http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/34/section/2/1997-03-21Legal Aid Act 1988An Act to make new provision for the administration of, and to revise the law relating to, legal aid, advice and assistance.1988-07-29texttext/xmlenStatute Law Database2017-10-171997-03-21 Part I Preliminary Interpretation.21This section has effect for the interpretation of this Act.2Advice ” means oral or written advice on the application of English law to any particular circumstances that have arisen in relation to the person seeking the advice and as to the steps which that person might appropriately take having regard to the application of English law to those circumstances.3Assistance ” means assistance in taking any of the steps which a person might take, including steps with respect to proceedings, having regard to the application of English law to any particular circumstances that have arisen in relation to him, whether by taking such steps on his behalf (including assistance by way of representation) or by assisting him in taking them on his own behalf.3AMediation ” means mediation to which Part IIIA of this Act applies; and includes steps taken by a mediator in any case—ain determining whether to embark on mediation;bin preparing for mediation; andcin making any assessment under that Part.4Representation ” means representation for the purposes of proceedings and it includes—aall such assistance as is usually given by a legal representativein the steps preliminary or incidental to any proceedings;ball such assistance as is usually so given in civil proceedings in arriving at or giving effect to a compromise to avoid or bring to an end any proceedings; andcin the case of criminal proceedings, advice and assistance as to any appeal;and related expressions have corresponding meanings.5Regulations may specify what is, or is not, to be included in advice or assistance of any description, or representation for the purposes of proceedings of any description, to which any Part or provision of a Part of this Act applies and the regulations may provide for the inclusion, in prescribed circumstances, of advice or assistance given otherwise than under this Act.6Advice, assistance and representation under this Act, except when made available under Part II, shall only be by legal representatives, but in the case of Part II, may be by other persons.7Subject to section 59 of the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990, regulations—amay prescribe the circumstances in which representation shall be only by one legal representative and may require him to be from a prescribed category;bmay regulate representation by more than one legal representative from any one or more prescribed categories.7AIf it is satisfied that the circumstances of a particular case in the Supreme Court or the House of Lords warrant a direction under this subsection, the Board or, in the case of criminal proceedings the competent authority, may direct that representation in that case shall be by one legal representative.7BIn subsection (7A), “competent authority ” shall be construed in accordance with section 20.8The Lord Chancellor may, if it appears to him to be necessary to do so for the purpose of fulfilling any obligation imposed on the United Kingdom or Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom by any international agreement, by order direct that such advice or assistance relating to the application of other laws than English law as is specified in the order shall be advice or assistance for any of the purposes of this Act.9For the purposes of the application of subsection (8) above in the case of an obligation to provide for the transmission to other countries of applications for legal aid under their laws, the reference to advice or assistance relating to the application of other laws includes a reference to advice or assistance for the purposes of making and transmitting such an application.10In this Act “person ” does not include a body of persons corporate or unincorporate which is not concerned in a representative, fiduciary or official capacity so as to authorise advice, assistance or representation to be granted to such a body.11In this Act “legally assisted person ” means any person who receives, under this Act, advice, assistance , mediation or representation and, in relation to proceedings, any reference to an assisted party or an unassisted party is to be construed accordingly.S. 2(3A) inserted (21.3.1997) by 1996 c. 27, s. 26(2); S.I. 1997/1077, art. 2Words in s. 2(4) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 63(3)(a); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.Words in s. 2(6) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 61(1); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.S. 2(7)(7A)(7B) substituted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 125(3), Sch. 18 para. 61(2).; S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.S. 2(7) restricted (1. 4. 1991) by Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37), s. 59(1)(2); S.I. 1991/608, art. 2, Sch.Word in s. 2(11) inserted (21.3.1997) by 1996 c. 27, s. 66(1), Sch. 8 Pt. II para. 44(3); S.I. 1997/1077, art.2
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<dc:title>Legal Aid Act 1988</dc:title>
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<Title> Interpretation.</Title>
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<Text>This section has effect for the interpretation of this Act.</Text>
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<Text>
<Term id="term-advice">Advice </Term>
” means oral or written advice on the application of English law to any particular circumstances that have arisen in relation to the person seeking the advice and as to the steps which that person might appropriately take having regard to the application of English law to those circumstances.
</Text>
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<Text>
<Term id="term-assistance">Assistance </Term>
” means assistance in taking any of the steps which a person might take, including steps with respect to proceedings, having regard to the application of English law to any particular circumstances that have arisen in relation to him, whether by taking such steps on his behalf (including assistance by way of representation) or by assisting him in taking them on his own behalf.
