Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007

Part 2 S Floating charges

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1 Pt. 2 amendment to earlier affecting provision S.I. 2015/428, Sch. 2 (with application in accordance with art. 1(4) of the amending S.I.) by The Building Societies (Floating Charges and Other Provisions) Order 2016 (S.I. 2016/679), arts. 1(1)(2), 7(b)

C2 Pt. 2 applied (prosp.) by 1967 c. 48, s. 3(1) (as substituted by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp. 3), ss. 49(1), 227 (with s. 223))

Registration and creation etc. S

37 Register of Floating Charges S

(1) The Keeper of the Registers of Scotland (in this Part, the “Keeper”) must establish and maintain a register to be known as the Register of Floating Charges.

(2) The Keeper must accept an application for registration of—

(a) any document delivered to the Keeper in pursuance of section 38, 41, 42, 43 or 44 of this Act; and

(b) any notice delivered to the Keeper in pursuance of section 39 or 45(2) of this Act,

provided that the application is accompanied by such information as the Keeper may require for the purposes of the registration.

(3) On receipt of such an application, the Keeper must note the date of receipt of the application; and, where the application is accepted by the Keeper, that date is to be treated for the purposes of this Part as the date of registration of the document or notice to which the application relates.

(4) The Keeper must, after accepting such an application, complete registration by registering in the Register of Floating Charges the document or notice to which the application relates.

(5) The Keeper must—

(a) make the Register of Floating Charges available for public inspection at all reasonable times;

(b) provide facilities for members of the public to obtain copies of the documents in the Register; and

(c) supply an extract of a document in the Register, certified as a true copy of the original, to any person requesting it.

(6) An extract certified as mentioned in subsection (5)(c) above is sufficient evidence of the original.

(7) The Keeper may charge such fees—

(a) for registering a document or notice in the Register of Floating Charges; or

(b) in relation to anything done under subsection (5) above,

as the Scottish Ministers may by regulations prescribe.

(8) The Scottish Ministers may by regulations make provision as to—

(a) the form and manner in which the Register of Floating Charges is to be maintained;

(b) the form of documents (including notices as mentioned in sections 39(1) and 45(2) of this Act) for registration in that Register, the particulars they are to contain and the manner in which they are to be delivered to the Keeper.

(9) Provision under subsection (8) above may, in particular, facilitate the use—

(a) of electronic communication;

(b) of documents in electronic form (and of certified electronic signatures in documents).

Commencement Information

I1 S. 37 partly in force; s. 37 not in force at Royal Assent see s. 227; s. 37(7)(8) in force for certain purposes at 1.4.2008 by S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(4), Sch. 3 (with arts. 4-6, 10)

Prospective

38 Creation of floating charges S

(1) It continues to be competent, for the purpose of securing any obligation to which this subsection applies, for a company to grant in favour of the creditor in the obligation a charge (known as a “floating charge”) over all or any part of the property which may from time to time be comprised in the company's property and undertaking.

(2) Subsection (1) above applies to any debt or other obligation incurred or to be incurred by, or binding upon, the company or any other person.

(3) From the coming into force of this section, a floating charge is (subject to [F1 subsection (3A) and]F1 section 39 of this Act) created only when a document—

(a) granting a floating charge; and

(b) subscribed by the company granting the charge,

is registered in the Register of Floating Charges.

[F2 (3A) If a floating charge is granted in favour of a central institution, it is created only when the document granting the floating charge is executed by the company granting the charge.]

F2 (4) References in this Part to a document which grants a floating charge are to a document by means of which a floating charge is granted.

Textual Amendments

F1 Words in s. 38(3) inserted (21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 253(2)(a), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, art. 3, Sch. para. 11

F2 S. 38(3A) inserted (21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 253(2)(b), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, art. 3, Sch. para. 11

Prospective

39 Advance notice of floating charges S

(1) Where a company proposes to grant a floating charge, the company and the person in whose favour the charge is to be granted may apply to have joint notice of the proposed charge registered in the Register of Floating Charges.

