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THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Article 130s thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission(1),
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament(2),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee(3),
Whereas the preservation, protection and improvement of the quality of the environment, including the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora, are an essential objective of general interest pursued by the Community, as stated in Article 130r of the Treaty;
Whereas the European Community policy and action programme on the environment (1987 to 1992)(4) makes provision for measures regarding the conservation of nature and natural resources;
Whereas, the main aim of this Directive being to promote the maintenance of biodiversity, taking account of economic, social, cultural and regional requirements, this Directive makes a contribution to the general objective of sustainable development; whereas the maintenance of such biodiversity may in certain cases require the maintenance, or indeed the encouragement, of human activities;
Whereas, in the European territory of the Member States, natural habitats are continuing to deteriorate and an increasing number of wild species are seriously threatened; whereas given that the threatened habitats and species form part of the Community's natural heritage and the threats to them are often of a transboundary nature, it is necessary to take measures at Community level in order to conserve them;
Whereas, in view of the threats to certain types of natural habitat and certain species, it is necessary to define them as having priority in order to favour the early implementation of measures to conserve them;
Whereas, in order to ensure the restoration or maintenance of natural habitats and species of Community interest at a favourable conservation status, it is necessary to designate special areas of conservation in order to create a coherent European ecological network according to a specified timetable;
Whereas all the areas designated, including those classified now or in the future as special protection areas pursuant to Council Directive 79/409/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds(5), will have to be incorporated into the coherent European ecological network;
Whereas it is appropriate, in each area designated, to implement the necessary measures having regard to the conservation objectives pursued;
Whereas sites eligible for designation as special areas of conservation are proposed by the Member States but whereas a procedure must nevertheless be laid down to allow the designation in exceptional cases of a site which has not been proposed by a Member State but which the Community considers essential for either the maintenance or the survival of a priority natural habitat type or a priority species;
Whereas an appropriate assessment must be made of any plan or programme likely to have a significant effect on the conservation objectives of a site which has been designated or is designated in future;
Whereas it is recognized that the adoption of measures intended to promote the conservation of priority natural habitats and priority species of Community interest is a common responsibility of all Member States; whereas this may, however, impose an excessive financial burden on certain Member States given, on the one hand, the uneven distribution of such habitats and species throughout the Community and, on the other hand, the fact that the ‘polluter pays’ principle can have only limited application in the special case of nature conservation;
Whereas it is therefore agreed that, in this exceptional case, a contribution by means of Community co-financing should be provided for within the limits of the resources made available under the Community's decisions;
Whereas land-use planning and development policies should encourage the management of features of the landscape which are of major importance for wild fauna and flora;
Whereas a system should be set up for surveillance of the conservation status of the natural habitats and species covered by this Directive;
Whereas a general system of protection is required for certain species of flora and fauna to complement Directive 79/409/EEC; whereas provision should be made for management measures for certain species, if their conservation status so warrants, including the prohibition of certain means of capture or killing, whilst providing for the possibility of derogations on certain conditions;
Whereas, with the aim of ensuring that the implementation of this Directive is monitored, the Commission will periodically prepare a composite report based, inter alia, on the information sent to it by the Member States regarding the application of national provisions adopted under this Directive;
Whereas the improvement of scientific and technical knowledge is essential for the implementation of this Directive; whereas it is consequently appropriate to encourage the necessary research and scientific work;
Whereas technical and scientific progress mean that it must be possible to adapt the Annexes; whereas a procedure should be established whereby the Council can amend the Annexes;
Whereas a regulatory committee should be set up to assist the Commission in the implementation of this Directive and in particular when decisions on Community co-financing are taken;
Whereas provision should be made for supplementary measures governing the reintroduction of certain native species of fauna and flora and the possible introduction of non-native species;
Whereas education and general information relating to the objectives of this Directive are essential for ensuring its effective implementation,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
For the purpose of this Directive:
conservation means a series of measures required to maintain or restore the natural habitats and the populations of species of wild fauna and flora at a favourable status as defined in (e) and (i);
natural habitats means terrestrial or aquatic areas distinguished by geographic, abiotic and biotic features, whether entirely natural or semi-natural;
natural habitat types of Community interest means those which, within the territory referred to in Article 2:
are in danger of disappearance in their natural range;
or
have a small natural range following their regression or by reason of their intrinsically restricted area;
or
[F1present outstanding examples of typical characteristics of one or more of the nine following biogeographical regions: Alpine, Atlantic, Black Sea, Boreal, Continental, Macaronesian, Mediterranean, Pannonian and Steppic.]
Such habitat types are listed or may be listed in Annex I;
priority natural habitat types means natural habitat types in danger of disappearence, which are present on the territory referred to in Article 2 and for the conservation of which the Community has particular responsibility in view of the proportion of their natural range which falls within the territory referred to in Article 2; these priority natural habitat types are indicated by an asterisk (*) in Annex I;
conservation status of a natural habitat means the sum of the influences acting on a natural habitat and its typical species that may affect its long-term natural distribution, structure and functions as well as the long-term survival of its typical species within the territory referred to in Article 2.
[X1The conservation status] of a natural habitat will be taken as ‘favourable’ when:
its natural range and areas it covers within that range are stable or increasing, and
the specific structure and functions which are necessary for its long-term maintenance exist and are likely to continue to exist for the foreseeable future, and
the conservation status of its typical species is favourable as defined in (i);
habitat of a species means an environment defined by specific abiotic and biotic factors, in which the species lives at any stage of its biological cycle;
species of Community interest means species which, within the territory referred to in Article 2, are:
endangered, except those species whose natural range is marginal in that territory and which are not endangered or vulnerable in the western palearctic region; or
vulnerable, i.e. believed likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue operating; or
rare, i.e. with small populations that are not at present endangered or vulnerable, but are at risk. The species are located within restricted geographical areas or are thinly scattered over a more extensive range; or
endemic and requiring particular attention by reason of the specific nature of their habitat and/or the potential impact of their exploitation on their habitat and/or the potential impact of their exploitation on their conservation status.
