Word in s. 47(1)(2)(a) inserted (19.12.2003) by Finance Act 2002 (c. 23), s. 19, Sch. 5 para. 12; S.I. 2003/3086, art. 2(a)

Words in s. 47(1)(2) inserted (29.4.1996 with effect as mentioned in Sch. 2 para. 14(3) of the amending Act) by 1996 c. 8, s. 23, Sch. 2 para. 14(1)(a)(3)

Word in s. 48(3)(a) inserted (19.12.2003) by Finance Act 2002 (c. 23), s. 19, Sch. 5 para. 13; S.I. 2003/3086, art. 2(a)

Words in s. 48(3) inserted (29.4.1996 with effect as mentioned in Sch. 2 para. 14(3) of the amending Act) by 1996 c. 8, s. 23, Sch. 2 para. 14(1)(b)(3)

Words in s. 48(4) substituted (1.4.1996) by 1995 c. 40, ss. 5, 7(2), Sch. 4 para. 90(4)

Words in s. 51(1) substituted (1.4.1998) by 1997 c. 16, s. 18, Sch. 3 para. 7(2); S.I. 1998/560, art. 2

S. 51A inserted (29.4.1996) by 1996 c. 8, s. 23, Sch. 2 para. 13

S. 52(3)-(6) substituted (31.1.1997) for s. 52(3)-(5) by 1995 c. 38, s. 15(1), Sch. 1 para. 19 (with ss. 1(3), 6(4)(5), 14); S.I. 1996/3217, art. 2

S. 52(5) repealed (6.9.1999) by S.I. 1997/2983 (N.I. 21), art. 13(2), Sch. 2 (with art. 12); S.R. 1999/339, art. 2

Words in s. 52(6) repealed (6.9.1999) by S.I. 1997/2983 (N.I. 21), art. 13(2), Sch. 2 (with art. 12); S.R. 1999/339, art. 2

Word in s. 53 inserted (19.12.2003) by Finance Act 2002 (c. 23), s. 19, Sch. 5 para. 14; S.I. 2003/3086, art. 2(a)

Words in s. 54 inserted (19.12.2003) by Finance Act 2002 (c. 23), s. 19, Sch. 5 para. 15; S.I. 2003/3086, art. 2(a)

Words in s. 55(1) substituted (1.9.1998) by 1998 c. 15, s. 4(2)(c); S.I. 1998/1837, art. 2

Words in s. 55(1) substituted (29.4.1996 with effect as mentioned in Sch. 2 para. 14(3) of the amending Act) for s. 55(1)(a)(b) by 1996 c. 8, s. 23, Sch. 2 para. 14(2)(3)

Words in s. 55(5)(a) substituted (1.9.1998) by 1998 c. 15, s. 4(1)(b); S.I. 1998/1837, art. 2

1979 c. 2.

1980 c. 43.

S.I.1981/1675 (N.I.26).

1980 c. 43.

S.I. 1981/1675 (N.I.26).

1980 c. 43.

S.I. 1981/1675 (N.I.26).

1979 c. 2.

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1994/22/part/IV/2003-12-19Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994An Act to consolidate the enactments relating to vehicle excise duty and the registration of vehicles.1994-07-05texttext/xmlenStatute Law Database2024-05-282003-12-19Part IV Legal proceedings Institution and conduct of proceedings
47 Proceedings in England and Wales or Northern Ireland.(1)

No proceedings for an offence under section 29, 31A, 34 ,35A or 37 shall be instituted in England and Wales or Northern Ireland except by the Secretary of State or a constable; and no such proceedings shall be instituted there by a constable except with the approval of the Secretary of State.

(2)

Proceedings for an offence under—

(a)

section 29, 31A, 34 ,35A or 37, or

(b)

regulations under this Act,

may be commenced in England or Wales or Northern Ireland by the Secretary of State or a constable at any time within six months from the date on which evidence sufficient in his opinion to justify the proceedings came to his knowledge.

(3)

No proceedings for any offence may be commenced by virtue of subsection (2) more than three years after the commission of the offence.

(4)

A certificate—

(a)

stating that the Secretary of State’s approval is given for the institution by a constable of any proceedings specified in the certificate, and

(b)

signed by or on behalf of the Secretary of State,

is conclusive evidence of that approval.

(5)

A certificate—

(a)

stating the date on which evidence such as is mentioned in subsection (2) came to the knowledge of the Secretary of State or a constable, and

(b)

signed by or on behalf of the Secretary of State or constable,

is conclusive evidence of that date.

(6)

A certificate—

(a)

including a statement such as is mentioned in paragraph (a) of subsection (4) or (5), and

(b)

purporting to be signed as mentioned in paragraph (b) of the subsection concerned,

is to be deemed to be so signed unless the contrary is proved.

(7)

The following provisions of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 do not apply to proceedings in England and Wales or Northern Ireland for any offence under this Act—

(a)

section 145 (which would require such proceedings to be instituted by order of the Secretary of State and certain such proceedings to be commenced in the name of an officer of his), and

(b)

section 146A (which would impose time-limits for bringing such proceedings).

48 Proceedings in Scotland.(1)

Summary proceedings for an offence under this Act, except under section 44 or 45, may be instituted in Scotland by the Secretary of State.

(2)

The Secretary of State may (despite the provisions of any enactment) institute proceedings by virtue of subsection (1) in any court of summary jurisdiction in Scotland.

