading-tenure-of-members" period="#period6">
<heading> Tenure of Members</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3" period="#period6">
<num>3</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>Subject to paragraphs 4 and 5 any member of the Board shall hold and vacate office in accordance with the terms of his appointment, but a person shall not be appointed a member of the Board for a period of more than 5 years.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4" period="#period6">
<num>4</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>The chairman or a member may resign office by giving notice in writing to the Lord Chancellor, and if the chairman ceases to be a member he shall cease to be the chairman.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>A person who ceases to be the chairman or a member shall be eligible for reappointment.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5" period="#period6">
<num>5</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>The Lord Chancellor may terminate the appointment of a member of the Board if satisfied that—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>he has become bankrupt or made an arrangement with his creditors;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>he is unable to carry out his duties as a Board member by reason of physical or mental illness;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>he has been absent from meetings of the Board for a period longer than six consecutive months without the permission of the Board; or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-d">
<num>d</num>
<content>
<p>he is otherwise unable or unfit to discharge the functions of a member of the Board.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-1-crossheading-members-interests" period="#period6">
<heading> Members’ interests</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6" period="#period6">
<num>6</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>Before appointing a person to be a member of the Board, the Lord Chancellor shall satisfy himself that that person will have no such financial or other interest as is likely to affect prejudicially the exercise or performance by him of his functions as a member of the Board.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>The Lord Chancellor shall from time to time satisfy himself with respect to every member of the Board that he has no such interest as is referred to in sub-paragraph (1) above.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Any person whom the Lord Chancellor proposes to appoint as, and who has consented to be, a member of the Board, and any member of the Board, shall, whenever requested by the Lord Chancellor to do so, supply him with such information as the Lord Chancellor considers necessary for the performance by the Lord Chancellor of his duties under this paragraph.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7" period="#period6">
<num>7</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>A member of the Board who is in any way directly or indirectly interested in a contract made or proposed to be made by the Board shall disclose the nature of his interest at a meeting of the Board; and the disclosure shall be recorded in the minutes of the Board, and the member shall not take any part in any deliberation or decision of the Board with respect to that contract.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>For the purposes of sub-paragraph (1) above, a general notice given at a meeting of the Board by a member of the Board to the effect that he is a member of a specified company or firm and is to be regarded as interested in any contract which may, after the date of the notice, be made with the company or firm shall be regarded as a sufficient disclosure of his interest in relation to any contract so made.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>A member of the Board need not attend in person at a meeting of the Board in order to make any disclosure which he is required to make under this paragraph if he takes reasonable steps to secure that the disclosure is made by a notice which is brought up and read out at the meeting.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-1-crossheading-remuneration-of-members" period="#period6">
<heading> Remuneration of members</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8" period="#period6">
<num>8</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-1">
<num>1</num>
<intro>
<p>The Board may—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>pay to its members such remuneration; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>make provision for the payment of such pensions, allowances or gratuities to or in respect of its members,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>as the Lord Chancellor may, with the approval of the Treasury, determine.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>Where a person ceases to be a member of the Board otherwise than on the expiry of his term of office, and it appears to the Lord Chancellor that there are special circumstances which make it right for that person to receive compensation, the Lord Chancellor may, with the consent of the Treasury, direct the Board to make that person a payment of such amount as the Lord Chancellor may, with the consent of the Treasury, determine.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-1-crossheading-staff" period="#period6">
<heading> Staff</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-9" period="#period6">
<num>9</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-9-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>The Board shall appoint a person to be the chief executive of the Board who shall be responsible to the Board for the exercise of its functions.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-9-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>The Board may appoint such other employees as it thinks fit.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-9-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>The Board may only appoint a person to be its chief executive or the holder of any other employment of a specified description after consultation with, and subject to the approval of, the Lord Chancellor.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-9-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>The reference in sub-paragraph (3) above to employment of a specified description is a reference to any employment for the time being specified by the Lord Chancellor in a direction given for the purposes of that sub-paragraph.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-9-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>An appointment under this paragraph may be made on such terms and conditions as the Board, with the approval of the Lord Chancellor and consent of the Treasury, may determine.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-10" period="#period6">
<num>10</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-10-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>The Board shall make, in respect of such of its employees as, with the approval of the Lord Chancellor and the consent of the Treasury, it may determine such arrangements for providing pensions, allowances or gratuities, including pensions, allowances or gratuities by way of compensation for loss of employment, as it may determine.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-10-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>Arrangements under sub-paragraph (1) above may include the establishment and administration, by the Board or otherwise, of one or more pension schemes.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-10-3">
<num>3</num>
<intro>
<p>If an employee of the Board—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-10-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>becomes a member of the Board; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-10-3-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>was by reference to his employment by the Board a participant in a pension scheme established and administered by it for the benefit of its employees,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>the Board may determine that his service as a member shall be treated for the purposes of the scheme as service as an employee of the Board whether or not any benefits are to be payable to or in respect of him by virtue of paragraph 8.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-10-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>Where the Board exercises the power conferred by sub-paragraph (3) above, any discretion as to the benefits payable to or in respect of the member concerned which the scheme confers on the Board shall be exercised only with the approval of the Lord Chancellor and consent of the Treasury.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-1-crossheading-proceedings" period="#period6">
<heading> Proceedings</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-11" period="#period6">
<num>11</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-11-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>Subject to anything in regulations, the Board may regulate its own proceedings.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-11-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>The Board may make such arrangements as it considers appropriate for the discharge of its functions, including the delegation of specified functions and shall make such arrangements for the delegation of functions to committees and persons as may be prescribed.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-11-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Subject to anything in regulations, committees may be appointed and may be dissolved by the Board, and may include, or consist entirely of, persons who are not members of the Board.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-11-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>A committee shall act in accordance with such directions as the Board may from time to time give, and the Board may provide for anything done by a committee to have effect as if it had been done by the Board.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-11-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>The validity of any proceedings of the Board or of any committee appointed by the Board shall not be affected by any vacancy among its members or by any defect in the appointment of any member.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-1-crossheading-instruments" period="#period6">
