http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/part/II/chapter/I/2006-07-24Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999An Act to provide for the referral of offenders under 18 to youth offender panels; to make provision in connection with the giving of evidence or information for the purposes of criminal proceedings; to amend section 51 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994; to make pre-consolidation amendments relating to youth justice; and for connected purposes.1999-08-06texttext/xmlenStatute Law Database2024-05-17Expert Participation2006-07-24 Part II Giving of evidence or information for purposes of criminal proceedingsChapter I Special measures directions in case of vulnerable and intimidated witnesses Preliminary Witnesses eligible for assistance on grounds of age or incapacity.161For the purposes of this Chapter a witness in criminal proceedings (other than the accused) is eligible for assistance by virtue of this section—aif under the age of 17 at the time of the hearing; orbif the court considers that the quality of evidence given by the witness is likely to be diminished by reason of any circumstances falling within subsection (2).2The circumstances falling within this subsection are—athat the witness—isuffers from mental disorder within the meaning of the Mental Health Act 1983, oriiotherwise has a significant impairment of intelligence and social functioning;bthat the witness has a physical disability or is suffering from a physical disorder.3In subsection (1)(a) “the time of the hearing”, in relation to a witness, means the time when it falls to the court to make a determination for the purposes of section 19(2) in relation to the witness.4In determining whether a witness falls within subsection (1)(b) the court must consider any views expressed by the witness.5In this Chapter references to the quality of a witness’s evidence are to its quality in terms of completeness, coherence and accuracy; and for this purpose “coherence” refers to a witness’s ability in giving evidence to give answers which address the questions put to the witness and can be understood both individually and collectively. Witnesses eligible for assistance on grounds of fear or distress about testifying.171For the purposes of this Chapter a witness in criminal proceedings (other than the accused) is eligible for assistance by virtue of this subsection if the court is satisfied that the quality of evidence given by the witness is likely to be diminished by reason of fear or distress on the part of the witness in connection with testifying in the proceedings.2In determining whether a witness falls within subsection (1) the court must take into account, in particular—athe nature and alleged circumstances of the offence to which the proceedings relate;bthe age of the witness;csuch of the following matters as appear to the court to be relevant, namely—ithe social and cultural background and ethnic origins of the witness,iithe domestic and employment circumstances of the witness, andiiiany religious beliefs or political opinions of the witness;dany behaviour towards the witness on the part of—ithe accused,iimembers of the family or associates of the accused, oriiiany other person who is likely to be an accused or a witness in the proceedings.3In determining that question the court must in addition consider any views expressed by the witness.4Where the complainant in respect of a sexual offence is a witness in proceedings relating to that offence (or to that offence and any other offences), the witness is eligible for assistance in relation to those proceedings by virtue of this subsection unless the witness has informed the court of the witness’ wish not to be so eligible by virtue of this subsection. Special measures available to eligible witnesses.181For the purposes of this Chapter—athe provision which may be made by a special measures direction by virtue of each of sections 23 to 30 is a special measure available in relation to a witness eligible for assistance by virtue of section 16; andbthe provision which may be made by such a direction by virtue of each of sections 23 to 28 is a special measure available in relation to a witness eligible for assistance by virtue of section 17;but this subsection has effect subject to subsection (2).2Where (apart from this subsection) a special measure would, in accordance with subsection (1)(a) or (b), be available in relation to a witness in any proceedings, it shall not be taken by a court to be available in relation to the witness unless—athe court has been notified by the Secretary of State that relevant arrangements may be made available in the area in which it appears to the court that the proceedings will take place, andbthe notice has not been withdrawn.3In subsection (2) “relevant arrangements” means arrangements for implementing the measure in question which cover the witness and the proceedings in question.4The withdrawal of a notice under that subsection relating to a special measure shall not affect the availability of that measure in relation to a witness if a special measures direction providing for that measure to apply to the witness’s evidence has been made by the court before the notice is withdrawn.5The Secretary of State may by order make such amendments of this Chapter as he considers appropriate for altering the special measures which, in accordance with subsection (1)(a) or (b), are available in relation to a witness eligible for assistance by virtue of section 16 or (as the case may be) section 17, whether—aby modifying the provisions relating to any measure for the time being available in relation to such a witness,bby the addition—i(with or without modifications) of any measure which is for the time being available in relation to a witness eligible for assistance by virtue of the other of those sections, oriiof any new measure, orcby the removal of any measure. Special measures directions Special measures direction relating to eligible witness.191This section applies where in any criminal proceedings—aa party to the proceedings makes an application for the court to give a direction under this section in relation to a witness in the proceedings other than the accused, orbthe court of its own motion raises the issue whether such a direction should be given.2Where the court determines that the witness is eligible for assistance by virtue of section 16 or 17, the court must then—adetermine whether any of the special measures available in relation to the witness (or any combination of them) would, in its opinion, be likely to improve the quality of evidence given by the witness; andbif so—idetermine which of those measures (or combination of them) would, in its opinion, be likely to maximise so far as practicable the quality of such evidence; andiigive a direction under this section providing for the measure or measures so determined to apply to evidence given by the witness.3In determining for the purposes of this Chapter whether any special measure or measures would or would not be likely to improve, or to maximise so far as practicable, the quality of evidence given by the witness, the court must consider all the circumstances of the case, including in particular—aany views expressed by the witness; andbwhether the measure or measures might tend to inhibit such evidence being effectively tested by a party to the proceedings.4A special measures direction must specify particulars of the provision made by the direction in respect of each special measure which is to apply to the witness’s evidence.5In this Chapter “special measures direction” means a direction under this section.6Nothing in this Chapter is to be regarded as affecting any power of a court to make an order or give leave of any description (in the exercise of its inherent jurisdiction or otherwise)—ain relation to a witness who is not an eligible witness, orbin relation to an eligible witness where (as, for example, in a case where a foreign language interpreter is to be provided) the order is made or the leave is given otherwise than by reason of the fact that the witness is an eligible witness. Further provisions about directions: general.201Subject to subsection (221.) and section 21(8), a special measures direction has binding effect from the time it is made until the proceedings for the purposes of which it is made are either—adetermined (by acquittal, conviction or otherwise), orbabandoned,in relation to the accused or (if there is more than one) in relation to each of the accused.2The court may discharge or vary (or further vary) a special measures direction if it appears to the court to be in the interests of justice to do so, and may do so either—aon an application made by a party to the proceedings, if there has been a material change of circumstances since the relevant time, orbof its own motion.3In subsection (2) “the relevant time” means—athe time when the direction was given, orbif a previous application has been made under that subsection, the time when the application (or last application) was made.4Nothing in section 24(2) and (3), 27(4) to (7) or 28(4) to (6) is to be regarded as affecting the power of the court to vary or discharge a special measures direction under subsection (2).5The court must state in open court its reasons for—agiving or varying,brefusing an application for, or for the variation or discharge of, orcdischarging,a special measures direction and, if it is a magistrates’ court, must cause them to be entered in the register of its proceedings.6 Criminal Procedure Rules may make provision—afor uncontested applications to be determined by the court without a hearing;bfor preventing the renewal of an unsuccessful application for a special measures direction except where there has been a material change of circumstances;cfor expert evidence to be given in connection with an application for, or for varying or discharging, such a direction;dfor the manner in which confidential or sensitive information is to be treated in connection with such an application and in particular as to its being disclosed to, or withheld from, a party to the proceedings. Special provisions relating to child witnesses.211For the purposes of this section—aa witness in criminal proceedings is a “child witness” if he is an eligible witness by reason of section 16(1)(a) (whether or not he is an eligible witness by reason of any other provision of section 16 or 17);ba child witness is “in need of special protection” if the offence (or any of the offences) to which the proceedings relate is—ian offence falling within section 35(3)(a) (sexual offences etc.), oriian offence falling within section 35(3)(b), (c) or (d) (kidnapping, assaults etc.); andca “relevant recording”, in relation to a child witness, is a video recording of an interview of the witness made with a view to its admission as evidence in chief of the witness.2Where the court, in making a determination for the purposes of section 19(2), determines that a witness in criminal proceedings is a child witness, the court must—afirst have regard to subsections (3) to (7) below; andbthen have regard to section 19(2);and for the purposes of section 19(2), as it then applies to the witness, any special measures required to be applied in relation to him by virtue of this section shall be treated as if they were measures determined by the court, pursuant to section 19(2)(a) and (b)(i), to be ones that (whether on their own or with any other special measures) would be likely to maximise, so far as practicable, the quality of his evidence.3The primary rule in the case of a child witness is that the court must give a special measures direction in relation to the witness which complies with the following requirements—ait must provide for any relevant recording to be admitted under section 27 (video recorded evidence in chief); andbit must provide for any evidence given by the witness in the proceedings which is not given by means of a video recording (whether in chief or otherwise) to be given by means of a live link in accordance with section 24.4The primary rule is subject to the following limitations—athe requirement contained in subsection (3)(a) or (b) has effect subject to the availability (within the meaning of section 18(2)) of the special measure in question in relation to the witness;bthe requirement contained in subsection (3)(a) also has effect subject to section 27(2); andcthe rule does not apply to the extent that the court is satisfied that compliance with it would not be likely to maximise the quality of the witness’s evidence so far as practicable (whether because the application to that evidence of one or more other special measures available in relation to the witness would have that result or for any other reason).5However, subsection (4)(c) does not apply in relation to a child witness in need of special protection.6Where a child witness is in need of special protection by virtue of subsection (1)(b)(i), any special measures direction given by the court which complies with the requirement contained in subsection (3)(a) must in addition provide for the special measure available under section 28 (video recorded cross-examination or re-examination) to apply in relation to—aany cross-examination of the witness otherwise than by the accused in person, andbany subsequent re-examination.7The requirement contained in subsection (6) has effect subject to the following limitations—ait has effect subject to the availability (within the meaning of section 18(2)) of that special measure in relation to the witness; andbit does not apply if the witness has informed the court that he does not want that special measure to apply in relation to him.8Where a special measures direction is given in relation to a child witness who is an eligible witness by reason only of section 16(1)(a), then—asubject to subsection (9) below, andbexcept where the witness has already begun to give evidence in the proceedings,the direction shall cease to have effect at the time when the witness attains the age of 17.9Where a special measures direction is given in relation to a child witness who is an eligible witness by reason only of section 16(1)(a) and—athe direction provides—ifor any relevant recording to be admitted under section 27 as evidence in chief of the witness, oriifor the special measure available under section 28 to apply in relation to the witness, andbif it provides for that special measure to so apply, the witness is still under the age of 17 when the video recording is made for the purposes of section 28,then, so far as it provides as mentioned in paragraph (a)(i) or (ii) above, the direction shall continue to have effect in accordance with section 20(1) even though the witness subsequently attains that age. Extension of provisions of section 21 to certain witnesses over 17.221For the purposes of this section—aa witness in criminal proceedings (other than the accused) is a “qualifying witness” if he—iis not an eligible witness at the time of the hearing (as defined by section 16(3)), butiiwas under the age of 17 when a relevant recording was made;ba qualifying witness is “in need of special protection” if the offence (or any of the offences) to which the proceedings relate is—ian offence falling within section 35(3)(a) (sexual offences etc.), oriian offence falling within section 35(3)(b), (c) or (d) (kidnapping, assaults etc.); andca “relevant recording”, in relation to a witness, is a video recording of an interview of the witness made with a view to its admission as evidence in chief of the witness.2Subsections (2) to (7) of section 21 shall apply as follows in relation to a qualifying witness—asubsections (2) to (4), so far as relating to the giving of a direction complying with the requirement contained in subsection (3)(a), shall apply to a qualifying witness in respect of the relevant recording as they apply to a child witness (within the meaning of that section);bsubsection (5), so far as relating to the giving of such a direction, shall apply to a qualifying witness in need of special protection as it applies to a child witness in need of special protection (within the meaning of that section); andcsubsections (6) and (7) shall apply to a qualifying witness in need of special protection by virtue of subsection (1)(b)(i) above as they apply to such a child witness as is mentioned in subsection (6). Special measures Screening witness from accused.231A special measures direction may provide for the witness, while giving testimony or being sworn in court, to be prevented by means of a screen or other arrangement from seeing the accused.2But the screen or other arrangement must not prevent the witness from being able to see, and to be seen by—athe judge or justices (or both) and the jury (if there is one);blegal representatives acting in the proceedings; andcany interpreter or other person appointed (in pursuance of the direction or otherwise) to assist the witness.3Where two or more legal representatives are acting for a party to the proceedings, subsection (2)(b) is to be regarded as satisfied in relation to those representatives if the witness is able at all material times to see and be seen by at least one of them. Evidence by live link.241A special measures direction may provide for the witness to give evidence by means of a live link.2Where a direction provides for the witness to give evidence by means of a live link, the witness may not give evidence in any other way without the permission of the court.3The court may give permission for the purposes of subsection (2) if it appears to the court to be in the interests of justice to do so, and may do so either—aon an application by a party to the proceedings, if there has been a material change of circumstances since the relevant time, orbof its own motion.4In subsection (3) “the relevant time” means—athe time when the direction was given, orbif a previous application has been made under that subsection, the time when the application (or last application) was made.