Such species are listed or may be listed in Annex II and/or Annex IV or V;
priority species means species referred to in (g) (i) for the conservation of which the Community has particular responsibility in view of the proportion of their natural range which falls within the territory referred to in Article 2; these priority species are indicated by an asterisk (*) in Annex II;
conservation status of a species means the sum of the influences acting on the species concerned that may affect the long-term distribution and abundance of its populations within the territory referred to in Article 2;
The conservation status will be taken as ‘favourable’ when:
population dynamics data on the species concerned indicate that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its natural habitats, and
the natural range of the species is neither being reduced nor is likely to be reduced for the foreseeable future, and
there is, and will probably continue to be, a sufficiently large habitat to maintain its populations on a long-term basis;
site means a geographically defined area whose extent is clearly delineated;
site of Community importance means a site which, in the biogeographical region or regions to which [X1it belongs,] contributes significantly to the maintenance or restoration at a favourable conservation status of a natural habitat type in Annex I or of a species in Annex II and may also contribute significantly to the coherence of Natura 2000 referred to in Article 3, and/or contributes significantly to the maintenance of biological diversity within the biogeographic region or regions concerned.
For animal species ranging over wide areas, sites of Community importance shall correspond to the places within the natural range of such species which present the physical or biological factors essential to their life and reproduction;
special area of conservation means a site of Community importance designated by the Member States through a statutory, administrative and/or contractual act where the necessary conservation measures are applied for the maintenance or restoration, at a favourable conservation status, of the natural habitats and/or the populations of the species for which the site is designated;
specimen means any animal or plant, whether alive or dead, of the species listed in Annex IV and Annex V, any part or derivative thereof, as well as any other goods which appear, from an accompanying document, the packaging or a mark or label, or from any other circumstances, to be parts or derivatives of animals or plants of those species;
the committee means the committee set up pursuant to Article 20.
Editorial Information
X1 Substituted by Corrigendum to Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (Official Journal of the European Communities No L 206 of 22 July 1992).
Textual Amendments
1.The aim of this Directive shall be to contribute towards ensuring bio-diversity through the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora in the European territory of the Member States to which the Treaty applies.
2.Measures taken pursuant to this Directive shall be designed to maintain or restore, at favourable conservation status, natural habitats and species of wild fauna and flora of Community interest.
3.Measures taken pursuant to this Directive shall take account of economic, social and cultural requirements and regional and local characteristics.
1.A coherent European ecological network of special areas of conservation shall be set up under the title Natura 2000. This network, composed of sites hosting the natural habitat types listed in Annex I and habitats of the species listed in Annex II, shall enable the natural habitat types and the species' habitats concerned to be maintained or, where appropriate, restored at a favourable conservation status in their natural range.
The Natura 2000 network shall include the special protection areas classified by the Member States pursuant to Directive 79/409/EEC.
2.Each Member State shall contribute to the creation of Natura 2000 in proportion to the representation within its territory of the natural habitat types and the habitats of species referred to in paragraph 1. To that effect each Member State shall designate, in accordance with Article 4, sites as special areas of conservation taking account of the objectives set out in paragraph 1.
3.Where they consider it necessary, Member States shall endeavour to improve the ecological coherence of Natura 2000 by maintaining, and where appropriate developing, features of the landscape which are of major importance for wild fauna and flora, as referred to in Article 10.
1.On the basis of the criteria set out in Annex III (Stage 1) and relevant scientific information, each Member State shall propose a list of sites indicating which natural habitat types in Annex I and which species in Annex II that are native to its territory the sites host. For animal species ranging over wide areas these sites shall correspond to the places within the natural range of such species which present the physical or biological factors essential to their life and reproduction. For aquatic species which range over wide areas, such sites will be proposed only where there is a clearly identifiable area representing the physical and biological factors essential to their life and reproduction. Where appropriate, Member States shall propose adaptation of the list in the light of the results of the surveillance referred to in Article 11.
The list shall be transmitted to the Commission, within three years of the notification of this Directive, together with information on each site. That information shall include a map of the site, its name, location, extent and the data resulting from application of the criteria specified in Annex III (Stage 1) provided in a format established by the Commission in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 21.
2.On the basis of the criteria set out in Annex III (Stage 2) and in the framework both of each of the [F1nine] biogeographical regions referred to in Article 1 (c) (iii) and of the whole of the territory referred to in Article 2 (1), the Commission shall establish, in agreement with each Member State, a draft list of sites of Community importance drawn from the Member States' lists identifying [X1those which host one] or more priority natural habitat types or priority species.
Member States whose sites hosting one or more priority natural habitat types and priority species represent more than 5 % of their national territory may, in agreement with the Commission, request that the criteria listed in Annex III (Stage 2) be applied more flexibly in selecting all the sites of Community importance in their territory.
The list of sites selected as sites of Community importance, identifying those which host one or more priority natural habitat types or priority species, shall be adopted by the Commission in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 21.
3.The list referred to in paragraph 2 shall be established within six years of the notification of this Directive.
4.Once a site of Community importance has been adopted in accordance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 2, the Member State concerned shall designate that site as a special area of conservation as soon as possible and within six years at most, establishing priorities in the light of the importance of the sites for the maintenance or restoration, at a favourable conservation status, of a natural habitat type in Annex I or a species in Annex II and for the coherence of Natura 2000, and in the light of the threats of degradation or destruction to which those sites are exposed.
5.As soon as a site is placed on the list referred to in the third subparagraph of paragraph 2 it shall be subject to Article 6 (2), (3) and (4).
Editorial Information
X1 Substituted by Corrigendum to Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (Official Journal of the European Communities No L 206 of 22 July 1992).
Textual Amendments
1.In exceptional cases where the Commission finds that a national list as referred to in Article 4 (1) fails to mention a site hosting a priority natural habitat type or priority species which, on the basis of relevant and reliable scientific information, it considers to be essential for the maintenance of that priority natural habitat type or for the survival of that priority species, a bilateral consultation procedure shall be initiated between that Member State and the Commission for the purpose of comparing the scientific data used by each.
2.If, on expiry of a consultation period not exceeding six months, the dispute remains unresolved, the Commission shall forward to the Council a proposal relating to the selection of the site as a site of Community importance.
3.The Council, acting unanimously, shall take a decision within three months of the date of referral.
4.During the consultation period and pending a Council decision, the site concerned shall be subject to Article 6 (2).
1.For special areas of conservation, Member States shall establish the necessary conservation measures involving, if need be, appropriate management plans specifically designed for the sites or integrated into other development plans, and appropriate statutory, administrative or contractual measures which correspond to the ecological requirements of the natural habitat types in Annex I and the species in Annex II present on the sites.
2.Member States shall take appropriate steps to avoid, in the special areas of conservation, the deterioration of natural habitats and the habitats of species as well as disturbance of the species for which the areas have been designated, in so far as such disturbance could be significant in relation to the objectives of this Directive.