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3A
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<Text>
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<Term id="term-mediation">
<Addition ChangeId="d29p3609">Mediation </Addition>
</Term>
<Addition ChangeId="d29p3609">” means mediation to which Part IIIA of this Act applies; and includes steps taken by a mediator in any case—</Addition>
</Text>
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<Addition ChangeId="d29p3609">a</Addition>
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<Text>
<Addition ChangeId="d29p3609">in determining whether to embark on mediation;</Addition>
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<Text>
<Addition ChangeId="d29p3609">in preparing for mediation; and</Addition>
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<Pnumber>
<Addition ChangeId="d29p3609">c</Addition>
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<Text>
<Addition ChangeId="d29p3609">in making any assessment under that Part.</Addition>
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<Term id="term-representation">Representation </Term>
” means representation for the purposes of proceedings and it includes—
</Text>
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<Text>
all such assistance as is usually given by a
<Addition ChangeId="d29p3656" CommentaryRef="c10507561">legal representative</Addition>
in the steps preliminary or incidental to any proceedings;
</Text>
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<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
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<Text>all such assistance as is usually so given in civil proceedings in arriving at or giving effect to a compromise to avoid or bring to an end any proceedings; and</Text>
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<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/34/section/2/4/c/1997-03-21" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/2/4/c" id="section-2-4-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
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<Text>in the case of criminal proceedings, advice and assistance as to any appeal;</Text>
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<Text>and related expressions have corresponding meanings.</Text>
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<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Regulations may specify what is, or is not, to be included in advice or assistance of any description, or representation for the purposes of proceedings of any description, to which any Part or provision of a Part of this Act applies and the regulations may provide for the inclusion, in prescribed circumstances, of advice or assistance given otherwise than under this Act.</Text>
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<Pnumber>6</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
Advice, assistance and representation under this Act, except when made available under Part II,
<Addition ChangeId="d29p3688" CommentaryRef="c10507571">shall only be by legal representatives</Addition>
, but in the case of Part II, may be by other persons.
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<Pnumber>
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7
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<Text>
<Addition ChangeId="d29p3692" CommentaryRef="c10507581">Subject to section 59 of the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990, regulations—</Addition>
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<Addition ChangeId="d29p3692" CommentaryRef="c10507581">may prescribe the circumstances in which representation shall be only by one legal representative and may require him to be from a prescribed category;</Addition>
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<Addition ChangeId="d29p3692" CommentaryRef="c10507581">b</Addition>
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<Addition ChangeId="d29p3692" CommentaryRef="c10507581">may regulate representation by more than one legal representative from any one or more prescribed categories.</Addition>
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<Text>
<Addition ChangeId="d29p3692" CommentaryRef="c10507581">If it is satisfied that the circumstances of a particular case in the Supreme Court or the House of Lords warrant a direction under this subsection, the Board or, in the case of criminal proceedings the competent authority, may direct that representation in that case shall be by one legal representative.</Addition>
</Text>
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<Addition ChangeId="d29p3692" CommentaryRef="c10507581">7B</Addition>
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<Text>
<Addition ChangeId="d29p3692" CommentaryRef="c10507581">In subsection (7A), “competent authority ” shall be construed in accordance with section 20.</Addition>
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<Pnumber>8</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The Lord Chancellor may, if it appears to him to be necessary to do so for the purpose of fulfilling any obligation imposed on the United Kingdom or Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom by any international agreement, by order direct that such advice or assistance relating to the application of other laws than English law as is specified in the order shall be advice or assistance for any of the purposes of this Act.</Text>
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<Pnumber>9</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>For the purposes of the application of subsection (8) above in the case of an obligation to provide for the transmission to other countries of applications for legal aid under their laws, the reference to advice or assistance relating to the application of other laws includes a reference to advice or assistance for the purposes of making and transmitting such an application.</Text>
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<Pnumber>10</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In this Act “
<Term id="term-person">person </Term>
” does not include a body of persons corporate or unincorporate which is not concerned in a representative, fiduciary or official capacity so as to authorise advice, assistance or representation to be granted to such a body.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/34/section/2/11/1997-03-21" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/2/11" id="section-2-11">
<Pnumber>11</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In this Act “
<Term id="term-legally-assisted-person">legally assisted person </Term>
” means any person who receives, under this Act, advice, assistance
<Addition ChangeId="d29p3756" CommentaryRef="c10507601">, mediation</Addition>
or representation and, in relation to proceedings, any reference to an assisted party or an unassisted party is to be construed accordingly.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</Part>
</Body>
</Primary>
<Commentaries>
<Commentary id="c10507551" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef id="c00826" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/2/3A" SectionRef="section-2-3A">S. 2(3A)</CitationSubRef>