<heading> Instruments</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-12" period="#period6">
<num>12</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-12-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>The fixing of the seal of the Board shall be authenticated by the chairman or another member of the Board and by some other person authorised either generally or specially by the Board to act for that purpose.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-12-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>A document purporting to be duly executed under the seal of the Board, or to be signed on the Board’s behalf, shall be received in evidence and, unless the contrary is proved, be deemed to be so executed or signed.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-1-crossheading-allowances" period="#period6">
<heading> Allowances</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-13" period="#period6">
<num>13</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>The Board may pay to the members of any committee such fees and allowances as the Lord Chancellor may, with the consent of the Treasury, determine.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="schedule" eId="schedule-2" period="#period6">
<num>
SCHEDULE 2
<authorialNote class="referenceNote" placement="right">
<p>Section 14.</p>
</authorialNote>
</num>
<heading> Civil Proceedings: Scope of Part IV Representation</heading>
<part eId="schedule-2-part-I" period="#period6">
<num>Part I</num>
<heading> Description of Proceedings</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-part-I-paragraph-1" period="#period6">
<num>1</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>Proceedings in, or before any person to whom a case is referred in whole or in part by, any of the following courts, namely—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>the House of Lords in the exercise of its jurisdiction in relation to appeals from courts in England and Wales;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>the Court of Appeal;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-1-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>the High Court;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-1-d">
<num>d</num>
<content>
<p>any county court.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-part-I-paragraph-2" period="#period28">
<num>2</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>
The following proceedings in a magistrates’ court, namely—
<noteRef href="#c10512621" marker="F55" class="commentary F"/>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>
proceedings under section 43 of the
<noteRef href="#c10512631" marker="M24" class="commentary M"/>
National Assistance Act 1948, section 22 of the
<noteRef href="#c10512641" marker="M25" class="commentary M"/>
Maintenance Orders Act 1950, section 4 of the
<noteRef href="#c10512651" marker="M26" class="commentary M"/>
Maintenance Orders Act 1958, or section 18 of the
<noteRef href="#c10512661" marker="M27" class="commentary M"/>
Supplementary Benefits Act 1976;
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-2-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>
proceedings in relation to an application for leave of the court to remove a child from a person’s custody under section 27 or 28 of the
<noteRef href="#c10512671" marker="M28" class="commentary M"/>
Adoption Act 1976 or proceedings in which the making of an order under Part II or section 29 or 55 of the Adoption Act 1976 is opposed by any party to the proceedings;
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-2-d">
<num>d</num>
<content>
<p>
proceedings under Part I of the
<noteRef href="#c10512681" marker="M29" class="commentary M"/>
Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 relating to a maintenance order made by a court of a country outside the United Kingdom;
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-2-e">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10512621" marker="F55" class="commentary F"/>
e
</num>
<content>
<p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-2-f">
<num>f</num>
<content>
<p>
proceedings for or in relation to an order under Part I of the
<noteRef href="#c10512701" marker="M30" class="commentary M"/>
Domestic Proceedings and Magistrates’ Courts Act 1978.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-2-g">
<num>
<ins class="d29p15045 first">
<noteRef href="#c10512711" marker="F56" class="commentary attribute F"/>
g
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p15045 last">proceedings under the Children Act 1989.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-part-I-paragraph-3" period="#period6">
<num>3</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>Proceedings in the Employment Appeal Tribunal.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-part-I-paragraph-4" period="#period6">
<num>4</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>Proceedings in the Lands Tribunal.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-part-I-paragraph-5" period="#period6">
<num>5</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>
Proceedings before a Commons Commissioner appointed under section 17(1) of the
<noteRef href="#c10513001" marker="M31" class="commentary M"/>
Commons Registration Act 1965.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-part-I-paragraph-6" period="#period6">
<num>6</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>
Proceedings in the Restrictive Practices Court under Part III of the
<noteRef href="#c10513011" marker="M32" class="commentary M"/>
Fair Trading Act 1973, and any proceedings in that court in consequence of an order made, or undertaking given to the court, under that Part of that Act.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</part>
<part eId="schedule-2-part-II" period="#period6">
<num>Part II</num>
<heading> Excepted proceedings</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-part-II-paragraph-1" period="#period6">
<num>1</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>Proceedings wholly or partly in respect of defamation, but so that the making of a counterclaim for defamation in proceedings for which representation may be granted shall not of itself affect any right of the defendant to the counterclaim to representation for the purposes of the proceedings and so that representation may be granted to enable him to defend the counterclaim.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-part-II-paragraph-2" period="#period6">
<num>2</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>Relator actions.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-part-II-paragraph-3" period="#period6">
<num>3</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>Proceedings for the recovery of a penalty where the proceedings may be taken by any person and the whole or part of the penalty is payable to the person taking the proceedings.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-part-II-paragraph-4" period="#period6">
<num>4</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>
Election petitions under the Representation of the
<noteRef href="#c10513021" marker="M33" class="commentary M"/>
People Act 1983.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-part-II-paragraph-5" period="#period6">
<num>5</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>In a county court, proceedings for or consequent on the issue of a judgment summons and, in the case of a defendant, proceedings where the only question to be brought before the court is as to the time and mode of payment by him of a debt (including liquidated damages) and costs.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5A" period="#period6">
<num>
<ins class="d29p15372 first">
<noteRef href="#c10513031" marker="F57" class="commentary attribute F"/>
5A
</ins>
</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="d29p15372">Proceedings for a decree of divorce or judicial separation unless the cause is defended, or the petition is directed to be heard in open court, or it is not practicable by reason of physical or mental incapacity for the applicant to proceed without representation; except that representation shall be available for the purpose of making or opposing an application—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5A-a">
<num>
<ins class="d29p15372">a</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p15372">for an injunction;</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5A-b">
<num>
<ins class="d29p15372">b</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p15372">for ancillary relief, excluding representation for the purpose only of inserting a prayer for ancillary relief in the petition;</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5A-c">
<num>
<ins class="d29p15372">c</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p15372">for an order relating to the custody of (or access to) a child, or the education or care or supervision of a child, excluding representation for the purpose only of making such an application where there is no reason to believe that the application will be opposed;</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5A-d">
<num>
<ins class="d29p15372">d</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p15372">for an order declaring that the court is satisfied as to arrangements for the welfare of the children of the family, excluding representation for the purpose only of making such an application where there is no reason to believe that the application will be opposed; or</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5A-e">
<num>
<ins class="d29p15372">e</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p15372 last">for the purpose of making or opposing any other application, or satisfying the court on any other matter which raises a substantial question for determination by the court.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5B" period="#period32">
<num>
<ins class="d29p15495 first">
<noteRef href="#c10513071" marker="F58" class="commentary attribute F"/>
5B
</ins>
</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p15495">Proceedings to the extent that they consist in, or arise out of, an application to the court under section 235A of the </ins>
<ins class="d29p15495 last">
<noteRef href="#c10513081" marker="M34" class="commentary M"/>
Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992.