3.Any plan or project not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site but likely to have a significant effect thereon, either individually or in combination with other plans or projects, shall be subject to appropriate assessment of its implications for the site in view of the site's conservation objectives. In the light of the conclusions of the assessment of the implications for the site and subject to the provisions of paragraph 4, the competent national authorities shall agree to the plan or project only after having ascertained that it will not adversely affect the integrity of the site concerned and, if appropriate, after having obtained the opinion of the general public.
4.If, in spite of a negative assessment of the implications for the site and in the absence of alternative solutions, a plan or project must nevertheless be carried out for imperative reasons of overriding public interest, including those of a social or economic nature, the Member State shall take all compensatory measures necessary to ensure that the overall coherence of Natura 2000 is protected. It shall inform the Commission of the compensatory measures adopted.
Where the site concerned hosts a priority natural habitat type and/or a priority species, the only considerations which may be raised are those relating to human health or public safety, to beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment or, further to an opinion from the Commission, to other imperative reasons of overriding public interest.
Obligations arising under Article 6 (2), (3) and (4) of this Directive shall replace any obligations arising under the first sentence of Article 4 (4) of Directive 79/409/EEC in respect of areas classified pursuant to Article 4 (1) or similarly recognized under Article 4 (2) thereof, as from the date of implementation of this Directive or the date of classification or recognition by a Member State under Directive 79/409/EEC, where the latter date is later.
1.In parallel with their proposals for sites eligible for designation as special areas of conservation, hosting priority natural habitat types and/or priority species, the Member States shall send, as appropriate, to the Commission their estimates relating to the Community co-financing which they consider necessary to allow them to meet their obligations pursuant to Article 6 (1).
2.In agreement with each of the Member States concerned, the Commission shall identify, for sites of Community importance for which co-financing is sought, those measures essential for the maintenance or re-establishment at a favourable conservation status of the priority natural habitat types and priority species on the sites concerned, as well as the total costs arising from those measures.
3.The Commission, in agreement with the Member States concerned, shall assess the financing, including co-financing, required for the operation of the measures referred to in paragraph 2, taking into account, amongst other things, the concentration on the Member State's territory of priority natural habitat types and/or priority species and the relative burdens which the required measures entail.
4.According to the assessment referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3, the Commission shall adopt, having regard to the available sources of funding under the relevant Community instruments and according to the procedure set out in Article 21, a prioritized action framework of measures involving co-financing to be taken when the site has been designated under Article 4 (4).
5.The measures which have not been retained in the action framework for lack of sufficient resources, as well as those included in the abovementioned action framework which have not received the necessary co-financing or have only been partially co-financed, shall be reconsidered in accordance with the procedure set out in Article 21, in the context of the two-yearly review of the action framework and may, in the maintime, be postponed by the Member States pending such review. This review shall take into account, as appropriate, the new situation of the site concerned.
6.In areas where the measures dependent on co-financing are postponed, Member States shall refrain from any new measures likely to result in deterioration of those areas.
The Commission, acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 21, shall periodically review the contribution of Natura 2000 towards achievement of the objectives set out in Article 2 and 3. In this context, a special area of conservation may be considered for declassification where this is warranted by natural developments noted as a result of the surveillance provided for in Article 11.
Member States shall endeavour, where they consider it necessary, in their land-use planning and development policies and, in particular, with a view to improving the ecological [X1coherence of the Natura] 2000 network, to encourage the management of features of the landscape which are of major importance for wild fauna and flora.
Such features are those which, by virtue of their linear and continuous structure (such as rivers with their banks or the traditional systems for marking field boundaries) or their function as stepping stones (such as ponds or small woods), are essential for the migration, dispersal and genetic exchange of wild species.
Editorial Information
Member States shall undertake surveillance of the conservation status of the natural habitats and species referred to in Article 2 with particular regard to priority natural habitat types and priority species.
1.Member States shall take the requisite measures to establish a system of strict protection for the animal species listed in Annex IV (a) in their natural range, prohibiting:
(a)all forms of deliberate capture or killing of specimens of these species in the wild;
(b)deliberate disturbance of these species, particularly during the period of breeding, rearing, hibernation and migration;
(c)deliberate destruction or taking of eggs from the wild;
(d)deterioration or destruction of breeding sites or resting places.
2.For these species, Member States shall prohibit the keeping, transport and sale or exchange, and offering for sale or exchange, of specimens taken from the wild, except for those taken legally before this Directive is implemented.
3.The prohibition referred to in paragraph 1 (a) and (b) and paragraph 2 shall apply to all stages of life of the animals to which this Article applies.
4.Member States shall establish a system to monitor the incidential capture and killing of the animal species listed in Annex IV (a). In the light of the information gathered, Member States shall take further research or conservation measures as required to ensure that incidental capture and killing does not have a significant negative impact on the species concerned.
1.Member States shall take the requisite measures to establish a system of strict protection for the plant species listed in Annex IV (b), prohibiting:
(a)the deliberate picking, collecting, cutting, uprooting or destruction of such plants in their natural range in the wild;
(b)the keeping, transport and sale or exchange and offering for sale or exchange of specimens of such species taken in the wild, except for those taken legally before this Directive is implemented.
2.The prohibitions referred to in paragraph 1 (a) and (b) shall apply to all stages of the biological cycle of the plants to which this Article applies.
1.If, in the light of the surveillance provided for in Article 11, Member States deem it necessary, they shall take measures to ensure that the taking in the wild of specimens of species of wild fauna and flora listed in Annex V as well as their exploitation is compatible with their being maintained at a favourable conservation status.
2.Where such measures are deemed necessary, they shall include continuation of the surveillance provided for in Article 11. Such measures may also include in particular:
regulations regarding access to certain property,
temporary or local prohibition of the taking of specimens in the wild and exploitation of certain populations,
regulation of the periods and/or methods of taking specimens,
application, when specimens are taken, of hunting and fishing rules which take account of the conservation of such populations,
establishment of a system of licences for taking specimens or of quotas,
regulation of the purchase, sale, offering for sale, keeping for sale or transport for sale of specimens,
breeding in captivity of animal species as well as artificial propagation of plant species, under strictly controlled conditions, with a view to reducing the taking of specimens of the wild,
assessment of the effect of the measures adopted.
In respect of the capture or killing of species of wild fauna listed in Annex V (a) and in cases where, in accordance with Article 16, derogations are applied to the taking, capture or killing of species listed in Annex IV (a), Member States shall prohibit the use of all indiscriminate means capable of causing local disappearance of, or serious disturbance to, populations of such species, and in particular:
use of the means of capture and killing listed in Annex VI (a);
any form of capture and killing from the modes of transport referred to in Annex VI (b).
