Commission Decision of 27 April 2011 determining transitional Union-wide rules for harmonised free allocation of emission allowances pursuant to Article 10a of Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (notified under document C(2011) 2772) (2011/278/EU) (repealed)

ANNEX I PRODUCT BENCHMARKS

1. Definition of product benchmarks and system boundaries without consideration of exchangeability of fuel and electricity

Product benchmark	Definition of products covered	Definition of processes and emissions covered (system boundaries)	Carbon leakage exposure as determined by Decision 2010/2/EU for the years 2013 and 2014	Benchmark value(allowances/t)
Coke	Coke-oven coke (obtained from the carbonisation of coking coal, at high temperature) or gas-works coke (by-product of gas-works plants) expressed as tons of dry coke. Lignite coke is not covered by this benchmark	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the process units coke ovens, H2S/NH3 incineration, coal preheating (defreezing), coke gas extractor, desulphurisation unit, distillation unit, steam generation plant, pressure control in batteries, biological water treatment, miscellaneous heating of by-products and hydrogen separator are included. Coke oven gas cleaning is included	yes	0,286
Sintered ore	Agglomerated iron-bearing product containing iron ore fines, fluxes and iron-containing recycling materials with the chemical and physical properties such as the level of basicity, mechanical strength and permeability required to deliver iron and necessary flux materials into iron ore reduction processes	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the process units sinter strand, ignition, feedstock preparation units, hot screening unit, sinter cooling unit, cold screening unit and steam generation unit are included	yes	0,171
Hot metal	Liquid iron saturated with carbon for further processing	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the process units blast furnace, hot metal treatment units, blast furnace blowers, blast furnace hot stoves, basic oxygen furnace, secondary metallurgy units, vacuum ladles, casting units (including cutting), slag treatment unit, burden preparation, BF gas treatment unit, dedusting units, scrap pre-heating, coal drying for PCI, vessels preheating stands, casting ingots preheating stands, compressed air production, dust treatment unit (briquetting), sludge treatment unit (briquetting), steam injection in BF unit, steam generation plant, converter BOF gas cooling and miscellaneous are included	yes	1,328
Pre-bake anode	Anodes for aluminium electrolysis use consisting of petrol coke, pitch and normally recycled anodes, which are formed to shape specifically intended for a particular smelter and baked in anode baking ovens to a temperature of around 1 150 °C	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production of pre-bake anodes are included	yes	0,324
Aluminium	unwrought non-alloy liquid aluminium from electrolysis	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production step electrolysis are included	yes	1,514
Grey cement clinker	Grey cement clinker as total clinker produced	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production of grey cement clinker are included	yes	0,766
White cement clinker	White cement clinker for use as main binding component in the formulation of materials such as joint filers, ceramic tile adhesives, insulation, and anchorage mortars, industrial floor mortars, ready mixed plaster, repair mortars, and water-tight coatings with maximum average contents of 0,4 mass-% Fe2O3, 0,003 mass-% Cr2O3 and 0,03 mass-% Mn2O3	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production of white cement clinker are included	yes	0,987
Lime	Quicklime: calcium oxide (CaO) produced by the decarbonation of limestone (CaCO3) as ‘standard pure’ lime with a free CaO content of 94,5 %. Lime produced and consumed in the same installation for purification processes is not covered by this product benchmark	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production of lime are included	yes	0,954
Dolime	Dolime or calcined dolomite as mixture of calcium and magnesium oxides produced by the decarbonation of dolomite (CaCO3.MgCO3) with a residual CO2 exceeding 0,25 %, a free MgO content between 25 % and 40 % and a bulk density of the commercial product below 3,05 g/cm3. Dolime shall be expressed as ‘standard pure dolime’ quality with a free CaO content of 57,4 % and a free MgO content of 38,0 %	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production of dolime are included	yes	1,072
Sintered dolime	Mixture of calcium and magnesium oxides used solely for the production of refractory bricks and other refractory products with a minimum bulk density of 3,05 g/cm3	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production of sintered dolime are included	yes	1,449
Float glass	Float/ground/polish glass (as tons of glass exiting the lehr)	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production steps melter, refiner, working end, bath and lehr are included	yes	0,453
Bottles and jars of colourless glass	Bottles of colourless glass of a nominal capacity < 2,5 litres, for beverages and foodstuffs (excluding bottles covered with leather or composition leather; infant’s feeding bottles) except extra-white flint products with an iron oxide content expressed as percent Fe2O3 by weight lower than 0,03 % and colour coordinates of L in the range 100 to 87, of a in the range 0 to – 5 and of b in the range 0 to 3 (using the CIELAB advocated by the Commission internationale d’éclairage) expressed as tons of packed product	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production steps materials handling, melting, forming, downstream processing, packaging and ancillary processes are included	yes	0,382
Bottles and jars of coloured glass	Bottles of coloured glass of a nominal capacity < 2,5 litres, for beverages and foodstuffs (excluding bottles covered with leather or composition leather; infant’s feeding bottles) expressed as tons of packed product	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production steps materials handling, melting, forming, downstream processing, packaging and ancillary processes are included	yes	0,306
Continuous filament glass fibre products	Melted glass for the production of continuous filament glass fibre products namely chopped strands, rovings, yarns and staple glass fibre and mats (expressed as tons of melted glass exiting the foreheath). Mineral wool products for thermal, acoustic and fire insulation are not included	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production processes glass melting in the furnaces and glass refining in the foreheaths are included. Downstream processes to convert the fibres into sellable products are not included in this product benchmark	yes	0,406
Facing bricks	Facing bricks with a density > 1 000 kg/m3 used for masonry based on EN 771-1, excluding pavers, clinker bricks and blue braised facing bricks	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production processes raw material preparation, component mixing, forming and shaping of ware, drying of ware, firing of ware, product finishing and flue gas cleaning are included	no	0,139
Pavers	Clay bricks used for flooring according to EN 1344	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production processes raw material preparation, component mixing, forming and shaping of ware, drying of ware, firing of ware, product finishing and flue gas cleaning are included	no	0,192
Roof tiles	Clay roofing tiles as defined in EN 1304:2005 excluding blue braised roof tiles and accessories	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production processes raw material preparation, component mixing, forming and shaping of ware, drying of ware, firing of ware, product finishing and flue gas cleaning are included	no	0,144
