S. 23 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 23 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)

S. 24 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 24 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)

S. 25 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 25 jn force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)

S. 26 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 26 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)

S. 27 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 27 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)

Pt. 2 Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4)

Pt. 2 Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4)

1911 c. 6.

S. 30 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 30 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(a)

Pt. 2 Chs. 1-3 amended (1.9.2001) by 2001 c. 17, s. 57(2) (with ss. 56(2), 63(2), 78); S.I. 2001/2161, art. 2

S. 29 in force at 23.2.2004 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2004/299, art. 2

Words in s. 27(4)(b) substituted (1.9.2004) by Courts Act 2003 (c. 39), s. 110(1), Sch. 8 para. 384(b); S.I. 2004/2066, art. 2(c)(xix) (with art. 3)

Words in s. 28(2) substituted (1.9.2004) by Courts Act 2003 (c. 39), s. 110(1), Sch. 8 para. 384(c); S.I. 2004/2066, art. 2(c)(xix) (with art. 3)

Words in s. 28(4) substituted (1.9.2004) by Courts Act 2003 (c. 39), s. 110(1), Sch. 8 para. 384(c); S.I. 2004/2066, art. 2(c)(xix) (with art. 3)

Words in s. 29(3) substituted (1.9.2004) by Courts Act 2003 (c. 39), s. 110(1), Sch. 8 para. 384(d); S.I. 2004/2066, art. 2(c)(xix) (with art. 3)

Words in s. 29(5) substituted (1.9.2004) by Courts Act 2003 (c. 39), s. 110(1), Sch. 8 para. 384(d); S.I. 2004/2066, art. 2(c)(xix) (with art. 3)

S. 24(5)-(7) repealed (1.4.2005) by Courts Act 2003 (c. 39), s. 110(1), Sch. 8 para. 385, Sch. 10; S.I. 2005/910, art. 3(y)

Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) by 1998 c. 37, s. 1I(2)(3) (as inserted (1.7.2005) by Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (c. 15), ss. 143, 178(8); S.I. 2005/1521, art. 3(1)(s))

S. 29(3)(4) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083), arts. 1, 3, 4

S. 25(4) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083), arts. 1, 3, 4

S. 23 applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083), arts. 1, 3, 4

S. 26 applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083), arts. 1, 3, 4

S. 30 applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083), arts. 1, 3, 4

S. 24(8) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083), arts. 1, 3, 4

S. 25(5) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083), arts. 1, 3, 4

S. 27(1) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083), arts. 1, 3, 4

S. 27(11) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083), arts. 1, 3, 4

S. 29(1)(2) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083), arts. 1, 3, 4

S. 24(1)-(4) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083), arts. 1, 3, 4

S. 25(1)-(3) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083), arts. 1, 3, 4

S. 27(2)-(9) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083), arts. 1, 3, 4

S. 29(5)-(7) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083), arts. 1, 3, 4

S. 24(1A)(1B) inserted (27.6.2011) by Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25), ss. 102(1), 182(5) (with s. 180, Sch. 22 para. 23); S.I. 2011/1452, art. 2(a)

S. 27(9A) inserted (27.6.2011) by Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25), ss. 102(2), 182(5) (with s. 180, Sch. 22 para. 23); S.I. 2011/1452, art. 2(a)

Words in s. 27(9) substituted (27.6.2011) by Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25), ss. 103(5), 182(5) (with s. 180, Sch. 22 para. 23); S.I. 2011/1452, art. 2(a)

Words in s. 27(9) repealed (27.6.2011) by Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25), s. 182(5), Sch. 23 Pt. 3 (with s. 180); S.I. 2011/1452, art. 2(i)

Words in s. 27(5)(a)(i) substituted (27.6.2011) by Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25), s. 182(5), Sch. 21 para. 73 (with s. 180); S.I. 2011/1452, art. 2(g)

S. 27(5)(b) substituted (27.6.2011) by Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25), ss. 103(2), 182(5) (with s. 180, Sch. 22 para. 23); S.I. 2011/1452, art. 2(a)

Words in s. 27(7) substituted (27.6.2011) by Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25), ss. 103(3)(a), 182(5) (with s. 180, Sch. 22 para. 23); S.I. 2011/1452, art. 2(a)

S. 27(8) repealed (27.6.2011) by Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25), ss. 103(4), 182(5), Sch. 23 Pt. 3 (with s. 180, Sch. 22 para. 23); S.I. 2011/1452, art. 2(a)(i)

Words in s. 27(7)(a) repealed (27.6.2011) by Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25), ss. 103(3)(b), 182(5), Sch. 23 Pt. 3 (with s. 180, Sch. 22 para. 23); S.I. 2011/1452, art. 2(a)(i)

Words in s. 25(4)(a) inserted (6.4.2013) by The Trafficking People for Exploitation Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/554), reg. 1(b), Sch. para. 3

S. 27(10) repealed (18.6.2012 for specified purposes, 5.11.2012 for specified purposes, 28.5.2013 for specified purposes) by Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44), s. 336(3)(4), Sch. 3 para. 73(2), Sch. 37 Pt. 4; S.I. 2012/1320, art. 4(1)(c)(d)(2)(3) (with art. 5) (see S.I. 2012/2574, art. 4(2) and S.I. 2013/1103, art. 4); S.I. 2012/2574, art. 2(2)(3)(c)(d), Sch. (with arts. 3, 4) (as amended (4.11.2012) by S.I. 2012/2761, art. 2) (with S.I. 2013/1103, art. 4); S.I. 2013/1103, art. 2(1)(c)(d)(2)(3) (with arts. 3, 4)

S. 28 in force at 30.12.2013 for specified purposes by S.I. 2013/3236, art. 2(1)

Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) (20.10.2014) by Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 (c. 12), s. 31(1)-(3), 185(1) (with ss. 21, 33, 42, 58, 75, 93); S.I. 2014/2590, art. 3(a)

Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) (23.3.2015) by Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 (c. 12), s. 16(1)-(3), 185(1) (with ss. 21, 33, 42, 58, 75, 93); S.I. 2015/373, art. 4(a)

Words in s. 25(4)(a) substituted (31.7.2015) by Modern Slavery Act 2015 (c. 30), ss. 46(3), 61(1); S.I. 2015/1476, reg. 2(e) (with regs. 3, 6, 8)

Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) (26.5.2016) by Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (c. 2), s. 33(1)(2), 63(2); S.I. 2016/553, reg. 2

S. 28 in force at 2.1.2017 for specified purposes by S.I. 2016/1201, art. 2

1980 c. 43.

S. 28 in force at 3.6.2019 for specified purposes by S.I. 2019/947, art. 2

S. 28 in force at 24.2.2020 for specified purposes by S.I. 2020/155, art. 2

S. 28 in force at 24.8.2020 for specified purposes by S.I. 2020/888, art. 2

S. 28 in force at 26.10.2020 for specified purposes by S.I. 2020/1159, art. 2

S. 28 in force at 23.11.2020 for specified purposes by S.I. 2020/1331, art. 2

Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) (1.12.2020) by Sentencing Act 2020 (c. 17), ss. 340(1)(2), 416(1) (with ss. 2, 398(1), 406, Sch. 27); S.I. 2020/1236, reg. 2

S. 28 in force at 4.3.2021 for specified purposes by S.I. 2021/244, art. 2

S. 28 in force at 30.9.2021 for specified purposes by S.I. 2021/1036, art. 2

S. 28 in force at 31.3.2022 for specified purposes by S.I. 2022/456, art. 2

S. 28 in force at 4.4.2022 for specified purposes by S.I. 2022/456, art. 3

S. 28 in force at 11.4.2022 for specified purposes by S.I. 2022/456, art. 4

S. 28 in force at 12.5.2022 for specified purposes by S.I. 2022/536, art. 2

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/part/II/chapter/I/crossheading/special-measures/2022-05-12Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999An Act to provide for the referral of offenders under 18 to youth offender panels; to make provision in connection with the giving of evidence or information for the purposes of criminal proceedings; to amend section 51 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994; to make pre-consolidation amendments relating to youth justice; and for connected purposes.1999-08-06texttext/xmlenStatute Law Database2024-05-17Expert Participation2022-05-12Part II Giving of evidence or information for purposes of criminal proceedingsChapter I Special measures directions in case of vulnerable and intimidated witnesses Special measures
23 Screening witness from accused.1

A special measures direction may provide for the witness, while giving testimony or being sworn in court, to be prevented by means of a screen or other arrangement from seeing the accused.