1.Provided that there is no satisfactory alternative and the derogation is not detrimental to the maintenance of the populations of the species concerned at a favourable conservation status in their natural range, Member States may derogate from the provisions of Articles 12, 13, 14 and 15 (a) and (b):
(a)in the interest of protecting wild fauna and flora and conserving natural habitats;
(b)to prevent serious damage, in particular to crops, livestock, forests, fisheries and water and other types of property;
(c)in the interests of public health and public safety, or for other imperative reasons of overriding public interest, including those of a social or economic nature and beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment;
(d)for the purpose of research and education, of repopulating and re-introducing these species and for the breedings operations necessary for these purposes, including the artificial propagation of plants;
(e)to allow, under strictly supervised conditions, on a selective basis and to a limited extent, the taking or keeping of certain specimens of the species listed in Annex IV in limited numbers specified by the competent national authorities.
2.Member States shall forward to the Commission every two years a report in accordance with the format established by the Committee on the derogations applied under paragraph 1. The Commission shall give its opinion on these derogations within a maximum time limit of 12 months following receipt of the report and shall give an account to the Committee.
3.The reports shall specify:
(a)the species which are subject to the derogations and the reason for the derogation, including the nature of the risk, with, if appropriate, a reference to alternatives rejected and scientific data used;
(b)the means, devices or methods authorized for the capture or killing of animal species and the reasons for their use;
(c)the circumstances of when and where such derogations are granted;
(d)the authority empowered to declare and check that the required conditions obtain and to decide what means, devices or methods may be used, within what limits and by what agencies, and which persons [X1are to carry out the] task;
(e)the supervisory measures used and the results obtained.
Editorial Information
1.Every six years from the date of expiry of the period laid down in Article 23, Member States shall draw up a report on the implementation of the measures taken under this Directive. This report shall include in particular information concerning the conservation measures referred to in Article 6 (1) as well as evaluation of the impact of those measures on the conservation status of the natural habitat types of Annex I and the species in Annex II and the main results of the surveillance referred to in Article 11. The report, in accordance with the format established by the committee, shall be forwarded to the Commission and made accessible to the public.
2.The Commission shall prepare a composite report based on the reports referred to in paragraph 1. This report shall include an appropriate evaluation of the progress achieved and, in particular, of the contribution of Natura 2000 to the achievement of the objectives set out in Article 3. A draft of the part of the report covering the information supplied by a Member State shall be forwarded to the Member State in question for verification. After submission to the committee, the final version of the report shall be published by the Commission, not later than two years after receipt of the reports referred to in paragraph 1, and shall be forwarded to the Member States, the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee.
3.Member States may mark areas designated under this Directive by means of Community notices designed for that purpose by the committee.
1.Member States and the Commission shall encourage the necessary research and scientific work having regard to the objectives set out in Article 2 and the obligation referred to in Article 11. They shall exchange information for the purposes of proper coordination of research carried out at Member State and at Community level.
2.Particular attention shall be paid to scientific work necessary for the implementation of Articles 4 and 10, and transboundary cooperative research between Member States shall be encouraged.
Such amendments as are necessary for adapting Annexes I, II, III, V and VI to technical and scientific progress shall be adopted by the Council acting by qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission.
Such amendments as are necessary for adapting Annex IV to technical and scientific progress shall be adopted by the Council acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission.
The Commission shall be assisted by a committee.
Textual Amendments
F2 Substituted by Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 September 2003 adapting to Council Decision 1999/468/EC the provisions relating to committees which assist the Commission in the exercise of its implementing powers laid down in instruments subject to the procedure referred to in Article 251 of the EC Treaty.
1. Where reference is made to this Article, Articles 5 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC (6) shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.
The period laid down in Article 5(6) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be set at three months.
2. The Committee shall adopt its rules of procedure.]
Textual Amendments
F2 Substituted by Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 September 2003 adapting to Council Decision 1999/468/EC the provisions relating to committees which assist the Commission in the exercise of its implementing powers laid down in instruments subject to the procedure referred to in Article 251 of the EC Treaty.
In implementing the provisions of this Directive, Member States shall:
study the desirability of re-introducing species in Annex IV that are native to their territory where this might contribute to their conservation, provided that an investigation, also taking into account experience in other Member States or elsewhere, has established that such re-introduction contributes effectively to re-establishing these species at a favourable conservation status and that it takes place only after proper consultation of the public concerned;
ensure that the deliberate introduction into the wild of any species which is not native to their territory is regulated so as not to prejudice natural habitats within their natural range or the wild native fauna and flora and, if they consider it necessary, prohibit such introduction. The results of the assessment undertaken shall be forwarded to the committee for information;
promote education and general information on the need to protect species of wild fauna and flora and to conserve their habitats and natural habitats.
1.Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive within two years of its notification. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
2.When Member States adopt such measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such a reference shall be laid down by the Member States.
3.Member States shall communicate to the Commission the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Textual Amendments
Guidance on the interpretation of habitat types is given in the Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats as approved by the committee set up under Article 20 (‘Habitats Committee’) and published by the European Commission (7) .
The code corresponds to the Natura 2000 code.
The sign ‘ * ’ indicates priority habitat types.
Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the time
* Posidonia beds ( Posidonion oceanicae )
Estuaries
Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide
* Coastal lagoons
Large shallow inlets and bays
Reefs
Submarine structures made by leaking gases
Annual vegetation of drift lines
Perennial vegetation of stony banks
Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic Coasts
Vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with endemic Limonium spp.
Vegetated sea cliffs with endemic flora of the Macaronesian coasts
Salicornia and other annuals colonizing mud and sand
Spartina swards ( Spartinion maritimae )
Atlantic salt meadows ( Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae )
* Inland salt meadows
Mediterranean salt meadows ( Juncetalia maritimi )
Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs ( Sarcocornetea fruticosi )
Halo-nitrophilous scrubs ( Pegano-Salsoletea )
* Mediterranean salt steppes ( Limonietalia )
* Iberian gypsum vegetation ( Gypsophiletalia )
* Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes
Baltic esker islands with sandy, rocky and shingle beach vegetation and sublittoral vegetation
Boreal Baltic islets and small islands
* Boreal Baltic coastal meadows
Boreal Baltic sandy beaches with perennial vegetation
Boreal Baltic narrow inlets
Embryonic shifting dunes
Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (‘white dunes’)
* Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation ( ‘ grey dunes ’ )
* Decalcified fixed dunes with Empetrum nigrum
* Atlantic decalcified fixed dunes ( Calluno-Ulicetea )
Dunes with Hippophaë rhamnoides
Dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea ( Salicion arenariae )
Wooded dunes of the Atlantic, Continental and Boreal region
Humid dune slacks
Machairs (* in Ireland)
Crucianellion maritimae fixed beach dunes
Dunes with Euphorbia terracina
Malcolmietalia dune grasslands
Brachypodietalia dune grasslands with annuals
* Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp.