</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-2-part-II-paragraph-6" period="#period6">
<num>6</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>Proceedings incidental to any proceedings excepted by this Part of this Schedule.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</part>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="schedule" eId="schedule-3" period="#period7">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10513091" marker="C23" class="commentary C"/>
SCHEDULE 3
<authorialNote class="referenceNote" placement="right">
<p>Sections 24 and 30.</p>
</authorialNote>
</num>
<heading> Criminal proceedings: Enforcement of Contribution Orders</heading>
<part eId="schedule-3-part-I" period="#period7">
<num>Part I</num>
<heading> Orders made by a court</heading>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-3-part-I-crossheading-collecting-court" period="#period7">
<heading> Collecting court</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-1" period="#period7">
<num>1</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>
In this Part “
<term refersTo="#term-collecting-court">collecting court </term>
”, in relation to a contribution order, means a magistrates’ court specified in the order; and the court so specified shall be—
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>in a case where the court making the order is itself a magistrates’ court, that court;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>in a case where the order is made on an appeal from a magistrates’ court, or in respect of a person who was committed (whether for trial or otherwise by a magistrates’ court) to the Crown Court, the court from which the appeal is brought or, as the case may be, which committed him; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-1-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>in any other case, a magistrates’ court nominated by the court making the order.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-3-part-I-crossheading-enforcement-proceedings" period="#period7">
<heading> Enforcement proceedings</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2" period="#period7">
<num>2</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>Any sum required to be paid by a contribution order shall be recoverable as if it had been adjudged to be paid by an order of the collecting court, subject to and in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>
Sections 17 (not more than one committal for same arrears) and 18 (power to review committal) of the
<noteRef href="#c10513131" marker="M35" class="commentary M"/>
Maintenance Orders Act 1958 shall apply as if a contribution order were a maintenance order.
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>
The collecting court may exercise, in relation to a contribution order, the power conferred by section 75 of the
<noteRef href="#c10513141" marker="M36" class="commentary M"/>
Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (power to dispense with immediate payment); and for the purposes of that section any provisions made by the authority which made the order as to time for payment, or payment by instalments, shall be treated as made by the collecting court.
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>The following provisions of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 shall apply as if a contribution order were enforceable as an affiliation order—</p>
<blockList class="unordered">
<item>
<p>section 80 (application of money found on defaulter to satisfy sum adjudged);</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>section 93 (complaint for arrears);</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>section 94 (effect of committal on arrears); and</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>section 95 (power to remit arrears).</p>
</item>
</blockList>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>Any costs awarded under section 64 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 on the hearing of a complaint for the enforcement of a contribution order shall be enforceable as a sum required to be paid by that order.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3" period="#period23">
<num>3</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3-1">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10513161" marker="C24" class="commentary C"/>
1
</num>
<content>
<p>Without prejudice to paragraph 2, any sum required to be paid by a contribution order shall be enforceable by the High Court or a county court as if the sum were due to the clerk of the collecting court in pursuance of a judgment or order of the High Court or county court, as the case may be.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>The clerk of the collecting court shall not take proceedings by virtue of this paragraph unless authorised to do so by the court.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3-3">
<num>3</num>
<intro>
<p>This paragraph shall not authorise—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>
the enforcement of a sum required to be paid by a contribution order by issue of a writ of fieri facias or other process against goods or by imprisonment or attachment of earnings;
<noteRef href="#c10513171" marker="F59" class="commentary F"/>
. . .
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3-3-b">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10513171" marker="F59" class="commentary F"/>
b
</num>
<content>
<p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-4" period="#period4">
<num>4</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-4-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>
Any expenses incurred by the clerk of a magistrates’ court in recovering any sum required to be paid by a contribution order shall be treated for the purposes of Part VI of the Justices of the
<noteRef href="#c10513191" marker="M37" class="commentary M"/>
Peace Act 1979 as expenses of the magistrates’ courts committee.
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-4-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>Any sum paid to a clerk of a magistrates’ court in or towards satisfaction of a liability imposed by a contribution order shall be paid by him to the Lord Chancellor and section 61(4) of the Justices of the Peace Act 1979 (regulations as to accounts of justices’ clerks) shall apply in relation to sums payable to the Lord Chancellor under this sub-paragraph as it applies in relation to sums payable to the Secretary of State under that section.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-3-part-I-crossheading-transfer-of-enforcement-proceedings-to-different-court" period="#period7">
<heading> Transfer of enforcement proceedings to different court</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-5" period="#period7">
<num>5</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-5-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>Where in relation to any contribution order it appears to the collecting court that the person subject to it is residing in a petty sessions area other than that for which the court acts, the court may make an order under this paragraph (“a transfer order ”) with respect to the contribution order specifying the other petty sessions area.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-5-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>Where a court makes a transfer order in relation to any contribution order—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-5-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>payment under the contribution order shall be enforceable in the petty sessions area specified in the transfer order; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-5-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>as from the date of the transfer order, a magistrates’ court for that petty sessions area shall be substituted for the court which made the transfer order as the collecting court in relation to the contribution order.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-3-part-I-crossheading-limitations-on-enforcement-by-proceedings" period="#period7">
<heading> Limitations on enforcement by proceedings</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-6" period="#period7">
<num>6</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>Any sum due under a contribution order shall not be recoverable, and payment of any such sum shall not be enforced, under paragraph 2 or 3 until—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-6-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>the conclusion of the proceedings for the purposes of which the relevant grant of representation was made; or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-6-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>if earlier, the revocation or withdrawal of the relevant grant of representation.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-7" period="#period7">
<num>7</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>Where a contribution order has been made in respect of a member of Her Majesty’s armed forces and the Secretary of State notifies the collecting court that any sum payable under the order will be recovered by deductions from the person’s pay, the collecting court shall not enforce payment of any sum unless and until the Secretary of State subsequently notifies it that the person is no longer a member of those forces and that sum has not been fully recovered.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-3-part-I-crossheading-power-to-defer-enforcement-proceedings" period="#period7">
<heading> Power to defer enforcement proceedings</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-8" period="#period7">
<num>8</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>The collecting court may defer recovering any sum due under a contribution order if—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-8-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>an appeal is pending in respect of the proceedings for the purposes of which the relevant grant of representation was made; or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-8-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>the person granted representation has been ordered to be retried.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-3-part-I-crossheading-interpretation" period="#period7">
<heading> Interpretation</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-9" period="#period1">
<num>9</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>In this Part—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-9-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-relevant-grant-of-representation">relevant grant of representation </term>
”, in relation to a contribution order, means the grant of representation in connection with which the order was made; and
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-9-b">
<num>b</num>
<intro>
<p>references to the proceedings for the purposes of which a grant of representation has been made include, where the proceedings are proceedings before a magistrates’ court which result—</p>
</intro>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-9-b-i">
<num>i</num>
<content>
<p>in the legally assisted person being committed to the Crown Court for trial or sentence, or</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-9-b-ii">
<num>ii</num>
<content>
<p>
in his case being remitted to a juvenile court in pursuance of section 56(1) of the
<noteRef href="#c10513221" marker="M38" class="commentary M"/>
Children and Young Persons Act 1933,
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>the proceedings before the Crown Court or that juvenile court.</p>
</wrapUp>
</paragraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
</part>
<part eId="schedule-3-part-II" period="#period7">
<num>Part II</num>
<heading> Orders made by the Board</heading>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-3-part-II-crossheading-limitations-on-enforcement-by-proceedings" period="#period7">
<heading> Limitations on enforcement by proceedings</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-10" period="#period1">
<num>10</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-10-1">
<num>1</num>
<intro>
<p>Any sum due under a contribution order shall not be recoverable, and payment of any such sum shall not be enforced until—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-10-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>the conclusion of the proceedings for the purposes of which the relevant grant of representation was made; or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-10-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>if earlier, the revocation or withdrawal of the relevant grant of representation.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-10-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>In this paragraph—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-10-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-relevant-grant-of-representation">relevant grant of representation </term>
”, in relation to a contribution order, means the grant of representation in connection with which the order was made; and
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-10-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<intro>
<p>the reference to the proceedings for the purposes of which the relevant grant of representation was made includes, where the proceedings are proceedings before a magistrates’ court which result—</p>
</intro>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-10-2-b-i">
<num>i</num>
<content>
<p>in the legally assisted person being committed to the Crown Court for trial or sentence, or</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-10-2-b-ii">
<num>ii</num>
<content>
<p>in his case being remitted to a juvenile court in pursuance of section 56(1) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933,</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>the proceedings before the Crown Court or that juvenile court.</p>
</wrapUp>
</paragraph>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-11" period="#period7">
<num>11</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>Where a contribution order has been made in respect of a member of Her Majesty’s armed forces and the Secretary of State notifies the Board that any sum payable under the order will be recovered by deductions from the person’s pay, the Board shall not enforce payment of any sum unless and until the Secretary of State subsequently notifies it that the person is no longer a member of those forces and that sum has not been fully recovered.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
</part>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="schedule" eId="schedule-4">
<num>
SCHEDULE 4
<authorialNote class="referenceNote" placement="right">
<p>Section 44.</p>
</authorialNote>
</num>
<heading> Amendments of Legal Aid (Scotland) Act 1986 (c. 47)</heading>
<part eId="schedule-4-part-I">
<num>Part I</num>
<heading>
<em>Direct payment of fees and outlays by legally assisted person</em>
</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-1">
<num>1</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>In section 4(2) (payments out of the Scottish Legal Aid Fund)—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>in paragraph (a), after the word “due ” there shall be inserted the words “out of the Fund ”.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>
in paragraph (c), the words “
<term refersTo="#term-for-the-purposes-of-this-act">for the purposes of this Act </term>
” are repealed.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-2">
<num>2</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>In section 16—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>subsection (1) is repealed;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>
in subsection (2), the words “
<term refersTo="#term-in-this-section-and">In this section and </term>
” are repealed.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-3" class="prospective">
<num>3</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>
In section 17 (contributions,
<abbr title="et cetera" xml:lang="la">etc.</abbr>
)—
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>in subsection (1), for the words from “by the Board ” to “the Fund ” there shall be substituted the words “to contribute to the fees and outlays incurred by them (or on their behalf) ”;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-3-b">
<num>
<ins class="d29p16512 first">
<noteRef href="#c10513371" marker="F60" class="commentary attribute F"/>
b
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="d29p16512 last">subsections (3) to (8) are repealed;</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-3-c">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c10513381" marker="F61" class="commentary F"/>
c
</num>
<content>
<p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-4">
<num>4</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>
In section 32 (a) (restriction on payment
<abbr title="et cetera" xml:lang="la">etc.</abbr>
), the words “
<term refersTo="#term--out-of-the-fund">, out of the Fund </term>
” are repealed.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-5" class="prospective">
<num>5</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>In section 33 (fees and outlays of solicitors and counsel) in subsection (1), for the words from “out ” to the end there shall be substituted the words—</p>
<p class="BlockAmendment">
<mod>
<quotedStructure class="primary unknown main default" startQuote="" endQuote="">
<p>in respect of any fees or outlays properly incurred by him in so acting—</p>
<paragraph eId="d4e5274">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>by the person concerned, to the extent to which a contribution has been determined for him under section 17 of this Act;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="d4e5280">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>to the extent that such fees and outlays exceed any such contribution out of the Fund in accordance with section 4(2)(a) of this Act.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</quotedStructure>
</mod>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-6">
<num>6</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>In section 36(2) (regulations), in paragraph (b) at end add—</p>
<p class="BlockAmendment">
<mod>
<quotedStructure class="primary unknown main default" startQuote="" endQuote="">
<p>and the power to substitute different amounts for the amount specified in section 10(2) of this Act includes power to substitute different amounts in relation to different cases or classes of case</p>
</quotedStructure>
</mod>
<inline name="AppendText">.</inline>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</part>
<part eId="schedule-4-part-II">
<num>Part II</num>
<heading>
<em>Liability of legally assisted person for expenses to be assessed in all cases</em>
</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-7">
<num>7</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>In section 18 (expenses)—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-7-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>subsection (1) is repealed;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-7-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>in subsection (2), for the words “in proceedings to which this section applies ”, there shall be substituted the words “in any proceedings ”.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-8">
<num>8</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>In section 19(1) (expenses out of the Fund), for the words “to which this section applies ” there shall be substituted the words “to which a legally assisted person is party and which are finally decided in favour of an unassisted party ”.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-9">
<num>9</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>In section 20(1) (supplementary), for the words “sections 18 and ” there shall be substituted the word “section ”.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</part>
<part eId="schedule-4-part-III">
<num>Part III</num>
<heading>
<em>Board’s property to be rateable</em>
</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-10">
<num>10</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>In Schedule 1, paragraph 2(4) is repealed.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</part>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="schedule" eId="schedule-5" period="#period10">
<num>
SCHEDULE 5
<authorialNote class="referenceNote" placement="right">
<p>Section 45.</p>
</authorialNote>
</num>
<heading> Minor and Consequential Amendments</heading>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-5-crossheading-public-records-act-1958-c-51">
<heading> Public Records Act 1958 (c. 51)</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>In Schedule 1 to the Public Records Act 1958 (definition of public records), there shall be inserted at the end of Part I of the Table at the end of paragraph 3 the following entry—</p>
<p class="BlockAmendment">
<mod>
<quotedStructure class="unknown unknown schedule default" startQuote="" endQuote="">
<tblock class="tabular">
<table>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Lord Chancellor’s Department.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Legal Aid Board.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</tblock>
</quotedStructure>
</mod>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-5-crossheading-parliamentary-commissioner-act-1967-c-13">
<heading> Parliamentary Commissioner Act 1967 (c. 13)</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-2" period="#period6">
<num>2</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>In Schedule 2 to the Parliamentary Commissioner Act 1967 (which lists the bodies subject to the jurisdiction of the Parliamentary Commissioner), there shall be inserted (at the appropriate place in alphabetical order) the following entry—</p>
<p class="BlockAmendment">
<mod>
<quotedStructure class="unknown unknown schedule default" startQuote="" endQuote="">
<p>Legal Aid Board.</p>
</quotedStructure>
</mod>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-5-crossheading-attachment-of-earnings-act-1971-c-32">
<heading> Attachment of Earnings Act 1971 (c. 32)</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-3" period="#period7">
<num>3</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>In section 25(1) of the Attachment of Earnings Act 1971, for the words “section 7 or 8(2) of the Legal Aid Act 1982 ” there shall be substituted the words “section 23 of the Legal Aid Act 1988 ”.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-5-crossheading-house-of-commons-disqualification-act-1975-c-24">
<heading> House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 (c. 24)</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4" period="#period6">
<num>4</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>In Part III of Schedule 1 to the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 (other disqualifying offices), there shall be inserted (at the appropriate places in alphabetical order) the following entries—</p>
<p class="BlockAmendment">
<mod>
<quotedStructure class="unknown unknown schedule default" startQuote="" endQuote="">
<p>Chairman of the Legal Aid Board.</p>
