S. 31 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 31 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(b)

1911 c. 6.

S. 32 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 32 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(b)

S. 33 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt.II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 33 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by S.I. 2002/1739 {art. 2(b)}

Pt. 2 Chs. 1-3 amended (1.9.2001) by 2001 c. 17, s. 57(2) (with ss. 56(2), 63(2), 78); S.I. 2001/2161, art. 2

Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) by 1998 c. 37, s. 1I(2)(3) (as inserted (1.7.2005) by Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (c. 15), ss. 143, 178(8); S.I. 2005/1521, art. 3(1)(s))

Words in s. 32 inserted (24.7.2006) by Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44), s. 336(3)(4), Sch. 36 para. 75; S.I. 2006/1835, art. 2(h)

S. 31 applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083), arts. 1, 3, 4

S. 33 applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083), arts. 1, 3, 4

S. 33(5)(6) inserted (6.4.2013) by The Trafficking People for Exploitation Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/554), reg. 1(b), Sch. para. 4 (with Sch. para. 6)

Words in s. 33(5) substituted (18.12.2013) by The Special Measures for Child Witnesses (Sexual Offences) Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/2971), regs. 1(b), 2(a)

S. 33(6) substituted (18.12.2013) by The Special Measures for Child Witnesses (Sexual Offences) Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/2971), regs. 1(b), 2(b)

Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) (20.10.2014) by Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 (c. 12), s. 31(1)-(3), 185(1) (with ss. 21, 33, 42, 58, 75, 93); S.I. 2014/2590, art. 3(a)

Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) (23.3.2015) by Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 (c. 12), s. 16(1)-(3), 185(1) (with ss. 21, 33, 42, 58, 75, 93); S.I. 2015/373, art. 4(a)

Words in s. 33(6)(d) substituted (31.7.2015) by Modern Slavery Act 2015 (c. 30), ss. 46(4), 61(1); S.I. 2015/1476, reg. 2(e) (with regs. 3, 6, 8)

Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) (26.5.2016) by Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (c. 2), s. 33(1)(2), 63(2); S.I. 2016/553, reg. 2

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/23/part/II/chapter/I/crossheading/supplementary/2020-08-24Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999An Act to provide for the referral of offenders under 18 to youth offender panels; to make provision in connection with the giving of evidence or information for the purposes of criminal proceedings; to amend section 51 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994; to make pre-consolidation amendments relating to youth justice; and for connected purposes.1999-08-06texttext/xmlenStatute Law Database2024-05-17Expert Participation2020-08-24Part II Giving of evidence or information for purposes of criminal proceedingsChapter I Special measures directions in case of vulnerable and intimidated witnesses Supplementary
31 Status of evidence given under Chapter I.1

Subsections (2) to (4) apply to a statement made by a witness in criminal proceedings which, in accordance with a special measures direction, is not made by the witness in direct oral testimony in court but forms part of the witness’s evidence in those proceedings.

2

The statement shall be treated as if made by the witness in direct oral testimony in court; and accordingly—

a

it is admissible evidence of any fact of which such testimony from the witness would be admissible;

b

it is not capable of corroborating any other evidence given by the witness.

3

Subsection (2) applies to a statement admitted under section 27 or 28 which is not made by the witness on oath even though it would have been required to be made on oath if made by the witness in direct oral testimony in court.

4

In estimating the weight (if any) to be attached to the statement, the court must have regard to all the circumstances from which an inference can reasonably be drawn (as to the accuracy of the statement or otherwise).

5

Nothing in this Chapter (apart from subsection (3)) affects the operation of any rule of law relating to evidence in criminal proceedings.

6

Where any statement made by a person on oath in any proceeding which is not a judicial proceeding for the purposes of section 1 of the Perjury Act 1911 (perjury) is received in evidence in pursuance of a special measures direction, that proceeding shall be taken for the purposes of that section to be part of the judicial proceeding in which the statement is so received in evidence.

7

Where in any proceeding which is not a judicial proceeding for the purposes of that Act—

a

a person wilfully makes a false statement otherwise than on oath which is subsequently received in evidence in pursuance of a special measures direction, and

b

the statement is made in such circumstances that had it been given on oath in any such judicial proceeding that person would have been guilty of perjury,

he shall be guilty of an offence and liable to any punishment which might be imposed on conviction of an offence under section 57(2) (giving of false unsworn evidence in criminal proceedings).