2

But the screen or other arrangement must not prevent the witness from being able to see, and to be seen by—

a

the judge or justices (or both) and the jury (if there is one);

b

legal representatives acting in the proceedings; and

c

any interpreter or other person appointed (in pursuance of the direction or otherwise) to assist the witness.

3

Where two or more legal representatives are acting for a party to the proceedings, subsection (2)(b) is to be regarded as satisfied in relation to those representatives if the witness is able at all material times to see and be seen by at least one of them.

24 Evidence by live link.1

A special measures direction may provide for the witness to give evidence by means of a live link.

1A

Such a direction may also provide for a specified person to accompany the witness while the witness is giving evidence by live link.

1B

In determining who may accompany the witness, the court must have regard to the wishes of the witness.

2

Where a direction provides for the witness to give evidence by means of a live link, the witness may not give evidence in any other way without the permission of the court.

3

The court may give permission for the purposes of subsection (2) if it appears to the court to be in the interests of justice to do so, and may do so either—

a

on an application by a party to the proceedings, if there has been a material change of circumstances since the relevant time, or

b

of its own motion.

4

In subsection (3) “the relevant time” means—

a

the time when the direction was given, or

b

if a previous application has been made under that subsection, the time when the application (or last application) was made.

5

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

In this Chapter “live link” means a live television link or other arrangement whereby a witness, while absent from the courtroom or other place where the proceedings are being held, is able to see and hear a person there and to be seen and heard by the persons specified in section 23(2)(a) to (c).

25 Evidence given in private.1

A special measures direction may provide for the exclusion from the court, during the giving of the witness’s evidence, of persons of any description specified in the direction.

2

The persons who may be so excluded do not include—

a

the accused,

b

legal representatives acting in the proceedings, or

c

any interpreter or other person appointed (in pursuance of the direction or otherwise) to assist the witness.

3

A special measures direction providing for representatives of news gathering or reporting organisations to be so excluded shall be expressed not to apply to one named person who—

a

is a representative of such an organisation, and

b

has been nominated for the purpose by one or more such organisations,

unless it appears to the court that no such nomination has been made.

4

A special measures direction may only provide for the exclusion of persons under this section where—

a

the proceedings relate to a sexual offence or an offence under section 1 or 2 of the Modern Slavery Act 2015; or

b

it appears to the court that there are reasonable grounds for believing that any person other than the accused has sought, or will seek, to intimidate the witness in connection with testifying in the proceedings.

5

Any proceedings from which persons are excluded under this section (whether or not those persons include representatives of news gathering or reporting organisations) shall nevertheless be taken to be held in public for the purposes of any privilege or exemption from liability available in respect of fair, accurate and contemporaneous reports of legal proceedings held in public.

26 Removal of wigs and gowns.

A special measures direction may provide for the wearing of wigs or gowns to be dispensed with during the giving of the witness’s evidence.

27 Video recorded evidence in chief.1

A special measures direction may provide for a video recording of an interview of the witness to be admitted as evidence in chief of the witness.

2

A special measures direction may, however, not provide for a video recording, or a part of such a recording, to be admitted under this section if the court is of the opinion, having regard to all the circumstances of the case, that in the interests of justice the recording, or that part of it, should not be so admitted.

3

In considering for the purposes of subsection (2) whether any part of a recording should not be admitted under this section, the court must consider whether any prejudice to the accused which might result from that part being so admitted is outweighed by the desirability of showing the whole, or substantially the whole, of the recorded interview.

4

Where a special measures direction provides for a recording to be admitted under this section, the court may nevertheless subsequently direct that it is not to be so admitted if—

a

it appears to the court that—

i

the witness will not be available for cross-examination (whether conducted in the ordinary way or in accordance with any such direction), and

ii

the parties to the proceedings have not agreed that there is no need for the witness to be so available; or

b

any Criminal Procedure Rules requiring disclosure of the circumstances in which the recording was made have not been complied with to the satisfaction of the court.

5

Where a recording is admitted under this section—

a

the witness must be called by the party tendering it in evidence, unless—

i

a special measures direction provides for the witness’s evidence on cross-examination to be given in any recording admissible under section 28, or

ii

the parties to the proceedings have agreed as mentioned in subsection (4)(a)(ii); and

b

the witness may not without the permission of the court give evidence in chief otherwise than by means of the recording as to any matter which, in the opinion of the court, is dealt with in the witness's recorded testimony.

6

Where in accordance with subsection (2) a special measures direction provides for part only of a recording to be admitted under this section, references in subsections (4) and (5) to the recording or to the witness’s recorded testimony are references to the part of the recording or testimony which is to be so admitted.

7

The court may give permission for the purposes of subsection subsection (5)(b) if it appears to the court to be in the interests of justice to do so, and may do so either—

a

on an application by a party to the proceedings, ... or

b

of its own motion.

8

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

The court may, in giving permission for the purposes of subsection (5)(b), direct that the evidence in question is to be given by the witness by means of a live link; ....

9A

If the court directs under subsection (9) that evidence is to be given by live link, it may also make such provision in that direction as it could make under section 24(1A) in a special measures direction.

10

A magistrates’ court inquiring into an offence as examining justices under section 6 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 may consider any video recording in relation to which it is proposed to apply for a special measures direction providing for it to be admitted at the trial in accordance with this section.

11

Nothing in this section affects the admissibility of any video recording which would be admissible apart from this section.

28 Video recorded cross-examination or re-examination.1

Where a special measures direction provides for a video recording to be admitted under section 27 as evidence in chief of the witness, the direction may also provide—

a

for any cross-examination of the witness, and any re-examination, to be recorded by means of a video recording; and

b

for such a recording to be admitted, so far as it relates to any such cross-examination or re-examination, as evidence of the witness under cross-examination or on re-examination, as the case may be.

2

Such a recording must be made in the presence of such persons as Criminal Procedure Rules or the direction may provide and in the absence of the accused, but in circumstances in which—

a

the judge or justices (or both) and legal representatives acting in the proceedings are able to see and hear the examination of the witness and to communicate with the persons in whose presence the recording is being made, and

b

the accused is able to see and hear any such examination and to communicate with any legal representative acting for him.

3

Where two or more legal representatives are acting for a party to the proceedings, subsection (2)(a) and (b) are to be regarded as satisfied in relation to those representatives if at all material times they are satisfied in relation to at least one of them.

4

Where a special measures direction provides for a recording to be admitted under this section, the court may nevertheless subsequently direct that it is not to be so admitted if any requirement of subsection (2) or Criminal Procedure Rules or the direction has not been complied with to the satisfaction of the court.

5

Where in pursuance of subsection (1) a recording has been made of any examination of the witness, the witness may not be subsequently cross-examined or re-examined in respect of any evidence given by the witness in the proceedings (whether in any recording admissible under section 27 or this section or otherwise than in such a recording) unless the court gives a further special measures direction making such provision as is mentioned in subsection (1)(a) and (b) in relation to any subsequent cross-examination, and re-examination, of the witness.

6

The court may only give such a further direction if it appears to the court—

a

that the proposed cross-examination is sought by a party to the proceedings as a result of that party having become aware, since the time when the original recording was made in pursuance of subsection (1), of a matter which that party could not with reasonable diligence have ascertained by then, or

b

that for any other reason it is in the interests of justice to give the further direction.

7

Nothing in this section shall be read as applying in relation to any cross-examination of the witness by the accused in person (in a case where the accused is to be able to conduct any such cross-examination).