</quotedStructure>
</mod>
</p>
<p class="BlockAmendment">
<mod>
<quotedStructure class="unknown unknown unknown default" startQuote="" endQuote="">
<p>Member of the Legal Aid Board.</p>
</quotedStructure>
</mod>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-5-crossheading-northern-ireland-assembly-disqualification-act-1975-c-25">
<heading> Northern Ireland Assembly Disqualification Act 1975 (c. 25)</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5" period="#period6">
<num>5</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>In Part III of Schedule 1 to the Northern Ireland Assembly Disqualification Act 1975 (other disqualifying offices), there shall be inserted (at the appropriate places in alphabetical order) the following entries—</p>
<p class="BlockAmendment">
<mod>
<quotedStructure class="unknown unknown schedule default" startQuote="" endQuote="">
<p>Chairman of the Legal Aid Board.</p>
</quotedStructure>
</mod>
</p>
<p class="BlockAmendment">
<mod>
<quotedStructure class="unknown unknown unknown default" startQuote="" endQuote="">
<p>Member of the Legal Aid Board.</p>
</quotedStructure>
</mod>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-5-crossheading-sex-discrimination-act-1975-c-65">
<heading> Sex Discrimination Act 1975 (c. 65)</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-6" period="#period6">
<num>6</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>In section 75(4) of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-6-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>for the words “Legal Aid Act 1974 ” there shall be substituted the words “Legal Aid Act 1988 ”; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-6-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>for the words “any of those Acts for payment of any sum into the legal aid fund ” there shall be substituted the words “either of those Acts for payment of any sum to the Legal Aid Board or into the Scottish Legal Aid Fund ”.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-5-crossheading-race-relations-act-1976-c-74">
<heading> Race Relations Act 1976 (c. 74)</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-7" period="#period6">
<num>7</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>In section 66(6) of the Race Relations Act 1976—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-7-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>for the words “Legal Aid Act 1974 ” there shall be substituted the words “Legal Aid Act 1988 ”; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-7-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>for the words “any of those Acts for payment of any sum into the legal aid fund ” there shall be substituted the words “either of those Acts for payment of any sum to the Legal Aid Board or into the Scottish Legal Aid Fund ”.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-5-crossheading-child-care-act-1980-c-5">
<heading> Child Care Act 1980 (c. 5)</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-8" period="#period6">
<num>8</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>In section 21A of the Child Care Act 1980, after subsection (8), there shall be inserted the following subsection—</p>
<p class="BlockAmendment">
<mod>
<quotedStructure class="primary unknown main default" startQuote="" endQuote="">
<subsection eId="d4e5505">
<num>9</num>
<content>
<p>
In this section “
<term refersTo="#term-legal-aid-">legal aid </term>
” means representation for the purposes of care proceedings under Part VI of the Legal Aid Act 1988.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</quotedStructure>
</mod>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-5-crossheading-magistrates-courts-act-1980-c-43">
<heading> Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (c. 43)</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-9" period="#period7">
<num>9</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>In section 92(1)(b) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980, for the words “section 7 or 8(2) of the Legal Aid Act 1982 ” there shall be substituted the words “section 23 of the Legal Aid Act 1988 ”.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-5-crossheading-supreme-court-act-1981-c-54" period="#period9">
<heading> Supreme Court Act 1981 (c. 54)</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-10" period="#period7">
<num>10</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>In section 47(7) of the Supreme Court Act 1981, for the words “legal aid contribution order made under section 7 or 8(2) of the Legal Aid Act 1982 ” there shall be substituted the words “contribution order made under section 23 of the Legal Aid Act 1988 ”.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-5-crossheading-telecommunications-act-1984-c-12">
<heading> Telecommunications Act 1984 (c. 12)</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-11" period="#period8">
<num>11</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>In section 52 of the Telecommunications Act 1984, the following subsection shall be substituted for subsection (5)—</p>
<p class="BlockAmendment">
<mod>
<quotedStructure class="primary unknown main default" startQuote="" endQuote="">
<subsection eId="d4e5548">
<num>5</num>
<intro>
<p>A charge conferred by subsection (4) above is subject to—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="d4e5554">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>any charge under the Legal Aid Act 1988 and any provision of that Act for payment of any sum to the Legal Aid Board;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="d4e5560">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>any charge or obligation for payment in priority to other debts under the Legal Aid (Scotland) Act 1986 and any provision of that Act for payment of any sum into the Scottish Legal Aid Fund; or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="d4e5566">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>any charge under the Legal Aid, Advice and Assistance (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 and any provision of that Order for payment of any sum into the legal aid fund.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
</quotedStructure>
</mod>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-5-crossheading-prosecution-of-offences-act-1985-c-23" period="#period10">
<heading> Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 (c. 23)</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-12" period="#period7">
<num>12</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>
In section 19(2)(b) of the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985, the words “
<term refersTo="#term-including-any-legal-aid-order">(including any legal aid order) </term>
” shall be omitted and at the end of that paragraph there shall be inserted the words “or any grant of representation for the purposes of the proceedings which has been made under the Legal Aid Act 1988. ”
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-13" period="#period10">
<num>13</num>
<content>
<p>In section 20(2) of that Act, for the words “out of the legal aid fund or ” there shall be substituted the words “by the Legal Aid Board or out of ”.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-14">
<num>14</num>
<content>
<p>In section 21(1) of that Act, for the definition of “legally assisted person ” there shall be substituted the following—</p>
<p class="BlockAmendment">
<mod>
<quotedStructure class="primary unknown main default" startQuote="" endQuote="">
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-legally-assisted-person-">legally assisted person </term>
”, in relation to any proceedings, means a person to whom representation under the Legal Aid Act 1988 has been granted for the purposes of the proceedings;
</p>
</quotedStructure>
</mod>
<inline name="AppendText">.</inline>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-15">
<num>15</num>
<content>
<p>In section 21 of that Act, after subsection (4), there shall be inserted the following subsection—</p>
<p class="BlockAmendment">
<mod>
<quotedStructure class="primary unknown main default" startQuote="" endQuote="">
<subsection eId="d4e5615">
<num>4A</num>
<intro>
<p>Where one party to any proceedings is a legally assisted person then—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="d4e5621">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>for the purposes of sections 16 and 17 of this Act, his costs shall be taken not to include either the expenses incurred on his behalf by the Legal Aid Board or the Lord Chancellor or, if he is liable to make a contribution under section 23 of the Legal Aid Act 1988, any sum paid or payable by way of contribution; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="d4e5627">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>for the purposes of sections 18 and 19 of this Act, his costs shall be taken to include the expenses incurred on his behalf by the Legal Aid Board or the Lord Chancellor (without any deduction on account of any contribution paid or payable under section 23 of the Legal Aid Act 1988) but, if he is liable to make such a contribution his costs shall be taken not to include any sum paid or payable by way of contribution.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
</quotedStructure>
</mod>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-5-crossheading-child-abduction-and-custody-act-1985-c-60">
<heading> Child Abduction and Custody Act 1985 (c. 60)</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-16" period="#period6">
<num>16</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>
In section 11 of the Child Abduction and Custody Act 1985, for the words “Part I of the Legal Aid Act 1974 ” there shall be substituted the words “Part III or
<abbr class="Acronym" title="4">IV</abbr>
of the Legal Aid Act 1988 ”.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-5-crossheading-administration-of-justice-act-1985-c-61">
<heading> Administration of Justice Act 1985 (c. 61)</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-17">
<num>17</num>
<content>
<p>In section 40 of the Administration of Justice Act 1985 (preliminary provisions concerning legal aid complaints), for the words from the beginning of paragraph (a) to the end there shall be substituted the words “the provision for any person of services under the Legal Aid Act 1988 including, in the case of a solicitor, provision for any person of such services in the capacity of agent for that person’s solicitor. ”</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-18" period="#period6">
<num>18</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>In section 43 of that Act (jurisdiction and powers of Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal in relation to complaints against solicitors)—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-18-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>in subsection (3), for paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) there shall be substituted the following—</p>
<p class="BlockAmendment">
<mod>
<quotedStructure class="primary unknown main default" startQuote="" endQuote="">
<paragraph eId="d4e5671">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>otherwise payable under or in accordance with the Legal Aid Act 1988, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="d4e5677">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>otherwise chargeable in respect of advice or assistance made available under Part III of that Act;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</quotedStructure>
</mod>