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8In this Chapter “live link” means a live television link or other arrangement whereby a witness, while absent from the courtroom or other place where the proceedings are being held, is able to see and hear a person there and to be seen and heard by the persons specified in section 23(2)(a) to (c). Evidence given in private.251A special measures direction may provide for the exclusion from the court, during the giving of the witness’s evidence, of persons of any description specified in the direction.2The persons who may be so excluded do not include—athe accused,blegal representatives acting in the proceedings, orcany interpreter or other person appointed (in pursuance of the direction or otherwise) to assist the witness.3A special measures direction providing for representatives of news gathering or reporting organisations to be so excluded shall be expressed not to apply to one named person who—ais a representative of such an organisation, andbhas been nominated for the purpose by one or more such organisations,unless it appears to the court that no such nomination has been made.4A special measures direction may only provide for the exclusion of persons under this section where—athe proceedings relate to a sexual offence; orbit appears to the court that there are reasonable grounds for believing that any person other than the accused has sought, or will seek, to intimidate the witness in connection with testifying in the proceedings.5Any proceedings from which persons are excluded under this section (whether or not those persons include representatives of news gathering or reporting organisations) shall nevertheless be taken to be held in public for the purposes of any privilege or exemption from liability available in respect of fair, accurate and contemporaneous reports of legal proceedings held in public. Removal of wigs and gowns.26A special measures direction may provide for the wearing of wigs or gowns to be dispensed with during the giving of the witness’s evidence. Video recorded evidence in chief.271A special measures direction may provide for a video recording of an interview of the witness to be admitted as evidence in chief of the witness.2A special measures direction may, however, not provide for a video recording, or a part of such a recording, to be admitted under this section if the court is of the opinion, having regard to all the circumstances of the case, that in the interests of justice the recording, or that part of it, should not be so admitted.3In considering for the purposes of subsection (2) whether any part of a recording should not be admitted under this section, the court must consider whether any prejudice to the accused which might result from that part being so admitted is outweighed by the desirability of showing the whole, or substantially the whole, of the recorded interview.4Where a special measures direction provides for a recording to be admitted under this section, the court may nevertheless subsequently direct that it is not to be so admitted if—ait appears to the court that—ithe witness will not be available for cross-examination (whether conducted in the ordinary way or in accordance with any such direction), andiithe parties to the proceedings have not agreed that there is no need for the witness to be so available; orbany Criminal Procedure Rules requiring disclosure of the circumstances in which the recording was made have not been complied with to the satisfaction of the court.5Where a recording is admitted under this section—athe witness must be called by the party tendering it in evidence, unless—ia special measures direction provides for the witness’s evidence on cross-examination to be given otherwise than by testimony in court, oriithe parties to the proceedings have agreed as mentioned in subsection (4)(a)(ii); andbthe witness may not give evidence in chief otherwise than by means of the recording—ias to any matter which, in the opinion of the court, has been dealt with adequately in the witness’s recorded testimony, oriiwithout the permission of the court, as to any other matter which, in the opinion of the court, is dealt with in that testimony.6Where in accordance with subsection (2) a special measures direction provides for part only of a recording to be admitted under this section, references in subsections (4) and (5) to the recording or to the witness’s recorded testimony are references to the part of the recording or testimony which is to be so admitted.7The court may give permission for the purposes of subsection (5)(b)(ii) if it appears to the court to be in the interests of justice to do so, and may do so either—aon an application by a party to the proceedings, if there has been a material change of circumstances since the relevant time, orbof its own motion.8In subsection (7) “the relevant time” means—athe time when the direction was given, orbif a previous application has been made under that subsection, the time when the application (or last application) was made.9The court may, in giving permission for the purposes of subsection (5)(b)(ii), direct that the evidence in question is to be given by the witness by means of a live link; and, if the court so directs, subsections (5) to (7) of section 24 shall apply in relation to that evidence as they apply in relation to evidence which is to be given in accordance with a special measures direction.10A magistrates’ court inquiring into an offence as examining justices under section 6 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 may consider any video recording in relation to which it is proposed to apply for a special measures direction providing for it to be admitted at the trial in accordance with this section.11Nothing in this section affects the admissibility of any video recording which would be admissible apart from this section. Video recorded cross-examination or re-examination.281Where a special measures direction provides for a video recording to be admitted under section 27 as evidence in chief of the witness, the direction may also provide—afor any cross-examination of the witness, and any re-examination, to be recorded by means of a video recording; andbfor such a recording to be admitted, so far as it relates to any such cross-examination or re-examination, as evidence of the witness under cross-examination or on re-examination, as the case may be.2Such a recording must be made in the presence of such persons as Criminal Procedure Rules or the direction may provide and in the absence of the accused, but in circumstances in which—athe judge or justices (or both) and legal representatives acting in the proceedings are able to see and hear the examination of the witness and to communicate with the persons in whose presence the recording is being made, andbthe accused is able to see and hear any such examination and to communicate with any legal representative acting for him.3Where two or more legal representatives are acting for a party to the proceedings, subsection (2)(a) and (b) are to be regarded as satisfied in relation to those representatives if at all material times they are satisfied in relation to at least one of them.4Where a special measures direction provides for a recording to be admitted under this section, the court may nevertheless subsequently direct that it is not to be so admitted if any requirement of subsection (2) or Criminal Procedure Rules or the direction has not been complied with to the satisfaction of the court.5Where in pursuance of subsection (1) a recording has been made of any examination of the witness, the witness may not be subsequently cross-examined or re-examined in respect of any evidence given by the witness in the proceedings (whether in any recording admissible under section 27 or this section or otherwise than in such a recording) unless the court gives a further special measures direction making such provision as is mentioned in subsection (1)(a) and (b) in relation to any subsequent cross-examination, and re-examination, of the witness.6The court may only give such a further direction if it appears to the court—athat the proposed cross-examination is sought by a party to the proceedings as a result of that party having become aware, since the time when the original recording was made in pursuance of subsection (1), of a matter which that party could not with reasonable diligence have ascertained by then, orbthat for any other reason it is in the interests of justice to give the further direction.7Nothing in this section shall be read as applying in relation to any cross-examination of the witness by the accused in person (in a case where the accused is to be able to conduct any such cross-examination). Examination of witness through intermediary.291A special measures direction may provide for any examination of the witness (however and wherever conducted) to be conducted through an interpreter or other person approved by the court for the purposes of this section (“an intermediary”).2The function of an intermediary is to communicate—ato the witness, questions put to the witness, andbto any person asking such questions, the answers given by the witness in reply to them,and to explain such questions or answers so far as necessary to enable them to be understood by the witness or person in question.3Any examination of the witness in pursuance of subsection (1) must take place in the presence of such persons as Criminal Procedure Rules or the direction may provide, but in circumstances in which—athe judge or justices (or both) and legal representatives acting in the proceedings are able to see and hear the examination of the witness and to communicate with the intermediary, andb(except in the case of a video recorded examination) the jury (if there is one) are able to see and hear the examination of the witness.4Where two or more legal representatives are acting for a party to the proceedings, subsection (3)(a) is to be regarded as satisfied in relation to those representatives if at all material times it is satisfied in relation to at least one of them.5A person may not act as an intermediary in a particular case except after making a declaration, in such form as may be prescribed by Criminal Procedure Rules, that he will faithfully perform his function as intermediary.6Subsection (1) does not apply to an interview of the witness which is recorded by means of a video recording with a view to its admission as evidence in chief of the witness; but a special measures direction may provide for such a recording to be admitted under section 27 if the interview was conducted through an intermediary and—athat person complied with subsection (5) before the interview began, andbthe court’s approval for the purposes of this section is given before the direction is given.7Section 1 of the Perjury Act 1911 (perjury) shall apply in relation to a person acting as an intermediary as it applies in relation to a person lawfully sworn as an interpreter in a judicial proceeding; and for this purpose, where a person acts as an intermediary in any proceeding which is not a judicial proceeding for the purposes of that section, that proceeding shall be taken to be part of the judicial proceeding in which the witness’s evidence is given. Aids to communication.30A special measures direction may provide for the witness, while giving evidence (whether by testimony in court or otherwise), to be provided with such device as the court considers appropriate with a view to enabling questions or answers to be communicated to or by the witness despite any disability or disorder or other impairment which the witness has or suffers from. Supplementary Status of evidence given under Chapter I.311Subsections (2) to (4) apply to a statement made by a witness in criminal proceedings which, in accordance with a special measures direction, is not made by the witness in direct oral testimony in court but forms part of the witness’s evidence in those proceedings.2The statement shall be treated as if made by the witness in direct oral testimony in court; and accordingly—ait is admissible evidence of any fact of which such testimony from the witness would be admissible;bit is not capable of corroborating any other evidence given by the witness.3Subsection (2) applies to a statement admitted under section 27 or 28 which is not made by the witness on oath even though it would have been required to be made on oath if made by the witness in direct oral testimony in court.4In estimating the weight (if any) to be attached to the statement, the court must have regard to all the circumstances from which an inference can reasonably be drawn (as to the accuracy of the statement or otherwise).5Nothing in this Chapter (apart from subsection (3)) affects the operation of any rule of law relating to evidence in criminal proceedings.6Where any statement made by a person on oath in any proceeding which is not a judicial proceeding for the purposes of section 1 of the Perjury Act 1911 (perjury) is received in evidence in pursuance of a special measures direction, that proceeding shall be taken for the purposes of that section to be part of the judicial proceeding in which the statement is so received in evidence.7Where in any proceeding which is not a judicial proceeding for the purposes of that Act—aa person wilfully makes a false statement otherwise than on oath which is subsequently received in evidence in pursuance of a special measures direction, andbthe statement is made in such circumstances that had it been given on oath in any such judicial proceeding that person would have been guilty of perjury,he shall be guilty of an offence and liable to any punishment which might be imposed on conviction of an offence under section 57(2) (giving of false unsworn evidence in criminal proceedings).8In this section “statement” includes any representation of fact, whether made in words or otherwise. Warning to jury.32Where on a trial on indictment with a jury evidence has been given in accordance with a special measures direction, the judge must give the jury such warning (if any) as the judge considers necessary to ensure that the fact that the direction was given in relation to the witness does not prejudice the accused. Interpretation etc. of Chapter I.331In this Chapter—eligible witness” means a witness eligible for assistance by virtue of section 16 or 17;live link” has the meaning given by section 24(8);quality”, in relation to the evidence of a witness, shall be construed in accordance with section 16(5);special measures direction” means (in accordance with section 19(5)) a direction under section 19.2In this Chapter references to the special measures available in relation to a witness shall be construed in accordance with section 18.3In this Chapter references to a person being able to see or hear, or be seen or heard by, another person are to be read as not applying to the extent that either of them is unable to see or hear by reason of any impairment of eyesight or hearing.4In the case of any proceedings in which there is more than one accused—aany reference to the accused in sections 23 to 28 may be taken by a court, in connection with the giving of a special measures direction, as a reference to all or any of the accused, as the court may determine, andbany such direction may be given on the basis of any such determination.S. 16 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 16 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)1983 c. 20. S. 17 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 17 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)S. 18 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 18 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)S. 19 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 19 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)S. 20 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4): s. 20 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)S. 21 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 20 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)S. 22 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 22 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)S. 23 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 23 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)S. 24 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 24 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)S. 25 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 25 jn force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)S. 26 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 26 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)S. 27 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 27 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)1980 c. 43. Pt. 2 Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4)Pt. 2 Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4)1911 c. 6. S. 30 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 30 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)S. 31 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 31 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(b)1911 c. 6. S. 32 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 32 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(b)S. 33 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt.II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 33 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739 {art. 2(b)}Pt. 2 Chs. 1-3 amended (1.9.2001) by 2001 c. 17, s. 57(2) (with ss. 56(2), 63(2), 78); S.I. 2001/2161, art. 2S. 29 in force at 23.2.2004 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2004/299, art. 2Words in s. 20(6) substituted (1.9.2004) by Courts Act 2003 (c. 39), s. 110(1), Sch. 8 para. 384(a); S.I. 2004/2066, art. 2(c)(xix) (with art. 3)Words in s. 27(4)(b) substituted (1.9.2004) by Courts Act 2003 (c. 39), s. 110(1), Sch. 8 para. 384(b); S.I. 2004/2066, art. 2(c)(xix) (with art. 3)Words in s. 28(2) substituted (1.9.2004) by Courts Act 2003 (c. 39), s. 110(1), Sch. 8 para. 384(c); S.I. 2004/2066, art. 2(c)(xix) (with art. 3)Words in s. 28(4) substituted (1.9.2004) by Courts Act 2003 (c. 39), s. 110(1), Sch. 8 para. 384(c); S.I. 2004/2066, art. 2(c)(xix) (with art. 3)Words in s. 29(3) substituted (1.9.2004) by Courts Act 2003 (c. 39), s. 110(1), Sch. 8 para. 384(d); S.I. 2004/2066, art. 2(c)(xix) (with art. 3)Words in s. 29(5) substituted (1.9.2004) by Courts Act 2003 (c. 39), s. 110(1), Sch. 8 para. 384(d); S.I. 2004/2066, art. 2(c)(xix) (with art. 3)S. 24(5)-(7) repealed (1.4.2005) by Courts Act 2003 (c. 39), s. 110(1), Sch. 8 para. 385, Sch. 10; S.I. 2005/910, art. 3(y)Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) by 1998 c. 37, s. 1I(2)(3) (as inserted (1.7.2005) by Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (c. 15), ss. 143, 178(8); S.I. 2005/1521, art. 3(1)(s))Words in s. 32 inserted (24.7.2006) by Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44), s. 336(3)(4), Sch. 36 para. 75; S.I. 2006/1835, art. 2(h)
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<ukm:Section Ref="section-90-6" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2021/17/section/90/6">s. 90(6)</ukm:Section>
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<ukm:Alternative Date="2008-03-02" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/pdfs/ukpga_19990023_en.pdf" Title="Print Version"/>
</ukm:Alternatives>
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<Primary>
<Body DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/body/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/body" NumberOfProvisions="68" RestrictStartDate="2006-07-24">