(3)

Summary proceedings in Scotland in respect of any offence under—

(a)

section 29, 31A, 34 ,35A 37, 44 or 45, or

(b)

regulations under this Act,

may not be commenced more than three years after the commission of the offence.

(4)

Subject to that (and despite anything in section 136 of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 (limitation of time for proceedings in statutory offences)), any such proceedings may be commenced—

(a)

in the case of proceedings instituted by the procurator fiscal as a result of information supplied to him by the Secretary of State, at any time within six months from the date on which the information came to the knowledge of the Secretary of State, and

(b)

in any other case, at any time within six months from the date on which evidence sufficient in the opinion of the person instituting the proceedings to justify the proceedings came to his knowledge;

and subsection (3) of that section applies for the purposes of this subsection as it applies for the purposes of that section.

(5)

A certificate—

(a)

stating the date on which information such as is mentioned in subsection (4)(a) came to the knowledge of the Secretary of State, and

(b)

signed by or on behalf of the Secretary of State,

is conclusive evidence of that date.

(6)

A certificate—

(a)

stating the date on which evidence such as is mentioned in subsection (4)(b) came to the knowledge of the person instituting the proceedings, and

(b)

signed by or on behalf of that person,

is conclusive evidence of that date.

(7)

A certificate—

(a)

including a statement such as is mentioned in paragraph (a) of subsection (5) or (6), and

(b)

purporting to be signed as mentioned in paragraph (b) of the subsection concerned,

is to be deemed to be so signed unless the contrary is proved.

49 Authorised persons.

A person authorised by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this section may on behalf of the Secretary of State conduct and appear in any proceedings by or against the Secretary of State under this Act—

(a)

in England and Wales, in a magistrates’ court or before a district judge of a county court,

(b)

in Scotland, in any court other than the High Court of Justiciary or the Court of Session, and

(c)

in Northern Ireland, in a court of summary jurisdiction or before a county court.

50 Time-limit for recovery of underpayments and overpayments.

No proceedings shall be brought—

(a)

by the Secretary of State for the recovery of any underpayment of duty on a vehicle licence, or

(b)

by any person for the recovery of any overpayment of duty on a vehicle licence taken out by him,

after the end of the period of twelve months beginning with the end of the period in respect of which the licence was taken out.

Evidence
51 Admissions.(1)

This section applies where in any proceedings in England and Wales or Northern Ireland for an offence under section 29 , 34 or 43A

(a)

it is appropriately proved that there has been served on the accused by post a requirement under section 46(1) or (2) to give information as to the identity of—

(i)

the driver of, or a person who used, a particular vehicle, or

(ii)

the person who kept a particular vehicle on a road,

on the particular occasion on which the offence is alleged to have been committed, and

(b)

a statement in writing is produced to the court purporting to be signed by the accused that he was—

(i)

the driver of, or a person who used, that vehicle, or

(ii)

the person who kept that vehicle on a road,

on that occasion.

(2)

Where this section applies, the court may accept the statement as evidence that the accused was—

(a)

the driver of, or a person who used, that vehicle, or

(b)

the person who kept that vehicle on a road,

on that occasion.

(3)

In subsection (1) “appropriately proved” means proved to the satisfaction of the court—

(a)

on oath, or

(b)

in the manner prescribed—

(i)

in England and Wales, by rules under section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980, or

(ii)

in Northern Ireland, by magistrates’ courts rules, as defined by Article 2(3) of the Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981.

51A Admissions: offences under regulations.(1)

Subsection (2) applies in relation to any proceedings in England, Wales or Northern Ireland against a person for an offence on the grounds that—

(a)

a vehicle has been sold or disposed of by, through or to him and he has failed to furnish particulars prescribed by regulations made by virtue of section 22(1)(d);

(b)

a vehicle has been sold or disposed of by or through him and he has failed to furnish a document prescribed by regulations made by virtue of section 22(1)(dd); or

(c)

he has surrendered, or not renewed, a vehicle licence, or is keeping an unlicensed vehicle, and has failed to furnish any particulars or make a declaration prescribed by regulations made by virtue of section 22(1D).

(2)

If—

(a)

it is appropriately proved that there has been served on the accused by post a requirement under section 46A to give information as to the identity of the person keeping the vehicle at a particular time, and

(b)

a statement in writing is produced to the court purporting to be signed by the accused that he was keeping the vehicle at that time,

the court may accept the statement as evidence that the accused was keeping the vehicle at that time.

(3)

In subsection (2) “appropriately proved” has the same meaning as in section 51.

52 Records.(1)

A statement to which this section applies is admissible in any proceedings as evidence (or, in Scotland, sufficient evidence) of any fact stated in it with respect to matters prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State to the same extent as oral evidence of that fact is admissible in the proceedings.

(2)

This section applies to a statement contained in a document purporting to be—

(a)

a part of the records maintained by the Secretary of State in connection with any functions exercisable by him under or by virtue of this Act,

(b)

a copy of a document forming part of those records, or

(c)

a note of any information contained in those records,

and to be authenticated by a person authorised to do so by the Secretary of State.

(3)

In this section as it has effect in England and Wales—

document” means anything in which information of any description is recorded;

copy”, in relation to a document, means anything onto which information recorded in the document has been copied, by whatever means and whether directly or indirectly; and

statement” means any representation of fact, however made.

(4)

In this section as it has effect in Scotland, “document” and “statement” have the same meanings as in section 17(3) of the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1968, and the reference to a copy of a document shall be construed in accordance with section 17(4) of that Act.