29 Examination of witness through intermediary.1

A special measures direction may provide for any examination of the witness (however and wherever conducted) to be conducted through an interpreter or other person approved by the court for the purposes of this section (“an intermediary”).

2

The function of an intermediary is to communicate—

a

to the witness, questions put to the witness, and

b

to any person asking such questions, the answers given by the witness in reply to them,

and to explain such questions or answers so far as necessary to enable them to be understood by the witness or person in question.

3

Any examination of the witness in pursuance of subsection (1) must take place in the presence of such persons as Criminal Procedure Rules or the direction may provide, but in circumstances in which—

a

the judge or justices (or both) and legal representatives acting in the proceedings are able to see and hear the examination of the witness and to communicate with the intermediary, and

b

(except in the case of a video recorded examination) the jury (if there is one) are able to see and hear the examination of the witness.

4

Where two or more legal representatives are acting for a party to the proceedings, subsection (3)(a) is to be regarded as satisfied in relation to those representatives if at all material times it is satisfied in relation to at least one of them.

5

A person may not act as an intermediary in a particular case except after making a declaration, in such form as may be prescribed by Criminal Procedure Rules, that he will faithfully perform his function as intermediary.

6

Subsection (1) does not apply to an interview of the witness which is recorded by means of a video recording with a view to its admission as evidence in chief of the witness; but a special measures direction may provide for such a recording to be admitted under section 27 if the interview was conducted through an intermediary and—

a

that person complied with subsection (5) before the interview began, and

b

the court’s approval for the purposes of this section is given before the direction is given.

7

Section 1 of the Perjury Act 1911 (perjury) shall apply in relation to a person acting as an intermediary as it applies in relation to a person lawfully sworn as an interpreter in a judicial proceeding; and for this purpose, where a person acts as an intermediary in any proceeding which is not a judicial proceeding for the purposes of that section, that proceeding shall be taken to be part of the judicial proceeding in which the witness’s evidence is given.

30 Aids to communication.

A special measures direction may provide for the witness, while giving evidence (whether by testimony in court or otherwise), to be provided with such device as the court considers appropriate with a view to enabling questions or answers to be communicated to or by the witness despite any disability or disorder or other impairment which the witness has or suffers from.