<inline name="AppendText">and</inline>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-18-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>in subsection (4), for paragraphs (a) and (b) there shall be substituted the words “any of sections 9, 11, 15(6) and (7) and 25(2) of, or any provision made under, the Legal Aid Act 1988 ”.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-19" period="#period7">
<num>19</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>In section 44 of that Act—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-19-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>in subsection (3), in the inserted subsection (2A), for the words from the beginning of paragraph (a) to the end there shall be substituted the words—</p>
<p class="BlockAmendment">
<mod>
<quotedStructure class="primary unknown main default" startQuote="" endQuote="">
<paragraph eId="d4e5706">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>his conduct, including conduct in the capacity of agent for another solicitor, in connection with the provision for any person of services under the Legal Aid Act 1988; or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="d4e5712">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>his professional conduct generally.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</quotedStructure>
</mod>
<inline name="AppendText">; and</inline>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-19-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>in subsection (4), in the inserted subsection (6), for the words from “each ” to the end there shall be substituted the words “those who may be selected or assigned for the purpose of providing for any person services under the Legal Aid Act 1988. ”</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-5-crossheading-housing-act-1985-c-68">
<heading> Housing Act 1985 (c. 68)</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-20" period="#period6">
<num>20</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>In section 170(5) of the Housing Act 1985—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-20-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>for the words “Legal Aid Act 1974 ” there shall be substituted the words “Legal Aid Act 1988 ”; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-20-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>for the words “into the legal aid fund ” there shall be substituted the words “to the Legal Aid Board ”.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-5-crossheading-family-law-act-1986-c-55">
<heading> Family Law Act 1986 (c. 55)</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-21" period="#period6">
<num>21</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>Section 64 of the Family Law Act 1986 (family proceedings rules) shall cease to have effect.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-5-crossheading-criminal-justice-act-1987-c-38">
<heading> Criminal Justice Act 1987 (c. 38)</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-22" period="#period7">
<num>22</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>In section 4(1) of the Criminal Justice Act 1987, for the words “section 28(7A) of the Legal Aid Act 1974 ” there shall be substituted the words “section 20(4) of the Legal Aid Act 1988 ”.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="schedule" eId="schedule-6" period="#period6">
<num>
SCHEDULE 6
<authorialNote class="referenceNote" placement="right">
<p>Section 45.</p>
</authorialNote>
</num>
<heading> Repeals</heading>
<content>
<tblock class="tabular">
<table>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1967 c. 80.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Criminal Justice Act 1967.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Section 90.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1974 c. 4.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Legal Aid Act 1974.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The whole Act.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1974 c. 47.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Solicitors Act 1974.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Section 75(d).</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 3, paragraph 10.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1975 c. 72.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Children Act 1975.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Section 65.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 3, paragraph 82.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1976 c. 36.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Adoption Act 1976.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 3, paragraph 18.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1976 c. 63.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Bail Act 1976.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Section 11.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1976 c. 71.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Supplementary Benefits Act 1976.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 7, paragraphs 33 and 35.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1977 c. 38.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Administration of Justice Act 1977.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 1, Part I.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1977 c. 45.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Criminal Law Act 1977.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 12, the entry relating to the Legal Aid Act 1974.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1978 c. 22.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Domestic Proceedings and Magistrates’ Courts Act 1978.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 2, paragraphs 45 and 52.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1979 c. 26.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Legal Aid Act 1979.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The whole Act.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1979 c. 55.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Justices of the Peace Act 1979.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 2, paragraph 27.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1980 c. 5.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Child Care Act 1980.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 5, paragraph 36.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1980 c. 30.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Social Security Act 1980.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 4, paragraph 9.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1980 c. 43.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 7, paragraphs 126 to 129.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1981 c. 49.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Contempt of Court Act 1981.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Section 13.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 2, Part I.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1982 c. 27.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Section 40(1).</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1982 c. 44.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Legal Aid Act 1982.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The whole Act.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1982 c. 48.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Criminal Justice Act 1982.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Section 25(2).</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p>Section 29(3).</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p>Section 60(4).</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1983 c. 41.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Health and Social Services and Social Security Adjudications Act 1983.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 1, paragraph 3.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1984 c. 42.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Matrimonial and Family Proceedings Act 1984.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 1, paragraph 18.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1984 c. 60.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Section 59.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1985 c. 23.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Prosecution of Offences Act 1985.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Section 16(8).</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p>In section 19(2)(b), the words “(including any legal aid order) ”.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p>In section 21(1), the definition of “legal aid order ”.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1985 c. 61.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Administration of Justice Act 1985.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Sections 45 and 46.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 7, paragraphs 1 to 3.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1986 c. 28.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Children and Young Persons (Amendment) Act 1986.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Section 3(3).</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1986 c. 47.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Legal Aid (Scotland) Act 1986.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>In section 4(2)(c), the words “for the purposes of this Act ”.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p>In section 16, subsection (1) and, in subsection (2), the words “in this section and ”.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p>In section 17, subsections (3) to (8).</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p>Section 18(1).</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p>In section 32(a), the words “, out of the Fund ”.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p/>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 1, paragraph 2(4).</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1986 c. 50.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Social Security Act 1986.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 10, paragraphs 46, 47 and 56.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1986 c. 55.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Family Law Act 1986.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Section 64.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>1987 c. 38.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The Criminal Justice Act 1987.</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>In Schedule 2, paragraphs 7 and 8.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</tblock>
</content>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="schedule" eId="schedule-7" period="#period6">
<num>
SCHEDULE 7
<authorialNote class="referenceNote" placement="right">
<p>Section 45.</p>
</authorialNote>
</num>
<heading> Transition</heading>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-7-crossheading-preliminary" period="#period6">
<heading> Preliminary</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-1" period="#period6">
<num>1</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>
In this Schedule— “
<term refersTo="#term-the-1974-act">the 1974 Act </term>
” means the
<noteRef href="#c10513581" marker="M39" class="commentary M"/>
Legal Aid Act 1974; and
</p>
<blockContainer class="BlockText">
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-the-appointed-day">the appointed day </term>
” means the day appointed by the Lord Chancellor under section 47(2) of this Act for the coming into force of section 3(2) thereof.