(5)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(6)

Nothing in subsection (4) . . .limits to civil proceedings the references to proceedings in subsection (1).

53 Burden of proof.

Where in any proceedings for an offence under section 29, 31A, 34, 37 or 45 any question arises as to—

(a)

the number of vehicles used,

(b)

the character, weight or cylinder capacity of a vehicle,

(c)

the seating capacity of a vehicle, or

(d)

the purpose for which a vehicle has been used,

the burden of proof in respect of the matter lies on the accused.

54 Single witness sufficient in certain Scottish proceedings.

In any proceedings in Scotland for an offence under section 29 , 31A or 33 the accused may be convicted on the evidence of one witness.

55 Guilty plea by absent accused.(1)

This section applies where, under section 12(5) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 or Article 24(2) of the Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981, a person is convicted in his absence of an offence under section 29 or 35Aand it is appropriately proved that a relevant notice was served on the accused with a summons

(2)

In subsection (1) “appropriately proved” means—

(a)

in England and Wales, proved to the satisfaction of the court—

(i)

on oath, or

(ii)

in the manner prescribed by rules under section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980, and

(b)

in Northern Ireland, proved to the satisfaction of the court—

(i)

on oath,

(ii)

by affidavit, or

(iii)

in the manner prescribed by magistrates’ courts rules, as defined by Article 2(3) of the Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981.

(3)

In this section “relevant notice”, in relation to an accused, means a notice stating that, in the event of his being convicted of the offence, it will be alleged that an order requiring him to pay an amount specified in the notice falls to be made by the court—

(a)

in a case within subsection (1)(a), under section 30, or

(b)

in a case within subsection (1)(b), under section 36.

(4)

Where this section applies, the court shall proceed under section 30, or section 36, as if the amount specified in the relevant notice were the amount calculated in accordance with that section.

(5)

The court shall not so proceed if it is stated in the notification purporting to be given by or on behalf of the accused under—

(a)

section 12(4) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980, or

(b)

Article 24(2) of the Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981,

that the amount specified in the relevant notice is inappropriate.

Penalties etc.
56 Penalties and fines.(1)

Any penalty recovered under or by virtue of this Act shall be paid into the Consolidated Fund.

(2)

Section 151 of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 (application of penalties) does not apply to penalties recovered under or by virtue of this Act.

(3)

Any fine imposed under or by virtue of this Act which (apart from this subsection) would not be paid into the Consolidated Fund shall be so paid.