<Part DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/part/II/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/part/II" NumberOfProvisions="48" RestrictEndDate="2006-09-18" id="part-II" RestrictStartDate="2006-07-24" RestrictExtent="E+W+S+N.I.">
<Number>Part II</Number>
<Title> Giving of evidence or information for purposes of criminal proceedings</Title>
<Chapter DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/part/II/chapter/I/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/part/II/chapter/I" NumberOfProvisions="18" RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" id="part-II-chapter-I" RestrictStartDate="2006-07-24" RestrictExtent="E+W">
<Number>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545671"/>
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-ee7a2388e815a0ac000c93ec976dd0ea"/>
Chapter I
</Number>
<Title> Special measures directions in case of vulnerable and intimidated witnesses</Title>
<Pblock DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/part/II/chapter/I/crossheading/preliminary/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/part/II/chapter/I/crossheading/preliminary" NumberOfProvisions="3" RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictStartDate="1999-07-27" id="part-II-chapter-I-crossheading-preliminary" RestrictExtent="E+W">
<Title> Preliminary</Title>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictStartDate="1999-07-27">
<Title> Witnesses eligible for assistance on grounds of age or incapacity.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/16" id="section-16">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545681"/>
16
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/1/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/1" id="section-16-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>For the purposes of this Chapter a witness in criminal proceedings (other than the accused) is eligible for assistance by virtue of this section—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/1/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/1/a" id="section-16-1-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>if under the age of 17 at the time of the hearing; or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/1/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/1/b" id="section-16-1-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>if the court considers that the quality of evidence given by the witness is likely to be diminished by reason of any circumstances falling within subsection (2).</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/2/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/2" id="section-16-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The circumstances falling within this subsection are—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/2/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/2/a" id="section-16-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>that the witness—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/2/a/i/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/2/a/i" id="section-16-2-a-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>
suffers from mental disorder within the meaning of the
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545691"/>
Mental Health Act 1983, or
</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/2/a/ii/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/2/a/ii" id="section-16-2-a-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>otherwise has a significant impairment of intelligence and social functioning;</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/2/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/2/b" id="section-16-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>that the witness has a physical disability or is suffering from a physical disorder.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/3/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/3" id="section-16-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In subsection (1)(a) “
<Term id="term-the-time-of-the-hearing">the time of the hearing</Term>
”, in relation to a witness, means the time when it falls to the court to make a determination for the purposes of section 19(2) in relation to the witness.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/4/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/4" id="section-16-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In determining whether a witness falls within subsection (1)(b) the court must consider any views expressed by the witness.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/5/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/16/5" id="section-16-5">
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In this Chapter references to the quality of a witness’s evidence are to its quality in terms of completeness, coherence and accuracy; and for this purpose “coherence” refers to a witness’s ability in giving evidence to give answers which address the questions put to the witness and can be understood both individually and collectively.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictStartDate="1999-07-27" RestrictExtent="E+W">
<Title> Witnesses eligible for assistance on grounds of fear or distress about testifying.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/17" id="section-17">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545701"/>
17
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/1/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/1" id="section-17-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>For the purposes of this Chapter a witness in criminal proceedings (other than the accused) is eligible for assistance by virtue of this subsection if the court is satisfied that the quality of evidence given by the witness is likely to be diminished by reason of fear or distress on the part of the witness in connection with testifying in the proceedings.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2" id="section-17-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In determining whether a witness falls within subsection (1) the court must take into account, in particular—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/a" id="section-17-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the nature and alleged circumstances of the offence to which the proceedings relate;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/b" id="section-17-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the age of the witness;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/c/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/c" id="section-17-2-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>such of the following matters as appear to the court to be relevant, namely—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/c/i/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/c/i" id="section-17-2-c-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>the social and cultural background and ethnic origins of the witness,</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/c/ii/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/c/ii" id="section-17-2-c-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>the domestic and employment circumstances of the witness, and</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/c/iii/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/c/iii" id="section-17-2-c-iii">
<Pnumber>iii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>any religious beliefs or political opinions of the witness;</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/d/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/d" id="section-17-2-d">
<Pnumber>d</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>any behaviour towards the witness on the part of—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/d/i/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/d/i" id="section-17-2-d-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>the accused,</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/d/ii/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/d/ii" id="section-17-2-d-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>members of the family or associates of the accused, or</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/d/iii/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/2/d/iii" id="section-17-2-d-iii">
<Pnumber>iii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>any other person who is likely to be an accused or a witness in the proceedings.</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/3/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/3" id="section-17-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In determining that question the court must in addition consider any views expressed by the witness.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/4/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/17/4" id="section-17-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where the complainant in respect of a sexual offence is a witness in proceedings relating to that offence (or to that offence and any other offences), the witness is eligible for assistance in relation to those proceedings by virtue of this subsection unless the witness has informed the court of the witness’ wish not to be so eligible by virtue of this subsection.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictStartDate="1999-07-27" ConfersPower="true">
<Title> Special measures available to eligible witnesses.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/18" id="section-18">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545711"/>
18
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/1/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/1" id="section-18-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>For the purposes of this Chapter—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/1/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/1/a" id="section-18-1-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the provision which may be made by a special measures direction by virtue of each of sections 23 to 30 is a special measure available in relation to a witness eligible for assistance by virtue of section 16; and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/1/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/1/b" id="section-18-1-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the provision which may be made by such a direction by virtue of each of sections 23 to 28 is a special measure available in relation to a witness eligible for assistance by virtue of section 17;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<Text>but this subsection has effect subject to subsection (2).</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/2/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/2" id="section-18-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where (apart from this subsection) a special measure would, in accordance with subsection (1)(a) or (b), be available in relation to a witness in any proceedings, it shall not be taken by a court to be available in relation to the witness unless—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/2/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/2/a" id="section-18-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the court has been notified by the Secretary of State that relevant arrangements may be made available in the area in which it appears to the court that the proceedings will take place, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/2/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/2/b" id="section-18-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the notice has not been withdrawn.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/3/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/3" id="section-18-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In subsection (2) “
<Term id="term-relevant-arrangements">relevant arrangements</Term>
” means arrangements for implementing the measure in question which cover the witness and the proceedings in question.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/4/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/4" id="section-18-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The withdrawal of a notice under that subsection relating to a special measure shall not affect the availability of that measure in relation to a witness if a special measures direction providing for that measure to apply to the witness’s evidence has been made by the court before the notice is withdrawn.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/5/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/5" id="section-18-5">
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The Secretary of State may by order make such amendments of this Chapter as he considers appropriate for altering the special measures which, in accordance with subsection (1)(a) or (b), are available in relation to a witness eligible for assistance by virtue of section 16 or (as the case may be) section 17, whether—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/5/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/5/a" id="section-18-5-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>by modifying the provisions relating to any measure for the time being available in relation to such a witness,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/5/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/5/b" id="section-18-5-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>by the addition—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/5/b/i/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/5/b/i" id="section-18-5-b-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>(with or without modifications) of any measure which is for the time being available in relation to a witness eligible for assistance by virtue of the other of those sections, or</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/5/b/ii/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/5/b/ii" id="section-18-5-b-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>of any new measure, or</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/5/c/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/18/5/c" id="section-18-5-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>by the removal of any measure.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</Pblock>
<Pblock DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/part/II/chapter/I/crossheading/special-measures-directions/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/part/II/chapter/I/crossheading/special-measures-directions" NumberOfProvisions="4" RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" id="part-II-chapter-I-crossheading-special-measures-directions" RestrictStartDate="2004-09-01" RestrictExtent="E+W">
<Title> Special measures directions</Title>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictStartDate="1999-07-27">
<Title> Special measures direction relating to eligible witness.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/19" id="section-19">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545721"/>
19
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/1/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/1" id="section-19-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>This section applies where in any criminal proceedings—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/1/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/1/a" id="section-19-1-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>a party to the proceedings makes an application for the court to give a direction under this section in relation to a witness in the proceedings other than the accused, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/1/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/1/b" id="section-19-1-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the court of its own motion raises the issue whether such a direction should be given.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/2/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/2" id="section-19-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where the court determines that the witness is eligible for assistance by virtue of section 16 or 17, the court must then—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/2/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/2/a" id="section-19-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>determine whether any of the special measures available in relation to the witness (or any combination of them) would, in its opinion, be likely to improve the quality of evidence given by the witness; and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/2/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/2/b" id="section-19-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>if so—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/2/b/i/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/2/b/i" id="section-19-2-b-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>determine which of those measures (or combination of them) would, in its opinion, be likely to maximise so far as practicable the quality of such evidence; and</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/2/b/ii/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/2/b/ii" id="section-19-2-b-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>give a direction under this section providing for the measure or measures so determined to apply to evidence given by the witness.</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/3/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/3" id="section-19-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In determining for the purposes of this Chapter whether any special measure or measures would or would not be likely to improve, or to maximise so far as practicable, the quality of evidence given by the witness, the court must consider all the circumstances of the case, including in particular—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/3/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/3/a" id="section-19-3-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>any views expressed by the witness; and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/3/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/3/b" id="section-19-3-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>whether the measure or measures might tend to inhibit such evidence being effectively tested by a party to the proceedings.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/4/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/4" id="section-19-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A special measures direction must specify particulars of the provision made by the direction in respect of each special measure which is to apply to the witness’s evidence.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/5/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/5" id="section-19-5">