(2) Subsection (3) below applies where—

(a) a notice under subsection (1) above is registered in the Register of Floating Charges; and

(b) within 21 days of the notice being so registered, a document—

(i) granting a floating charge conforming with the particulars contained in the notice; and

(ii) subscribed by the company granting the charge,

is registered in the Register of Floating Charges.

(3) Where this subsection applies, the floating charge so created is to be treated as having been created when the notice under subsection (1) above was so registered.

[F3 (4) This section does not apply where a company proposes to grant a floating charge in favour of a central institution.]F3

Textual Amendments

F3 S. 39(4) added (21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 253(3), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, art. 3, Sch. para. 11

Prospective

40 Ranking of floating charges S

(1) Subject to subsections (4) and (5) below, a floating charge—

(a) created on or after the coming into force of this section; and

(b) which has attached to all or any part of the property of a company,

ranks as described in subsection (2) below.

(2) The floating charge referred to in subsection (1) above—

(a) ranks with—

(i) any other floating charge which has attached to that property or any part of it; or

(ii) any fixed security over that property or any part of it,

according to date of creation; and

(b) ranks equally with any floating charge or fixed security referred to in paragraph (a) above which was created on the same date as the floating charge referred to in subsection (1) above.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2) above—

(a) the date of creation of a fixed security is the date on which the right to the security was constituted as a real right; and

(b) the date of creation of a floating charge subsisting before the coming into force of this section is the date on which the instrument creating the charge was executed by the company granting the charge.

(4) Where all or any part of the property of a company is subject to both—

(a) a floating charge; and

(b) a fixed security arising by operation of law,

the fixed security has priority over the floating charge.

(5) Where the holder of a floating charge over all or any part of the property of a company has received intimation in writing of the subsequent creation of—

(a) another floating charge over the same property or any part of it; or

(b) a fixed security over the same property or any part of it,

the priority of ranking of the first-mentioned charge is restricted to security for the matters referred to in subsection (6) below.

(6) Those matters are—

(a) the present debt incurred (whenever payable);

(b) any future debt which, under the contract to which the charge relates, the holder is required to allow the debtor to incur;

(c) any interest due or to become due on the debts referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) above;

(d) any expenses or outlays which may be reasonably incurred by the holder; and

(e) in the case of a floating charge to secure a contingent liability (other than a liability arising under any further debts incurred from time to time), the maximum sum to which the contingent liability is capable of amounting, whether or not it is contractually limited.

(7) Subsections (1) to (6) above, and any provision made under section 41(1) of this Act, are subject to sections 175 and 176A (provision for preferential debts and share of assets) of the Insolvency Act 1986 (c. 45).

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C3 S. 40(1)-(3) applied (prosp.) by 1967 c. 48, s. 3(2) (as inserted by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp. 3), ss. 49(1), 227 (with s. 223))

C4 S. 40(1)-(3) applied (prosp.) by 1967 c. 48, s. 3(2) (as inserted by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp. 3), ss. 49(1), 227 (with s. 223))

C5 S. 40(1)-(3) applied (prosp.) by 1967 c. 48, s. 3(2) (as inserted by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp. 3), ss. 49(1), 227 (with s. 223))

Prospective

41 Ranking clauses S

(1) The document granting a floating charge over all or any part of the property of a company may make provision regulating the order in which the charge ranks with any other floating charge or any fixed security (including a future floating charge or fixed security) over that property or any part of it.

(2) Provision under subsection (1) above—

(a) may displace in whole or part—

(i) subsections (1) and (2) of section 40 of this Act;

(ii) subsections (5) and (6) of that section;

(b) may not affect the operation of subsection (4) of that section (whether as against subsections (1) and (2) of that section or other provision under subsection (1) above).

(3) Accordingly, subsections (1), (2), (5) and (6) of that section have effect subject to any provision made under subsection (1) above.