Cisto-Lavenduletalia dune sclerophyllous scrubs
* Wooded dunes with Pinus pinea and/or Pinus pinaster
Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Genista
Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Empetrum nigrum
Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands
* Pannonic inland dunes
Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains ( Littorelletalia uniflorae )
Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals generally on sandy soils of the West Mediterranean, with Isoetes spp.
Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea
Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp.
Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition — type vegetation
Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds
* Mediterranean temporary ponds
* Turloughs
Lakes of gypsum karst
* Transylvanian hot-spring lotus beds
Fennoscandian natural rivers
Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks
Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Myricaria germanica
Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Salix elaeagnos
Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Glaucium flavum
Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation
Rivers with muddy banks with Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p. vegetation
Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Paspalo-Agrostidion species and hanging curtains of Salix and Populus alba
Intermittently flowing Mediterranean rivers of the Paspalo-Agrostidion
Tufa cascades of karstic rivers in the Dinaric Alps
Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix
* Temperate Atlantic wet heaths with Erica ciliaris and Erica tetralix
European dry heaths
* Dry Atlantic coastal heaths with Erica vagans
* Endemic macaronesian heaths
Alpine and Boreal heaths
* Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum ( Mugo-Rhododendretum hirsuti )
Sub-Arctic Salix spp. Scrub
Endemic oro-Mediterranean heaths with gorse
* Subcontinental peri-Pannonic scrub
Rhodope Potentilla fruticosa thickets
* Ponto-Sarmatic deciduous thickets
Stable xerothermophilous formations with Buxus sempervirens on rock slopes ( Berberidion p.p.)
Mountain Cytisus purgans formations
Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands
* Cistus palhinhae formations on maritime wet heaths
Arborescent matorral with Juniperus spp.
* Arborescent matorral with Zyziphus
* Arborescent matorral with Laurus nobilis
Laurus nobilis thickets
Low formations of Euphorbia close to cliffs
Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub
West Mediterranean clifftop phryganas ( Astragalo-Plantaginetum subulatae )
Sarcopoterium spinosum phryganas
Endemic phryganas of the Euphorbio-Verbascion
* Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic grasslands of the Alysso-Sedion albi
* Xeric sand calcareous grasslands
Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae
Siliceous Pyrenean Festuca eskia grasslands
Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands
Oro-Iberian Festuca indigesta grasslands
Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands
Macaronesian mesophile grasslands
Rupicolous pannonic grasslands ( Stipo-Festucetalia pallentis )
Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates ( Festuco-Brometalia ) (* important orchid sites)
* Pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea
* Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on silicious substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas in Continental Europe)
* Sub-Pannonic steppic grasslands
* Pannonic loess steppic grasslands
* Pannonic sand steppes
* Fennoscandian lowland species-rich dry to mesic grasslands
* Nordic alvar and precambrian calcareous flatrocks
Eastern sub-Mediterranean dry grasslands ( Scorzoneratalia villosae )
* Serpentinophilous grassland of Cyprus
* Ponto-Sarmatic steppes
Oro-Moesian acidophilous grasslands
Dehesas with evergreen Quercus spp.
Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils ( Molinion caeruleae )
Mediterranean tall humid grasslands of the Molinio-Holoschoenion
Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels
Alluvial meadows of river valleys of the Cnidion dubii
Northern boreal alluvial meadows
Peat grasslands of Troodos
Lowland hay meadows ( Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis )
Mountain hay meadows
* Fennoscandian wooded meadows
Sub-Mediterranean grasslands of the Molinio-Hordeion secalini
* Active raised bogs
Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration
Blanket bogs (* if active bog)
Transition mires and quaking bogs
Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion
Fennoscandian mineral-rich springs and springfens
* Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae
* Petrifying springs with tufa formation ( Cratoneurion )
Alkaline fens
* Alpine pioneer formations of the Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae
* Aapa mires
* Palsa mires
Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels ( Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani )
Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels ( Thlaspietea rotundifolii )
Western Mediterranean and thermophilous scree
Eastern Mediterranean screes
Medio-European upland siliceous screes
* Medio-European calcareous scree of hill and montane levels
Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation
Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation
Siliceous rock with pioneer vegetation of the Sedo-Scleranthion or of the Sedo albi-Veronicion dillenii
* Limestone pavements
Caves not open to the public
Fields of lava and natural excavations
Submerged or partially submerged sea caves
Permanent glaciers
(Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest
* Western Taïga
* Fennoscandian hemiboreal natural old broad-leaved deciduous forests ( Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Fraxinus or Ulmus ) rich in epiphytes
* Natural forests of primary succession stages of landupheaval coast
Nordic subalpine/subarctic forests with Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii
Fennoscandian herb-rich forests with Picea abies
Coniferous forests on, or connected to, glaciofluvial eskers
Fennoscandian wooded pastures
* Fennoscandian deciduous swamp woods
Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests
Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the shrublayer ( Quercion robori-petraeae or Ilici-Fagenion )
Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests
Medio-European subalpine beech woods with Acer and Rumex arifolius
Medio-European limestone beech forests of the Cephalanthero-Fagion
Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli
Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests
* Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines
Old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains
Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles
Thermophilous Fraxinus angustifolia woods
* Caledonian forest
* Bog woodland
* Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior ( Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae )
Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor , Fraxinus excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia , along the great rivers ( Ulmenion minoris )
* Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus
* Pannonian woods with Quercus pubescens
* Euro-Siberian steppic woods with Quercus spp.