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In this Chapter “
<Term id="term-special-measures-direction">special measures direction</Term>
” means a direction under this section.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/6/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/6" id="section-19-6">
<Pnumber>6</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Nothing in this Chapter is to be regarded as affecting any power of a court to make an order or give leave of any description (in the exercise of its inherent jurisdiction or otherwise)—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/6/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/6/a" id="section-19-6-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>in relation to a witness who is not an eligible witness, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/6/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/19/6/b" id="section-19-6-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>in relation to an eligible witness where (as, for example, in a case where a foreign language interpreter is to be provided) the order is made or the leave is given otherwise than by reason of the fact that the witness is an eligible witness.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictExtent="E+W" RestrictStartDate="2004-09-01">
<Title> Further provisions about directions: general.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20" id="section-20">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545731"/>
20
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/1/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/1" id="section-20-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Subject to subsection (221.) and section 21(8), a special measures direction has binding effect from the time it is made until the proceedings for the purposes of which it is made are either—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/1/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/1/a" id="section-20-1-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>determined (by acquittal, conviction or otherwise), or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/1/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/1/b" id="section-20-1-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>abandoned,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<Text>in relation to the accused or (if there is more than one) in relation to each of the accused.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/2/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/2" id="section-20-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The court may discharge or vary (or further vary) a special measures direction if it appears to the court to be in the interests of justice to do so, and may do so either—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/2/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/2/a" id="section-20-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>on an application made by a party to the proceedings, if there has been a material change of circumstances since the relevant time, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/2/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/2/b" id="section-20-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>of its own motion.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/3/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/3" id="section-20-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In subsection (2) “
<Term id="term-the-relevant-time">the relevant time</Term>
” means—
</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/3/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/3/a" id="section-20-3-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the time when the direction was given, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/3/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/3/b" id="section-20-3-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>if a previous application has been made under that subsection, the time when the application (or last application) was made.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/4/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/4" id="section-20-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Nothing in section 24(2) and (3), 27(4) to (7) or 28(4) to (6) is to be regarded as affecting the power of the court to vary or discharge a special measures direction under subsection (2).</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/5/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/5" id="section-20-5">
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The court must state in open court its reasons for—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/5/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/5/a" id="section-20-5-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>giving or varying,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/5/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/5/b" id="section-20-5-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>refusing an application for, or for the variation or discharge of, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/5/c/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/5/c" id="section-20-5-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>discharging,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<Text>a special measures direction and, if it is a magistrates’ court, must cause them to be entered in the register of its proceedings.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/6/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/6" id="section-20-6">
<Pnumber>6</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
<Substitution ChangeId="key-e67687ea1a0b3aac812ba9393a7e918c-1547036027991" CommentaryRef="key-e67687ea1a0b3aac812ba9393a7e918c">Criminal Procedure Rules</Substitution>
may make provision—
</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/6/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/6/a" id="section-20-6-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>for uncontested applications to be determined by the court without a hearing;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/6/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/6/b" id="section-20-6-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>for preventing the renewal of an unsuccessful application for a special measures direction except where there has been a material change of circumstances;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/6/c/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/6/c" id="section-20-6-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>for expert evidence to be given in connection with an application for, or for varying or discharging, such a direction;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/6/d/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/20/6/d" id="section-20-6-d">
<Pnumber>d</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>for the manner in which confidential or sensitive information is to be treated in connection with such an application and in particular as to its being disclosed to, or withheld from, a party to the proceedings.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictStartDate="1999-07-27">
<Title> Special provisions relating to child witnesses.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21" id="section-21">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545741"/>
21
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/1/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/1" id="section-21-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>For the purposes of this section—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/1/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/1/a" id="section-21-1-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>a witness in criminal proceedings is a “child witness” if he is an eligible witness by reason of section 16(1)(a) (whether or not he is an eligible witness by reason of any other provision of section 16 or 17);</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/1/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/1/b" id="section-21-1-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>a child witness is “in need of special protection” if the offence (or any of the offences) to which the proceedings relate is—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/1/b/i/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/1/b/i" id="section-21-1-b-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>an offence falling within section 35(3)(a) (sexual offences etc.), or</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/1/b/ii/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/1/b/ii" id="section-21-1-b-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>an offence falling within section 35(3)(b), (c) or (d) (kidnapping, assaults etc.); and</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/1/c/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/1/c" id="section-21-1-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>a “relevant recording”, in relation to a child witness, is a video recording of an interview of the witness made with a view to its admission as evidence in chief of the witness.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/2/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/2" id="section-21-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where the court, in making a determination for the purposes of section 19(2), determines that a witness in criminal proceedings is a child witness, the court must—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/2/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/2/a" id="section-21-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>first have regard to subsections (3) to (7) below; and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/2/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/2/b" id="section-21-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>then have regard to section 19(2);</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<Text>and for the purposes of section 19(2), as it then applies to the witness, any special measures required to be applied in relation to him by virtue of this section shall be treated as if they were measures determined by the court, pursuant to section 19(2)(a) and (b)(i), to be ones that (whether on their own or with any other special measures) would be likely to maximise, so far as practicable, the quality of his evidence.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/3/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/3" id="section-21-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The primary rule in the case of a child witness is that the court must give a special measures direction in relation to the witness which complies with the following requirements—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/3/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/3/a" id="section-21-3-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>it must provide for any relevant recording to be admitted under section 27 (video recorded evidence in chief); and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/3/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/3/b" id="section-21-3-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>it must provide for any evidence given by the witness in the proceedings which is not given by means of a video recording (whether in chief or otherwise) to be given by means of a live link in accordance with section 24.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/4/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/4" id="section-21-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The primary rule is subject to the following limitations—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/4/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/4/a" id="section-21-4-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the requirement contained in subsection (3)(a) or (b) has effect subject to the availability (within the meaning of section 18(2)) of the special measure in question in relation to the witness;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/4/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/4/b" id="section-21-4-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the requirement contained in subsection (3)(a) also has effect subject to section 27(2); and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/4/c/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/4/c" id="section-21-4-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the rule does not apply to the extent that the court is satisfied that compliance with it would not be likely to maximise the quality of the witness’s evidence so far as practicable (whether because the application to that evidence of one or more other special measures available in relation to the witness would have that result or for any other reason).</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/5/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/5" RestrictEndDate="2011-06-27" id="section-21-5">
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>However, subsection (4)(c) does not apply in relation to a child witness in need of special protection.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/6/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/6" RestrictEndDate="2011-06-27" id="section-21-6">
<Pnumber>6</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where a child witness is in need of special protection by virtue of subsection (1)(b)(i), any special measures direction given by the court which complies with the requirement contained in subsection (3)(a) must in addition provide for the special measure available under section 28 (video recorded cross-examination or re-examination) to apply in relation to—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/6/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/6/a" id="section-21-6-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>any cross-examination of the witness otherwise than by the accused in person, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/6/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/6/b" id="section-21-6-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>any subsequent re-examination.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/7/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/7" RestrictEndDate="2011-06-27" id="section-21-7">
<Pnumber>7</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The requirement contained in subsection (6) has effect subject to the following limitations—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/7/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/7/a" id="section-21-7-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>it has effect subject to the availability (within the meaning of section 18(2)) of that special measure in relation to the witness; and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/7/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/7/b" id="section-21-7-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>it does not apply if the witness has informed the court that he does not want that special measure to apply in relation to him.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/8/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/8" id="section-21-8">
<Pnumber>8</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where a special measures direction is given in relation to a child witness who is an eligible witness by reason only of section 16(1)(a), then—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/8/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/8/a" id="section-21-8-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>subject to subsection (9) below, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/8/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/8/b" id="section-21-8-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>except where the witness has already begun to give evidence in the proceedings,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<Text>the direction shall cease to have effect at the time when the witness attains the age of 17.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/9/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/9" id="section-21-9">
<Pnumber>9</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where a special measures direction is given in relation to a child witness who is an eligible witness by reason only of section 16(1)(a) and—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/9/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/9/a" id="section-21-9-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the direction provides—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/9/a/i/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/9/a/i" id="section-21-9-a-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>for any relevant recording to be admitted under section 27 as evidence in chief of the witness, or</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/9/a/ii/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/9/a/ii" id="section-21-9-a-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>for the special measure available under section 28 to apply in relation to the witness, and</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/9/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/21/9/b" id="section-21-9-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>if it provides for that special measure to so apply, the witness is still under the age of 17 when the video recording is made for the purposes of section 28,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<Text>then, so far as it provides as mentioned in paragraph (a)(i) or (ii) above, the direction shall continue to have effect in accordance with section 20(1) even though the witness subsequently attains that age.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictStartDate="1999-07-27">
<Title> Extension of provisions of section 21 to certain witnesses over 17.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/22" id="section-22">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545751"/>