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<p>
Word in
<ref eId="c00877" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1994/22/section/47/1/2/a">s. 47(1)(2)(a)</ref>
inserted (19.12.2003) by
<ref eId="c00878" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/23">Finance Act 2002 (c. 23)</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00879" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/23/section/19">s. 19</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00880" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/23/schedule/5/paragraph/12">Sch. 5 para. 12</ref>
;
<ref eId="c00881" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/3086">S.I. 2003/3086</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00882" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/3086/article/2/a">art. 2(a)</ref>
</p>
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<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="F" class="commentary F" eId="c12510421" marker="F2">
<p>
Words in
<ref eId="c00883" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1994/22/section/47/1/2">s. 47(1)(2)</ref>
inserted (29.4.1996 with effect as mentioned in
<ref eId="c00884" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/8/schedule/2/paragraph/14/3">Sch. 2 para. 14(3)</ref>
of the amending Act) by
<ref eId="c00885" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/8">1996 c. 8</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00886" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/8/section/23">s. 23</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00887" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/8/schedule/2/paragraph/14/1/a/3">Sch. 2 para. 14(1)(a)(3)</ref>
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<p>
Word in
<ref eId="c00889" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1994/22/section/48/3/a">s. 48(3)(a)</ref>
inserted (19.12.2003) by
<ref eId="c00890" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/23">Finance Act 2002 (c. 23)</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00891" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/23/section/19">s. 19</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00892" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/23/schedule/5/paragraph/13">Sch. 5 para. 13</ref>
;
<ref eId="c00893" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/3086">S.I. 2003/3086</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00894" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/3086/article/2/a">art. 2(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="F" class="commentary F" eId="c12510471" marker="F4">
<p>
Words in
<ref eId="c00895" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1994/22/section/48/3">s. 48(3)</ref>
inserted (29.4.1996 with effect as mentioned in
<ref eId="c00896" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/8/schedule/2/paragraph/14/3">Sch. 2 para. 14(3)</ref>
of the amending Act) by
<ref eId="c00897" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/8">1996 c. 8</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00898" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/8/section/23">s. 23</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00899" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/8/schedule/2/paragraph/14/1/b/3">Sch. 2 para. 14(1)(b)(3)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="F" class="commentary F" eId="c12510481" marker="F5">
<p>
Words in
<ref eId="c00900" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1994/22/section/48/4">s. 48(4)</ref>
substituted (1.4.1996) by
<ref eId="c00901" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1995/40">1995 c. 40</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00902" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1995/40/section/5">ss. 5</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00903" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1995/40/section/7/2">7(2)</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00904" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1995/40/schedule/4/paragraph/90/4">Sch. 4 para. 90(4)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="F" class="commentary F" eId="c12510511" marker="F6">
<p>
Words in
<ref eId="c00905" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1994/22/section/51/1">s. 51(1)</ref>
substituted (1.4.1998) by
<ref eId="c00906" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1997/16">1997 c. 16</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00907" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1997/16/section/18">s. 18</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00908" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1997/16/schedule/3/paragraph/7/2">Sch. 3 para. 7(2)</ref>
;
<ref eId="c00909" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1998/560">S.I. 1998/560</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00910" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1998/560/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="F" class="commentary F" eId="c12510541" marker="F7">
<p>
<ref eId="c00919" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1994/22/section/51A">S. 51A</ref>
inserted (29.4.1996) by
<ref eId="c00920" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/8">1996 c. 8</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00921" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/8/section/23">s. 23</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00922" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/8/schedule/2/paragraph/13">Sch. 2 para. 13</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="F" class="commentary F" eId="c12510711" marker="F8">
<p>
<rref eId="c00923" class="subref" from="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1994/22/section/52/3" upTo="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1994/22/section/52/6">S. 52(3)-(6)</rref>
substituted (31.1.1997) for s. 52(3)-(5) by
<ref eId="c00924" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1995/38">1995 c. 38</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00925" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1995/38/section/15/1">s. 15(1)</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00926" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1995/38/schedule/1/paragraph/19">Sch. 1 para. 19</ref>
(with
<ref eId="c00927" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1995/38/section/1/3">ss. 1(3)</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00928" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1995/38/section/6/4/5">6(4)(5)</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00929" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1995/38/section/14">14</ref>
);
<ref eId="c00930" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1996/3217">S.I. 1996/3217</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00931" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1996/3217/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="F" class="commentary F" eId="c12510731" marker="F9">
<p>
<ref eId="c00932" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1994/22/section/52/5">S. 52(5)</ref>
repealed (6.9.1999) by
<ref eId="c00933" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1997/2983">S.I. 1997/2983 (N.I. 21)</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00934" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1997/2983/article/13/2">art. 13(2)</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00935" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1997/2983/schedule/2">Sch. 2</ref>
(with
<ref eId="c00936" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1997/2983/article/12">art. 12</ref>
);
<ref eId="c00937" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/1999/339">S.R. 1999/339</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00938" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/1999/339/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="F" class="commentary F" eId="c12510751" marker="F10">
<p>
Words in
<ref eId="c00939" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1994/22/section/52/6">s. 52(6)</ref>
repealed (6.9.1999) by
<ref eId="c00940" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1997/2983">S.I. 1997/2983 (N.I. 21)</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00941" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1997/2983/article/13/2">art. 13(2)</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00942" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1997/2983/schedule/2">Sch. 2</ref>
(with
<ref eId="c00943" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1997/2983/article/12">art. 12</ref>
);
<ref eId="c00944" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/1999/339">S.R. 1999/339</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00945" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisr/1999/339/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="F" class="commentary F" eId="c18044061" marker="F11">
<p>
Word in
<ref eId="c00946" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1994/22/section/53">s. 53</ref>
inserted (19.12.2003) by