Spray-dried powder	Spray-dried powder for the production of dry-pressed wall and floor tiles in tonnes of powder produced	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production of spray-dried powder are included	yes	0,076
Plaster	Plasters consisting of calcined gypsum or calcium sulphate (including for use in building, for use in dressing woven fabrics or surfacing paper, for use in dentistry, for use in land remediation), in tonnes of stucco. Alpha plaster is not covered by this product benchmark	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production steps milling, drying and calcining are included	no	0,048
Dried secondary gypsum	Dried secondary gypsum (synthetic gypsum produced as a recycled by-product of the power industry or recycled material from construction waste and demolition) expressed as tons of product	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the drying of secondary gypsum are included	no	0,017
Short fibre kraft pulp	Short fibre kraft pulp is a wood pulp produced by the sulphate chemical process using cooking liquor, characterised by fibre lengths of 1-1,5 mm, which is mainly used for products which require specific smoothness and bulk, as tissue and printing paper, expressed as net saleable production in Adt (Air Dried Tonnes)	All processes which are part of the pulp production process (in particular the pulp mill, recovery boiler, pulp drying section and lime kiln and connected energy conversion units (boiler/CHP)) are included. Other activities on site that are not part of this process such as sawmilling activities, woodworking activities, production of chemicals for sale, waste treatment (treating waste onsite instead of offsite (drying, pelletising, incinerating, landfilling), PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate) production, treatment of odorous gases, and district heating are not included	yes	0,12
Long fibre kraft pulp	Long fibre kraft pulp is a wood pulp produced by the sulphate chemical process using cooking liquor, characterised by fibre lengths of 3-3,5 mm, which is mainly used for products for which strength is important, as packaging paper, expressed as net saleable production in Adt (Air Dried Tonnes)	All processes which are part of the pulp production process (in particular the pulp mill, recovery boiler, pulp drying section and lime kiln and connected energy conversion units (boiler/CHP)) are included. Other activities on site that are not part of this process such as sawmilling activities, woodworking activities, production of chemicals for sale, waste treatment (treating waste onsite instead of offsite (drying, pelletising, incinerating, landfilling), PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate) production, treatment of odorous gases, and district heating are not included	yes	0,06
Sulphite pulp, thermo-mechanical and mechanical pulp	Sulphite pulp produced by a specific pulp making process, e.g. pulp produced by cooking wood chips in a pressure vessel in the presence of bisulphite liquor expressed as net saleable production in Adt. Sulphite pulp can be either bleached or unbleached. Mechanical pulp grades: TMP (thermomechanical pulp) and groundwood as net saleable production in Adt. Mechanical pulp can be either bleached or unbleached. Not covered by this group are the smaller subgroups of semichemical pulp CTMP — chemi-thermomechanical pulp and dissolving pulp	All processes which are part of the pulp production process (in particular the pulp mill, recovery boiler, pulp drying section and lime kiln and connected energy conversion units (boiler/CHP)) are included. Other activities on site that are not part of this process such as sawmilling activities, woodworking activities, production of chemicals for sale, waste treatment (treating waste onsite instead of offsite (drying, pelletising, incinerating, landfilling), PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate) production, treatment of odorous gases, and district heating are not included	yes	0,02
Recovered paper pulp	Pulps of fibres derived from recovered (waste and scrap) paper or paperboard or of other fibrous cellulosic material expressed as net saleable production in Adt	All processes which are part of the production of pulp from recovered paper and connected energy conversion units (boiler/CHP)) are included. Other activities on site that are not part of this process such as sawmilling activities, woodworking activities, production of chemicals for sale, waste treatment (treating waste onsite instead of offsite (drying, pelletising, incinerating, landfilling), PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate) production, treatment of odorous gases, and district heating are not included	yes	0,039
Newsprint	Specific paper grade (in rolls or sheets) expressed as net saleable production in Adt used for printing newspapers produced from groundwood and/or mechanical pulp or recycled fibres or any percentage of combinations of these two. Weights usually range from 40 to 52 g/m2 but can be as high as 65 g/m2. Newsprint is machine-finished or slightly calendered, white or slightly coloured and is used in reels for letterpress, offset or flexo-printing	All processes which are part of the paper production process (in particular paper or board machine and connected energy conversion units (boiler/CHP) and direct process fuel use) are included. Other activities on site that are not part of this process such as sawmilling activities, woodworking activities, production of chemicals for sale, waste treatment (treating waste onsite instead of offsite (drying, pelletising, incinerating, landfilling), PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate) production, treatment of odorous gases, and district heating are not included	yes	0,298
Uncoated fine paper	Uncoated fine paper, covering both uncoated mechanical and uncoated woodfree expressed as net saleable production in Adt: 1. Uncoated woodfree papers suitable for printing or other graphic purposes made from a variety of mainly virgin fibre furnishes, with variable levels of mineral filler and a range of finishing processes. This grade includes most office papers, such as business forms, copier, computer, stationery and book papers. 2. Uncoated mechanical papers cover the specific paper grades made from mechanical pulp, used for packaging or graphic purposes/magazines	All processes which are part of the paper production process (in particular paper or board machine and connected energy conversion units (boiler/CHP) and direct process fuel use) are included. Other activities on site that are not part of this process such as sawmilling activities, woodworking activities, production of chemicals for sale, waste treatment (treating waste onsite instead of offsite (drying, pelletising, incinerating, landfilling), PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate) production, treatment of odorous gases, and district heating are not included	yes	0,318
Coated fine paper	Coated fine paper covering both coated mechanical and coated woodfree papers expressed as net saleable production in Adt: 1. Coated woodfree papers made of fibres produced mainly by a chemical pulping process which are coated in process for different applications and are also known as coated freesheet. This group focuses mainly on publication papers. 2. Coated mechanical papers made from mechanical pulp, used for graphic purposes/magazines. The group is also known as coated groundwood	All processes which are part of the paper production process (in particular paper or board machine and connected energy conversion units (boiler/CHP) and direct process fuel use) are included. Other activities on site that are not part of this process such as sawmilling activities, woodworking activities, production of chemicals for sale, waste treatment (treating waste onsite instead of offsite (drying, pelletising, incinerating, landfilling), PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate) production, treatment of odorous gases, and district heating are not included	yes	0,318