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<eventRef date="2022-06-29" type="amendment" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2022-07-11" type="amendment" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2022-07-18" type="amendment" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2022-09-09" type="amendment" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2022-09-26" type="amendment" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2023-02-01" type="amendment" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2005-04-01" eId="effective-date-1" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2009-10-31" eId="effective-date-2" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2011-06-27" eId="effective-date-3" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2013-05-28" eId="effective-date-4" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2015-07-31" eId="effective-date-5" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2022-05-12" eId="effective-date-6" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2022-05-19" eId="effective-date-7" source="#source"/>
<eventRef date="2022-06-08" eId="effective-date-8" source="#source"/>
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<source href="#key-e647f88090f67ea2bbcd671edfc322e7"/>
<destination href="#section-24-1A"/>
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<textualMod type="insertion" eId="mod-key-9a129d421aad57e96b0c9b0b86321007-1567423805081">
<source href="#key-9a129d421aad57e96b0c9b0b86321007"/>
<destination href="#section-25-4-a"/>
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<destination href="#section-25-4-a"/>
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<source href="#key-aad4660ac8bb63476d139291b58d68bb"/>
<destination href="#section-27-4-b"/>
</textualMod>
<textualMod type="substitution" eId="mod-key-497b0f669c496a7ea7864db9c12d7c4f-1564661858141">
<source href="#key-497b0f669c496a7ea7864db9c12d7c4f"/>
<destination href="#section-27-5-a-i"/>
</textualMod>
<textualMod type="substitution" eId="mod-key-596724b193fd941b0a5d17b5030c1229-1564662259431">
<source href="#key-596724b193fd941b0a5d17b5030c1229"/>
<destination href="#section-27-5-b"/>
</textualMod>
<textualMod type="substitution" eId="mod-key-1d072d6f7c7942e48c2beae6632af36b-1564662321779">
<source href="#key-1d072d6f7c7942e48c2beae6632af36b"/>
<destination href="#section-27-7"/>
</textualMod>
<textualMod type="substitution" eId="mod-key-0b28021133b79c3c6253ac281255001c-1564661701277">
<source href="#key-0b28021133b79c3c6253ac281255001c"/>
<destination href="#section-27-9"/>
</textualMod>
<textualMod type="insertion" eId="mod-key-a4e6ff322c69216ca4f185bc9d20bd9e-1564661666455">
<source href="#key-a4e6ff322c69216ca4f185bc9d20bd9e"/>
<destination href="#section-27-9A"/>
</textualMod>
<textualMod type="insertion" eId="mod-M_F_1cece007-392a-46e5-dd78-944207a9354c-1567628237437">
<source href="#"/>
<destination href="#section-27-10"/>
</textualMod>
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<source href="#key-a7028487d66640aab6789d8524c8d50b"/>
<destination href="#section-28-2"/>
</textualMod>
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<source href="#key-87ef3f6e8aa44468d081e9a7394d22d7"/>
<destination href="#section-28-4"/>
</textualMod>
<textualMod type="substitution" eId="mod-key-4e8b738e1d37263f1170605cd55c4a2d-1547037755741">
<source href="#key-4e8b738e1d37263f1170605cd55c4a2d"/>
<destination href="#section-29-3"/>
</textualMod>
<textualMod type="substitution" eId="mod-key-8f72d946b38508f4791128d95213121a-1547037779340">
<source href="#key-8f72d946b38508f4791128d95213121a"/>
<destination href="#section-29-5"/>
</textualMod>
</passiveModifications>
<restrictions source="#source">
<restriction refersTo="#e+w+s+ni" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#section-24" refersTo="#e+w" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#section-25" refersTo="#e+w" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#section-27" refersTo="#e+w" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#section-28" refersTo="#e+w" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#section-29" refersTo="#e+w" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#part-II" refersTo="#e+w+s+ni" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#part-II-chapter-I" refersTo="#e+w" type="jurisdiction"/>
<restriction href="#part-II-chapter-I-crossheading-special-measures" refersTo="#e+w" type="jurisdiction"/>
</restrictions>
</analysis>
<temporalData source="#source">
<temporalGroup eId="period1">
<timeInterval start="#effective-date-1" refersTo="#period-concept1"/>
</temporalGroup>
<temporalGroup eId="period2">
<timeInterval start="#effective-date-2" refersTo="#period-concept2"/>
</temporalGroup>
<temporalGroup eId="period3">
<timeInterval start="#effective-date-3" refersTo="#period-concept3"/>
</temporalGroup>
<temporalGroup eId="period4">
<timeInterval start="#effective-date-4" refersTo="#period-concept4"/>
</temporalGroup>
<temporalGroup eId="period5">
<timeInterval start="#effective-date-5" end="#effective-date-7" refersTo="#period-concept5"/>
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<temporalGroup eId="period6">
<timeInterval start="#effective-date-6" refersTo="#period-concept6"/>
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<temporalGroup eId="period7">
<timeInterval start="#effective-date-6" end="#effective-date-7" refersTo="#period-concept7"/>
</temporalGroup>
<temporalGroup eId="period8">
<timeInterval start="#effective-date-6" end="#effective-date-8" refersTo="#period-concept8"/>
</temporalGroup>
</temporalData>
<references source="#source">
<TLCOrganization eId="source" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/publisher/StatuteLawDatabase" showAs="Statute Law Database"/>
<passiveRef href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25" showAs="Coroners and Justice Act 2009"/>
<TLCLocation eId="e+w+s+ni" href="/ontology/jurisdictions/uk.EnglandWalesScotlandNorthernIreland" showAs="England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland"/>
<TLCLocation eId="e+w" href="/ontology/jurisdictions/uk.EnglandWales" showAs="England, Wales"/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-the-relevant-time" href="/ontology/term/uk.the-relevant-time" showAs="the relevant time"/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-live-link" href="/ontology/term/uk.live-link" showAs="live link"/>
<TLCTerm eId="term-an-intermediary" href="/ontology/term/uk.an-intermediary" showAs="an intermediary"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept1" href="/ontology/time/2005.04.01" showAs="since 2005-04-01"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept2" href="/ontology/time/2009.10.31" showAs="since 2009-10-31"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept3" href="/ontology/time/2011.06.27" showAs="since 2011-06-27"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept4" href="/ontology/time/2013.05.28" showAs="since 2013-05-28"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept5" href="/ontology/time/2015.07.31-2022.05.19" showAs="from 2015-07-31 until 2022-05-19"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept6" href="/ontology/time/2022.05.12" showAs="since 2022-05-12"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept7" href="/ontology/time/2022.05.12-2022.05.19" showAs="from 2022-05-12 until 2022-05-19"/>
<TLCConcept eId="period-concept8" href="/ontology/time/2022.05.12-2022.06.08" showAs="from 2022-05-12 until 2022-06-08"/>
</references>
<notes source="#source">
<note class="commentary I" eId="c9545761">
<p>
S. 23 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 23 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739">S.I. 2002/1739</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a">art. 2(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="c9545771">
<p>
S. 24 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 24 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739">S.I. 2002/1739</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a">art. 2(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="c9545801">
<p>
S. 25 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 25 jn force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739">S.I. 2002/1739</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a">art. 2(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="c9545811">
<p>
S. 26 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 26 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739">S.I. 2002/1739</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a">art. 2(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="c9545821">
<p>
S. 27 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 27 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739">S.I. 2002/1739</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a">art. 2(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="c9545841">
<p>Pt. 2 Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4)</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="c9545851">
<p>Pt. 2 Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4)</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c9545861">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1911/6">1911 c. 6</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="c9545871">
<p>
S. 30 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 30 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739">S.I. 2002/1739</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/a">art. 2(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c9545671">
<p>
Pt. 2 Chs. 1-3 amended (1.9.2001) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2001/17">2001 c. 17</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2001/17/section/57/2">s. 57(2)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2001/17/section/56/2">ss. 56(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2001/17/section/63/2">63(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2001/17/section/78">78</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2001/2161">S.I. 2001/2161</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2001/2161/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="key-ad998c60c735dfb76c6edbb0682f4241">
<p>
S. 29 in force at 23.2.2004 in so far as not already in force by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/299">S.I. 2004/299</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/299/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-aad4660ac8bb63476d139291b58d68bb">
<p>
Words in s. 27(4)(b) substituted (1.9.2004) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39">Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/section/110/1">s. 110(1)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/schedule/8/paragraph/384/b">Sch. 8 para. 384(b)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066">S.I. 2004/2066</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/2/c/xix">art. 2(c)(xix)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/3">art. 3</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-a7028487d66640aab6789d8524c8d50b">
<p>
Words in s. 28(2) substituted (1.9.2004) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39">Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/section/110/1">s. 110(1)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/schedule/8/paragraph/384/c">Sch. 8 para. 384(c)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066">S.I. 2004/2066</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/2/c/xix">art. 2(c)(xix)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/3">art. 3</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-87ef3f6e8aa44468d081e9a7394d22d7">
<p>
Words in s. 28(4) substituted (1.9.2004) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39">Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/section/110/1">s. 110(1)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/schedule/8/paragraph/384/c">Sch. 8 para. 384(c)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066">S.I. 2004/2066</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/2/c/xix">art. 2(c)(xix)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/3">art. 3</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-4e8b738e1d37263f1170605cd55c4a2d">
<p>
Words in s. 29(3) substituted (1.9.2004) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39">Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/section/110/1">s. 110(1)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/schedule/8/paragraph/384/d">Sch. 8 para. 384(d)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066">S.I. 2004/2066</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/2/c/xix">art. 2(c)(xix)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/3">art. 3</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-8f72d946b38508f4791128d95213121a">
<p>
Words in s. 29(5) substituted (1.9.2004) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39">Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/section/110/1">s. 110(1)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/schedule/8/paragraph/384/d">Sch. 8 para. 384(d)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066">S.I. 2004/2066</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/2/c/xix">art. 2(c)(xix)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2004/2066/article/3">art. 3</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-b821f74a88d5bc6cb6ceed7cf47b5b1a">
<p>
S. 24(5)-(7) repealed (1.4.2005) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39">Courts Act 2003 (c. 39)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/section/110/1">s. 110(1)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/schedule/8/paragraph/385">Sch. 8 para. 385</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/39/schedule/10">Sch. 10</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2005/910">S.I. 2005/910</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2005/910/article/3/y">art. 3(y)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-ee7a2388e815a0ac000c93ec976dd0ea">