<ref eId="c00947" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/23">Finance Act 2002 (c. 23)</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00948" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/23/section/19">s. 19</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00949" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/23/schedule/5/paragraph/14">Sch. 5 para. 14</ref>
;
<ref eId="c00950" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/3086">S.I. 2003/3086</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00951" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/3086/article/2/a">art. 2(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="F" class="commentary F" eId="c18045381" marker="F12">
<p>
Words in
<ref eId="c00952" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1994/22/section/54">s. 54</ref>
inserted (19.12.2003) by
<ref eId="c00953" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/23">Finance Act 2002 (c. 23)</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00954" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/23/section/19">s. 19</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00955" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2002/23/schedule/5/paragraph/15">Sch. 5 para. 15</ref>
;
<ref eId="c00956" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/3086">S.I. 2003/3086</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00957" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2003/3086/article/2/a">art. 2(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="F" class="commentary F" eId="c12510861" marker="F13">
<p>
Words in
<ref eId="c00958" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1994/22/section/55/1">s. 55(1)</ref>
substituted (1.9.1998) by
<ref eId="c00959" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1998/15">1998 c. 15</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00960" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1998/15/section/4/2/c">s. 4(2)(c)</ref>
;
<ref eId="c00961" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1998/1837">S.I. 1998/1837</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00962" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1998/1837/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="F" class="commentary F" eId="c12510891" marker="F14">
<p>
Words in
<ref eId="c00965" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1994/22/section/55/1">s. 55(1)</ref>
substituted (29.4.1996 with effect as mentioned in
<ref eId="c00966" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/8/schedule/2/paragraph/14/3">Sch. 2 para. 14(3)</ref>
of the amending Act) for s. 55(1)(a)(b) by
<ref eId="c00967" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/8">1996 c. 8</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00968" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/8/section/23">s. 23</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00969" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1996/8/schedule/2/paragraph/14/2/3">Sch. 2 para. 14(2)(3)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="F" class="commentary F" eId="c12510901" marker="F15">
<p>
Words in
<ref eId="c00977" class="subref" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1994/22/section/55/5/a">s. 55(5)(a)</ref>
substituted (1.9.1998) by
<ref eId="c00978" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1998/15">1998 c. 15</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00979" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1998/15/section/4/1/b">s. 4(1)(b)</ref>
;
<ref eId="c00980" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1998/1837">S.I. 1998/1837</ref>
,
<ref eId="c00981" class="subref operative" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/1998/1837/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="M" class="commentary M" eId="c12510441" marker="M1">
<p>
<ref eId="c00888" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1979/2">1979 c. 2</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="M" class="commentary M" eId="c12510521" marker="M2">
<p>
<ref eId="c03173" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1980/43">1980 c. 43</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="M" class="commentary M" eId="c12510531" marker="M3">
<p>
<ref eId="c00918" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1981/1675">S.I.1981/1675 (N.I.26)</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="M" class="commentary M" eId="c12510871" marker="M4">
<p>
<ref eId="c00963" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1980/43">1980 c. 43</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="M" class="commentary M" eId="c12510881" marker="M5">
<p>
<ref eId="c00964" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1981/1675">S.I. 1981/1675 (N.I.26)</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="M" class="commentary M" eId="c12510911" marker="M6">
<p>
<ref eId="c00982" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1980/43">1980 c. 43</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="M" class="commentary M" eId="c12510921" marker="M7">
<p>
<ref eId="c00983" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nisi/1981/1675">S.I. 1981/1675 (N.I.26)</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note ukl:Name="Commentary" ukl:Type="M" class="commentary M" eId="c12510931" marker="M8">
<p>
<ref eId="c00984" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1979/2">1979 c. 2</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
</notes>
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<dc:title>Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994</dc:title>
<dc:description>An Act to consolidate the enactments relating to vehicle excise duty and the registration of vehicles.</dc:description>
<dc:date>1994-07-05</dc:date>
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<dc:language>en</dc:language>
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<body eId="body">
<part eId="part-IV" uk:target="true">
<num>Part IV</num>
<heading> Legal proceedings</heading>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-IV-crossheading-institution-and-conduct-of-proceedings">
<heading> Institution and conduct of proceedings</heading>
<section eId="section-47">
<num>47</num>
<heading> Proceedings in England and Wales or Northern Ireland.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-47-1">
<num>(1)</num>
<content>
<p>
No proceedings for an offence under section 29,
<ins class="first last" ukl:ChangeId="d29p6872" ukl:CommentaryRef="c18043441">
<noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#c18043441" class="commentary"/>
31A,
</ins>
34
<ins class="first last" ukl:ChangeId="d29p6876" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510421">
<noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#c12510421" class="commentary"/>
,35A
</ins>
or 37 shall be instituted in England and Wales or Northern Ireland except by the Secretary of State or a constable; and no such proceedings shall be instituted there by a constable except with the approval of the Secretary of State.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-47-2">
<num>(2)</num>
<intro>
<p>Proceedings for an offence under—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-47-2-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>
section 29,
<ins class="first last" ukl:ChangeId="d29p6892" ukl:CommentaryRef="c18043441">
<noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#c18043441" class="commentary"/>
31A,
</ins>
34
<ins class="first last" ukl:ChangeId="d29p6896" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510421">
<noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#c12510421" class="commentary"/>
,35A
</ins>
or 37, or
</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-47-2-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<content>
<p>regulations under this Act,</p>
</content>
</level>
<wrapUp>
<p>may be commenced in England or Wales or Northern Ireland by the Secretary of State or a constable at any time within six months from the date on which evidence sufficient in his opinion to justify the proceedings came to his knowledge.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-47-3">
<num>(3)</num>
<content>
<p>No proceedings for any offence may be commenced by virtue of subsection (2) more than three years after the commission of the offence.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-47-4">
<num>(4)</num>
<intro>
<p>A certificate—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-47-4-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>stating that the Secretary of State’s approval is given for the institution by a constable of any proceedings specified in the certificate, and</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-47-4-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<content>
<p>signed by or on behalf of the Secretary of State,</p>
</content>
</level>
<wrapUp>
<p>is conclusive evidence of that approval.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-47-5">
<num>(5)</num>
<intro>