Tissue	Tissue papers expressed as net saleable production of parent reel cover a wide range of tissue and other hygienic papers for use in households or commercial and industrial premises such as toilet paper and facial tissues, kitchen towels, hand towels and industrial wipes, the manufacture of baby nappies, sanitary towels, etc. TAD — Through Air Dried Tissue is not part of this group	All processes which are part of the paper production process (in particular paper or board machine and connected energy conversion units (boiler/CHP) and direct process fuel use) are included. Other activities on site that are not part of this process such as sawmilling activities, woodworking activities, production of chemicals for sale, waste treatment (treating waste onsite instead of offsite (drying, pelletising, incinerating, landfilling), PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate) production, treatment of odorous gases, and district heating are not included. The conversion of parent reel weight to finished products is not part of this product benchmark	yes	0,334
Testliner and fluting	Testliner and fluting expressed as net saleable production in Adt: 1. Testliner covers types of paperboard that meet specific tests adopted by the packaging industry to qualify for use as the outer facing layer for corrugated board, from which shipping containers are made. Testliner is made primarily from fibres obtained from recycled fibres. 2. Fluting refers to the centre segment of corrugated shipping containers, being faced with linerboard (testliner/kraftliner) on both sides. Fluting covers mainly papers made from recycled fibre but this group also holds paperboard that is made from chemical and semi-chemical pulp	All processes which are part of the paper production process (in particular paper or board machine and connected energy conversion units (boiler/CHP) and direct process fuel use) are included. Other activities on site that are not part of this process such as sawmilling activities, woodworking activities, production of chemicals for sale, waste treatment (treating waste onsite instead of offsite (drying, pelletising, incinerating, landfilling), PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate) production, treatment of odorous gases, and district heating are not included	yes	0,248
Uncoated carton board	This benchmark covers a wide range of uncoated products (expressed as net saleable production in Adt) which may be single or multiply. Uncoated carton board is mainly used for packaging applications which the main needed characteristic is strength and stiffness, and for which the commercial aspects as information carrier are of a second order of importance. Carton board is made from virgin and/or recovered fibres, has good folding properties, stiffness and scoring ability. It is mainly used in cartons for consumer products such as frozen food, cosmetics and for liquid containers; also known as solid board, folding box board, boxboard or carrier board or core board	All processes which are part of the paper production process (in particular paper or board machine and connected energy conversion units (boiler/CHP) and direct process fuel use) are included. Other activities on site that are not part of this process such as sawmilling activities, woodworking activities, production of chemicals for sale, waste treatment (treating waste onsite instead of offsite (drying, pelletising, incinerating, landfilling), PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate) production, treatment of odorous gases, and district heating are not included	yes	0,237
Coated carton board	This benchmark covers a wide range of coated products (expressed as net saleable production in Adt) which may be single or multiply. Coated carton board is mainly used for commercial applications that need to bring commercial information printed on the packaging to the shelf in the store in applications such as food, pharma, cosmetics, and other. Carton board is made from virgin and/or recovered fibres, and has good folding properties, stiffness and scoring ability. It is mainly used in cartons for consumer products such as frozen food, cosmetics and for liquid containers; also known as solid board, folding box board, boxboard or carrier board or core board	All processes which are part of the paper production process (in particular paper or board machine and connected energy conversion units (boiler/CHP) and direct process fuel use) are included. Other activities on site that are not part of this process such as sawmilling activities, woodworking activities, production of chemicals for sale, waste treatment (treating waste onsite instead of offsite (drying, pelletising, incinerating, landfilling), PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate) production, treatment of odorous gases, and district heating are not included	yes	0,273
Nitric acid	Nitric acid (HNO3), to be recorded in tons HNO3 (100 %)	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production of the benchmarked product as well as the N2O destruction process are included except the production of ammonia	yes	0,302
Adipic acid	Adipic acid to be recorded in tons of dry purified adipic acid stored in silos or packed in (big)bags	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production of the benchmarked product as well as the N2O destruction process are included	yes	2,79
Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM)	Vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production steps direct chlorination, oxychlorination and EDC cracking to VCM are included	yes	0,204
Phenol/acetone	Sum of phenol, acetone and the by-product alpha-methyl styrene as total production	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production of phenol and acetone are included, in particular air compression, hydroperoxidation, cumene recovery from spent air, concentration and cleavage, production fractionation and purification, tar cracking, acetophenone recovery and purification, AMS recovery for export, AMS hydrogenation for ISB recycle, initial waste water purification (first waste water stripper), cooling water generation (e.g. cooling towers), cooling water utilisation (circulation pumps), flare and incinerators (even if physically located OSB) as well as any support fuel consumption	yes	0,266
S-PVC	Polyvinyl chloride; not mixed with any other substances consisting of PVC particles with a mean size between 50 and 200 μm	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production of S-PVC are included except the production of VCM	yes	0,085
E-PVC	Polyvinyl chloride; not mixed with any other substances consisting of PVC particles with a mean size between 0,1 and 3 μm	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production of E-PVC are included except the production of VCM	yes	0,238
Soda ash	Disodium carbonate as total gross production except dense soda ash obtained as by-product in a caprolactam production network	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the process units brine purification, limestone calcination and milk of lime production, absorption of ammonia, precipitation of NaHCO3, filtration or Separation of NaHCO3 crystals from mother liquor, decomposition of NaHCO3 to Na2CO3, recovery of ammonia and densification or production of dense soda ash are included	yes	0,843