* Taxus baccata woods of the British Isles
Illyrian Fagus sylvatica forests ( Aremonio-Fagion )
Illyrian oak-hornbeam forests ( Erythronio-Carpinion )
Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak — sessile oak forests
* Pannonic inland sand dune thicket ( Junipero-Populetum albae )
Holy Cross fir forest ( Abietetum polonicum )
Western Carpathian calcicolous Pinus sylvestris forests
Dinaric dolomite Scots pine forests ( Genisto januensis-Pinetum )
* Western Pontic beech forests
Central European lichen Scots pine forests
Sarmatic steppe pine forest
Dacian Beech forests ( Symphyto-Fagion )
Moesian beech forests
* Dobrogean beech forests
Dacian oak & hornbeam forests
Moesian silver lime woods
* Eastern white oak woods
Moesian silver fir forests
Rhodopide and Balkan Range Scots pine forests
* Apeninne beech forests with Taxus and Ilex
* Apennine beech forests with Abies alba and beech forests with Abies nebrodensis
Galicio-Portuguese oak woods with Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica
Quercus faginea and Quercus canariensis Iberian woods
Quercus trojana woods
Castanea sativa woods
Hellenic beech forests with Abies borisii-regis
Quercus frainetto woods
Cupressus forests ( Acero-Cupression )
Salix alba and Populus alba galleries
Riparian formations on intermittent Mediterranean water courses with Rhododendron ponticum, Salix and others
Platanus orientalis and Liquidambar orientalis woods ( Platanion orientalis )
Southern riparian galleries and thickets ( Nerio-Tamaricetea and Securinegion tinctoriae )
Aegean Quercus brachyphylla woods
Olea and Ceratonia forests
Quercus suber forests
Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia forests
Quercus macrolepis forests
* Macaronesian laurel forests ( Laurus, Ocotea )
* Palm groves of Phoenix
Forests of Ilex aquifolium
* Scrub and low forest vegetation with Quercus alnifolia
Woodlands with Quercus infectoria ( Anagyro foetidae-Quercetum infectoriae )
Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels ( Vaccinio-Piceetea )
Alpine Larix decidua and/or Pinus cembra forests
Subalpine and montane Pinus uncinata forests (* if on gypsum or limestone)
* Southern Apennine Abies alba forests
Abies pinsapo forests
* (Sub-) Mediterranean pine forests with endemic black pines
Mediterranean pine forests with endemic Mesogean pines
Canarian endemic pine forests
* Endemic forests with Juniperus spp.
* Tetraclinis articulata forests
* Mediterranean Taxus baccata woods
* Cedrus brevifolia forests ( Cedrosetum brevifoliae )
High oro-Mediterranean pine forests]
by the name of the species or subspecies, or
by all the species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of that taxon.
The abbreviation ‘ spp. ’ after the name of a family or genus designates all the species belonging to that family or genus.
An asterisk (*) before the name of a species indicates that it is a priority species.
Most species listed in this Annex are also listed in Annex IV. Where a species appears in this Annex but does not appear in either Annex IV or Annex V, the species name is followed by the symbol (o); where a species which appears in this Annex also appears in Annex V but does not appear in Annex IV, its name is followed by the symbol (V).
Galemys pyrenaicus
Rhinolophus blasii
Rhinolophus euryale
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
Rhinolophus hipposideros
Rhinolophus mehelyi
Barbastella barbastellus
Miniopterus schreibersii
Myotis bechsteinii
Myotis blythii
Myotis capaccinii
Myotis dasycneme
Myotis emarginatus
Myotis myotis
Rousettus aegyptiacus
Myomimus roachi
* Marmota marmota latirostris
* Pteromys volans (Sciuropterus russicus)
Spermophilus citellus (Citellus citellus)
* Spermophilus suslicus (Citellus suslicus)
Castor fiber (except the Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Finnish and Swedish populations)
Mesocricetus newtoni
Dinaromys bogdanovi
Microtus cabrerae
* Microtus oeconomus arenicola
* Microtus oeconomus mehelyi
Microtus tatricus
Sicista subtilis
* Alopex lagopus
* Canis lupus (except the Estonian population; Greek populations: only south of the 39th parallel; Spanish populations: only those south of the Duero; Latvian, Lithuanian and Finnish populations).
* Ursus arctos (except the Estonian, Finnish and Swedish populations)
* Gulo gulo
Lutra lutra
Mustela eversmanii
* Mustela lutreola
Vormela peregusna
Lynx lynx (except the Estonian, Latvian and Finnish populations)
* Lynx pardinus
Halichoerus grypus (V)
* Monachus monachus
Phoca hispida bottnica (V)
* Phoca hispida saimensis
Phoca vitulina (V)
* Cervus elaphus corsicanus
Rangifer tarandus fennicus (o)
* Bison bonasus
Capra aegagrus (natural populations)
* Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica
Ovis gmelini musimon (Ovis ammon musimon) (natural populations — Corsica and Sardinia)
Ovis orientalis ophion (Ovis gmelini ophion)
* Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata ( Rupicapra rupicapra ornata )
Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica
* Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica
Phocoena phocoena
Tursiops truncatus
Testudo graeca
Testudo hermanni
Testudo marginata
* Caretta caretta
* Chelonia mydas
Emys orbicularis
Mauremys caspica
Mauremys leprosa
Dinarolacerta mosorensis
Lacerta bonnali (Lacerta monticola)
Lacerta monticola
Lacerta schreiberi
Gallotia galloti insulanagae
* Gallotia simonyi
Podarcis lilfordi
Podarcis pityusensis
Chalcides simonyi (Chalcides occidentalis)
Phyllodactylus europaeus
* Coluber cypriensis
Elaphe quatuorlineata
Elaphe situla
* Natrix natrix cypriaca
* Macrovipera schweizeri (Vipera lebetina schweizeri)
Vipera ursinii (except Vipera ursinii rakosiensis and Vipera ursinii macrops )
* Vipera ursinii macrops
* Vipera ursinii rakosiensis
Chioglossa lusitanica
Mertensiella luschani (Salamandra luschani)
* Salamandra aurorae (Salamandra atra aurorae)
Salamandrina terdigitata
Triturus carnifex (Triturus cristatus carnifex)
Triturus cristatus (Triturus cristatus cristatus)
Triturus dobrogicus (Triturus cristatus dobrogicus)