22
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/1/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/1" id="section-22-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>For the purposes of this section—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/1/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/1/a" id="section-22-1-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>a witness in criminal proceedings (other than the accused) is a “qualifying witness” if he—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/1/a/i/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/1/a/i" id="section-22-1-a-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>is not an eligible witness at the time of the hearing (as defined by section 16(3)), but</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/1/a/ii/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/1/a/ii" id="section-22-1-a-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>was under the age of 17 when a relevant recording was made;</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/1/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/1/b" id="section-22-1-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>a qualifying witness is “in need of special protection” if the offence (or any of the offences) to which the proceedings relate is—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/1/b/i/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/1/b/i" id="section-22-1-b-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>an offence falling within section 35(3)(a) (sexual offences etc.), or</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/1/b/ii/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/1/b/ii" id="section-22-1-b-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>an offence falling within section 35(3)(b), (c) or (d) (kidnapping, assaults etc.); and</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/1/c/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/1/c" id="section-22-1-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>a “relevant recording”, in relation to a witness, is a video recording of an interview of the witness made with a view to its admission as evidence in chief of the witness.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/2/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/2" id="section-22-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Subsections (2) to (7) of section 21 shall apply as follows in relation to a qualifying witness—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/2/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/2/a" id="section-22-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>subsections (2) to (4), so far as relating to the giving of a direction complying with the requirement contained in subsection (3)(a), shall apply to a qualifying witness in respect of the relevant recording as they apply to a child witness (within the meaning of that section);</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/2/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/2/b" id="section-22-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>subsection (5), so far as relating to the giving of such a direction, shall apply to a qualifying witness in need of special protection as it applies to a child witness in need of special protection (within the meaning of that section); and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/2/c/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/22/2/c" id="section-22-2-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>subsections (6) and (7) shall apply to a qualifying witness in need of special protection by virtue of subsection (1)(b)(i) above as they apply to such a child witness as is mentioned in subsection (6).</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</Pblock>
<Pblock DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/part/II/chapter/I/crossheading/special-measures/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/part/II/chapter/I/crossheading/special-measures" NumberOfProvisions="8" RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" id="part-II-chapter-I-crossheading-special-measures" RestrictStartDate="2005-04-01" RestrictExtent="E+W">
<Title> Special measures</Title>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictStartDate="1999-07-27">
<Title> Screening witness from accused.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/23/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/23" id="section-23">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545761"/>
23
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/23/1/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/23/1" id="section-23-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A special measures direction may provide for the witness, while giving testimony or being sworn in court, to be prevented by means of a screen or other arrangement from seeing the accused.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/23/2/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/23/2" id="section-23-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>But the screen or other arrangement must not prevent the witness from being able to see, and to be seen by—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/23/2/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/23/2/a" id="section-23-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the judge or justices (or both) and the jury (if there is one);</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/23/2/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/23/2/b" id="section-23-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>legal representatives acting in the proceedings; and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/23/2/c/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/23/2/c" id="section-23-2-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>any interpreter or other person appointed (in pursuance of the direction or otherwise) to assist the witness.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/23/3/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/23/3" id="section-23-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where two or more legal representatives are acting for a party to the proceedings, subsection (2)(b) is to be regarded as satisfied in relation to those representatives if the witness is able at all material times to see and be seen by at least one of them.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictExtent="E+W" RestrictStartDate="2005-04-01">
<Title> Evidence by live link.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/24" id="section-24">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545771"/>
24
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/1/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/1" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-24-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A special measures direction may provide for the witness to give evidence by means of a live link.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/2/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/2" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-24-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where a direction provides for the witness to give evidence by means of a live link, the witness may not give evidence in any other way without the permission of the court.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/3/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/3" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-24-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The court may give permission for the purposes of subsection (2) if it appears to the court to be in the interests of justice to do so, and may do so either—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/3/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/3/a" id="section-24-3-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>on an application by a party to the proceedings, if there has been a material change of circumstances since the relevant time, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/3/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/3/b" id="section-24-3-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>of its own motion.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/4/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/4" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-24-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In subsection (3) “
<Term id="term-the-relevant-time">the relevant time</Term>
” means—
</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/4/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/4/a" id="section-24-4-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the time when the direction was given, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/4/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/4/b" id="section-24-4-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>if a previous application has been made under that subsection, the time when the application (or last application) was made.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/5/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/5" id="section-24-5" RestrictStartDate="2005-04-01">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-b821f74a88d5bc6cb6ceed7cf47b5b1a"/>
5
</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/6/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/6" id="section-24-6" RestrictStartDate="2005-04-01">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-b821f74a88d5bc6cb6ceed7cf47b5b1a"/>
6
</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/7/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/7" id="section-24-7" RestrictStartDate="2005-04-01">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-b821f74a88d5bc6cb6ceed7cf47b5b1a"/>
7
</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/8/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/24/8" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-24-8">
<Pnumber>8</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In this Chapter “
<Term id="term-live-link">live link</Term>
” means a live television link or other arrangement whereby a witness, while absent from the courtroom or other place where the proceedings are being held, is able to see and hear a person there and to be seen and heard by the persons specified in section 23(2)(a) to (c).
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictStartDate="1999-07-27" RestrictExtent="E+W">
<Title> Evidence given in private.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/25" id="section-25">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545801"/>
25
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/1/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/1" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-25-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A special measures direction may provide for the exclusion from the court, during the giving of the witness’s evidence, of persons of any description specified in the direction.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/2/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/2" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-25-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The persons who may be so excluded do not include—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/2/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/2/a" id="section-25-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the accused,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/2/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/2/b" id="section-25-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>legal representatives acting in the proceedings, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/2/c/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/2/c" id="section-25-2-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>any interpreter or other person appointed (in pursuance of the direction or otherwise) to assist the witness.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/3/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/3" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-25-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A special measures direction providing for representatives of news gathering or reporting organisations to be so excluded shall be expressed not to apply to one named person who—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/3/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/3/a" id="section-25-3-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>is a representative of such an organisation, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/3/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/3/b" id="section-25-3-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>has been nominated for the purpose by one or more such organisations,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<Text>unless it appears to the court that no such nomination has been made.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/4/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/4" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-25-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A special measures direction may only provide for the exclusion of persons under this section where—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/4/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/4/a" id="section-25-4-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the proceedings relate to a sexual offence; or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/4/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/4/b" id="section-25-4-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>it appears to the court that there are reasonable grounds for believing that any person other than the accused has sought, or will seek, to intimidate the witness in connection with testifying in the proceedings.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/5/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/25/5" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-25-5">
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Any proceedings from which persons are excluded under this section (whether or not those persons include representatives of news gathering or reporting organisations) shall nevertheless be taken to be held in public for the purposes of any privilege or exemption from liability available in respect of fair, accurate and contemporaneous reports of legal proceedings held in public.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictStartDate="1999-07-27">
<Title> Removal of wigs and gowns.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/26/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/26" id="section-26">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545811"/>
26
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<Text>A special measures direction may provide for the wearing of wigs or gowns to be dispensed with during the giving of the witness’s evidence.</Text>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictExtent="E+W" RestrictStartDate="2004-09-01">
<Title> Video recorded evidence in chief.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27" id="section-27">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545821"/>
27
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/1/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/1" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-27-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A special measures direction may provide for a video recording of an interview of the witness to be admitted as evidence in chief of the witness.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/2/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/2" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-27-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>A special measures direction may, however, not provide for a video recording, or a part of such a recording, to be admitted under this section if the court is of the opinion, having regard to all the circumstances of the case, that in the interests of justice the recording, or that part of it, should not be so admitted.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/3/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/3" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-27-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In considering for the purposes of subsection (2) whether any part of a recording should not be admitted under this section, the court must consider whether any prejudice to the accused which might result from that part being so admitted is outweighed by the desirability of showing the whole, or substantially the whole, of the recorded interview.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/4/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/4" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-27-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where a special measures direction provides for a recording to be admitted under this section, the court may nevertheless subsequently direct that it is not to be so admitted if—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/4/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/4/a" id="section-27-4-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>it appears to the court that—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/4/a/i/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/4/a/i" id="section-27-4-a-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>the witness will not be available for cross-examination (whether conducted in the ordinary way or in accordance with any such direction), and</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/4/a/ii/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/4/a/ii" id="section-27-4-a-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>the parties to the proceedings have not agreed that there is no need for the witness to be so available; or</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/4/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/4/b" id="section-27-4-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>
any
<Substitution ChangeId="key-aad4660ac8bb63476d139291b58d68bb-1547036151604" CommentaryRef="key-aad4660ac8bb63476d139291b58d68bb">Criminal Procedure Rules</Substitution>
requiring disclosure of the circumstances in which the recording was made have not been complied with to the satisfaction of the court.