If no other reference is given, all product benchmarks refer to 1 ton of product produced expressed as saleable (net) production and to 100 % purity of the substance concerned.

All definitions of processes and emissions covered (system boundaries) include flares where they occur.

The carbon leakage exposure of the benchmarked products is based on Decision 2010/2/EU and is valid for 2013 and 2014. In respect of 2013 and 2014, further sectors might be added to this list by Commission Decision.

2. Definition of product benchmarks and system boundaries with consideration of exchangeability of fuel and electricity

Product benchmark	Definition of products covered	Definition of processes and emissions covered (system boundaries)	Carbon leakage exposure as determined by Decision 2010/2/EU for the years 2013 and 2014	Benchmark value(allowances/t)
Refinery products	Mix of refinery products with more than 40 % light products (motor spirit (gasoline) including aviation spirit, spirit type (gasoline type) jet fuel, other light petroleum oils/light preparations, kerosene including kerosene type jet fuel, gas oils) expressed as CO2 weighted tonne (CWT)	All processes of a refinery matching the definition of one of the CWT process units as well as ancillary non-process facilities operating inside the refinery fence-line such as tankage, blending, effluent treatment, etc. are included. For the determination of indirect emissions, the total electricity consumption within the system boundaries shall be considered	yes	0,0295
EAF carbon steel	Steel containing less than 8 % metallic alloying elements and tramp elements to such levels limiting the use to those applications where no high surface quality and processability is required	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the process units electric arc furnace, secondary metallurgy, casting and cutting, post-combustion unit, dedusting unit, vessels heating stands, casting ingots preheating stands, scrap drying and scrap preheating are included. For the determination of indirect emissions, the total electricity consumption within the system boundaries shall be considered	yes	0,283
EAF high alloy steel	Steel containing 8 % or more metallic alloying elements or where high surface quality and processability is required	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the process units electric arc furnace, secondary metallurgy, casting and cutting, post-combustion unit, dedusting unit, vessels heating stands, casting ingots preheating stands, slow cooling pit, scrap drying and scrap preheating are included. The process units FeCr converter and cryogenic storage of industrial gases are not included. For the determination of indirect emissions, the total electricity consumption within the system boundaries shall be considered	yes	0,352
Iron casting	Casted iron expressed as tons of liquid iron ready alloyed, skinned, and ready for casting	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the process steps melting shop, casting shop, core shop and finishing are included. For the determination of indirect emissions, only the electricity consumption of melting processes within the system boundaries shall be considered	yes	0,325
Mineral wool	Mineral wool insulation products for thermal, acoustic and fire applications manufactured using glass, rock or slag	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production steps melting, fibreising and injection of binders, curing and drying and forming are included. For the determination of indirect emissions, the total electricity consumption within the system boundaries shall be considered	no	0,682
Plasterboard	The benchmark covers boards, sheets, panels, tiles, similar articles of plaster/compositions based on plaster, (not) faced/reinforced with paper/paperboard only, excluding articles agglomerated with plaster, ornamented (in tonnes of stucco). High-density gypsum fibreboards not covered by this product benchmark	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production steps milling, drying, calcining and board drying are included. For the determination of indirect emissions, only the electricity consumption of heat pumps applied in the drying stage shall be considered	no	0,131
Carbon black	Furnace carbon black. Gas- and lamp black products are not covered by this benchmark	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production of furnace carbon black as well as finishing, packaging and flaring are included. For the determination of indirect emissions, the total electricity consumption within the system boundaries shall be considered	yes	1,954
Ammonia	Ammonia (NH3), to be recorded in tons produced	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production of the ammonia and the intermediate product hydrogen are included. For the determination of indirect emissions, the total electricity consumption within the system boundaries shall be considered	yes	1,619
Steam cracking	Mix of high value chemicals (HVC) expressed as total mass of acetylene, ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene and hydrogen excluding HVC from supplemental feed (hydrogen, ethylene, other HVC) with an ethylene content in the total product mix of at least 30 mass-percent and a content of HVC, fuel gas, butenes and liquid hydrocarbons of together at least 50 mass-percent of the total product mix	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production of high value chemicals as purified product or intermediate product with concentrated content of the respective HVC in the lowest tradable form (raw C4, unhydrogenated pygas) are included except C4 extraction (butadiene plant), C4-hydrogenation, hydrotreating of pyrolysis gasoline and aromatics extraction and logistics/storage for daily operation. For the determination of indirect emissions, the total electricity consumption within the system boundaries shall be considered	yes	0,702
Aromatics	Mix of aromatics expressed as CO2 weighted tonne (CWT)	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the aromatics sub-units pygas hydrotreater, benzene/toluene/xylene (BTX) extraction, TDP, HDA, xylene isomerisation, P-xylene units, cumene production and Cyclo-hexane production are included. For the determination of indirect emissions, the total electricity consumption within the system boundaries shall be considered	yes	0,0295
Styrene	Styrene monomer (vinyl benzene, CAS number: 100-42-5)	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the production of styrene as well as the intermediate product ethylbenzene (with the amount used as feed for the styrene production) are included. For the determination of indirect emissions, the total electricity consumption within the system boundaries shall be considered	yes	0,527
Hydrogen	Pure hydrogen and mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide having a hydrogen content ≥ 60 % mole fraction of total contained hydrogen plus carbon monoxide based on the aggregation of all hydrogen- and carbon-monoxide-containing product streams exported from the sub-installation concerned expressed as 100 % hydrogen	All relevant process elements directly or indirectly linked to the production of hydrogen and the separation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide are included. These elements lie between: (a) the point(s) of entry of hydrocarbon feedstock(s) and, if separate, fuel(s); (b) the points of exit of all product streams containing hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide; (c) the point(s) of entry or exit of import or export heat. For the determination of indirect emissions, the total electricity consumption within the system boundaries shall be considered	yes	8,85
Synthesis gas	Mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide having a hydrogen content < 60 % mole fraction of total contained hydrogen plus carbon monoxide based on the aggregation of all hydrogen- and carbon-monoxide-containing product streams exported from the sub-installation concerned referred to 47 volume-percent hydrogen	All relevant process elements directly or indirectly linked to the production of syngas and the separation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide are included. These elements lie between: (a) the point(s) of entry of hydrocarbon feedstock(s) and, if separate, fuel(s); (b) the points of exit of all product streams containing hydrogen1 and/or carbon monoxide1; (c) the point(s) of entry or exit of import or export heat. For the determination of indirect emissions, the total electricity consumption within the system boundaries shall be considered	yes	0,242
Ethylene oxide/ethylene glycols	The ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol benchmark covers the products ethylene oxide (EO, high purity), monoethylene glycol (MEG, standard grade + fibre grade (high purity)), diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol (TEG). The total amount of products is expressed in terms of EO-equivalents (EOE), which are defined as the amount of EO (in mass) that is embedded in one mass unit of the specific glycol	All processes directly or indirectly linked to the process units EO production, EO purification and glycol section are included. The total electricity consumption (and the related indirect emissions) within the system boundaries is covered by this product benchmark	yes	0,512