8

In this section “statement” includes any representation of fact, whether made in words or otherwise.

32 Warning to jury.

Where on a trial on indictment with a jury evidence has been given in accordance with a special measures direction, the judge must give the jury such warning (if any) as the judge considers necessary to ensure that the fact that the direction was given in relation to the witness does not prejudice the accused.

33 Interpretation etc. of Chapter I.1

In this Chapter—

eligible witness” means a witness eligible for assistance by virtue of section 16 or 17;

live link” has the meaning given by section 24(8);

quality”, in relation to the evidence of a witness, shall be construed in accordance with section 16(5);

special measures direction” means (in accordance with section 19(5)) a direction under section 19.

2

In this Chapter references to the special measures available in relation to a witness shall be construed in accordance with section 18.

3

In this Chapter references to a person being able to see or hear, or be seen or heard by, another person are to be read as not applying to the extent that either of them is unable to see or hear by reason of any impairment of eyesight or hearing.

4

In the case of any proceedings in which there is more than one accused—

a

any reference to the accused in sections 23 to 28 may be taken by a court, in connection with the giving of a special measures direction, as a reference to all or any of the accused, as the court may determine, and

b

any such direction may be given on the basis of any such determination.

5

For the purposes of this Chapter as it applies in relation to a witness who is the complainant in respect of a relevant offence, where the age of the witness is uncertain and there are reasons to believe that the witness is under the age of 18, that witness is presumed to be under the age of 18.

6

In subsection (5) “relevant offence” means—

a

a sexual offence;

b

an offence under section 1 of the Protection of Children Act 1978;

c

an offence under section 160 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988;

d

an offence under section 1 or 2 of the Modern Slavery Act 2015.