</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/5/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/5" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-27-5">
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where a recording is admitted under this section—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/5/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/5/a" id="section-27-5-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the witness must be called by the party tendering it in evidence, unless—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/5/a/i/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/5/a/i" id="section-27-5-a-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>a special measures direction provides for the witness’s evidence on cross-examination to be given otherwise than by testimony in court, or</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/5/a/ii/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/5/a/ii" id="section-27-5-a-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>the parties to the proceedings have agreed as mentioned in subsection (4)(a)(ii); and</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/5/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/5/b" id="section-27-5-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the witness may not give evidence in chief otherwise than by means of the recording—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/5/b/i/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/5/b/i" id="section-27-5-b-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>as to any matter which, in the opinion of the court, has been dealt with adequately in the witness’s recorded testimony, or</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/5/b/ii/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/5/b/ii" id="section-27-5-b-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>without the permission of the court, as to any other matter which, in the opinion of the court, is dealt with in that testimony.</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/6/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/6" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-27-6">
<Pnumber>6</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where in accordance with subsection (2) a special measures direction provides for part only of a recording to be admitted under this section, references in subsections (4) and (5) to the recording or to the witness’s recorded testimony are references to the part of the recording or testimony which is to be so admitted.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/7/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/7" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-27-7">
<Pnumber>7</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The court may give permission for the purposes of subsection (5)(b)(ii) if it appears to the court to be in the interests of justice to do so, and may do so either—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/7/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/7/a" id="section-27-7-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>on an application by a party to the proceedings, if there has been a material change of circumstances since the relevant time, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/7/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/7/b" id="section-27-7-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>of its own motion.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/8/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/8" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-27-8">
<Pnumber>8</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In subsection (7) “
<Term id="term-the-relevant-time">the relevant time</Term>
” means—
</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/8/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/8/a" id="section-27-8-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the time when the direction was given, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/8/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/8/b" id="section-27-8-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>if a previous application has been made under that subsection, the time when the application (or last application) was made.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/9/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/9" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-27-9">
<Pnumber>9</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The court may, in giving permission for the purposes of subsection (5)(b)(ii), direct that the evidence in question is to be given by the witness by means of a live link; and, if the court so directs, subsections (5) to (7) of section 24 shall apply in relation to that evidence as they apply in relation to evidence which is to be given in accordance with a special measures direction.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/10/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/10" RestrictEndDate="2012-11-05" id="section-27-10">
<Pnumber>10</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
A magistrates’ court inquiring into an offence as examining justices under section 6 of the
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545831"/>
Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 may consider any video recording in relation to which it is proposed to apply for a special measures direction providing for it to be admitted at the trial in accordance with this section.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/11/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/27/11" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-27-11">
<Pnumber>11</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Nothing in this section affects the admissibility of any video recording which would be admissible apart from this section.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2013-12-30" RestrictStartDate="2004-09-01" RestrictExtent="E+W">
<Title> Video recorded cross-examination or re-examination.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28" id="section-28">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545841"/>
28
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/1/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/1" id="section-28-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where a special measures direction provides for a video recording to be admitted under section 27 as evidence in chief of the witness, the direction may also provide—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/1/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/1/a" id="section-28-1-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>for any cross-examination of the witness, and any re-examination, to be recorded by means of a video recording; and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/1/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/1/b" id="section-28-1-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>for such a recording to be admitted, so far as it relates to any such cross-examination or re-examination, as evidence of the witness under cross-examination or on re-examination, as the case may be.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/2/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/2" id="section-28-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
Such a recording must be made in the presence of such persons as
<Substitution ChangeId="key-a7028487d66640aab6789d8524c8d50b-1547037556753" CommentaryRef="key-a7028487d66640aab6789d8524c8d50b">Criminal Procedure Rules</Substitution>
or the direction may provide and in the absence of the accused, but in circumstances in which—
</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/2/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/2/a" id="section-28-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the judge or justices (or both) and legal representatives acting in the proceedings are able to see and hear the examination of the witness and to communicate with the persons in whose presence the recording is being made, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/2/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/2/b" id="section-28-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the accused is able to see and hear any such examination and to communicate with any legal representative acting for him.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/3/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/3" id="section-28-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where two or more legal representatives are acting for a party to the proceedings, subsection (2)(a) and (b) are to be regarded as satisfied in relation to those representatives if at all material times they are satisfied in relation to at least one of them.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/4/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/4" id="section-28-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
Where a special measures direction provides for a recording to be admitted under this section, the court may nevertheless subsequently direct that it is not to be so admitted if any requirement of subsection (2) or
<Substitution ChangeId="key-87ef3f6e8aa44468d081e9a7394d22d7-1547037593483" CommentaryRef="key-87ef3f6e8aa44468d081e9a7394d22d7">Criminal Procedure Rules</Substitution>
or the direction has not been complied with to the satisfaction of the court.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/5/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/5" id="section-28-5">
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where in pursuance of subsection (1) a recording has been made of any examination of the witness, the witness may not be subsequently cross-examined or re-examined in respect of any evidence given by the witness in the proceedings (whether in any recording admissible under section 27 or this section or otherwise than in such a recording) unless the court gives a further special measures direction making such provision as is mentioned in subsection (1)(a) and (b) in relation to any subsequent cross-examination, and re-examination, of the witness.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/6/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/6" id="section-28-6">
<Pnumber>6</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The court may only give such a further direction if it appears to the court—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/6/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/6/a" id="section-28-6-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>that the proposed cross-examination is sought by a party to the proceedings as a result of that party having become aware, since the time when the original recording was made in pursuance of subsection (1), of a matter which that party could not with reasonable diligence have ascertained by then, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/6/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/6/b" id="section-28-6-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>that for any other reason it is in the interests of justice to give the further direction.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/7/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28/7" id="section-28-7">
<Pnumber>7</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Nothing in this section shall be read as applying in relation to any cross-examination of the witness by the accused in person (in a case where the accused is to be able to conduct any such cross-examination).</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictExtent="E+W" RestrictStartDate="2004-09-01">
<Title> Examination of witness through intermediary.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/29" id="section-29">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545851"/>
<CommentaryRef Ref="key-ad998c60c735dfb76c6edbb0682f4241"/>
29
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/1/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/1" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-29-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
A special measures direction may provide for any examination of the witness (however and wherever conducted) to be conducted through an interpreter or other person approved by the court for the purposes of this section (“
<Term id="term-an-intermediary">an intermediary</Term>
”).