<p>A certificate—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-47-5-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>stating the date on which evidence such as is mentioned in subsection (2) came to the knowledge of the Secretary of State or a constable, and</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-47-5-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<content>
<p>signed by or on behalf of the Secretary of State or constable,</p>
</content>
</level>
<wrapUp>
<p>is conclusive evidence of that date.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-47-6">
<num>(6)</num>
<intro>
<p>A certificate—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-47-6-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>including a statement such as is mentioned in paragraph (a) of subsection (4) or (5), and</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-47-6-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<content>
<p>purporting to be signed as mentioned in paragraph (b) of the subsection concerned,</p>
</content>
</level>
<wrapUp>
<p>is to be deemed to be so signed unless the contrary is proved.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-47-7">
<num>(7)</num>
<intro>
<p>
The following provisions of the
<noteRef href="#c12510441" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>
Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 do not apply to proceedings in England and Wales or Northern Ireland for any offence under this Act—
</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-47-7-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>section 145 (which would require such proceedings to be instituted by order of the Secretary of State and certain such proceedings to be commenced in the name of an officer of his), and</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-47-7-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<content>
<p>section 146A (which would impose time-limits for bringing such proceedings).</p>
</content>
</level>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-48">
<num>48</num>
<heading> Proceedings in Scotland.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-48-1">
<num>(1)</num>
<content>
<p>Summary proceedings for an offence under this Act, except under section 44 or 45, may be instituted in Scotland by the Secretary of State.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-48-2">
<num>(2)</num>
<content>
<p>The Secretary of State may (despite the provisions of any enactment) institute proceedings by virtue of subsection (1) in any court of summary jurisdiction in Scotland.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-48-3">
<num>(3)</num>
<intro>
<p>Summary proceedings in Scotland in respect of any offence under—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-48-3-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>
section 29,
<ins class="first last" ukl:ChangeId="d29p7026" ukl:CommentaryRef="c18043481">
<noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#c18043481" class="commentary"/>
31A,
</ins>
34
<ins class="first last" ukl:ChangeId="d29p7030" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510471">
<noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#c12510471" class="commentary"/>
,35A
</ins>
37, 44 or 45, or
</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-48-3-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<content>
<p>regulations under this Act,</p>
</content>
</level>
<wrapUp>
<p>may not be commenced more than three years after the commission of the offence.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-48-4">
<num>(4)</num>
<intro>
<p>
Subject to that (and despite anything in
<ins class="first last" ukl:ChangeId="d29p7048" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510481">
<noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#c12510481" class="commentary"/>
section 136 of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995
</ins>
(limitation of time for proceedings in statutory offences)), any such proceedings may be commenced—
</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-48-4-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>in the case of proceedings instituted by the procurator fiscal as a result of information supplied to him by the Secretary of State, at any time within six months from the date on which the information came to the knowledge of the Secretary of State, and</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-48-4-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<content>
<p>in any other case, at any time within six months from the date on which evidence sufficient in the opinion of the person instituting the proceedings to justify the proceedings came to his knowledge;</p>
</content>
</level>
<wrapUp>
<p>and subsection (3) of that section applies for the purposes of this subsection as it applies for the purposes of that section.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-48-5">
<num>(5)</num>
<intro>
<p>A certificate—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-48-5-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>stating the date on which information such as is mentioned in subsection (4)(a) came to the knowledge of the Secretary of State, and</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-48-5-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<content>
<p>signed by or on behalf of the Secretary of State,</p>
</content>
</level>
<wrapUp>
<p>is conclusive evidence of that date.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-48-6">
<num>(6)</num>
<intro>
<p>A certificate—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-48-6-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>stating the date on which evidence such as is mentioned in subsection (4)(b) came to the knowledge of the person instituting the proceedings, and</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-48-6-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<content>
<p>signed by or on behalf of that person,</p>
</content>
</level>
<wrapUp>
<p>is conclusive evidence of that date.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-48-7">
<num>(7)</num>
<intro>
<p>A certificate—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-48-7-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>including a statement such as is mentioned in paragraph (a) of subsection (5) or (6), and</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-48-7-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<content>
<p>purporting to be signed as mentioned in paragraph (b) of the subsection concerned,</p>
</content>
</level>
<wrapUp>
<p>is to be deemed to be so signed unless the contrary is proved.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-49">
<num>49</num>
<heading> Authorised persons.</heading>
<intro>
<p>A person authorised by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this section may on behalf of the Secretary of State conduct and appear in any proceedings by or against the Secretary of State under this Act—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-49-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>in England and Wales, in a magistrates’ court or before a district judge of a county court,</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-49-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<content>
<p>in Scotland, in any court other than the High Court of Justiciary or the Court of Session, and</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-49-c">
<num>(c)</num>
<content>
<p>in Northern Ireland, in a court of summary jurisdiction or before a county court.</p>
</content>
</level>
</section>
<section eId="section-50">
<num>50</num>
<heading> Time-limit for recovery of underpayments and overpayments.</heading>
<intro>
<p>No proceedings shall be brought—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-50-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>by the Secretary of State for the recovery of any underpayment of duty on a vehicle licence, or</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-50-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<content>
<p>by any person for the recovery of any overpayment of duty on a vehicle licence taken out by him,</p>
</content>
</level>
<wrapUp>
<p>after the end of the period of twelve months beginning with the end of the period in respect of which the licence was taken out.</p>
</wrapUp>
</section>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-IV-crossheading-evidence">
<heading> Evidence</heading>
<section eId="section-51">
<num>51</num>
<heading> Admissions.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-51-1">
<num>(1)</num>
<intro>
<p>
This section applies where in any proceedings in England and Wales or Northern Ireland for an offence under section 29
<ins class="first last" ukl:ChangeId="d29p77040" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510511">
<noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#c12510511" class="commentary"/>
, 34 or 43A
</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-51-1-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<intro>
<p>it is appropriately proved that there has been served on the accused by post a requirement under section 46(1) or (2) to give information as to the identity of—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para2" eId="section-51-1-a-i">