</p>
</blockContainer>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-7-crossheading-the-legal-aid-fund" period="#period6">
<heading> The Legal Aid Fund</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-2" period="#period6">
<num>2</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-2-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>On the appointed day the legal aid fund (“the Old Fund ”) maintained by the Law Society under section 17 of the 1974 Act shall be wound up.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-2-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>
If, as at the appointed day, after taking account of all receipts and expenses of the Law Society attributable to their functions under the 1974 Act and the
<noteRef href="#c10513591" marker="M40" class="commentary M"/>
Legal Aid Act 1982 (“the 1982 Act ”), there is in relation to the Old Fund any surplus or deficit—
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-2-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>such surplus shall be paid by the Law Society to the Lord Chancellor; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-2-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>such deficit shall be made up by payment to the Law Society by the Lord Chancellor of the amount of the deficit.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-2-3">
<num>3</num>
<intro>
<p>Notwithstanding their repeal by this Act—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-2-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>sections 15(9) and 18 of the 1974 Act shall continue to have effect for the purposes of requiring the Law Society to account for the Old Fund and to report on the discharge of its functions under that Act up to the appointed day; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-2-3-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>section 17(5) of that Act shall continue to have effect for the purposes of any determination as to the expenses or receipts of the Law Society;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>and, if the appointed day falls on a day which is not the last day of the financial year (for the purposes of the said section 18), references in those sections to the financial year shall be construed as references to the period commencing on the day immediately following the end of the last complete financial year and ending with the appointed day.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-2-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>The Lord Chancellor shall pay to the Law Society such expenses incurred after the appointed day in connection with their functions under sections 15(9) and 18 of the 1974 Act as appear to him to be reasonable.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-2-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>Any payments received by the Lord Chancellor under sub-paragraph (2)(a) above shall be paid by him into the legal aid fund established by the Board under section 6.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-2-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>Any amount required to be paid by the Lord Chancellor under sub-paragraph (2)(b) or (4) above shall be defrayed out of money provided by Parliament.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-7-crossheading-rights-obligations-and-property" period="#period6">
<heading> Rights, obligations and property</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-3" period="#period6">
<num>3</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-3-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>Subject to paragraph 2, on the appointed day all rights, obligations and property of the Law Society which are referable to its functions under the 1974 Act and the 1982 Act shall become rights, obligations and property of the Board.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-3-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>Any payments which are required to be made into or out of the Old Fund in connection with legal aid or advice or assistance under the 1974 Act shall, on and after the appointed day, be paid to or by the Board.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-7-crossheading-transfer-of-functions" period="#period6">
<heading> Transfer of functions</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-4" period="#period6">
<num>4</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-4-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>Any grant of legal aid under Part I of the 1974 Act which is in force immediately before the appointed day shall, on and after the appointed day, have effect as a grant by the Board of representation under Part IV of this Act.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-4-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>
Any approval given in connection with the grant of legal aid or advice or assistance under Part I of the 1974 Act which is in force immediately before the appointed day shall, on and after the appointed day, have effect as an approval by the Board in connection with the corresponding advice, assistance or representation under Part III or
<abbr class="Acronym" title="4">IV</abbr>
of this Act.
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-4-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Anything which, immediately before the appointed day, is in the process of being done by or in relation to the Law Society in connection with any function which it has relating to legal aid or advice or assistance under Part I of the 1974 Act, may be continued, on and after the appointed day, by or in relation to the Board.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-7-crossheading-legal-aid-contribution-orders" period="#period6">
<heading> Legal aid contribution orders</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-5" period="#period6">
<num>5</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>Notwithstanding their repeal by this Act, the provisions of the 1974 Act and the 1982 Act with respect to legal aid contribution orders shall continue to have effect in relation to any such order made in connection with a legal aid order made by virtue of section 28(11A) of the 1974 Act (legal aid for proceedings for contempt).</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-7-crossheading-the-board-transfers-of-employment" period="#period6">
<heading> The Board: transfers of employment</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-6" period="#period6">
<num>6</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-6-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>The Board shall make, not later than such date as the Lord Chancellor may determine, an offer of employment by the Board to such of the persons employed immediately before that date by the Law Society for the purpose of their functions under the 1974 Act as fall within such descriptions as the Lord Chancellor designates for the purposes of this paragraph or are persons whom the Board wishes to employ.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-6-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>The terms of the offer shall be such that they are, taken as a whole, not less favourable to the person to whom the offer is made than the terms on which he is employed on the date on which the offer is made.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-6-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>An offer made in pursuance of this paragraph shall not be revocable during the period of 3 months commencing with the date on which it is made.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-7" period="#period2">
<num>7</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-7-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>
Where a person becomes an employee of the Board on acceptance of an offer made under paragraph 6, then, for the purposes of the
<noteRef href="#c10513601" marker="M41" class="commentary M"/>
Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978, his period of employment with the Law Society shall count as a period of employment by the Board, and the change of employment shall not break the continuity of the period of employment.
