Finance (No. 2) Act 2023

Chapter 1 U.K. Transitional safe harbour election

Election U.K.

3 (1) The filing member of a multinational group may elect that all of the standard members of the group located in a territory specified in the election do not have top-up amounts or additional top-up amounts for an accounting period.

(2) An election may only be made for an accounting period if—

(a) the period commences on or before 31 December 2026 and ends on or before 30 June 2028,

(b) a qualifying country-by-country report has been prepared in relation to the territory for the period,

(c) the election has been made in respect of the territory for each preceding accounting period—

(i) that commenced on or after 31 December 2023, and

(ii) in which the Pillar Two rules applied to members of the group in the territory,

(d) an election under section 189 (deemed distribution tax election) has not been made in respect of the territory for the accounting period, and

(e) at least one of the following tests are met for the territory in accounting period—

(i) the threshold test (see paragraph 7),

(ii) the simplified effective tax rate test (see paragraph 8), or

(iii) the routine profits test (see paragraph 9).

(3) An election may not be made in respect of the territory of the ultimate parent of a multinational group for an accounting period if the ultimate parent is a flow-through entity unless, were the adjusted profits of the ultimate parent determined for that period in accordance with Part 3—

(a) its adjusted profits would be nil as a result of the application of section 170 (adjustments for ultimate parent that is a flow-through entity), or

(b) all of the ultimate parent’s adjusted profits would be attributable to one or more permanent establishments (see section 159) and no amount of income or expense of any permanent establishment would be treated, as a result of section 160 (attribution of losses between permanent establishment and main entity), as income or expense of the ultimate parent.

(4) Where a multinational group was not a qualifying multinational group in an accounting period only as a result of not meeting condition B in section 129(3) (requirement that at least one member is located in the United Kingdom), the condition in sub-paragraph (2)(c) is to be treated as met in relation to that period if an election corresponding to an election under this paragraph has been made in respect of the territory for the purposes of a tax imposed by a Pillar Two territory that is equivalent to multinational top-up tax.

(5) Paragraph 2 of Schedule 15 (annual elections) applies to an election under this paragraph.

(6) The information return in which the election is made must set out which of the tests referred to in sub-paragraph (2)(e) are being relied on and include evidence of how any that is relied on is met.

(7) In this Part of this Schedule “qualifying country-by-country report” in relation to a territory means a country-by-country report in respect of a multinational group—

(a) that is in accordance with the OECD's guidance on country-by-country reporting (within the meaning of section 122 of FA 2015),

(b) that is filed in accordance with legislation implementing that guidance, and

(c) in which information relating to the territory is prepared on the basis of qualified financial statements of the multinational group (see paragraph 4).

(8) Reference to a qualifying country-by-country report in respect of a multinational group that is a multi-parent group is reference to a report in respect of all of the constituent groups.

Qualified financial statements and basis of calculations U.K.

4 (1) For the purposes of this Part of this Schedule “qualified financial statements” of a multinational group means—

(a) the accounts used to prepare the consolidated financial statement of the ultimate parent, or

(b) financial statements of members of the group prepared in accordance with acceptable accounting standards or an authorised accounting standard.

(2) Where a member of a multinational group is not included in consolidated financial statements of any member of the group on a line-by-line basis solely due to size or materiality grounds, the financial accounts of that member that are used for preparation of the group’s country-by-country report are to be regarded as forming part of the qualified financial statements of the group.

(3) For the purposes of establishing whether the tests in paragraphs 7 to 9 are met in relation to members of a multinational group in a territory, the basis for that determination is to be the information derived from qualified financial statements as to—

(a) revenue,

(b) profit (loss) before income tax, and

(c) qualifying income tax expense (see paragraph 5).

(4) Information derived from qualified financial statements as to revenue or profit (loss) before income tax must be adjusted—

(a) as the information was adjusted for the purposes of its inclusion in a qualifying country-by-country report in relation to the territory, or

(b) if the information was not included in such a report, as it would have been adjusted had it been included in such a report.

See also paragraph 6 which provides for circumstances in which further adjustments are required to profit (loss) before income tax and circumstances in which adjustments are required to qualifying income tax expense.