<p>
Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) by 1998 c. 37, s. 1I(2)(3) (as inserted (1.7.2005) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2005/15">Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (c. 15)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2005/15/section/143">ss. 143</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2005/15/section/178/8">178(8)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2005/1521">S.I. 2005/1521</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2005/1521/article/3/1/s">art. 3(1)(s)</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-e8086b96390ffb03c32888369a696ed0">
<p>
S. 29(3)(4) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083">The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/1">arts. 1</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/3">3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/4">4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-39b5bf86b72335ff7a094385f6c1f60c">
<p>
S. 25(4) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083">The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/1">arts. 1</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/3">3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/4">4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-2188974d75e722db3a4b9c6721c4a5d2">
<p>
S. 23 applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083">The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/1">arts. 1</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/3">3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/4">4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-5d27608f424f6545b8a25f2e9a4cf9d2">
<p>
S. 26 applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083">The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/1">arts. 1</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/3">3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/4">4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-c4d0c0c7eafc388091f3deb227f75737">
<p>
S. 30 applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083">The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/1">arts. 1</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/3">3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/4">4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-e651f1f931bda1c494ff87c0daa1704b">
<p>
S. 24(8) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083">The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/1">arts. 1</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/3">3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/4">4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-140882ec16cd34aa117640d6bf8e0371">
<p>
S. 25(5) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083">The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/1">arts. 1</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/3">3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/4">4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-b613e0a26e30dd02e128adbcb2b65c5c">
<p>
S. 27(1) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083">The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/1">arts. 1</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/3">3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/4">4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-ac7e1b65446712c219876952580bc4b3">
<p>
S. 27(11) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083">The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/1">arts. 1</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/3">3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/4">4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-5c750786be6393483cf14f1ea3fa5bbc">
<p>
S. 29(1)(2) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083">The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/1">arts. 1</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/3">3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/4">4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-efa19634a7638a1b6b70764cab269be3">
<p>
S. 24(1)-(4) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083">The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/1">arts. 1</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/3">3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/4">4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-2d4a164e77c90a60132bee1d387fa0fd">
<p>
S. 25(1)-(3) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083">The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/1">arts. 1</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/3">3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/4">4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-b3b64821c6829f7e0b4e9e08e67713ba">
<p>
S. 27(2)-(9) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083">The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/1">arts. 1</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/3">3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/4">4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-924f411c5ee6ccfc5edf1c660d494200">
<p>
S. 29(5)-(7) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083">The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/1">arts. 1</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/3">3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/4">4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-e647f88090f67ea2bbcd671edfc322e7">
<p>
S. 24(1A)(1B) inserted (27.6.2011) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25">Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/102/1">ss. 102(1)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/182/5">182(5)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/180">s. 180</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/22/paragraph/23">Sch. 22 para. 23</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452">S.I. 2011/1452</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452/article/2/a">art. 2(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-a4e6ff322c69216ca4f185bc9d20bd9e">
<p>
S. 27(9A) inserted (27.6.2011) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25">Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/102/2">ss. 102(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/182/5">182(5)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/180">s. 180</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/22/paragraph/23">Sch. 22 para. 23</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452">S.I. 2011/1452</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452/article/2/a">art. 2(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-0b28021133b79c3c6253ac281255001c">
<p>
Words in s. 27(9) substituted (27.6.2011) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25">Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/103/5">ss. 103(5)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/182/5">182(5)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/180">s. 180</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/22/paragraph/23">Sch. 22 para. 23</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452">S.I. 2011/1452</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452/article/2/a">art. 2(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-d742490da1cbae195ff71406ceea3a0c">
<p>
Words in s. 27(9) repealed (27.6.2011) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25">Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/182/5">s. 182(5)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/23/part/3">Sch. 23 Pt. 3</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/180">s. 180</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452">S.I. 2011/1452</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452/article/2/i">art. 2(i)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-497b0f669c496a7ea7864db9c12d7c4f">
<p>
Words in s. 27(5)(a)(i) substituted (27.6.2011) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25">Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/182/5">s. 182(5)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/21/paragraph/73">Sch. 21 para. 73</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/180">s. 180</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452">S.I. 2011/1452</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452/article/2/g">art. 2(g)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-596724b193fd941b0a5d17b5030c1229">
<p>
S. 27(5)(b) substituted (27.6.2011) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25">Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/103/2">ss. 103(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/182/5">182(5)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/180">s. 180</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/22/paragraph/23">Sch. 22 para. 23</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452">S.I. 2011/1452</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452/article/2/a">art. 2(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-1d072d6f7c7942e48c2beae6632af36b">
<p>
Words in s. 27(7) substituted (27.6.2011) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25">Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/103/3/a">ss. 103(3)(a)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/182/5">182(5)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/180">s. 180</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/22/paragraph/23">Sch. 22 para. 23</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452">S.I. 2011/1452</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452/article/2/a">art. 2(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-2a8129319a7a140e53def45e007f5300">
<p>
S. 27(8) repealed (27.6.2011) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25">Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/103/4">ss. 103(4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/182/5">182(5)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/23/part/3">Sch. 23 Pt. 3</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/180">s. 180</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/22/paragraph/23">Sch. 22 para. 23</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452">S.I. 2011/1452</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452/article/2/a/i">art. 2(a)(i)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-e69fb1588a614b0af21f6e2a527be02a">
<p>
Words in s. 27(7)(a) repealed (27.6.2011) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25">Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/103/3/b">ss. 103(3)(b)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/182/5">182(5)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/23/part/3">Sch. 23 Pt. 3</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/section/180">s. 180</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/22/paragraph/23">Sch. 22 para. 23</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452">S.I. 2011/1452</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2011/1452/article/2/a/i">art. 2(a)(i)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-9a129d421aad57e96b0c9b0b86321007">
<p>
Words in s. 25(4)(a) inserted (6.4.2013) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/554">The Trafficking People for Exploitation Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/554)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/554/regulation/1/b">reg. 1(b)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/554/schedule/paragraph/3">Sch. para. 3</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-005d5ca901ca8f03ed25e161f867697b">
<p>
S. 27(10) repealed (18.6.2012 for specified purposes, 5.11.2012 for specified purposes, 28.5.2013 for specified purposes) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/44">Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/44/section/336/3">s. 336(3)</ref>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/44/section/336/4">(4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/44/schedule/3/paragraph/73/2">Sch. 3 para. 73(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/44/schedule/37/part/4">Sch. 37 Pt. 4</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1320">S.I. 2012/1320</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1320/article/4/1/c">art. 4(1)(c)</ref>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1320/article/4/1/d">(d)</ref>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1320/article/4/2">(2)</ref>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1320/article/4/3">(3)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/1320/article/5">art. 5</ref>
) (see S.I. 2012/2574, art. 4(2) and
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/1103">S.I. 2013/1103</ref>
, art. 4);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/2574">S.I. 2012/2574</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/2574/article/2/2">art. 2(2)</ref>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/2574/article/2/3">(3)</ref>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/2574/article/2/c/d">(c)(d)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/2574/schedule">Sch.</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/2574/article/3">arts. 3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/2574/article/4">4</ref>
) (as amended (4.11.2012) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/2761">S.I. 2012/2761</ref>
, art. 2) (with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/1103">S.I. 2013/1103</ref>
, art. 4);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/1103">S.I. 2013/1103</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/1103/article/2/1/c">art. 2(1)(c)</ref>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/1103/article/2/1/d">(d)</ref>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/1103/article/2/2">(2)</ref>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/1103/article/2/3">(3)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/1103/article/3">arts. 3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/1103/article/4">4</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="key-dc304f967416f2297fbe1dbcc4988b01">