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-7-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>Where an offer is made under paragraph 6 to any person, none of the agreed redundancy procedures applicable to employees of the Law Society shall apply to him.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-7-3">
<num>3</num>
<intro>
<p>Where a person employed by the Law Society ceases to be so employed—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-7-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>on becoming a member of the staff of the Board on accepting an offer under paragraph 6, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-7-3-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>having unreasonably refused such an offer,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>Part VI of the Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act 1978 shall not apply to him and he shall not be treated for the purposes of any scheme in force under section 19 of the 1974 Act as having been retired on redundancy.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-7-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>Where a person to whom an offer under paragraph 6 has been made continues in employment in the Law Society after having not unreasonably refused that offer he shall be treated for all purposes as if no offer under paragraph 6 had been made to him.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-8" period="#period5">
<num>8</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-8-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>Any dispute as to whether an offer purporting to be made under paragraph 6 complies with that paragraph shall be referred to and be determined by an industrial tribunal.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-8-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>An industrial tribunal shall not consider a complaint referred to it under sub-paragraph (1) above unless the complaint is presented to the tribunal before the end of the period of 3 months beginning with the date of the offer of employment or within such further period as the tribunal considers reasonable in a case where it is satisfied that it was not reasonably practicable for the complaint to be presented before the end of the period of 3 months.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-8-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>An appeal shall lie to the Employment Appeal Tribunal on a question of law arising from the decision of, or in proceedings before, an industrial tribunal under this paragraph.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-8-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>Except as mentioned in sub-paragraph (3) above, no appeal shall lie from the decision of an industrial tribunal under this paragraph.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-9" period="#period6">
<num>9</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-9-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>In the event of the Board assuming under section 3(4) any of the functions specified in that subsection the Lord Chancellor shall by regulations make such provision corresponding to paragraphs 6, 7 and 8 in respect of employees to whom this paragraph applies as appears to him to be appropriate.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-9-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>This paragraph applies to persons employed—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-9-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>in the civil service of the State, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-9-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>by a magistrates’ courts committee,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>and so employed wholly or mainly in connection with the functions referred to in sub-paragraph (1) above.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-7-crossheading-pensions" period="#period6">
<heading> Pensions</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-10" period="#period6">
<num>10</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>Any arrangements made by the Law Society under section 19 of the 1974 Act in respect of any pension shall be treated on and after the appointed day (so far as may be necessary to preserve their effect) as having been made under paragraph 10(2) of Schedule 1 to this Act, and any pension scheme administered by the Law Society immediately before the appointed day shall be deemed to be a pension scheme established and administered by the Board under that paragraph and shall continue to be administered accordingly.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-7-crossheading-representation-in-affiliation-proceedings-transitory-provision" period="#period6">
<heading> Representation in affiliation proceedings: transitory provision</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-7-paragraph-11" period="#period6">
<num>11</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>
Until the repeal of the
<noteRef href="#c10513671" marker="M42" class="commentary M"/>
Affiliation Proceedings Act 1957 by the
<noteRef href="#c10513681" marker="M43" class="commentary M"/>
Family Law Reform Act 1987 takes effect, Schedule 2 to this Act shall be taken to include proceedings in the Crown Court or a magistrates’ court for or in relation to an affiliation order within the meaning of the Affiliation Proceedings Act 1957.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="schedule" eId="schedule-8" period="#period6">
<num>
SCHEDULE 8
<authorialNote class="referenceNote" placement="right">
<p>Section 46.</p>
</authorialNote>
</num>
<heading> Transitory Amendments of Legal Aid Act 1974</heading>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-8-crossheading-preliminary" period="#period6">
<heading> Preliminary</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-8-paragraph-1" period="#period6">
<num>1</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>
In this Schedule “
<term refersTo="#term-the-1974-act">the 1974 Act </term>
” means the
<noteRef href="#c10513701" marker="M44" class="commentary M"/>
Legal Aid Act 1974.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-8-crossheading-regulation-of-charges-on-property" period="#period6">
<heading> Regulation of charges on property</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-8-paragraph-2" period="#period6">
<num>2</num>
<heading/>
<intro>
<p>In section 20(2)(e) of the 1974 Act (regulation of charge on property)—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-8-paragraph-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>after the words “receiving advice or assistance or legal aid ” there shall be inserted the words “and regulating the release or postponement of the enforcement of any charge (however created) for the benefit of the legal aid fund ”; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-8-paragraph-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>at the end there shall be inserted the words</p>
<p class="BlockAmendment">
<mod>
<quotedStructure class="unknown unknown unknown default" startQuote="" endQuote="">
<p class="run-on">; and </p>
<subparagraph eId="d4e6433">
<num>iii</num>
<content>
<p>requiring interest to be charged at a prescribed rate in circumstances where enforcement of a charge for the benefit of the legal aid fund is postponed</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</quotedStructure>
</mod>
<inline name="AppendText">.</inline>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="schedule-8-crossheading-remuneration" period="#period6">
<heading> Remuneration</heading>
<paragraph eId="schedule-8-paragraph-3" period="#period6">
<num>3</num>
<heading/>
<content>
<p>In section 39 of the 1974 Act, for subsection (3) (fair remuneration in criminal and certain other legal aid cases) there shall be substituted the following—</p>
<p class="BlockAmendment">
<mod>
<quotedStructure class="primary unknown main default" startQuote="" endQuote="">
<subsection eId="d4e6453">
<num>3</num>
<intro>
<p>The Lord Chancellor, in making regulations under this section as to the amounts payable to counsel or solicitors undertaking any description of legal aid work under this Part of this Act, shall have regard, among the matters which are relevant, to—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="d4e6459">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>the time and skill which it requires;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="d4e6465">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>the general level of fee income arising from it;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="d4e6471">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>the general level of expenses of barristers and solicitors which is attributable to it;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="d4e6477">
<num>d</num>
<content>
<p>the number and general level of competence of barristers and solicitors undertaking it;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="d4e6483">
<num>e</num>
<content>
<p>the effect of the regulations on the handling of the work; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="d4e6489">
<num>f</num>
<content>
<p>the cost to public funds of any provision made by the regulations.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
</quotedStructure>
</mod>
<inline name="AppendText">.</inline>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-8-paragraph-4" period="#period6">
<num>4</num>
<heading/>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-8-paragraph-4-1">
<num>1</num>
<intro>
<p>In Schedule 2 to the 1974 Act (remuneration in civil legal aid cases)—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="schedule-8-paragraph-4-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>in paragraph 1(1), for the words “95 per cent. of the ” there shall be substituted the words “the full ”; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="schedule-8-paragraph-4-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>in paragraph 2(1), for the words “95 per cent. of the ” there shall be substituted the words “the full ”.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="schedule-8-paragraph-4-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>The amendments made by this paragraph have effect in relation to any case in which the order or direction for taxation is made on or after the date on which this Act is passed.</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
</hcontainer>
</hcontainer>
</hcontainer>
</body>
</act>
</akomaNtoso>