(5) The information described in sub-paragraph (3)(a) to (c) that must be used to determine whether the tests in paragraphs 7 to 9 are met in relation to members of a multinational group in a territory must be derived from whichever of the following was used to prepare the qualifying country-by-country report in relation to the territory—

(a) qualified financial statements falling within sub-paragraph (1)(a), along with any financial accounts treated as qualified financial statements as a result of sub-paragraph (2), or

(b) qualified financial statements falling within sub-paragraph (1)(b), along with any financial accounts treated as qualified financial statements as a result of sub-paragraph (2).

(6) Where that information in respect of a territory is not available in qualified financial statements of a multinational group, no election may be made in respect of that territory.

Qualifying income tax expense U.K.

5 In this Part of this Schedule, “qualifying income tax expense” means income tax expense adjusted to exclude—

(a) any amount that does not relate to covered taxes, and

(b) any amount that relates to an uncertain tax position.

Adjustments U.K.

6 (1) Sub-paragraph (2) applies where the adjusted profits of the ultimate parent of a multinational group for an accounting period would be reduced as a result of section 171(1) (ultimate parent subject to deductible dividend regime).

(2) Where this sub-paragraph applies the profit (loss) before income tax of the ultimate parent for that period is to be reduced (but not below nil) by the amount referred to in section 171(1).

(3) Sub-paragraph (4) applies where—

(a) the standard members of a multinational group in a territory have a net unrealised fair value loss for an accounting period, and

(b) that loss exceeds 50 million euros.

(4) Where this sub-paragraph applies, those losses are to be excluded from the aggregate profit (loss) before income tax of those members.

(5) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (3), the standard members of a multinational group in a territory have a net unrealised fair value loss for an accounting period to the extent their losses that arise from changes in fair value of relevant ownership interests exceed gains arising from changes in fair value of relevant ownership interests.

(6) An ownership interest in an entity is relevant if, at the end of the accounting period, the members of the multinational group do not between them have ownership interests that entitle them to 10% or more of the entity’s —

(a) profits,

(b) capital,

(c) reserves, and

(d) voting rights.

(7) Amounts of profits and qualifying tax expense allocated, for the purposes of Part 3, to a member of a multinational group from an investment entity as a result of an election under section 213 (investment entity tax transparency election) are to be reflected (to the extent they are not already) in the member’s profit (loss) before income tax and qualifying tax expense used for the purposes of applying the tests in paragraphs 7 to 9.

(8) Amounts that are to be included or otherwise taken account of, for the purposes of Part 3, in the adjusted profits and covered tax balance of a member of a multinational group as a result of an election under section 214 (taxable distribution method election) are to be reflected (to the extent they are not already) in the member’s profit (loss) before income tax and qualifying tax expense used for the purposes of applying the tests in paragraphs 7 to 9.

Threshold test U.K.

7 (1) The threshold test is met for a territory in an accounting period if—

(a) the revenue of the standard members in that territory for the period is less than 10 million euros, and

(b) the aggregate profit (loss) before income tax of those members for that period is less than 1 million euros.

(2) Where those members include members that are held for sale and the revenue of those members is not otherwise included in the amount determined for the purposes of sub-paragraph (1)(a), that revenue is to be so included.

Simplified effective tax rate test U.K.

8 (1) The simplified effective tax rate test is met for a territory in an accounting period if the simplified effective tax rate of the standard members of the group in that territory is—

(a) in the case of an accounting period beginning before 1 January 2025, at least 15%,

(b) in the case of an accounting period beginning in 2025, at least 16%, or

(c) in the case of an accounting period beginning on or after 1 January 2026, at least 17%.

(2) The simplified effective tax rate of the standard members of a multinational group in a territory in an accounting period is the amount (expressed as a percentage) given by dividing—

(a) the aggregate qualifying income tax expense of those members for that period, by

(b) the aggregate profit (loss) before income tax of those members for that period.

Routine profits test U.K.

9 (1) The routine profits test is met for a territory in an accounting period if—

(a) the qualified substance based income exclusion amount for that territory for that period is equal to or greater than the aggregate profit (loss) before income tax for that period of the standard members of the group located in that territory, or

(b) the aggregate profit (loss) before income tax of those members for that period is nil or reflects an overall loss.

(2) The “qualified substance based income exclusion amount” for a territory for an accounting period is the substance based exclusion determined for the territory for the period in accordance with section 195 (and see also paragraph 1 of this Schedule) ignoring any payroll carve-out amount or tangible asset carve-out amount of any standard member of the group in that territory—

(a) that is not regarded as a constituent entity of the multinational group for the purposes of the group’s country-by-country report, or

(b) that is not regarded as located in the territory for the purposes of that report.