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<note class="commentary I" eId="c9545881">
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S. 31 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 31 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739">S.I. 2002/1739</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/b">art. 2(b)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary M" eId="c9545891">
<p>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1911/6">1911 c. 6</ref>
.
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="c9545901">
<p>
S. 32 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt. II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 32 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739">S.I. 2002/1739</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739/article/2/b">art. 2(b)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary I" eId="c9545911">
<p>
S. 33 wholly in force at 24.7.2002; Pt.II Chs. 1-4 (ss. 16-52) in force for certain purposes at Royal Assent, see s. 68(4); s. 33 in force in so far as not already in force at 24.7.2002 by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2002/1739">S.I. 2002/1739</ref>
{art. 2(b)}
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="c9545671">
<p>
Pt. 2 Chs. 1-3 amended (1.9.2001) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2001/17">2001 c. 17</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2001/17/section/57/2">s. 57(2)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2001/17/section/56/2">ss. 56(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2001/17/section/63/2">63(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2001/17/section/78">78</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2001/2161">S.I. 2001/2161</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2001/2161/article/2">art. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-ee7a2388e815a0ac000c93ec976dd0ea">
<p>
Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) by 1998 c. 37, s. 1I(2)(3) (as inserted (1.7.2005) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2005/15">Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (c. 15)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2005/15/section/143">ss. 143</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2005/15/section/178/8">178(8)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2005/1521">S.I. 2005/1521</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2005/1521/article/3/1/s">art. 3(1)(s)</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-b14d5bfe9e562cd260529c1c671be532">
<p>
Words in s. 32 inserted (24.7.2006) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/44">Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/44/section/336/3">s. 336(3)</ref>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/44/section/336/4">(4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/44/schedule/36/paragraph/75">Sch. 36 para. 75</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2006/1835">S.I. 2006/1835</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2006/1835/article/2/h">art. 2(h)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-477d2159f13ec8f25f399839c7a14442">
<p>
S. 31 applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083">The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/1">arts. 1</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/3">3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/4">4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-25e2b9eee7178c69716438a83947350b">
<p>
S. 33 applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083">The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (Application to Service Courts) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2083)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/1">arts. 1</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/3">3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2009/2083/article/4">4</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2">
<p>
S. 33(5)(6) inserted (6.4.2013) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/554">The Trafficking People for Exploitation Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/554)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/554/regulation/1/b">reg. 1(b)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/554/schedule/paragraph/4">Sch. para. 4</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/554/schedule/paragraph/6">Sch. para. 6</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-59ca5a9893a30dcba3d5002a66e2dc32">
<p>
Words in s. 33(5) substituted (18.12.2013) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/2971">The Special Measures for Child Witnesses (Sexual Offences) Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/2971)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/2971/regulation/1/b">regs. 1(b)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/2971/regulation/2/a">2(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-22cd4500828a0ce1bf1fe682f51d9853">
<p>
S. 33(6) substituted (18.12.2013) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/2971">The Special Measures for Child Witnesses (Sexual Offences) Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/2971)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/2971/regulation/1/b">regs. 1(b)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2013/2971/regulation/2/b">2(b)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-032f35d833622c0293fef175f44c0bed">
<p>
Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) (20.10.2014) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12">Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 (c. 12)</ref>
,
<rref from="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/31/1" upTo="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/31/3">s. 31(1)-(3)</rref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/185/1">185(1)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/21">ss. 21</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/33">33</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/42">42</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/58">58</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/75">75</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/93">93</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2014/2590">S.I. 2014/2590</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2014/2590/article/3/a">art. 3(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-99ba9a5a5d13cddaf11cee2be17e9e5b">
<p>
Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) (23.3.2015) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12">Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 (c. 12)</ref>
,
<rref from="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/16/1" upTo="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/16/3">s. 16(1)-(3)</rref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/185/1">185(1)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/21">ss. 21</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/33">33</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/42">42</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/58">58</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/75">75</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2014/12/section/93">93</ref>