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/2/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/2" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-29-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The function of an intermediary is to communicate—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/2/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/2/a" id="section-29-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>to the witness, questions put to the witness, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/2/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/2/b" id="section-29-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>to any person asking such questions, the answers given by the witness in reply to them,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<Text>and to explain such questions or answers so far as necessary to enable them to be understood by the witness or person in question.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/3/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/3" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-29-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
Any examination of the witness in pursuance of subsection (1) must take place in the presence of such persons as
<Substitution ChangeId="key-4e8b738e1d37263f1170605cd55c4a2d-1547037755741" CommentaryRef="key-4e8b738e1d37263f1170605cd55c4a2d">Criminal Procedure Rules</Substitution>
or the direction may provide, but in circumstances in which—
</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/3/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/3/a" id="section-29-3-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the judge or justices (or both) and legal representatives acting in the proceedings are able to see and hear the examination of the witness and to communicate with the intermediary, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/3/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/3/b" id="section-29-3-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>(except in the case of a video recorded examination) the jury (if there is one) are able to see and hear the examination of the witness.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/4/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/4" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-29-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where two or more legal representatives are acting for a party to the proceedings, subsection (3)(a) is to be regarded as satisfied in relation to those representatives if at all material times it is satisfied in relation to at least one of them.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/5/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/5" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-29-5">
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
A person may not act as an intermediary in a particular case except after making a declaration, in such form as may be prescribed by
<Substitution ChangeId="key-8f72d946b38508f4791128d95213121a-1547037779340" CommentaryRef="key-8f72d946b38508f4791128d95213121a">Criminal Procedure Rules</Substitution>
, that he will faithfully perform his function as intermediary.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/6/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/6" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-29-6">
<Pnumber>6</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Subsection (1) does not apply to an interview of the witness which is recorded by means of a video recording with a view to its admission as evidence in chief of the witness; but a special measures direction may provide for such a recording to be admitted under section 27 if the interview was conducted through an intermediary and—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/6/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/6/a" id="section-29-6-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>that person complied with subsection (5) before the interview began, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/6/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/6/b" id="section-29-6-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the court’s approval for the purposes of this section is given before the direction is given.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/7/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/29/7" RestrictEndDate="2009-10-31" id="section-29-7">
<Pnumber>7</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
Section 1 of the
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545861"/>
Perjury Act 1911 (perjury) shall apply in relation to a person acting as an intermediary as it applies in relation to a person lawfully sworn as an interpreter in a judicial proceeding; and for this purpose, where a person acts as an intermediary in any proceeding which is not a judicial proceeding for the purposes of that section, that proceeding shall be taken to be part of the judicial proceeding in which the witness’s evidence is given.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictStartDate="1999-07-27">
<Title> Aids to communication.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/30/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/30" id="section-30">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545871"/>
30
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<Text>A special measures direction may provide for the witness, while giving evidence (whether by testimony in court or otherwise), to be provided with such device as the court considers appropriate with a view to enabling questions or answers to be communicated to or by the witness despite any disability or disorder or other impairment which the witness has or suffers from.</Text>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</Pblock>
<Pblock DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/part/II/chapter/I/crossheading/supplementary/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/part/II/chapter/I/crossheading/supplementary" NumberOfProvisions="3" RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" id="part-II-chapter-I-crossheading-supplementary" RestrictStartDate="2006-07-24">
<Title> Supplementary</Title>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictStartDate="1999-07-27">
<Title> Status of evidence given under Chapter I.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/31" id="section-31">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545881"/>
31
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/1/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/1" id="section-31-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Subsections (2) to (4) apply to a statement made by a witness in criminal proceedings which, in accordance with a special measures direction, is not made by the witness in direct oral testimony in court but forms part of the witness’s evidence in those proceedings.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/2/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/2" id="section-31-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The statement shall be treated as if made by the witness in direct oral testimony in court; and accordingly—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/2/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/2/a" id="section-31-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>it is admissible evidence of any fact of which such testimony from the witness would be admissible;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/2/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/2/b" id="section-31-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>it is not capable of corroborating any other evidence given by the witness.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/3/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/3" id="section-31-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Subsection (2) applies to a statement admitted under section 27 or 28 which is not made by the witness on oath even though it would have been required to be made on oath if made by the witness in direct oral testimony in court.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/4/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/4" id="section-31-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In estimating the weight (if any) to be attached to the statement, the court must have regard to all the circumstances from which an inference can reasonably be drawn (as to the accuracy of the statement or otherwise).</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/5/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/5" id="section-31-5">
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Nothing in this Chapter (apart from subsection (3)) affects the operation of any rule of law relating to evidence in criminal proceedings.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/6/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/6" id="section-31-6">
<Pnumber>6</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
Where any statement made by a person on oath in any proceeding which is not a judicial proceeding for the purposes of section 1 of the
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545891"/>
Perjury Act 1911 (perjury) is received in evidence in pursuance of a special measures direction, that proceeding shall be taken for the purposes of that section to be part of the judicial proceeding in which the statement is so received in evidence.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/7/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/7" id="section-31-7">
<Pnumber>7</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Where in any proceeding which is not a judicial proceeding for the purposes of that Act—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/7/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/7/a" id="section-31-7-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>a person wilfully makes a false statement otherwise than on oath which is subsequently received in evidence in pursuance of a special measures direction, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/7/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/7/b" id="section-31-7-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the statement is made in such circumstances that had it been given on oath in any such judicial proceeding that person would have been guilty of perjury,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<Text>he shall be guilty of an offence and liable to any punishment which might be imposed on conviction of an offence under section 57(2) (giving of false unsworn evidence in criminal proceedings).</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/8/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/31/8" id="section-31-8">
<Pnumber>8</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>
In this section “
<Term id="term-statement">statement</Term>
” includes any representation of fact, whether made in words or otherwise.
</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictExtent="E+W" RestrictStartDate="2006-07-24">
<Title> Warning to jury.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/32/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/32" id="section-32">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545901"/>
32
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<Text>
Where on a trial on indictment
<Addition ChangeId="key-b14d5bfe9e562cd260529c1c671be532-1547053007713" CommentaryRef="key-b14d5bfe9e562cd260529c1c671be532">with a jury</Addition>
evidence has been given in accordance with a special measures direction, the judge must give the jury such warning (if any) as the judge considers necessary to ensure that the fact that the direction was given in relation to the witness does not prejudice the accused.
</Text>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
<P1group RestrictEndDate="2006-12-06" RestrictStartDate="1999-07-27">
<Title> Interpretation etc. of Chapter I.</Title>
<P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/33/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/33" id="section-33">
<Pnumber>
<CommentaryRef Ref="c9545911"/>
33
</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/33/1/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/33/1" id="section-33-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In this Chapter—</Text>
<UnorderedList Decoration="none" Class="Definition">
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term id="term-eligible-witness">eligible witness</Term>
” means a witness eligible for assistance by virtue of section 16 or 17;
</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term id="term-live-link">live link</Term>
” has the meaning given by section 24(8);
</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term id="term-quality">quality</Term>
”, in relation to the evidence of a witness, shall be construed in accordance with section 16(5);
</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Para>
<Text>
<Term id="term-special-measures-direction">special measures direction</Term>
” means (in accordance with section 19(5)) a direction under section 19.
</Text>
</Para>
</ListItem>
</UnorderedList>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/33/2/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/33/2" id="section-33-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In this Chapter references to the special measures available in relation to a witness shall be construed in accordance with section 18.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/33/3/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/33/3" id="section-33-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In this Chapter references to a person being able to see or hear, or be seen or heard by, another person are to be read as not applying to the extent that either of them is unable to see or hear by reason of any impairment of eyesight or hearing.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/33/4/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/33/4" id="section-33-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In the case of any proceedings in which there is more than one accused—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/33/4/a/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/33/4/a" id="section-33-4-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>any reference to the accused in sections 23 to 28 may be taken by a court, in connection with the giving of a special measures direction, as a reference to all or any of the accused, as the court may determine, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/section/33/4/b/2006-07-24" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/33/4/b" id="section-33-4-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>any such direction may be given on the basis of any such determination.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1>
</P1group>
</Pblock>
</Chapter>
</Part>
</Body>
</Primary>
<Commentaries>
<Commentary id="c9545681" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 16 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 16 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739" id="c00110" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2002" Number="1739">S.I. 2002/1739</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00111" CitationRef="c00110" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a" SectionRef="article-2-a" Operative="true">art. 2(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545691" Type="M">
<Para>
<Text>
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1983/20" id="c00112" Year="1983" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Number="20">1983 c. 20</Citation>
.
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545701" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 17 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 17 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739" id="c00117" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2002" Number="1739">S.I. 2002/1739</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00118" CitationRef="c00117" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a" SectionRef="article-2-a" Operative="true">art. 2(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545711" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 18 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 18 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739" id="c00123" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2002" Number="1739">S.I. 2002/1739</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00124" CitationRef="c00123" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a" SectionRef="article-2-a" Operative="true">art. 2(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545721" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 19 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 19 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739" id="c00129" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2002" Number="1739">S.I. 2002/1739</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00130" CitationRef="c00129" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a" SectionRef="article-2-a" Operative="true">art. 2(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545731" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 20 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4): s. 20 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739" id="c00134" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2002" Number="1739">S.I. 2002/1739</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00135" CitationRef="c00134" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a" SectionRef="article-2-a" Operative="true">art. 2(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545741" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 21 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 20 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739" id="c00140" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2002" Number="1739">S.I. 2002/1739</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00141" CitationRef="c00140" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a" SectionRef="article-2-a" Operative="true">art. 2(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545751" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 22 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 22 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739" id="c00146" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2002" Number="1739">S.I. 2002/1739</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00147" CitationRef="c00146" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a" SectionRef="article-2-a" Operative="true">art. 2(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545761" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 23 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 23 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739" id="c00152" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2002" Number="1739">S.I. 2002/1739</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00153" CitationRef="c00152" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a" SectionRef="article-2-a" Operative="true">art. 2(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545771" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 24 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 24 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739" id="c00158" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2002" Number="1739">S.I. 2002/1739</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00159" CitationRef="c00158" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a" SectionRef="article-2-a" Operative="true">art. 2(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545801" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 25 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 25 jn force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739" id="c00166" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2002" Number="1739">S.I. 2002/1739</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00167" CitationRef="c00166" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a" SectionRef="article-2-a" Operative="true">art. 2(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545811" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 26 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 26 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739" id="c00172" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2002" Number="1739">S.I. 2002/1739</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00173" CitationRef="c00172" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a" SectionRef="article-2-a" Operative="true">art. 2(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545821" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 27 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 27 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739" id="c00178" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2002" Number="1739">S.I. 2002/1739</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00179" CitationRef="c00178" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a" SectionRef="article-2-a" Operative="true">art. 2(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545831" Type="M">
<Para>
<Text>
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1980/43" id="c00180" Year="1980" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Number="43">1980 c. 43</Citation>
.
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545841" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>Pt. 2 Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4)</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545851" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>Pt. 2 Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4)</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545861" Type="M">
<Para>
<Text>
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1911/6" id="c00187" Year="1911" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Number="6">1911 c. 6</Citation>
.
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545871" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 30 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 30 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739" id="c00192" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2002" Number="1739">S.I. 2002/1739</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00193" CitationRef="c00192" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a" SectionRef="article-2-a" Operative="true">art. 2(a)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545881" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 31 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 31 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739" id="c00198" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2002" Number="1739">S.I. 2002/1739</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00199" CitationRef="c00198" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/b" SectionRef="article-2-b" Operative="true">art. 2(b)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545891" Type="M">
<Para>
<Text>
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1911/6" id="c00200" Year="1911" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Number="6">1911 c. 6</Citation>
.