If no other reference is given, all product benchmarks refer to 1 ton of product produced expressed as saleable (net) production and to 100 % purity of the substance concerned.

All definitions of processes and emissions covered (system boundaries) include flares where they occur.

The carbon leakage exposure status of the benchmarked products is based on Decision 2010/2/EU and is valid for 2013 and 2014. Further sectors might be added to this list by Commission Decision.

3. Heat and fuel benchmarks

Benchmark	Benchmark value(allowances/TJ)
Heat benchmark	62,3
Fuel benchmark	56,1

ANNEX II SPECIFIC PRODUCT BENCHMARKS

1. Refineries benchmark: CWT functions

CWT function	Description	Basis (kt/a)	CWT factor
Atmospheric Crude Distillation	Mild Crude Unit, Standard Crude Unit	F	1,0
Vacuum Distillation	Mild Vacuum Fractionation, Standard Vacuum Column, Vacuum Fractionating Column Vacuum distillation factor also includes average energy and emissions for Heavy Feed Vacuum (HFV) unit. Since this is always in series with the MVU, HFV capacity is not counted separately	F	0,85
Solvent Deasphalting	Conventional Solvent, Supercritical Solvent	F	2,45
Visbreaking	Atmospheric Residuum (w/o a Soaker Drum), Atmospheric Residuum (with a Soaker Drum), Vacuum Bottoms Feed (w/o a Soaker Drum), Vacuum Bottoms Feed (with a Soaker Drum) Visbreaking factor also includes average energy and emissions for Vacuum Flasher Column (VAC VFL) but capacity is not counted separately	F	1,4
Thermal Cracking	Thermal cracking factor also includes average energy and emissions for Vacuum Flasher Column (VAC VFL) but capacity is not counted separately	F	2,7
Delayed Coking	Delayed Coking	F	2,2
Fluid Coking	Fluid Coking	F	7,6
Flexicoking	Flexicoking	F	16,6
Coke Calcining	Vertical-Axis Hearth, Horizontal-Axis Rotary Kiln	P	12,75
Fluid Catalytic Cracking	Fluid Catalytic Cracking, Mild Residuum Catalytic Cracking, Residual Catalytic Cracking	F	5,5
Other Catalytic Cracking	Houdry Catalytic Cracking, Thermofor Catalytic Cracking	F	4,1
Distillate/Gasoil Hydrocracking	Mild Hydrocracking, Severe Hydrocracking, Naphtha Hydrocracking	F	2,85
Residual Hydrocracking	H-Oil, LC-Fining™ and Hycon	F	3,75
Naphtha/Gasoline Hydrotreating	Benzene Saturation, Desulphurisation of C4–C6 Feeds, Conventional Naphtha H/T, Diolefin to Olefin Saturation, Diolefin to Olefin Saturation of Alkylation Feed, FCC Gasoline hydrotreating with minimum octane loss, Olefinic Alkylation of Thio S, S-Zorb™ Process, Selective H/T of Pygas/Naphtha, Pygas/Naphtha Desulphurisation, Selective H/T of Pygas/Naphtha Naphtha hydrotreating factor includes energy and emissions for Reactor for Selective H/T (NHYT/RXST) but capacity is not counted separately	F	1,1
Kerosene/Diesel Hydrotreating	Aromatic Saturation, Conventional H/T, Solvent aromatics hydrogenation, Conventional Distillate H/T, High Severity Distillate H/T, Ultra-High Severity H/T, Middle Distillate Dewaxing, S-Zorb™ Process, Selective Hydrotreating of Distillates	F	0,9
Residual Hydrotreating	Desulphurisation of Atmospheric Residuum Desulphurisation of Vacuum Residuum	F	1,55
VGO Hydrotreating	Hydrodesulphurisation/denitrification, Hydrodesulphurisation	F	0,9
Hydrogen Production	Steam Methane Reforming, Steam Naphtha Reforming, Partial Oxidation Units of Light Feeds Factor for hydrogen production includes energy and emissions for purification (H2PURE), but capacity is not counted separately	P	300,0
Catalytic Reforming	Continuous Regeneration, Cyclic, Semi-Regenerative, AROMAX	F	4,95
Alkylation	Alkylation with HF Acid, Alkylation with Sulfuric Acid, Polymerisation C3 Olefin Feed, Polymerisation C3/C4 Feed, Dimersol Factor for alkylation/polymerisation includes energy and emissions for acid regeneration (ACID), but capacity is not counted separately	P	7,25