<p>
S. 28 in force at 30.12.2013 for specified purposes by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/3236">S.I. 2013/3236</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/3236/article/2/1">art. 2(1)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-032f35d833622c0293fef175f44c0bed">
<p>
Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) (20.10.2014) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12">Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 (c. 12)</ref>
,
<rref from="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/31/1" upTo="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/31/3">s. 31(1)-(3)</rref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/185/1">185(1)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/21">ss. 21</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/33">33</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/42">42</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/58">58</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/75">75</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/93">93</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2014/2590">S.I. 2014/2590</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2014/2590/article/3/a">art. 3(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-99ba9a5a5d13cddaf11cee2be17e9e5b">
<p>
Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) (23.3.2015) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12">Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 (c. 12)</ref>
,
<rref from="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/16/1" upTo="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/16/3">s. 16(1)-(3)</rref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/185/1">185(1)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/21">ss. 21</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/33">33</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/42">42</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/58">58</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/75">75</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/93">93</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/373">S.I. 2015/373</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/373/article/4/a">art. 4(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-252cef900c9acf90ad53857e2d516dfa">
<p>
Words in s. 25(4)(a) substituted (31.7.2015) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2015/30">Modern Slavery Act 2015 (c. 30)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2015/30/section/46/3">ss. 46(3)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2015/30/section/61/1">61(1)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/1476">S.I. 2015/1476</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/1476/regulation/2/e">reg. 2(e)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/1476/regulation/3">regs. 3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/1476/regulation/6">6</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/1476/regulation/8">8</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-6b2247a720b99d48bdd0a6035145c02b">
<p>
Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) (26.5.2016) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2016/2">Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (c. 2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2016/2/section/33/1">s. 33(1)</ref>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2016/2/section/33/2">(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2016/2/section/63/2">63(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2016/553">S.I. 2016/553</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2016/553/regulation/2">reg. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="key-76b605da514180ae9546458016e0c723">
<p>
S. 28 in force at 2.1.2017 for specified purposes by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2016/1201">S.I. 2016/1201</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2016/1201/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="M_M_add84f7d-5706-4b62-b564-24d36d2f8891">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1980/43">1980 c. 43</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="key-c9ff07f2e8d2b36f093045de2594ecc9">
<p>
S. 28 in force at 3.6.2019 for specified purposes by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2019/947">S.I. 2019/947</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2019/947/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="key-d771bc3fde8e10d748a7ea572ab406c8">
<p>
S. 28 in force at 24.2.2020 for specified purposes by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/155">S.I. 2020/155</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/155/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="key-17254dd2ca534a2334dff862eb5cd2fa">
<p>
S. 28 in force at 24.8.2020 for specified purposes by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/888">S.I. 2020/888</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/888/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="key-f0cf5be73b87b4a0287bc0b5de397956">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28">S. 28</ref>
in force at 26.10.2020 for specified purposes by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/1159">S.I. 2020/1159</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/1159/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="key-11c21205529666c9f22d8a3adbfcfb19">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28">S. 28</ref>
in force at 23.11.2020 for specified purposes by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/1331">S.I. 2020/1331</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/1331/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-606b720f2eac7664c30991ced706f670">
<p>
Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) (1.12.2020) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17">Sentencing Act 2020 (c. 17)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/section/340/1">ss. 340(1)</ref>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/section/340/2">(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/section/416/1">416(1)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/section/2">ss. 2</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/section/398/1">398(1)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/section/406">406</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2020/17/schedule/27">Sch. 27</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/1236">S.I. 2020/1236</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/1236/regulation/2">reg. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="key-2e07771131c68d353df478271c9755e7">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28">S. 28</ref>
in force at 4.3.2021 for specified purposes by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2021/244">S.I. 2021/244</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2021/244/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="key-f78c054daf79683406c94c5768cbccba">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28">S. 28</ref>
in force at 30.9.2021 for specified purposes by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2021/1036">S.I. 2021/1036</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2021/1036/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="key-33e5b42fe151d706345f519136520dbc">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28">S. 28</ref>
in force at 31.3.2022 for specified purposes by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2022/456">S.I. 2022/456</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2022/456/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="key-f8c0c6ff7177c20bcd641fa7b2b13761">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28">S. 28</ref>
in force at 4.4.2022 for specified purposes by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2022/456">S.I. 2022/456</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2022/456/article/3">art. 3</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="key-08a50fa319dcedaed98fb8c62d05ea92">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28">S. 28</ref>
in force at 11.4.2022 for specified purposes by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2022/456">S.I. 2022/456</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2022/456/article/4">art. 4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="key-9e31b5068364045c485010ece9469c86">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1999/23/section/28">S. 28</ref>
in force at 12.5.2022 for specified purposes by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2022/536">S.I. 2022/536</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2022/536/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
</notes>
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<portionBody period="#period6">
<part eId="part-II" period="#period7">
<num>Part II</num>
<heading> Giving of evidence or information for purposes of criminal proceedings</heading>
<chapter eId="part-II-chapter-I" period="#period7">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c9545671" marker="C1" class="commentary C"/>
<noteRef href="#key-ee7a2388e815a0ac000c93ec976dd0ea" marker="C2" class="commentary C"/>
<noteRef href="#key-032f35d833622c0293fef175f44c0bed" marker="C17" class="commentary C"/>
<noteRef href="#key-99ba9a5a5d13cddaf11cee2be17e9e5b" marker="C18" class="commentary C"/>
<noteRef href="#key-6b2247a720b99d48bdd0a6035145c02b" marker="C19" class="commentary C"/>
<noteRef href="#key-606b720f2eac7664c30991ced706f670" marker="C20" class="commentary C"/>
Chapter I
</num>
<heading> Special measures directions in case of vulnerable and intimidated witnesses</heading>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="part-II-chapter-I-crossheading-special-measures" period="#period7">
<heading> Special measures</heading>
<section eId="section-23" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c9545761" marker="I1" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-2188974d75e722db3a4b9c6721c4a5d2" marker="C5" class="commentary C"/>
23
</num>
<heading> Screening witness from accused.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-23-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>A special measures direction may provide for the witness, while giving testimony or being sworn in court, to be prevented by means of a screen or other arrangement from seeing the accused.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-23-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>But the screen or other arrangement must not prevent the witness from being able to see, and to be seen by—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-23-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>the judge or justices (or both) and the jury (if there is one);</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-23-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>legal representatives acting in the proceedings; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-23-2-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>any interpreter or other person appointed (in pursuance of the direction or otherwise) to assist the witness.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-23-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Where two or more legal representatives are acting for a party to the proceedings, subsection (2)(b) is to be regarded as satisfied in relation to those representatives if the witness is able at all material times to see and be seen by at least one of them.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-24" period="#period3">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c9545771" marker="I2" class="commentary I"/>
24
</num>
<heading> Evidence by live link.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-24-1" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-efa19634a7638a1b6b70764cab269be3" marker="C13" class="commentary C"/>
1
</num>
<content>
<p>A special measures direction may provide for the witness to give evidence by means of a live link.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-24-1A">
<num>
<ins class="key-e647f88090f67ea2bbcd671edfc322e7-1564661575198 first">
<noteRef href="#key-e647f88090f67ea2bbcd671edfc322e7" marker="F7" class="commentary attribute F"/>
1A
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-e647f88090f67ea2bbcd671edfc322e7-1564661575198">Such a direction may also provide for a specified person to accompany the witness while the witness is giving evidence by live link.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-24-1B">
<num>
<ins class="key-e647f88090f67ea2bbcd671edfc322e7-1564661575198">1B</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-e647f88090f67ea2bbcd671edfc322e7-1564661575198 last">In determining who may accompany the witness, the court must have regard to the wishes of the witness.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-24-2" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-efa19634a7638a1b6b70764cab269be3" marker="C13" class="commentary C"/>
2
</num>
<content>
<p>Where a direction provides for the witness to give evidence by means of a live link, the witness may not give evidence in any other way without the permission of the court.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-24-3" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-efa19634a7638a1b6b70764cab269be3" marker="C13" class="commentary C"/>
3
</num>
<intro>