<num>(i)</num>
<content>
<p>the driver of, or a person who used, a particular vehicle, or</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para2" eId="section-51-1-a-ii">
<num>(ii)</num>
<content>
<p>the person who kept a particular vehicle on a road,</p>
</content>
</level>
<wrapUp>
<p>on the particular occasion on which the offence is alleged to have been committed, and</p>
</wrapUp>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-51-1-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<intro>
<p>a statement in writing is produced to the court purporting to be signed by the accused that he was—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para2" eId="section-51-1-b-i">
<num>(i)</num>
<content>
<p>the driver of, or a person who used, that vehicle, or</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para2" eId="section-51-1-b-ii">
<num>(ii)</num>
<content>
<p>the person who kept that vehicle on a road,</p>
</content>
</level>
<wrapUp>
<p>on that occasion.</p>
</wrapUp>
</level>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-51-2">
<num>(2)</num>
<intro>
<p>Where this section applies, the court may accept the statement as evidence that the accused was—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-51-2-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>the driver of, or a person who used, that vehicle, or</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-51-2-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<content>
<p>the person who kept that vehicle on a road,</p>
</content>
</level>
<wrapUp>
<p>on that occasion.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-51-3">
<num>(3)</num>
<intro>
<p>
In subsection (1) “
<term refersTo="#term-appropriately-proved" eId="term-appropriately-proved">appropriately proved</term>
” means proved to the satisfaction of the court—
</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-51-3-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>on oath, or</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-51-3-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<intro>
<p>in the manner prescribed—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para2" eId="section-51-3-b-i">
<num>(i)</num>
<content>
<p>
in England and Wales, by rules under section 144 of the
<noteRef href="#c12510521" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>
Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980, or
</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para2" eId="section-51-3-b-ii">
<num>(ii)</num>
<content>
<p>
in Northern Ireland, by magistrates’ courts rules, as defined by Article 2(3) of the
<noteRef href="#c12510531" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>
Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981.
</p>
</content>
</level>
</level>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-51A">
<num>
<ins class="first" ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">
<noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#c12510541" class="commentary"/>
51A
</ins>
</num>
<heading>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541"> Admissions: offences under regulations.</ins>
</heading>
<subsection eId="section-51A-1">
<num>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">(1)</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">Subsection (2) applies in relation to any proceedings in England, Wales or Northern Ireland against a person for an offence on the grounds that—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-51A-1-a">
<num>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">(a)</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">a vehicle has been sold or disposed of by, through or to him and he has failed to furnish particulars prescribed by regulations made by virtue of section 22(1)(d);</ins>
</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-51A-1-b">
<num>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">(b)</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">a vehicle has been sold or disposed of by or through him and he has failed to furnish a document prescribed by regulations made by virtue of section 22(1)(dd); or</ins>
</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-51A-1-c">
<num>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">(c)</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">he has surrendered, or not renewed, a vehicle licence, or is keeping an unlicensed vehicle, and has failed to furnish any particulars or make a declaration prescribed by regulations made by virtue of section 22(1D).</ins>
</p>
</content>
</level>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-51A-2">
<num>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">(2)</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">If—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-51A-2-a">
<num>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">(a)</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">it is appropriately proved that there has been served on the accused by post a requirement under section 46A to give information as to the identity of the person keeping the vehicle at a particular time, and</ins>
</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-51A-2-b">
<num>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">(b)</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">a statement in writing is produced to the court purporting to be signed by the accused that he was keeping the vehicle at that time,</ins>
</p>
</content>
</level>
<wrapUp>
<p>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">the court may accept the statement as evidence that the accused was keeping the vehicle at that time.</ins>
</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-51A-3">
<num>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">(3)</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">In subsection (2) “</ins>
<term refersTo="#term-appropriately-proved" eId="term-appropriately-proved">
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">appropriately proved</ins>
</term>
<ins class="last" ukl:ChangeId="d29p7301" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510541">” has the same meaning as in section 51.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-52">
<num>52</num>
<heading> Records.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-52-1">
<num>(1)</num>
<content>
<p>A statement to which this section applies is admissible in any proceedings as evidence (or, in Scotland, sufficient evidence) of any fact stated in it with respect to matters prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State to the same extent as oral evidence of that fact is admissible in the proceedings.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-52-2">
<num>(2)</num>
<intro>
<p>This section applies to a statement contained in a document purporting to be—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-52-2-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>a part of the records maintained by the Secretary of State in connection with any functions exercisable by him under or by virtue of this Act,</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-52-2-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<content>
<p>a copy of a document forming part of those records, or</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-52-2-c">
<num>(c)</num>
<content>
<p>a note of any information contained in those records,</p>
</content>
</level>
<wrapUp>
<p>and to be authenticated by a person authorised to do so by the Secretary of State.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-52-3">
<num>
<ins class="first" ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">
<noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#c12510711" class="commentary"/>
(3)
</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">In this section as it has effect in England and Wales—</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<hcontainer name="definition">
<content>
<p>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711"></ins>
<term refersTo="#term-document" eId="term-document">
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">document</ins>
</term>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">” means anything in which information of any description is recorded;</ins>
</p>
</content>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="definition">
<content>
<p>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711"></ins>
<term refersTo="#term-copy" eId="term-copy">
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">copy</ins>
</term>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">”, in relation to a document, means anything onto which information recorded in the document has been copied, by whatever means and whether directly or indirectly; and</ins>
</p>
</content>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="definition">
<content>
<p>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711"></ins>
<term refersTo="#term-statement" eId="term-statement">
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">statement</ins>