C4 Isomerisation	C4 Isomerisation Factor also includes energy and emissions related to average EU-27 special fractionation (DIB) correlated with C4 isomerisation	R	3,25
C5/C6 Isomerisation	C5/C6 Isomerisation Factor also includes energy and emissions related to average EU-27 special fractionation (DIH) correlated with C5 isomerisation	R	2,85
Oxygenate Production	MBTE Distillation Units, MTBE Extractive Units, ETBE, TAME, Isooctene Production	P	5,6
Propylene Production	Chemical Grade, Polymer grade	F	3,45
Asphalt Manufacture	Asphalt and Bitumen Manufacture Production figure should include Polymer-Modified Asphalt. CWT factor includes blowing	P	2,1
Polymer-Modified Asphalt Blending	Polymer-Modified Asphalt Blending	P	0,55
Sulphur Recovery	Sulphur Recovery Factor for sulfur recovery includes energy and emissions for tail gas recovery (TRU) and H2S Springer Unit (U32), but capacity is not counted separately	P	18,6
Aromatic Solvent Extraction	ASE: Extraction Distillation, ASE: Liquid/Liquid Extraction, ASE: Liq/Liq w/Extr. Distillation CWT factor cover all feeds including Pygas after hydrotreatment. Pygas hydrotreating should be accounted under naphtha hydrotreatment	F	5,25
Hydrodealkylation	Hydrodealkylation	F	2,45
TDP/TDA	Toluene Disproportionation/Dealkylation	F	1,85
Cyclohexane production	Cyclohexane production	P	3,0
Xylene Isomerisation	Xylene Isomerisation	F	1,85
Paraxylene production	Paraxylene Adsorption, Paraxylene Crystallisation Factor also includes energy and emissions for Xylene Splitter and Orthoxylene Rerun Column	P	6,4
Metaxylene production	Metaxylene production	P	11,1
Phtalic anhydride production	Phtalic anhydride production	P	14,4
Maleic anhydride production	Maleic anhydride production	P	20,8
Ethylbenzene production	Ethylbenzene production Factor also includes energy and emissions for Ethylbenzene distillation	P	1,55
Cumene production	Cumene production	P	5,0
Phenol production	Phenol production	P	1,15
Lube solvent extraction	Lube solvent extraction: Solvent is Furfural, Solvent is NMP, Solvent is Phenol, Solvent is SO2	F	2,1
Lube solvent dewaxing	Lube solvent dewaxing: Solvent is Chlorocarbon, Solvent is MEK/Toluene, Solvent is MEK/MIBK, Solvent is propane	F	4,55
Catalytic Wax Isomerisation	Catalytic Wax Isomerisation and Dewaxing, Selective Wax Cracking	F	1,6
Lube Hydrocracker	Lube Hydrocracker w/Multi-Fraction Distillation, Lube Hydrocracker w/Vacuum Stripper	F	2,5
Wax Deoiling	Wax Deoiling: Solvent is Chlorocarbon, Solvent is MEK/Toluene, Solvent is MEK/MIBK, Solvent is Propane	P	12,0
Lube/Wax Hydrotreating	Lube H/F w/Vacuum Stripper, Lube H/T w/Multi-Fraction Distillation, Lube H/T w/Vacuum Stripper, Wax H/F w/Vacuum Stripper, Wax H/T w/Multi-Fraction Distillation, Wax H/T w/Vacuum Stripper	F	1,15
Solvent Hydrotreating	Solvent Hydrotreating	F	1,25
Solvent Fractionation	Solvent Fractionation	F	0,9
Mol sieve for C10 + paraffins	Mol sieve for C10 + paraffins	P	1,85
Partial Oxidation of Residual Feeds (POX) for Fuel	POX Syngas for Fuel	SG	8,2
Partial Oxidation of Residual Feeds (POX) for Hydrogen or Methanol	POX Syngas for Hydrogen or Methanol, POX Syngas for Methanol Factor includes energy and emissions for CO Shift and H2 Purification (U71) but capacity is not counted separately	SG	44,0
Methanol from syngas	Methanol	P	-36,2
Air Separation	Air Separation	P (MNm3 O2)	8,8
Fractionation of purchased NGL	Fractionation of purchased NGL	F	1,0
Flue gas treatment	DeSOx and deNOx	F (MNm3)	0,1
Treatment and Compression of Fuel Gas for Sales	Treatment and Compression of Fuel Gas for Sales	kW	0,15
Seawater Desalination	Seawater Desalination	P	1,15

Basis for CWT factors: Net fresh feed (F), Reactor feed (R, includes recycle), Product feed (P), Synthesis gas production for POX units (SG).