(4) Provision under subsection (1) above is not valid unless it is made with the consent of the holder of any subsisting floating charge, or any subsisting fixed security, which would be adversely affected by the provision.

(5) A document of consent for the purpose of subsection (4) above may be registered in the Register of Floating Charges.

Prospective

42 Assignation of floating charges S

(1) A floating charge may be assigned (and the rights under it vested in the assignee) by the registration in the Register of Floating Charges of a document of assignation subscribed by the holder of the charge.

(2) An assignation under subsection (1) above may be in whole or to such extent as may be specified in the document of assignation.

(3) This section is without prejudice to any other enactment, or any rule of law, by virtue of which a floating charge may be assigned.

[F4 (4) This section does not apply where a floating charge is assigned (whether in whole or to a specified extent) to or by a central institution.]F4

Textual Amendments

F4 S. 42(4) added (21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 253(4), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, art. 3, Sch. para. 11

Prospective

43 Alteration of floating charges S

(1) A document of alteration may alter (whether by addition, deletion or substitution of text or otherwise) the terms of a document granting a floating charge.

(2) If (and in so far as) an alteration to the terms of a document granting a floating charge concerns—

(a) the ranking of the charge with any other floating charge or any fixed security; or

(b) the specification of—

(i) the property that is subject to the charge; or

(ii) the obligations that are secured by the charge,

the alteration is not valid unless subsection (3) below is satisfied.

(3) This subsection is satisfied if the alteration is made by a document of alteration which is—

(a) subscribed by—

(i) the company which granted the charge;

(ii) the holder of the charge; and

(iii) the holder of any other subsisting floating charge, or any subsisting fixed security, which would be adversely affected by the alteration; and

(b) registered in the Register of Floating Charges.

(4) [F5 Paragraph]F5 (a)(i) of subsection (3) above does not apply in respect of an alteration which—

(a) relates only to the ranking of the floating charge first-mentioned in that subsection with any other floating charge or any fixed security; and

(b) does not adversely affect the interests of the company which granted the charge.

[F6 (4A) Paragraph (b) of subsection (3) above does not apply in respect of an alteration if—

(a) the holder of the floating charge is a central institution, or

(b) the holder of the floating charge is not a central institution but the alteration is to be made in connection with a floating charge which is held (or which has been or is to be held) by a central institution.]

F6 (5) The granting, by the holder of a floating charge, of consent to the release from the scope of the charge of any particular property, or class of property, which is subject to the charge is to be treated as constituting an alteration—

(a) to the terms of the document granting the charge; and

(b) as to the specification of the property that is subject to the charge.

(6) For the purpose of subsection (5) above, property is not to be regarded as released from the scope of a floating charge by reason only of its ceasing to be the property of the company which granted the charge.

Textual Amendments

F5 Word in s. 43(4) substituted (21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 253(5)(a), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, art. 3, Sch. para. 11

F6 S. 43(4A) inserted (21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 253(5)(b), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, art. 3, Sch. para. 11

Prospective

44 Discharge of floating charges S

(1) A floating charge may be discharged by the registration in the Register of Floating Charges of a document of discharge subscribed by the holder of the charge.

(2) A discharge under subsection (1) above may be in whole or to such extent as may be specified in the document of discharge.

(3) This section is without prejudice to any other means by which a floating charge may be discharged or extinguished.

[F7 (4) This section does not apply where the floating charge to be discharged (whether in whole or to a specified extent) is or has been held by a central institution.]F7

Textual Amendments

F7 S. 44(4) added (21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 253(6), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, art. 3, Sch. para. 11

Prospective

45 Effect of floating charges on winding up S

(1) Where a company goes into liquidation, a floating charge created over property of the company attaches to the property to which it relates.

F8 (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3) The attachment of a floating charge to property under subsection (1) above is subject to the rights of any person who—

(a) has effectually executed diligence on the property to which the charge relates or any part of it;

(b) holds over that property or any part of it a fixed security ranking in priority to the floating charge; or

(c) holds over that property or any part of it another floating charge so ranking.