inserted (21.3.1997) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/27" id="c00827" Year="1996" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Number="27">1996 c. 27</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00828" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/27/section/26/2" Operative="true" CitationRef="c00827" SectionRef="section-26-2">s. 26(2)</CitationSubRef>
;
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1997/1077" id="c00829" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="1997" Number="1077">S.I. 1997/1077</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00830" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1997/1077/article/2" Operative="true" CitationRef="c00829" SectionRef="article-2">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c10507561" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
Words in
<CitationSubRef id="c00831" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/2/4" SectionRef="section-2-4">s. 2(4)</CitationSubRef>
substituted (
<Emphasis>1. 4. 1991</Emphasis>
) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41" id="c00832" Year="1990" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Number="41" Title="Courts and Legal Services Act 1990">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00833" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3" CitationRef="c00832" SectionRef="section-125-3">s. 125(3)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00834" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/63/3/a" Operative="true" CitationRef="c00832" SectionRef="schedule-18-paragraph-63-3-a">Sch. 18 para. 63(3)(a)</CitationSubRef>
;
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608" id="c00835" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="1991" Number="608">S.I. 1991/608</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00836" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2" CitationRef="c00835" SectionRef="article-2">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00837" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule" Operative="true" CitationRef="c00835" SectionRef="schedule">Sch.</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c10507571" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
Words in
<CitationSubRef id="c00838" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/2/6" SectionRef="section-2-6">s. 2(6)</CitationSubRef>
substituted (
<Emphasis>1. 4. 1991</Emphasis>
) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41" id="c00839" Year="1990" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Number="41" Title="Courts and Legal Services Act 1990">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00840" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3" CitationRef="c00839" SectionRef="section-125-3">s. 125(3)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00841" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/61/1" Operative="true" CitationRef="c00839" SectionRef="schedule-18-paragraph-61-1">Sch. 18 para. 61(1)</CitationSubRef>
;
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608" id="c00842" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="1991" Number="608">S.I. 1991/608</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00843" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2" CitationRef="c00842" SectionRef="article-2">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00844" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule" Operative="true" CitationRef="c00842" SectionRef="schedule">Sch.</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c10507581" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef id="c00845" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/2/7/7A/7B" SectionRef="section-2-7-7A-7B">S. 2(7)(7A)(7B)</CitationSubRef>
substituted (
<Emphasis>1. 4. 1991</Emphasis>
) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41" id="c00846" Year="1990" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Number="41" Title="Courts and Legal Services Act 1990">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00847" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/125/3" CitationRef="c00846" SectionRef="section-125-3">s. 125(3)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00848" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/schedule/18/paragraph/61/2" Operative="true" CitationRef="c00846" SectionRef="schedule-18-paragraph-61-2">Sch. 18 para. 61(2)</CitationSubRef>
.;
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608" id="c00849" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="1991" Number="608">S.I. 1991/608</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00850" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2" CitationRef="c00849" SectionRef="article-2">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00851" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule" Operative="true" CitationRef="c00849" SectionRef="schedule">Sch.</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c10507591" Type="C">
<Para>
<Text>
<CitationSubRef id="c00852" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/2/7" SectionRef="section-2-7">S. 2(7)</CitationSubRef>
restricted (
<Emphasis>1. 4. 1991</Emphasis>
) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41" id="c00853" Year="1990" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Number="41" Title="Courts and Legal Services Act 1990">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41, SIF 37)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00854" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1990/41/section/59/1/2" Operative="true" CitationRef="c00853" SectionRef="section-59-1-2">s. 59(1)(2)</CitationSubRef>
;
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608" id="c00855" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="1991" Number="608">S.I. 1991/608</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00856" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/article/2" CitationRef="c00855" SectionRef="article-2">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00857" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1991/608/schedule" Operative="true" CitationRef="c00855" SectionRef="schedule">Sch.</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c10507601" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
Word in
<CitationSubRef id="c00858" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/34/section/2/11" SectionRef="section-2-11">s. 2(11)</CitationSubRef>
inserted (21.3.1997) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/27" id="c00859" Year="1996" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Number="27">1996 c. 27</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00860" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/27/section/66/1" CitationRef="c00859" SectionRef="section-66-1">s. 66(1)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00861" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/27/schedule/8/part/II/paragraph/44/3" Operative="true" CitationRef="c00859" SectionRef="schedule-8-part-II-paragraph-44-3">Sch. 8 Pt. II para. 44(3)</CitationSubRef>
;
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1997/1077" id="c00862" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="1997" Number="1077">S.I. 1997/1077</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00863" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1997/1077/article/2" Operative="true" CitationRef="c00862" SectionRef="article-2">art.2</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
</Commentaries>
</Legislation>