2. Aromatics benchmark: CWT functions

CWT function	Description	Basis (kt/a)	CWT factor
Naphtha/gasoline hydrotreater	Benzene Saturation, Desulphurisation of C4–C6 Feeds, Conventional Naphtha H/T, Diolefin to Olefin Saturation, Diolefin to Olefin Saturation of Alkylation Feed, FCC Gasoline hydrotreating with minimum octane loss, Olefinic Alkylation of Thio S, S-Zorb™ Process, Selective H/T of Pygas/Naphtha, Pygas/Naphtha Desulphurisation, Selective H/T of Pygas/Naphtha Naphtha hydrotreating factor includes energy and emissions for Reactor for Selective H/T (NHYT/RXST) but capacity is not counted separately	F	1,1
Aromatic solvent extraction	ASE: Extraction Distillation, ASE: Liquid/Liquid Extraction, ASE: Liq/Liq w/Extr. Distillation CWT factor cover all feeds including Pygas after hydrotreatment. Pygas hydrotreating should be accounted under naphtha hydrotreatment	F	5,25
TDP/TDA	Toluene Disproportionation/Dealkylation	F	1,85
Hydrodealkylation	Hydrodealkylation	F	2,45
Xylene isomerisation	Xylene Isomerisation	F	1,85
Paraxylene production	Paraxylene Adsorption, Paraxylene Crystallisation Factor also includes energy and emissions for Xylene Splitter and Orthoxylene Rerun Column	P	6,4
Cyclohexane production	Cyclohexane production	P	3,0
Cumene production	Cumene production	P	5,0

Basis for CWT factors: Net fresh feed (F), Product feed (P).

ANNEX III HISTORICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL FOR SPECIFIC PRODUCT BENCHMARKS AS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 9(7)

1. Member States shall determine the product-related historical activity level for the baseline period for products to which the refinery benchmark as referred to in Annex I applies on the basis of the different CWT functions, their definitions, the basis for throughput as well as the CWT factors as listed in Annex II according to the following formula:

with:

HAL_CWT

:

historical activity level expressed as CWT

TP_i,k

:

throughput of the CWT function i in year k of the baseline period

CWT_i

:

CWT factor of the CWT function i

TP_AD,k

:

throughput of the CWT function ‘Atmospheric Crude Distillation’ in year k of the baseline period

2. Member States shall determine the product-related historical activity level for the baseline period for products to which the lime product benchmark as referred to in Annex I applies according to the following formula:

with:

HAL_{lime,standard}

:

historical activity level for lime production expressed in tons of standard pure lime

m_CaO,k

:

content of free CaO in the produced lime in year k of the baseline period expressed as mass-%

In case no data on the content of free CaO is available, a conservative estimate not lower than 85 % shall be applied

m_MgO,k

:

content of free MgO in the produced lime in year k of the baseline period expressed as mass-%

In case no data on the content of free MgO is available, a conservative estimate not lower than 0,5 % shall be applied

HAL_{lime,uncorrected,k}

:

uncorrected historical activity level for lime production in year k of the baseline period expressed in tons of lime

3. Member States shall determine the product-related historical activity level for the baseline period for products to which the dolime product benchmark as referred to in Annex I applies according to the following formula:

with:

HAL_{dolime,standard}

:

historical activity level for dolime production expressed in tons of standard pure dolime

m_CaO,k

:

content of free CaO in the produced dolime in year k of the baseline period expressed as mass-%

In case no data on the content of free CaO is available, a conservative estimate not lower than 52 % shall be applied

m_MgO,k

:

content of free MgO in the produced dolime in year k of the baseline period expressed as mass-%

In case no data on the content of free MgO is available, a conservative estimate not lower than 33 % shall be applied

HAL_{dolime,uncorrected,k}

:

uncorrected historical activity level for dolime production in year k of the baseline period expressed in tons of lime

4. Member States shall determine the product-related historical activity level for the baseline period for products to which the steam cracking product benchmark as referred to in Annex I applies according to the following formula:

with:

HAL_HVC,net

:

historical activity level for high value chemicals net of high value chemicals produced from supplemental feed expressed in tons of HVC

HAL_HVC,total,k

:

historical activity level for total high value chemicals production in year k of the baseline period expressed in tons of HVC

HSF_H,k

:

historical supplemental feed of hydrogen in year k of the baseline period expressed in tons of hydrogen

HSF_E,k

:

historical supplemental feed of ethylene in year k of the baseline period expressed in tons of ethylene

HSF_O,k

:

historical supplemental feed of other high value chemicals than hydrogen and ethylene in year k of the baseline period expressed in tons of HVC

5. Member States shall determine the product-related historical activity level for the baseline period for products to which the aromatics product benchmark as referred to in Annex I applies on the basis of the different CWT functions, their definitions, the basis for throughput as well as the CWT factors as listed in Annex II according to the following formula:

with:

HAL_CWT

:

historical activity level expressed as CWT

TP_i,k

:

throughput of the CWT function i in year k of the baseline period

CWT_i

:

CWT factor of the CWT function i

6. Member States shall determine the product-related historical activity level for the baseline period for products to which the hydrogen product benchmark as referred to in Annex I applies according to the following formula:

with:

HAL_H2

:

historical activity level for hydrogen production referred to 100 % hydrogen

VF_H2,k

:

historical production volume fraction of pure hydrogen in year k of the baseline period

HAL_{H2 + CO,k}

:

historical activity level for hydrogen production referred to historical hydrogen content expressed as norm cubic meters per year referring to 0 °C and 101,325 kPa in year k of the baseline period

7. Member States shall determine the product-related historical activity level for the baseline period for products to which the synthesis gas (syngas) product benchmark as referred to in Annex I applies according to the following formula:

with:

HAL_syngas

:

historical activity level for synthesis gas production referred to 47 % hydrogen

VF_H2,k

:

historical production volume fraction of pure hydrogen in year k of the baseline period