<p>The court may give permission for the purposes of subsection (2) if it appears to the court to be in the interests of justice to do so, and may do so either—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-24-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>on an application by a party to the proceedings, if there has been a material change of circumstances since the relevant time, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-24-3-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>of its own motion.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-24-4" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-efa19634a7638a1b6b70764cab269be3" marker="C13" class="commentary C"/>
4
</num>
<intro>
<p>
In subsection (3) “
<term refersTo="#term-the-relevant-time">the relevant time</term>
” means—
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-24-4-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>the time when the direction was given, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-24-4-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>if a previous application has been made under that subsection, the time when the application (or last application) was made.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-24-5" period="#period1">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-b821f74a88d5bc6cb6ceed7cf47b5b1a" marker="F6" class="commentary F"/>
5
</num>
<content>
<p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-24-6" period="#period1">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-b821f74a88d5bc6cb6ceed7cf47b5b1a" marker="F6" class="commentary F"/>
6
</num>
<content>
<p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-24-7" period="#period1">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-b821f74a88d5bc6cb6ceed7cf47b5b1a" marker="F6" class="commentary F"/>
7
</num>
<content>
<p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-24-8" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-e651f1f931bda1c494ff87c0daa1704b" marker="C8" class="commentary C"/>
8
</num>
<content>
<p>
In this Chapter “
<term refersTo="#term-live-link">live link</term>
” means a live television link or other arrangement whereby a witness, while absent from the courtroom or other place where the proceedings are being held, is able to see and hear a person there and to be seen and heard by the persons specified in section 23(2)(a) to (c).
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-25" period="#period5">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c9545801" marker="I3" class="commentary I"/>
25
</num>
<heading> Evidence given in private.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-25-1" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-2d4a164e77c90a60132bee1d387fa0fd" marker="C14" class="commentary C"/>
1
</num>
<content>
<p>A special measures direction may provide for the exclusion from the court, during the giving of the witness’s evidence, of persons of any description specified in the direction.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-25-2" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-2d4a164e77c90a60132bee1d387fa0fd" marker="C14" class="commentary C"/>
2
</num>
<intro>
<p>The persons who may be so excluded do not include—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-25-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>the accused,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-25-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>legal representatives acting in the proceedings, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-25-2-c">
<num>c</num>
<content>
<p>any interpreter or other person appointed (in pursuance of the direction or otherwise) to assist the witness.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-25-3" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-2d4a164e77c90a60132bee1d387fa0fd" marker="C14" class="commentary C"/>
3
</num>
<intro>
<p>A special measures direction providing for representatives of news gathering or reporting organisations to be so excluded shall be expressed not to apply to one named person who—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-25-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>is a representative of such an organisation, and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-25-3-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>has been nominated for the purpose by one or more such organisations,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>unless it appears to the court that no such nomination has been made.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-25-4" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-39b5bf86b72335ff7a094385f6c1f60c" marker="C4" class="commentary C"/>
4
</num>
<intro>
<p>A special measures direction may only provide for the exclusion of persons under this section where—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-25-4-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>
the proceedings relate to a sexual offence
<ins class="key-9a129d421aad57e96b0c9b0b86321007-1567423805081 first">
<noteRef href="#key-9a129d421aad57e96b0c9b0b86321007" marker="F16" class="commentary attribute F"/>
or an offence under
</ins>
<ins class="key-9a129d421aad57e96b0c9b0b86321007-1567423805081 last">
<ins class="substitution key-252cef900c9acf90ad53857e2d516dfa-1567438456590 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-252cef900c9acf90ad53857e2d516dfa" marker="F18" class="commentary attribute F"/>
section 1 or 2 of the Modern Slavery Act 2015
</ins>
</ins>
; or
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-25-4-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>it appears to the court that there are reasonable grounds for believing that any person other than the accused has sought, or will seek, to intimidate the witness in connection with testifying in the proceedings.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-25-5" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-140882ec16cd34aa117640d6bf8e0371" marker="C9" class="commentary C"/>
5
</num>
<content>
<p>Any proceedings from which persons are excluded under this section (whether or not those persons include representatives of news gathering or reporting organisations) shall nevertheless be taken to be held in public for the purposes of any privilege or exemption from liability available in respect of fair, accurate and contemporaneous reports of legal proceedings held in public.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-26" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c9545811" marker="I4" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-5d27608f424f6545b8a25f2e9a4cf9d2" marker="C6" class="commentary C"/>
26
</num>
<heading> Removal of wigs and gowns.</heading>
<content>
<p>A special measures direction may provide for the wearing of wigs or gowns to be dispensed with during the giving of the witness’s evidence.</p>
</content>
</section>
<section eId="section-27" period="#period4">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c9545821" marker="I5" class="commentary I"/>
27
</num>
<heading> Video recorded evidence in chief.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-27-1" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-b613e0a26e30dd02e128adbcb2b65c5c" marker="C10" class="commentary C"/>
1
</num>
<content>
<p>A special measures direction may provide for a video recording of an interview of the witness to be admitted as evidence in chief of the witness.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-27-2" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-b3b64821c6829f7e0b4e9e08e67713ba" marker="C15" class="commentary C"/>
2
</num>
<content>
<p>A special measures direction may, however, not provide for a video recording, or a part of such a recording, to be admitted under this section if the court is of the opinion, having regard to all the circumstances of the case, that in the interests of justice the recording, or that part of it, should not be so admitted.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-27-3" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-b3b64821c6829f7e0b4e9e08e67713ba" marker="C15" class="commentary C"/>
3
</num>
<content>
<p>In considering for the purposes of subsection (2) whether any part of a recording should not be admitted under this section, the court must consider whether any prejudice to the accused which might result from that part being so admitted is outweighed by the desirability of showing the whole, or substantially the whole, of the recorded interview.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-27-4" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-b3b64821c6829f7e0b4e9e08e67713ba" marker="C15" class="commentary C"/>
4
</num>
<intro>
<p>Where a special measures direction provides for a recording to be admitted under this section, the court may nevertheless subsequently direct that it is not to be so admitted if—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-27-4-a">
<num>a</num>
<intro>
<p>it appears to the court that—</p>
</intro>
<subparagraph eId="section-27-4-a-i">
<num>i</num>
<content>
<p>the witness will not be available for cross-examination (whether conducted in the ordinary way or in accordance with any such direction), and</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="section-27-4-a-ii">
<num>ii</num>
<content>
<p>the parties to the proceedings have not agreed that there is no need for the witness to be so available; or</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-27-4-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>
any
<ins class="substitution key-aad4660ac8bb63476d139291b58d68bb-1547036151604 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-aad4660ac8bb63476d139291b58d68bb" marker="F1" class="commentary attribute F"/>
Criminal Procedure Rules
</ins>
requiring disclosure of the circumstances in which the recording was made have not been complied with to the satisfaction of the court.
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-27-5" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-b3b64821c6829f7e0b4e9e08e67713ba" marker="C15" class="commentary C"/>
5
</num>
<intro>
<p>Where a recording is admitted under this section—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-27-5-a">
<num>a</num>
<intro>
<p>the witness must be called by the party tendering it in evidence, unless—</p>
</intro>
<subparagraph eId="section-27-5-a-i">
<num>i</num>
<content>
<p>
a special measures direction provides for the witness’s evidence on cross-examination to be given
<ins class="substitution key-497b0f669c496a7ea7864db9c12d7c4f-1564661858141 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-497b0f669c496a7ea7864db9c12d7c4f" marker="F11" class="commentary attribute F"/>
in any recording admissible under section 28
</ins>
, or
</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
<subparagraph eId="section-27-5-a-ii">
<num>ii</num>
<content>
<p>the parties to the proceedings have agreed as mentioned in subsection (4)(a)(ii); and</p>
</content>
</subparagraph>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-27-5-b">
<num>
<ins class="substitution key-596724b193fd941b0a5d17b5030c1229-1564662259431 first">
<noteRef href="#key-596724b193fd941b0a5d17b5030c1229" marker="F12" class="commentary attribute F"/>
b
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="substitution key-596724b193fd941b0a5d17b5030c1229-1564662259431 last">the witness may not without the permission of the court give evidence in chief otherwise than by means of the recording as to any matter which, in the opinion of the court, is dealt with in the witness's recorded testimony.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-27-6" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-b3b64821c6829f7e0b4e9e08e67713ba" marker="C15" class="commentary C"/>
6
</num>
<content>
<p>Where in accordance with subsection (2) a special measures direction provides for part only of a recording to be admitted under this section, references in subsections (4) and (5) to the recording or to the witness’s recorded testimony are references to the part of the recording or testimony which is to be so admitted.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-27-7" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-b3b64821c6829f7e0b4e9e08e67713ba" marker="C15" class="commentary C"/>
7
</num>
<intro>
<p>
The court may give permission for the purposes of subsection
<ins class="substitution key-1d072d6f7c7942e48c2beae6632af36b-1564662321779 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-1d072d6f7c7942e48c2beae6632af36b" marker="F13" class="commentary attribute F"/>
subsection (5)(b)
</ins>
if it appears to the court to be in the interests of justice to do so, and may do so either—
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-27-7-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>
on an application by a party to the proceedings,
<noteRef href="#key-e69fb1588a614b0af21f6e2a527be02a" marker="F15" class="commentary F"/>
... or
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-27-7-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>of its own motion.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-27-8" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-2a8129319a7a140e53def45e007f5300" marker="F14" class="commentary F"/>
8
</num>
<content>
<p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-27-9" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-b3b64821c6829f7e0b4e9e08e67713ba" marker="C15" class="commentary C"/>
9
</num>
<content>
<p>
The court may, in giving permission for the purposes of
<ins class="substitution key-0b28021133b79c3c6253ac281255001c-1564661701277 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-0b28021133b79c3c6253ac281255001c" marker="F9" class="commentary attribute F"/>
subsection (5)(b)
</ins>
, direct that the evidence in question is to be given by the witness by means of a live link;
<noteRef href="#key-d742490da1cbae195ff71406ceea3a0c" marker="F10" class="commentary F"/>
....
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-27-9A">
<num>
<ins class="key-a4e6ff322c69216ca4f185bc9d20bd9e-1564661666455 first">