(4) Interest accrues in respect of a floating charge which has attached to property until payment is made of any sum due under the charge.

(5) Part IV, except section 185, of the Insolvency Act 1986 has (subject to subsection (1) above) effect in relation to a floating charge as if the charge were a fixed security over the property to which it has attached in respect of the principal of the debt or obligation to which it relates and any interest due or to become due on it.

(6) Subsections (1) to (5) above do not affect the operation of—

(a) sections 53(7) and 54(6) (attachment of floating charge on appointment of receiver) of the Insolvency Act 1986;

(b) sections 175 and 176A of that Act; or

(c) paragraph 115(3) of Schedule B1 (attachment of floating charge on delivery of a notice by an administrator) to that Act.

(7) For the purposes of this section, reference to a company going into liquidation—

F9 (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) F10 ... is to be construed in accordance with section 247(2) and (3) of the Insolvency Act 1986 (c. 45).

F11 (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F8 S. 45(2) omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Insolvency (EU Exit) (Scotland) (Amendment) Regulations 2019 (S.S.I. 2019/94), regs. 1, 3(2)(a) (with reg. 9) (as amended by S.S.I. 2020/337, regs. 1, 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

F9 S. 45(7)(a) omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Insolvency (EU Exit) (Scotland) (Amendment) Regulations 2019 (S.S.I. 2019/94), regs. 1, 3(2)(b)(i) (with reg. 9) (as amended by S.S.I. 2020/337, regs. 1, 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

F10 Words in s. 45(7)(b) omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Insolvency (EU Exit) (Scotland) (Amendment) Regulations 2019 (S.S.I. 2019/94), regs. 1, 3(2)(b)(ii) (with reg. 9) (as amended by S.S.I. 2020/337, regs. 1, 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

F11 S. 45(8) omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Insolvency (EU Exit) (Scotland) (Amendment) Regulations 2019 (S.S.I. 2019/94), regs. 1, 3(2)(c) (with reg. 9) (as amended by S.S.I. 2020/337, regs. 1, 2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C6 S. 45(3)(c) applied (prosp.) by 1967 c. 48, s. 3(2) (as inserted by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp. 3), ss. 49(1), 227 (with s. 223))

Prospective

46 Repeals, savings and transitional arrangements S

(1) Part XVIII (floating charges: Scotland) of the Companies Act 1985 (c. 6) is repealed.

(2) Nothing in this Part (except sections 40 and 41 so far as they concern the ranking of floating charges subsisting immediately before the coming into force of this section) affects the validity or operation of floating charges subsisting before the coming into force of this section.

(3) So, despite the repeal of Chapters I and III of Part XVIII of that Act by subsection (1) above, the provisions of those Chapters are to be treated as having effect for the purposes of floating charges subsisting immediately before the coming into force of this section.

(4) In particular—

(a) floating charges subsisting immediately before the coming into force of this section rank with each other as they ranked with each other in accordance with section 464 of the Companies Act 1985 immediately before that section was repealed by subsection (1) above; and

(b) a floating charge subsisting immediately before the coming into force of this section ranks with a fixed security so subsisting as it ranked with the security in accordance with section 464 of the Companies Act 1985 immediately before that section was repealed by subsection (1) above.

(5) Section 140(floating charges (Scotland)) of the Companies Act 1989 (c. 40) is repealed (but, despite being repealed, is to be treated as having effect for the purposes of subsections (3) and (4) above).

Prospective

47 Interpretation S

In this Part—

• [F12 “ central institution ” means—

  (a)

  the Bank of England,

  (b)

  the central bank of a country or territory outside the United Kingdom, or

  (c)

  the European Central Bank;]

• “company” means an incorporated company (whether or not a company [F13 as defined in section 1(1) of the Companies Act 2006]);

• “fixed security”, in relation to any property of a company, means any security (other than a floating charge or a charge having the character of a floating charge) which on the winding up of the company in Scotland would be treated as an effective security over that property including, in particular, a heritable security (within the meaning of section 9(8) of the Conveyancing and Feudal Reform (Scotland) Act 1970 (c. 35)).