HAL_{H2 + CO,k}

:

historical activity level for synthesis gas production referred to historical hydrogen content expressed as norm cubic meters per year referring to 0 °C and 101,325 kPa in year k of the baseline period

8. Member States shall determine the product-related historical activity level for the baseline period for products to which the ethylene oxide/ethylene glycols product benchmark as referred to in Annex I applies according to the following formula:

with:

HAL_EO/EG

:

historical activity level for ethylene oxide/ethylene glycols production expressed in tons of ethylene oxide equivalents

HAL_i,k

:

historical activity level for the production of the ethylene oxide or glycol i in year k of the baseline period expressed in tons

CF_EOE,i

:

conversion factor for the ethylene oxide or glycol i relative to ethylene oxide

Following conversion factors shall be applied:

• Ethylene oxide: 1,000

• Monoethylene glycol: 0,710

• Diethylene glycol: 0,830

• Triethylene glycol: 0,880

ANNEX IV PARAMETERS FOR BASELINE DATA COLLECTION FOR INCUMBENT INSTALLATIONS

For the purposes of the baseline data collection referred to in Article 7(1), Member States shall require the operator to submit at least the following data at installation and sub-installation level for all calendar years of the baseline period chosen in accordance with Article 9(1) (2005-2008 or 2009-2010). In accordance with Article 7(2), Member States may request additional data if necessary:

Parameter	Remarks
Initial installed capacity	Only for each product benchmark sub-installation, expressed in the unit defined for the product concerned in Annex I
The added or reduced capacity as well as the installed capacity of the sub-installation after having had a significant capacity change in case of a significant capacity change between 1 January 2009 and 30 June 2011	Capacities shall be expressed: (1) for the product benchmark sub-installation in the unit defined for the product concerned in Annex I; (2) for the heat benchmark sub-installation as terajoule of measurable heat consumed for the production of products or the production of mechanical energy other than the production of electricity, heating or cooling within the installation’s boundaries per year; (3) for the fuel benchmark sub-installation as terajoule of fuel input per year; (4) for the production of process emissions as tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent emitted per year
Name of product(s)
NACE code of activity
PRODCOM codes of product(s)
Identification as electricity generator
Historical activity levels	According to type of sub-installation; including for product benchmark sub-installations all annual production volumes on the basis of which the median has been determined
Throughput of all relevant CWT functions	For refinery and aromatics product benchmarks only
Data used for the calculation of the historical activity levels	At least for the lime, dolime, steam cracking, hydrogen and synthesis gas product benchmarks
Total greenhouse gas emissions	Direct emissions only; only if not all emissions in the installation stem from benchmarked products
Greenhouse gas emissions from fuels	Direct emissions only; only if not all emissions in the installation stem from benchmarked products
Greenhouse gas emissions from processes	Only if not all emissions in the installation stem from benchmarked products
Total energy input from fuels within the installation	Only if not all emissions in the installation stem from benchmarked products
Energy input from fuels within the installation not used for production of measurable heat	Only if not all emissions in the installation stem from benchmarked products
Energy input from fuels within the installation used for production of measurable heat	Only if not all emissions in the installation stem from benchmarked products
Measurable heat consumed	Only if not all emissions in the installation stem from benchmarked products
Measurable heat imported
Greenhouse gas emissions related to heat production exported to private households
Measurable heat exported	Only to consumers not covered by the Union scheme, clearly indicating whether or not the consumer is a private household
Electricity consumed in accordance with the relevant system boundary definition (Annex I)	Only for sub-installations belonging to a benchmark where the exchangeability of heat and electricity is relevant
Hydrogen used as fuel for the production of vinyl chloride monomer	Only for sub-installations belonging to the vinyl chloride monomer benchmark

ANNEX V

Parameters for data collection for new entrants

Parameter	Remarks
Name of product(s)
NACE code of activity
PRODCOM codes of product(s)
Initial installed capacity before the significant extension	Only for sub-installations which claim a significant extension of capacity
Added capacity (in case of significant extension)	Only for sub-installations which claim a significant extension of capacity
Installed capacity after the significant extension	Only for sub-installations which claim a significant extension of capacity
Initial installed capacity	Only for new entrants carrying out one or more of the activities indicated in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC, which have obtained a greenhouse gas emissions permit for the first time after 30 June 2011, or carrying out an activity which is included in the Community scheme pursuant to Article 24(1) or (2) for the first time; expressed: (1) for the product benchmark sub-installation in the unit defined for the product concerned in Annex I; (2) for the heat benchmark sub-installation as terajoule of measurable heat consumed for the production of products or the production of mechanical energy other than for the production of electricity, heating or cooling within the installation’s boundaries per year; (3) for the fuel benchmark sub-installation as terajoule of fuel input per year; (4) for the production of process emissions as tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent emitted per year
Relevant Capacity Utilisation Factor (RCUF)	For sub-installations other than product benchmark sub-installations
Projected measurable heat imported
Projected electricity consumed in accordance with the relevant system boundary definition (Annex I)	Only for sub-installations belonging to a benchmark where the exchangeability of heat and electricity is relevant
Projected hydrogen used as fuel for the production of vinyl chloride monomer	Only for sub-installations belonging to the vinyl chloride monomer benchmark
Start of normal operation	Expressed in a date
Date of start-up
Greenhouse gas emissions	Prior to the start of normal operation expressed in t CO2eq

ANNEX VI

FACTOR ENSURING THE TRANSITIONAL SYSTEM LEADING TO A DECREASE OF FREE ALLOCATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 10a(11) OF DIRECTIVE 2003/87/EC

Year	Value of the factor
2013	0,8
2014	0,7286
2015	0,6571
2016	0,5857
2017	0,5143
2018	0,4429
2019	0,3714
2020	0,3