<noteRef href="#key-a4e6ff322c69216ca4f185bc9d20bd9e" marker="F8" class="commentary attribute F"/>
9A
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-a4e6ff322c69216ca4f185bc9d20bd9e-1564661666455 last">If the court directs under subsection (9) that evidence is to be given by live link, it may also make such provision in that direction as it could make under section 24(1A) in a special measures direction.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-27-10" period="#period4">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-005d5ca901ca8f03ed25e161f867697b" marker="F17" class="commentary F"/>
<ins class="M_F_1cece007-392a-46e5-dd78-944207a9354c-1567628237437 first">10</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="M_F_1cece007-392a-46e5-dd78-944207a9354c-1567628237437">A magistrates’ court inquiring into an offence as examining justices under section 6 of the </ins>
<noteRef href="#M_M_add84f7d-5706-4b62-b564-24d36d2f8891" marker="M2" class="commentary M"/>
<ins class="M_F_1cece007-392a-46e5-dd78-944207a9354c-1567628237437 last">Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 may consider any video recording in relation to which it is proposed to apply for a special measures direction providing for it to be admitted at the trial in accordance with this section.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-27-11" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-ac7e1b65446712c219876952580bc4b3" marker="C11" class="commentary C"/>
11
</num>
<content>
<p>Nothing in this section affects the admissibility of any video recording which would be admissible apart from this section.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-28" period="#period8">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c9545841" marker="I6" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-dc304f967416f2297fbe1dbcc4988b01" marker="I10" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-76b605da514180ae9546458016e0c723" marker="I11" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-c9ff07f2e8d2b36f093045de2594ecc9" marker="I12" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-d771bc3fde8e10d748a7ea572ab406c8" marker="I13" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-17254dd2ca534a2334dff862eb5cd2fa" marker="I14" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-f0cf5be73b87b4a0287bc0b5de397956" marker="I15" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-11c21205529666c9f22d8a3adbfcfb19" marker="I16" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-2e07771131c68d353df478271c9755e7" marker="I17" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-f78c054daf79683406c94c5768cbccba" marker="I18" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-33e5b42fe151d706345f519136520dbc" marker="I19" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-f8c0c6ff7177c20bcd641fa7b2b13761" marker="I20" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-08a50fa319dcedaed98fb8c62d05ea92" marker="I21" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-9e31b5068364045c485010ece9469c86" marker="I22" class="commentary I"/>
28
</num>
<heading> Video recorded cross-examination or re-examination.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-28-1">
<num>1</num>
<intro>
<p>Where a special measures direction provides for a video recording to be admitted under section 27 as evidence in chief of the witness, the direction may also provide—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-28-1-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>for any cross-examination of the witness, and any re-examination, to be recorded by means of a video recording; and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-28-1-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>for such a recording to be admitted, so far as it relates to any such cross-examination or re-examination, as evidence of the witness under cross-examination or on re-examination, as the case may be.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-28-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>
Such a recording must be made in the presence of such persons as
<ins class="substitution key-a7028487d66640aab6789d8524c8d50b-1547037556753 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-a7028487d66640aab6789d8524c8d50b" marker="F2" class="commentary attribute F"/>
Criminal Procedure Rules
</ins>
or the direction may provide and in the absence of the accused, but in circumstances in which—
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-28-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>the judge or justices (or both) and legal representatives acting in the proceedings are able to see and hear the examination of the witness and to communicate with the persons in whose presence the recording is being made, and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-28-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>the accused is able to see and hear any such examination and to communicate with any legal representative acting for him.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-28-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Where two or more legal representatives are acting for a party to the proceedings, subsection (2)(a) and (b) are to be regarded as satisfied in relation to those representatives if at all material times they are satisfied in relation to at least one of them.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-28-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>
Where a special measures direction provides for a recording to be admitted under this section, the court may nevertheless subsequently direct that it is not to be so admitted if any requirement of subsection (2) or
<ins class="substitution key-87ef3f6e8aa44468d081e9a7394d22d7-1547037593483 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-87ef3f6e8aa44468d081e9a7394d22d7" marker="F3" class="commentary attribute F"/>
Criminal Procedure Rules
</ins>
or the direction has not been complied with to the satisfaction of the court.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-28-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>Where in pursuance of subsection (1) a recording has been made of any examination of the witness, the witness may not be subsequently cross-examined or re-examined in respect of any evidence given by the witness in the proceedings (whether in any recording admissible under section 27 or this section or otherwise than in such a recording) unless the court gives a further special measures direction making such provision as is mentioned in subsection (1)(a) and (b) in relation to any subsequent cross-examination, and re-examination, of the witness.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-28-6">
<num>6</num>
<intro>
<p>The court may only give such a further direction if it appears to the court—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-28-6-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>that the proposed cross-examination is sought by a party to the proceedings as a result of that party having become aware, since the time when the original recording was made in pursuance of subsection (1), of a matter which that party could not with reasonable diligence have ascertained by then, or</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-28-6-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>that for any other reason it is in the interests of justice to give the further direction.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-28-7">
<num>7</num>
<content>
<p>Nothing in this section shall be read as applying in relation to any cross-examination of the witness by the accused in person (in a case where the accused is to be able to conduct any such cross-examination).</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-29" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c9545851" marker="I7" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-ad998c60c735dfb76c6edbb0682f4241" marker="I9" class="commentary I"/>
29
</num>
<heading> Examination of witness through intermediary.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-29-1" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-5c750786be6393483cf14f1ea3fa5bbc" marker="C12" class="commentary C"/>
1
</num>
<content>
<p>
A special measures direction may provide for any examination of the witness (however and wherever conducted) to be conducted through an interpreter or other person approved by the court for the purposes of this section (“
<term refersTo="#term-an-intermediary">an intermediary</term>
”).
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-29-2" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-5c750786be6393483cf14f1ea3fa5bbc" marker="C12" class="commentary C"/>
2
</num>
<intro>
<p>The function of an intermediary is to communicate—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-29-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>to the witness, questions put to the witness, and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-29-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>to any person asking such questions, the answers given by the witness in reply to them,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>and to explain such questions or answers so far as necessary to enable them to be understood by the witness or person in question.</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-29-3" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-e8086b96390ffb03c32888369a696ed0" marker="C3" class="commentary C"/>
3
</num>
<intro>
<p>
Any examination of the witness in pursuance of subsection (1) must take place in the presence of such persons as
<ins class="substitution key-4e8b738e1d37263f1170605cd55c4a2d-1547037755741 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-4e8b738e1d37263f1170605cd55c4a2d" marker="F4" class="commentary attribute F"/>
Criminal Procedure Rules
</ins>
or the direction may provide, but in circumstances in which—
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-29-3-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>the judge or justices (or both) and legal representatives acting in the proceedings are able to see and hear the examination of the witness and to communicate with the intermediary, and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-29-3-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>(except in the case of a video recorded examination) the jury (if there is one) are able to see and hear the examination of the witness.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-29-4" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-e8086b96390ffb03c32888369a696ed0" marker="C3" class="commentary C"/>
4
</num>
<content>
<p>Where two or more legal representatives are acting for a party to the proceedings, subsection (3)(a) is to be regarded as satisfied in relation to those representatives if at all material times it is satisfied in relation to at least one of them.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-29-5" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-924f411c5ee6ccfc5edf1c660d494200" marker="C16" class="commentary C"/>
5
</num>
<content>
<p>
A person may not act as an intermediary in a particular case except after making a declaration, in such form as may be prescribed by
<ins class="substitution key-8f72d946b38508f4791128d95213121a-1547037779340 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-8f72d946b38508f4791128d95213121a" marker="F5" class="commentary attribute F"/>
Criminal Procedure Rules
</ins>
, that he will faithfully perform his function as intermediary.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-29-6" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-924f411c5ee6ccfc5edf1c660d494200" marker="C16" class="commentary C"/>
6
</num>
<intro>
<p>Subsection (1) does not apply to an interview of the witness which is recorded by means of a video recording with a view to its admission as evidence in chief of the witness; but a special measures direction may provide for such a recording to be admitted under section 27 if the interview was conducted through an intermediary and—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-29-6-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>that person complied with subsection (5) before the interview began, and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-29-6-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>the court’s approval for the purposes of this section is given before the direction is given.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-29-7" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#key-924f411c5ee6ccfc5edf1c660d494200" marker="C16" class="commentary C"/>
7
</num>
<content>
<p>
Section 1 of the
<noteRef href="#c9545861" marker="M1" class="commentary M"/>
Perjury Act 1911 (perjury) shall apply in relation to a person acting as an intermediary as it applies in relation to a person lawfully sworn as an interpreter in a judicial proceeding; and for this purpose, where a person acts as an intermediary in any proceeding which is not a judicial proceeding for the purposes of that section, that proceeding shall be taken to be part of the judicial proceeding in which the witness’s evidence is given.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-30" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c9545871" marker="I8" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-c4d0c0c7eafc388091f3deb227f75737" marker="C7" class="commentary C"/>
30
</num>
<heading> Aids to communication.</heading>
<content>
<p>A special measures direction may provide for the witness, while giving evidence (whether by testimony in court or otherwise), to be provided with such device as the court considers appropriate with a view to enabling questions or answers to be communicated to or by the witness despite any disability or disorder or other impairment which the witness has or suffers from.</p>
</content>
</section>
</hcontainer>
</chapter>
</part>
</portionBody>
</portion>
</akomaNtoso>