);
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/373">S.I. 2015/373</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/373/article/4/a">art. 4(a)</ref>
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary F" eId="key-4b03de98e1d5c40c65dad4747dfb99b4">
<p>
Words in s. 33(6)(d) substituted (31.7.2015) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2015/30">Modern Slavery Act 2015 (c. 30)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2015/30/section/46/4">ss. 46(4)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2015/30/section/61/1">61(1)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/1476">S.I. 2015/1476</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/1476/regulation/2/e">reg. 2(e)</ref>
(with
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/1476/regulation/3">regs. 3</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/1476/regulation/6">6</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2015/1476/regulation/8">8</ref>
)
</p>
</note>
<note class="commentary C" eId="key-6b2247a720b99d48bdd0a6035145c02b">
<p>
Pt. 2 Ch. 1 applied (with modifications) (26.5.2016) by
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2016/2">Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (c. 2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2016/2/section/33/1">s. 33(1)</ref>
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2016/2/section/33/2">(2)</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2016/2/section/63/2">63(2)</ref>
;
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2016/553">S.I. 2016/553</ref>
,
<ref href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2016/553/regulation/2">reg. 2</ref>
</p>
</note>
</notes>
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<dc:title>Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999</dc:title>
<dc:description>An Act to provide for the referral of offenders under 18 to youth offender panels; to make provision in connection with the giving of evidence or information for the purposes of criminal proceedings; to amend section 51 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994; to make pre-consolidation amendments relating to youth justice; and for connected purposes.</dc:description>
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<portionBody period="#period4">
<part eId="part-II" period="#period5">
<num>Part II</num>
<heading> Giving of evidence or information for purposes of criminal proceedings</heading>
<chapter eId="part-II-chapter-I" period="#period5">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c9545671" marker="C1" class="commentary C"/>
<noteRef href="#key-ee7a2388e815a0ac000c93ec976dd0ea" marker="C2" class="commentary C"/>
<noteRef href="#key-032f35d833622c0293fef175f44c0bed" marker="C5" class="commentary C"/>
<noteRef href="#key-99ba9a5a5d13cddaf11cee2be17e9e5b" marker="C6" class="commentary C"/>
<noteRef href="#key-6b2247a720b99d48bdd0a6035145c02b" marker="C7" class="commentary C"/>
Chapter I
</num>
<heading> Special measures directions in case of vulnerable and intimidated witnesses</heading>
<hcontainer name="crossheading" eId="part-II-chapter-I-crossheading-supplementary" period="#period3">
<heading> Supplementary</heading>
<section eId="section-31" period="#period2">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c9545881" marker="I1" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-477d2159f13ec8f25f399839c7a14442" marker="C3" class="commentary C"/>
31
</num>
<heading> Status of evidence given under Chapter I.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-31-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>Subsections (2) to (4) apply to a statement made by a witness in criminal proceedings which, in accordance with a special measures direction, is not made by the witness in direct oral testimony in court but forms part of the witness’s evidence in those proceedings.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-31-2">
<num>2</num>
<intro>
<p>The statement shall be treated as if made by the witness in direct oral testimony in court; and accordingly—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-31-2-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>it is admissible evidence of any fact of which such testimony from the witness would be admissible;</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-31-2-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>it is not capable of corroborating any other evidence given by the witness.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-31-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>Subsection (2) applies to a statement admitted under section 27 or 28 which is not made by the witness on oath even though it would have been required to be made on oath if made by the witness in direct oral testimony in court.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-31-4">
<num>4</num>
<content>
<p>In estimating the weight (if any) to be attached to the statement, the court must have regard to all the circumstances from which an inference can reasonably be drawn (as to the accuracy of the statement or otherwise).</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-31-5">
<num>5</num>
<content>
<p>Nothing in this Chapter (apart from subsection (3)) affects the operation of any rule of law relating to evidence in criminal proceedings.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-31-6">
<num>6</num>
<content>
<p>
Where any statement made by a person on oath in any proceeding which is not a judicial proceeding for the purposes of section 1 of the
<noteRef href="#c9545891" marker="M1" class="commentary M"/>
Perjury Act 1911 (perjury) is received in evidence in pursuance of a special measures direction, that proceeding shall be taken for the purposes of that section to be part of the judicial proceeding in which the statement is so received in evidence.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-31-7">
<num>7</num>
<intro>
<p>Where in any proceeding which is not a judicial proceeding for the purposes of that Act—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-31-7-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>a person wilfully makes a false statement otherwise than on oath which is subsequently received in evidence in pursuance of a special measures direction, and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-31-7-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>the statement is made in such circumstances that had it been given on oath in any such judicial proceeding that person would have been guilty of perjury,</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<wrapUp>
<p>he shall be guilty of an offence and liable to any punishment which might be imposed on conviction of an offence under section 57(2) (giving of false unsworn evidence in criminal proceedings).</p>
</wrapUp>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-31-8">
<num>8</num>
<content>
<p>
In this section “
<term refersTo="#term-statement">statement</term>
” includes any representation of fact, whether made in words or otherwise.