Triturus karelinii (Triturus cristatus karelinii)
Triturus montandoni
Triturus vulgaris ampelensis
* Proteus anguinus
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) ambrosii
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) flavus
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) genei
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) imperialis
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) strinatii
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) supramontis
* Alytes muletensis
Bombina bombina
Bombina variegata
Discoglossus galganoi (including Discoglossus ‘ jeanneae ’ )
Discoglossus montalentii
Discoglossus sardus
Rana latastei
* Pelobates fuscus insubricus
Eudontomyzon spp. (o)
Lampetra fluviatilis (V) (except the Finnish and Swedish populations)
Lampetra planeri (o) (except the Estonian, Finnish, and Swedish populations)
Lethenteron zanandreai (V)
Petromyzon marinus (o) (except the Swedish populations)
* Acipenser naccarii
* Acipenser sturio
Alosa spp. (V)
Hucho hucho (natural populations) (V)
Salmo macrostigma (o)
Salmo marmoratus (o)
Salmo salar (only in fresh water) (V) (except the Finnish populations)
Salmothymus obtusirostris (o)
* Coregonus oxyrhynchus (anadromous populations in certain sectors of the North Sea)
Umbra krameri (o)
Alburnus albidus (o) (Alburnus vulturius)
Aulopyge huegelii (o)
Anaecypris hispanica
Aspius aspius (V) (except the Finnish populations)
Barbus comiza (V)
Barbus meridionalis (V)
Barbus plebejus (V)
Chalcalburnus chalcoides (o)
Chondrostoma genei (o)
Chondrostoma knerii (o)
Chondrostoma lusitanicum (o)
Chondrostoma phoxinus (o)
Chondrostoma polylepis (o) (including C. willkommi )
Chondrostoma soetta (o)
Chondrostoma toxostoma (o)
Gobio albipinnatus (o)
Gobio kessleri (o)
Gobio uranoscopus (o)
Iberocypris palaciosi (o)
* Ladigesocypris ghigii (o)
Leuciscus lucumonis (o)
Leuciscus souffia (o)
Pelecus cultratus (V)
Phoxinellus spp. (o)
* Phoxinus percnurus
Rhodeus sericeus amarus (o)
Rutilus pigus (V)
Rutilus rubilio (o)
Rutilus arcasii (o)
Rutilus macrolepidotus (o)
Rutilus lemmingii (o)
Rutilus frisii meidingeri (V)
Rutilus alburnoides (o)
Scardinius graecus (o)
Squalius microlepis (o)
Squalius svallize (o)
Cobitis elongata (o)
Cobitis taenia (o) (except the Finnish populations)
Cobitis trichonica (o)
Misgurnus fossilis (o)
Sabanejewia aurata (o)
Sabanejewia larvata (o) ( Cobitis larvata and Cobitis conspersa )
Silurus aristotelis (V)
Aphanius iberus (o)
Aphanius fasciatus (o)
* Valencia hispanica
* Valencia letourneuxi (Valencia hispanica)
Gymnocephalus baloni
Gymnocephalus schraetzer (V)
* Romanichthys valsanicola
Zingel spp. ((o) except Zingel asper and Zingel zingel (V))
Knipowitschia croatica (o)
Knipowitschia (Padogobius) panizzae (o)
Padogobius nigricans (o)
Pomatoschistus canestrini (o)
Cottus gobio (o) (except the Finnish populations)
Cottus petiti (o)
Austropotamobius pallipes (V)
* Austropotamobius torrentium (V)
* Armadillidium ghardalamensis
Agathidium pulchellum (o)
Bolbelasmus unicornis
Boros schneideri (o)
Buprestis splendens
Carabus hampei
Carabus hungaricus
* Carabus menetriesi pacholei
* Carabus olympiae
Carabus variolosus
Carabus zawadszkii
Cerambyx cerdo
Corticaria planula (o)
Cucujus cinnaberinus
Dorcadion fulvum cervae
Duvalius gebhardti
Duvalius hungaricus
Dytiscus latissimus
Graphoderus bilineatus
Leptodirus hochenwarti
Limoniscus violaceus (o)
Lucanus cervus (o)
Macroplea pubipennis (o)
Mesosa myops (o)
Morimus funereus (o)
* Osmoderma eremita
Oxyporus mannerheimii (o)
Pilemia tigrina
* Phryganophilus ruficollis
Probaticus subrugosus
Propomacrus cypriacus
* Pseudogaurotina excellens
Pseudoseriscius cameroni
Pytho kolwensis
Rhysodes sulcatus (o)
* Rosalia alpina
Stephanopachys linearis (o)
Stephanopachys substriatus (o)
Xyletinus tremulicola (o)
Aradus angularis (o)
Agriades glandon aquilo (o)
Arytrura musculus
* Callimorpha (Euplagia, Panaxia) quadripunctaria (o)
Catopta thrips
Chondrosoma fiduciarium
Clossiana improba (o)
Coenonympha oedippus
Colias myrmidone
Cucullia mixta
Dioszeghyana schmidtii
Erannis ankeraria
Erebia calcaria
Erebia christi
Erebia medusa polaris (o)
Eriogaster catax
Euphydryas (Eurodryas, Hypodryas) aurinia (o)
Glyphipterix loricatella
Gortyna borelii lunata
Graellsia isabellae (V)
Hesperia comma catena (o)
Hypodryas maturna
Leptidea morsei
Lignyoptera fumidaria
Lycaena dispar
Lycaena helle
Maculinea nausithous
Maculinea teleius
Melanargia arge
* Nymphalis vaualbum
Papilio hospiton
Phyllometra culminaria
Plebicula golgus
Polymixis rufocincta isolata
Polyommatus eroides
Proterebia afra dalmata
Pseudophilotes bavius
Xestia borealis (o)
Xestia brunneopicta (o)
* Xylomoia strix
Apteromantis aptera
Coenagrion hylas (o)
Coenagrion mercuriale (o)
Coenagrion ornatum (o)
Cordulegaster heros
Cordulegaster trinacriae
Gomphus graslinii
Leucorrhinia pectoralis
Lindenia tetraphylla
Macromia splendens
Ophiogomphus cecilia
Oxygastra curtisii
Baetica ustulata
Brachytrupes megacephalus
Isophya costata
Isophya harzi
Isophya stysi
Myrmecophilus baronii
Odontopodisma rubripes
Paracaloptenus caloptenoides
Pholidoptera transsylvanica
Stenobothrus (Stenobothrodes) eurasius
Anthrenochernes stellae (o)
Anisus vorticulus
Caseolus calculus
Caseolus commixta
Caseolus sphaerula
Chilostoma banaticum
Discula leacockiana
Discula tabellata
Discus guerinianus
Elona quimperiana
Geomalacus maculosus
Geomitra moniziana
Gibbula nivosa
* Helicopsis striata austriaca (o)
Hygromia kovacsi
Idiomela (Helix) subplicata
Lampedusa imitatrix
* Lampedusa melitensis
Leiostyla abbreviata
Leiostyla cassida
Leiostyla corneocostata
Leiostyla gibba
Leiostyla lamellosa
* Paladilhia hungarica
Sadleriana pannonica
Theodoxus transversalis
Vertigo angustior (o)
Vertigo genesii (o)
Vertigo geyeri (o)
Vertigo moulinsiana (o)
Margaritifera durrovensis (Margaritifera margaritifera) (V)
Margaritifera margaritifera (V)
Unio crassus
Congeria kusceri
Asplenium jahandiezii (Litard.) Rouy
Asplenium adulterinum Milde
Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm.