Textual Amendments

F12 S. 47: definition of "central institution" inserted (21.2.2009) by Banking Act 2009 (c. 1), ss. 253(7), 263(1)(2) (with s. 247); S.I. 2009/296, art. 3, Sch. para. 11

F13 S. 47: words in definition of "company" substituted (1.10.2009) by The Companies Act 2006 (Consequential Amendments, Transitional Provisions and Savings) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/1941), art. 2(1), Sch. 1 para. 267 (with art. 10)

Prospective

Related further provision S

48 Formalities as to documents S

(1) In section 6 (registration of documents) of the Requirements of Writing (Scotland) Act 1995 (c. 7), after subsection (1)(a), insert—

“(aa) to register a document in the Register of Floating Charges;”.

(2) In section 46 (extract decree of reduction to be recorded) of the Conveyancing (Scotland) Act 1924 (c. 27)—

(a) in subsection (2), for the words “This section” substitute “ Subsection (1) above ”; and

(b) after subsection (2), insert—

“(3) This section shall apply in relation to a document registered in the Register of Floating Charges as it applies in relation to a deed or other document pertaining to a heritable security which is recorded in the Register of Sasines (and the references to recording are to be read accordingly).”.

(3) In section 8 (rectification of defectively expressed documents) of the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1985 (c. 73), after subsection (5), insert—

“(5A) Subsection (5) above applies in relation to document registered in the Register of Floating Charges as it applies in relation to a document recorded in the Register of Sasines (and the references to recording are to be read accordingly).”.

49 Industrial and provident societies S

(1) For [F14 section 62 (floating charges created by Scottish societies) of the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014] (c. 48) substitute—

[F15 62 “Floating charges: Scotland

(1) Part 2 of the Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3) (“the 2007 Act”) applies to a registered society as it applies to an incorporated company.

(2) Subsection (3) applies where any assets of a registered society are subject to—

(a) a floating charge created under Part 2 of the 2007 Act (as applied by this section), and

(b) an agricultural charge created under Part 2 of the Agricultural Credits (Scotland) Act 1929.

(3) For the purposes of determining the relative ranking of those charges, the following provisions of the 2007 Act apply as if the agricultural charge were a floating charge created under Part 2 of that Act on the date of creation of the agricultural charge—

• section 40(1) to (3) (including as subject to section 41(1) to (4)),

• section 45(3)(c).”].

(2) Section [F16 63] (filing of information relating to charges) of that Act is repealed.

(3) In section [F17 64 (notification of charges etc: Scotland)] of that Act—

[F18 (a) for paragraph (a) of subsection (1) substitute—

“(a) the giving to the FCA of notice of any security, except a floating charge, granted by a registered society over any of its assets;”]

(b) the references to section [F19 63] of that Act are to be treated as references to that section as it had effect immediately before its repeal by subsection (2) above.

Textual Amendments

F14 Words in s. 49(1) substituted (1.8.2014) by Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014 (c. 14), s. 154, Sch. 4 para. 118(2) (with Sch. 5)

F15 Words in s. 49(1) substituted (1.8.2014) by Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014 (c. 14), s. 154, Sch. 4 para. 118(3) (with Sch. 5)

F16 Word in s. 49(2) substituted (1.8.2014) by Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014 (c. 14), s. 154, Sch. 4 para. 119 (with Sch. 5)

F17 Words in s. 49(3) substituted (1.8.2014) by Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014 (c. 14), s. 154, Sch. 4 para. 120(2) (with Sch. 5)

F18 S. 49(3)(a) substituted (1.8.2014) by Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014 (c. 14), s. 154, Sch. 4 para. 120(3) (with Sch. 5)

F19 Word in s. 49(3)(b) substituted (1.8.2014) by Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014 (c. 14), s. 154, Sch. 4 para. 120(4) (with Sch. 5)