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
</section>
<section eId="section-32" period="#period1">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c9545901" marker="I2" class="commentary I"/>
32
</num>
<heading> Warning to jury.</heading>
<content>
<p>
Where on a trial on indictment
<ins class="key-b14d5bfe9e562cd260529c1c671be532-1547053007713 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-b14d5bfe9e562cd260529c1c671be532" marker="F1" class="commentary attribute F"/>
with a jury
</ins>
evidence has been given in accordance with a special measures direction, the judge must give the jury such warning (if any) as the judge considers necessary to ensure that the fact that the direction was given in relation to the witness does not prejudice the accused.
</p>
</content>
</section>
<section eId="section-33" period="#period3">
<num>
<noteRef href="#c9545911" marker="I3" class="commentary I"/>
<noteRef href="#key-25e2b9eee7178c69716438a83947350b" marker="C4" class="commentary C"/>
33
</num>
<heading> Interpretation etc. of Chapter I.</heading>
<subsection eId="section-33-1">
<num>1</num>
<content>
<p>In this Chapter—</p>
<blockList class="unordered">
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-eligible-witness">eligible witness</term>
” means a witness eligible for assistance by virtue of section 16 or 17;
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-live-link">live link</term>
” has the meaning given by section 24(8);
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-quality">quality</term>
”, in relation to the evidence of a witness, shall be construed in accordance with section 16(5);
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
<term refersTo="#term-special-measures-direction">special measures direction</term>
” means (in accordance with section 19(5)) a direction under section 19.
</p>
</item>
</blockList>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-33-2">
<num>2</num>
<content>
<p>In this Chapter references to the special measures available in relation to a witness shall be construed in accordance with section 18.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-33-3">
<num>3</num>
<content>
<p>In this Chapter references to a person being able to see or hear, or be seen or heard by, another person are to be read as not applying to the extent that either of them is unable to see or hear by reason of any impairment of eyesight or hearing.</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-33-4">
<num>4</num>
<intro>
<p>In the case of any proceedings in which there is more than one accused—</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-33-4-a">
<num>a</num>
<content>
<p>any reference to the accused in sections 23 to 28 may be taken by a court, in connection with the giving of a special measures direction, as a reference to all or any of the accused, as the court may determine, and</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-33-4-b">
<num>b</num>
<content>
<p>any such direction may be given on the basis of any such determination.</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-33-5">
<num>
<ins class="key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2-1567425982621 first">
<noteRef href="#key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2" marker="F2" class="commentary attribute F"/>
5
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2-1567425982621">For the purposes of this Chapter as it applies in relation to a witness who is the complainant in respect of </ins>
<ins class="key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2-1567425982621">
<ins class="substitution key-59ca5a9893a30dcba3d5002a66e2dc32-1567427638324 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-59ca5a9893a30dcba3d5002a66e2dc32" marker="F3" class="commentary attribute F"/>
a relevant offence
</ins>
</ins>
<ins class="key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2-1567425982621">, where the age of the witness is uncertain and there are reasons to believe that the witness is under the age of 18, that witness is presumed to be under the age of 18.</ins>
</p>
</content>
</subsection>
<subsection eId="section-33-6">
<num>
<ins class="key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2-1567425982621">
<ins class="substitution key-22cd4500828a0ce1bf1fe682f51d9853-1567427725516 first">
<noteRef href="#key-22cd4500828a0ce1bf1fe682f51d9853" marker="F4" class="commentary attribute F"/>
6
</ins>
</ins>
</num>
<intro>
<p>
<ins class="key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2-1567425982621">
<ins class="substitution key-22cd4500828a0ce1bf1fe682f51d9853-1567427725516">In subsection (5) “relevant offence” means—</ins>
</ins>
</p>
</intro>
<paragraph eId="section-33-6-a">
<num>
<ins class="key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2-1567425982621">
<ins class="substitution key-22cd4500828a0ce1bf1fe682f51d9853-1567427725516">a</ins>
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2-1567425982621">
<ins class="substitution key-22cd4500828a0ce1bf1fe682f51d9853-1567427725516">a sexual offence;</ins>
</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-33-6-b">
<num>
<ins class="key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2-1567425982621">
<ins class="substitution key-22cd4500828a0ce1bf1fe682f51d9853-1567427725516">b</ins>
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2-1567425982621">
<ins class="substitution key-22cd4500828a0ce1bf1fe682f51d9853-1567427725516">an offence under section 1 of the Protection of Children Act 1978;</ins>
</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-33-6-c">
<num>
<ins class="key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2-1567425982621">
<ins class="substitution key-22cd4500828a0ce1bf1fe682f51d9853-1567427725516">c</ins>
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2-1567425982621">
<ins class="substitution key-22cd4500828a0ce1bf1fe682f51d9853-1567427725516">an offence under section 160 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988;</ins>
</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
<paragraph eId="section-33-6-d">
<num>
<ins class="key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2-1567425982621">
<ins class="substitution key-22cd4500828a0ce1bf1fe682f51d9853-1567427725516">d</ins>
</ins>
</num>
<content>
<p>
<ins class="key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2-1567425982621">
<ins class="substitution key-22cd4500828a0ce1bf1fe682f51d9853-1567427725516">an offence under </ins>
</ins>
<ins class="key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2-1567425982621">
<ins class="substitution key-22cd4500828a0ce1bf1fe682f51d9853-1567427725516">
<ins class="substitution key-4b03de98e1d5c40c65dad4747dfb99b4-1567438562693 first last">
<noteRef href="#key-4b03de98e1d5c40c65dad4747dfb99b4" marker="F5" class="commentary attribute F"/>
section 1 or 2 of the Modern Slavery Act 2015
</ins>
</ins>
</ins>
<ins class="key-6f486672fc1cb119adcccb4cb98778f2-1567425982621 last">
<ins class="substitution key-22cd4500828a0ce1bf1fe682f51d9853-1567427725516 last">.</ins>
</ins>
</p>
</content>
</paragraph>
</subsection>
</section>
</hcontainer>
</chapter>
</part>
</portionBody>
</portion>
</akomaNtoso>