</term>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">” means any representation of fact, however made.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</hcontainer>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-52-4">
<num>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">
<noteRef href="#c12510711" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>
(4)
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">In this section as it has effect in Scotland, “</ins>
<term refersTo="#term-document" eId="term-document">
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">document</ins>
</term>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">” and “</ins>
<term refersTo="#term-statement" eId="term-statement">
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">statement</ins>
</term>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">” have the same meanings as in section 17(3) of the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1968, and the reference to a copy of a document shall be construed in accordance with section 17(4) of that Act.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-52-5">
<num>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">
<noteRef href="#c12510731" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>
(5)
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-52-6">
<num>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">
<noteRef href="#c12510711" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>
(6)
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">Nothing in subsection (4) </ins>
<ins class="last" ukl:ChangeId="d29p7402" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510711">
<noteRef href="#c12510751" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>
. . .limits to civil proceedings the references to proceedings in subsection (1).
</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-53">
<num>53</num>
<heading> Burden of proof.</heading>
<intro>
<p>
Where in any proceedings for an offence under section 29,
<ins class="first last" ukl:ChangeId="d29p7471" ukl:CommentaryRef="c18044061">
<noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#c18044061" class="commentary"/>
31A,
</ins>
34, 37 or 45 any question arises as to—
</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-53-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>the number of vehicles used,</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-53-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<content>
<p>the character, weight or cylinder capacity of a vehicle,</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-53-c">
<num>(c)</num>
<content>
<p>the seating capacity of a vehicle, or</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-53-d">
<num>(d)</num>
<content>
<p>the purpose for which a vehicle has been used,</p>
</content>
</level>
<wrapUp>
<p>the burden of proof in respect of the matter lies on the accused.</p>
</wrapUp>
</section>
<section eId="section-54">
<num>54</num>
<heading> Single witness sufficient in certain Scottish proceedings.</heading>
<content>
<p>
In any proceedings in Scotland for an offence under section 29
<ins class="first last" ukl:ChangeId="d29p7511" ukl:CommentaryRef="c18045381">
<noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#c18045381" class="commentary"/>
, 31A
</ins>
or 33 the accused may be convicted on the evidence of one witness.
</p>
</content>
</section>
<section eId="section-55">
<num>55</num>
<heading> Guilty plea by absent accused.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-55-1">
<num>(1)</num>
<content>
<p>
This section applies where, under section
<ins class="first last" ukl:ChangeId="d29p77801" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510861">
<noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#c12510861" class="commentary"/>
12(5)
</ins>
of the
<noteRef href="#c12510871" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>
Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 or Article 24(2) of the
<noteRef href="#c12510881" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>
Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981, a person is convicted in his absence of
<ins class="first last" ukl:ChangeId="d29p77809" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510891">
<noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#c12510891" class="commentary"/>
an offence under section 29 or 35A
</ins>
and it is appropriately proved that a relevant notice was served on the accused with a summons
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-55-2">
<num>(2)</num>
<intro>
<p>
In subsection (1) “
<term refersTo="#term-appropriately-proved" eId="term-appropriately-proved">appropriately proved</term>
” means—
</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-55-2-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<intro>
<p>in England and Wales, proved to the satisfaction of the court—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para2" eId="section-55-2-a-i">
<num>(i)</num>
<content>
<p>on oath, or</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para2" eId="section-55-2-a-ii">
<num>(ii)</num>
<content>
<p>in the manner prescribed by rules under section 144 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980, and</p>
</content>
</level>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-55-2-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<intro>
<p>in Northern Ireland, proved to the satisfaction of the court—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para2" eId="section-55-2-b-i">
<num>(i)</num>
<content>
<p>on oath,</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para2" eId="section-55-2-b-ii">
<num>(ii)</num>
<content>
<p>by affidavit, or</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para2" eId="section-55-2-b-iii">
<num>(iii)</num>
<content>
<p>in the manner prescribed by magistrates’ courts rules, as defined by Article 2(3) of the Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981.</p>
</content>
</level>
</level>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-55-3">
<num>(3)</num>
<intro>
<p>
In this section “
<term refersTo="#term-relevant-notice" eId="term-relevant-notice">relevant notice</term>
”, in relation to an accused, means a notice stating that, in the event of his being convicted of the offence, it will be alleged that an order requiring him to pay an amount specified in the notice falls to be made by the court—
</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-55-3-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>in a case within subsection (1)(a), under section 30, or</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-55-3-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<content>
<p>in a case within subsection (1)(b), under section 36.</p>
</content>
</level>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-55-4">
<num>(4)</num>
<content>
<p>Where this section applies, the court shall proceed under section 30, or section 36, as if the amount specified in the relevant notice were the amount calculated in accordance with that section.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-55-5">
<num>(5)</num>
<intro>
<p>The court shall not so proceed if it is stated in the notification purporting to be given by or on behalf of the accused under—</p>
</intro>
<level class="para1" eId="section-55-5-a">
<num>(a)</num>
<content>
<p>
section
<ins class="first last" ukl:ChangeId="d29p77903" ukl:CommentaryRef="c12510901">
<noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#c12510901" class="commentary"/>
12(4)
</ins>
of the
<noteRef href="#c12510911" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>
Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980, or
</p>
</content>
</level>
<level class="para1" eId="section-55-5-b">
<num>(b)</num>
<content>
<p>
Article 24(2) of the
<noteRef href="#c12510921" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>
Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981,
</p>
</content>
</level>
<wrapUp>
<p>that the amount specified in the relevant notice is inappropriate.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
</section>
</hcontainer>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-IV-crossheading-penalties-etc">
<heading>
Penalties
<abbr title="et cetera" xml:lang="la">etc.</abbr>
</heading>
<section eId="section-56">
<num>56</num>
<heading> Penalties and fines.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-56-1">
<num>(1)</num>
<content>
<p>Any penalty recovered under or by virtue of this Act shall be paid into the Consolidated Fund.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-56-2">
<num>(2)</num>
<content>
<p>
Section 151 of the
<noteRef href="#c12510931" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>
Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 (application of penalties) does not apply to penalties recovered under or by virtue of this Act.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-56-3">
<num>(3)</num>
<content>
<p>Any fine imposed under or by virtue of this Act which (apart from this subsection) would not be paid into the Consolidated Fund shall be so paid.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
</hcontainer>
</part>
</body>
</act>
</akomaNtoso>