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545901" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 32 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 32 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739" id="c00205" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2002" Number="1739">S.I. 2002/1739</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00206" CitationRef="c00205" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/b" SectionRef="article-2-b" Operative="true">art. 2(b)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545911" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 33 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt.II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 33 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739" id="c00211" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2002" Number="1739">S.I. 2002/1739</Citation>
{art. 2(b)}
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="c9545671" Type="C">
<Para>
<Text>
Pt. 2 Chs. 1-3 amended (1.9.2001) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2001/17" id="c00213" Year="2001" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Number="17">2001 c. 17</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00214" CitationRef="c00213" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2001/17/section/57/2" Operative="true" SectionRef="section-57-2">s. 57(2)</CitationSubRef>
(with
<CitationSubRef id="c00215" CitationRef="c00213" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2001/17/section/56/2" SectionRef="section-56-2">ss. 56(2)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00216" CitationRef="c00213" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2001/17/section/63/2" SectionRef="section-63-2">63(2)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00217" CitationRef="c00213" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2001/17/section/78" SectionRef="section-78">78</CitationSubRef>
);
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2001/2161" id="c00218" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2001" Number="2161">S.I. 2001/2161</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c00219" CitationRef="c00218" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2001/2161/article/2" Operative="true" SectionRef="article-2">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-ad998c60c735dfb76c6edbb0682f4241" Type="I">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 29 in force at 23.2.2004 in so far as not already in force by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/299" id="c8bcmksv3-00008" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2004" Number="299" Title="The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Commencement No. 9) Order 2004">S.I. 2004/299</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bcmksv3-00009" CitationRef="c8bcmksv3-00008" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/299/article/2" SectionRef="article-2" Operative="true">art. 2</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-e67687ea1a0b3aac812ba9393a7e918c" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
Words in s. 20(6) substituted (1.9.2004) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39" id="c8bectwf3-00007" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Year="2003" Number="39" Title="Courts Act 2003">Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bectwf3-00008" CitationRef="c8bectwf3-00007" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/section/110/1" SectionRef="section-110-1">s. 110(1)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bectwf3-00009" CitationRef="c8bectwf3-00007" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/schedule/8/paragraph/384/a" SectionRef="schedule-8-paragraph-384-a" Operative="true">Sch. 8 para. 384(a)</CitationSubRef>
;
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066" id="c8bectwf3-00010" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2004" Number="2066" Title="The Courts Act 2003 (Commencement No. 6 and Savings) Order 2004">S.I. 2004/2066</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bectwf3-00011" CitationRef="c8bectwf3-00010" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/2/c/xix" SectionRef="article-2-c-xix">art. 2(c)(xix)</CitationSubRef>
(with
<CitationSubRef id="c8bectwf3-00012" CitationRef="c8bectwf3-00010" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/3" SectionRef="article-3">art. 3</CitationSubRef>
)
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-aad4660ac8bb63476d139291b58d68bb" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
Words in s. 27(4)(b) substituted (1.9.2004) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39" id="c8befrj53-00007" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Year="2003" Number="39" Title="Courts Act 2003">Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8befrj53-00008" CitationRef="c8befrj53-00007" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/section/110/1" SectionRef="section-110-1">s. 110(1)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8befrj53-00009" CitationRef="c8befrj53-00007" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/schedule/8/paragraph/384/b" SectionRef="schedule-8-paragraph-384-b" Operative="true">Sch. 8 para. 384(b)</CitationSubRef>
;
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066" id="c8befrj53-00010" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2004" Number="2066" Title="The Courts Act 2003 (Commencement No. 6 and Savings) Order 2004">S.I. 2004/2066</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8befrj53-00011" CitationRef="c8befrj53-00010" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/2/c/xix" SectionRef="article-2-c-xix">art. 2(c)(xix)</CitationSubRef>
(with
<CitationSubRef id="c8befrj53-00012" CitationRef="c8befrj53-00010" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/3" SectionRef="article-3">art. 3</CitationSubRef>
)
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-a7028487d66640aab6789d8524c8d50b" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
Words in s. 28(2) substituted (1.9.2004) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39" id="c8bf9k8u3-00007" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Year="2003" Number="39" Title="Courts Act 2003">Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bf9k8u3-00008" CitationRef="c8bf9k8u3-00007" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/section/110/1" SectionRef="section-110-1">s. 110(1)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bf9k8u3-00009" CitationRef="c8bf9k8u3-00007" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/schedule/8/paragraph/384/c" SectionRef="schedule-8-paragraph-384-c" Operative="true">Sch. 8 para. 384(c)</CitationSubRef>
;
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066" id="c8bf9k8u3-00010" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2004" Number="2066" Title="The Courts Act 2003 (Commencement No. 6 and Savings) Order 2004">S.I. 2004/2066</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bf9k8u3-00011" CitationRef="c8bf9k8u3-00010" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/2/c/xix" SectionRef="article-2-c-xix">art. 2(c)(xix)</CitationSubRef>
(with
<CitationSubRef id="c8bf9k8u3-00012" CitationRef="c8bf9k8u3-00010" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/3" SectionRef="article-3">art. 3</CitationSubRef>
)
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-87ef3f6e8aa44468d081e9a7394d22d7" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
Words in s. 28(4) substituted (1.9.2004) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39" id="c8bf9k8u3-00019" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Year="2003" Number="39" Title="Courts Act 2003">Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bf9k8u3-00020" CitationRef="c8bf9k8u3-00019" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/section/110/1" SectionRef="section-110-1">s. 110(1)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bf9k8u3-00021" CitationRef="c8bf9k8u3-00019" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/schedule/8/paragraph/384/c" SectionRef="schedule-8-paragraph-384-c" Operative="true">Sch. 8 para. 384(c)</CitationSubRef>
;
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066" id="c8bf9k8u3-00022" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2004" Number="2066" Title="The Courts Act 2003 (Commencement No. 6 and Savings) Order 2004">S.I. 2004/2066</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bf9k8u3-00023" CitationRef="c8bf9k8u3-00022" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/2/c/xix" SectionRef="article-2-c-xix">art. 2(c)(xix)</CitationSubRef>
(with
<CitationSubRef id="c8bf9k8u3-00024" CitationRef="c8bf9k8u3-00022" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/3" SectionRef="article-3">art. 3</CitationSubRef>
)
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-4e8b738e1d37263f1170605cd55c4a2d" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
Words in s. 29(3) substituted (1.9.2004) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39" id="c8bfdvc23-00007" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Year="2003" Number="39" Title="Courts Act 2003">Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bfdvc23-00008" CitationRef="c8bfdvc23-00007" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/section/110/1" SectionRef="section-110-1">s. 110(1)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bfdvc23-00009" CitationRef="c8bfdvc23-00007" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/schedule/8/paragraph/384/d" SectionRef="schedule-8-paragraph-384-d" Operative="true">Sch. 8 para. 384(d)</CitationSubRef>
;
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066" id="c8bfdvc23-00010" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2004" Number="2066" Title="The Courts Act 2003 (Commencement No. 6 and Savings) Order 2004">S.I. 2004/2066</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bfdvc23-00011" CitationRef="c8bfdvc23-00010" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/2/c/xix" SectionRef="article-2-c-xix">art. 2(c)(xix)</CitationSubRef>
(with
<CitationSubRef id="c8bfdvc23-00012" CitationRef="c8bfdvc23-00010" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/3" SectionRef="article-3">art. 3</CitationSubRef>
)
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-8f72d946b38508f4791128d95213121a" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
Words in s. 29(5) substituted (1.9.2004) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39" id="c8bfdvc23-00019" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Year="2003" Number="39" Title="Courts Act 2003">Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bfdvc23-00020" CitationRef="c8bfdvc23-00019" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/section/110/1" SectionRef="section-110-1">s. 110(1)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bfdvc23-00021" CitationRef="c8bfdvc23-00019" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/schedule/8/paragraph/384/d" SectionRef="schedule-8-paragraph-384-d" Operative="true">Sch. 8 para. 384(d)</CitationSubRef>
;
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066" id="c8bfdvc23-00022" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2004" Number="2066" Title="The Courts Act 2003 (Commencement No. 6 and Savings) Order 2004">S.I. 2004/2066</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bfdvc23-00023" CitationRef="c8bfdvc23-00022" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/2/c/xix" SectionRef="article-2-c-xix">art. 2(c)(xix)</CitationSubRef>
(with
<CitationSubRef id="c8bfdvc23-00024" CitationRef="c8bfdvc23-00022" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/3" SectionRef="article-3">art. 3</CitationSubRef>
)
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-b821f74a88d5bc6cb6ceed7cf47b5b1a" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
S. 24(5)-(7) repealed (1.4.2005) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39" id="c8bnawo83-00007" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Year="2003" Number="39" Title="Courts Act 2003">Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bnawo83-00008" CitationRef="c8bnawo83-00007" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/section/110/1" SectionRef="section-110-1">s. 110(1)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bnawo83-00009" CitationRef="c8bnawo83-00007" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/schedule/8/paragraph/385" SectionRef="schedule-8-paragraph-385">Sch. 8 para. 385</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bnawo83-00010" CitationRef="c8bnawo83-00007" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/schedule/10" SectionRef="schedule-10" Operative="true">Sch. 10</CitationSubRef>
;
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2005/910" id="c8bnawo83-00011" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2005" Number="910" Title="The Courts Act 2003 (Commencement No. 10) Order 2005">S.I. 2005/910</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bnawo83-00012" CitationRef="c8bnawo83-00011" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2005/910/article/3/y" SectionRef="article-3-y">art. 3(y)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-ee7a2388e815a0ac000c93ec976dd0ea" Type="C">
<Para>
<Text>
Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) by 1998 c. 37, s. 1I(2)(3) (as inserted (1.7.2005) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2005/15" id="c8bo77o63-00007" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Year="2005" Number="15" Title="Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005">Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (c. 15)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bo77o63-00008" CitationRef="c8bo77o63-00007" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2005/15/section/143" SectionRef="section-143" Operative="true">ss. 143</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bo77o63-00009" CitationRef="c8bo77o63-00007" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2005/15/section/178/8" SectionRef="section-178-8">178(8)</CitationSubRef>
;
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2005/1521" id="c8bo77o63-00010" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2005" Number="1521" Title="The Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (Commencement No. 1, Transitional and Transitory Provisions) Order 2005">S.I. 2005/1521</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bo77o63-00011" CitationRef="c8bo77o63-00010" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2005/1521/article/3/1/s" SectionRef="article-3-1-s">art. 3(1)(s)</CitationSubRef>
)
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
<Commentary id="key-b14d5bfe9e562cd260529c1c671be532" Type="F">
<Para>
<Text>
Words in s. 32 inserted (24.7.2006) by
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/44" id="c8bofb5c3-00007" Class="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Year="2003" Number="44" Title="Criminal Justice Act 2003">Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44)</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bofb5c3-00008" CitationRef="c8bofb5c3-00007" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/44/section/336/3" SectionRef="section-336-3">s. 336(3)</CitationSubRef>
<CitationSubRef id="c8bofb5c3-00009" CitationRef="c8bofb5c3-00007" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/44/section/336/4" SectionRef="section-336-4">(4)</CitationSubRef>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bofb5c3-00010" CitationRef="c8bofb5c3-00007" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/44/schedule/36/paragraph/75" SectionRef="schedule-36-paragraph-75" Operative="true">Sch. 36 para. 75</CitationSubRef>
;
<Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2006/1835" id="c8bofb5c3-00011" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2006" Number="1835" Title="The Criminal Justice Act 2003 (Commencement No.13 and Transitional Provision) Order 2006">S.I. 2006/1835</Citation>
,
<CitationSubRef id="c8bofb5c3-00012" CitationRef="c8bofb5c3-00011" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2006/1835/article/2/h" SectionRef="article-2-h">art. 2(h)</CitationSubRef>
</Text>
</Para>
</Commentary>
</Commentaries>
</Legislation>