Culcita macrocarpa C. Presl
Diplazium sibiricum (Turcz. ex Kunze) Kurata
* Dryopteris corleyi Fraser-Jenk.
Dryopteris fragans (L.) Schott
Trichomanes speciosum Willd.
Isoetes boryana Durieu
Isoetes malinverniana Ces. & De Not.
Marsilea batardae Launert
Marsilea quadrifolia L.
Marsilea strigosa Willd.
Botrychium simplex Hitchc.
Ophioglossum polyphyllum A. Braun
* Abies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei
* Alisma wahlenbergii (Holmberg) Juz.
Caldesia parnassifolia (L.) Parl.
Luronium natans (L.) Raf.
Leucojum nicaeense Ard.
Narcissus asturiensis (Jordan) Pugsley
Narcissus calcicola Mendonça
Narcissus cyclamineus DC.
Narcissus fernandesii G. Pedro
Narcissus humilis (Cav.) Traub
* Narcissus nevadensis Pugsley
Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. subsp. nobilis (Haw.) A. Fernandes
Narcissus scaberulus Henriq.
Narcissus triandrus L. subsp. capax (Salisb.) D. A. Webb.
Narcissus viridiflorus Schousboe
Vincetoxicum pannonicum (Borhidi) Holub
* Anchusa crispa Viv.
Echium russicum J.F.Gemlin
* Lithodora nitida (H. Ern) R. Fernandes
Myosotis lusitanica Schuster
Myosotis rehsteineri Wartm.
Myosotis retusifolia R. Afonso
Omphalodes kuzinskyanae Willk.
* Omphalodes littoralis Lehm.
* Onosma tornensis Javorka
Solenanthus albanicus (Degen & al.) Degen & Baldacci
* Symphytum cycladense Pawl.
Adenophora lilifolia (L.) Ledeb.
Asyneuma giganteum (Boiss.) Bornm.
* Campanula bohemica Hruby
* Campanula gelida Kovanda
Campanula romanica Săvul.
* Campanula sabatia De Not.
* Campanula serrata (Kit.) Hendrych
Campanula zoysii Wulfen
Jasione crispa (Pourret) Samp. subsp. serpentinica Pinto da Silva
Jasione lusitanica A. DC.
Arenaria ciliata L. subsp. pseudofrigida Ostenf. & O.C. Dahl
Arenaria humifusa Wahlenberg
* Arenaria nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter
Arenaria provincialis Chater & Halliday
* Cerastium alsinifolium Tausch Cerastium dinaricum G. Beck & Szysz.
Dianthus arenarius L. subsp. arenarius
* Dianthus arenarius subsp. bohemicus (Novak) O. Schwarz
Dianthus cintranus Boiss. & Reuter subsp. cintranus Boiss. & Reuter
* Dianthus diutinus Kit.
* Dianthus lumnitzeri Wiesb.
Dianthus marizii (Samp.) Samp.
* Dianthus moravicus Kovanda
* Dianthus nitidus Waldst. et Kit.
Dianthus plumarius subsp. regis-stephani (Rapcs.) Baksay
Dianthus rupicola Biv.
* Gypsophila papillosa P. Porta
Herniaria algarvica Chaudhri
* Herniaria latifolia Lapeyr. subsp. litardierei Gamis
Herniaria lusitanica (Chaudhri) subsp. berlengiana Chaudhri
Herniaria maritima Link
* Minuartia smejkalii Dvorakova
Moehringia jankae Griseb. ex Janka
Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl.
Moehringia tommasinii Marches.
Moehringia villosa (Wulfen) Fenzl
Petrocoptis grandiflora Rothm.
Petrocoptis montsicciana O. Bolos & Rivas Mart.
Petrocoptis pseudoviscosa Fernández Casas
Silene furcata Rafin. subsp. angustiflora (Rupr.) Walters
* Silene hicesiae Brullo & Signorello
Silene hifacensis Rouy ex Willk.
* Silene holzmanii Heldr. ex Boiss.
Silene longicilia (Brot.) Otth.
Silene mariana Pau
* Silene orphanidis Boiss
* Silene rothmaleri Pinto da Silva
* Silene velutina Pourret ex Loisel.
* Bassia (Kochia) saxicola (Guss.) A. J. Scott
* Cremnophyton lanfrancoi Brullo et Pavone
* Salicornia veneta Pignatti & Lausi
Cistus palhinhae Ingram
Halimium verticillatum (Brot.) Sennen
Helianthemum alypoides Losa & Rivas Goday
Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss.
* Tuberaria major (Willk.) Pinto da Silva & Rozeira
* Anthemis glaberrima (Rech. f.) Greuter
Artemisia campestris L. subsp. bottnica A.N. Lundström ex Kindb.
* Artemisia granatensis Boiss.
* Artemisia laciniata Willd.
Artemisia oelandica (Besser) Komaror
* Artemisia pancicii (Janka) Ronn.
* Aster pyrenaeus Desf. ex DC
* Aster sorrentinii (Tod) Lojac.
Carlina onopordifolia Besser
* Carduus myriacanthus Salzm. ex DC.
* Centaurea alba L. subsp. heldreichii (Halacsy) Dostal
* Centaurea alba L. subsp. princeps (Boiss. & Heldr.) Gugler
* Centaurea akamantis T. Georgiadis & G. Chatzikyriakou
* Centaurea attica Nyman subsp. megarensis (Halacsy & Hayek) Dostal
* Centaurea balearica J.D. Rodriguez
* Centaurea borjae Valdes-Berm. & Rivas Goday
* Centaurea citricolor Font Quer
Centaurea corymbosa Pourret
Centaurea gadorensis G. Blanca
* Centaurea horrida Badaro
Centaurea immanuelis-loewii Degen
Centaurea jankae Brandza
* Centaurea kalambakensis Freyn & Sint.
Centaurea kartschiana Scop.
* Centaurea lactiflora Halacsy
Centaurea micrantha Hoffmanns. & Link subsp. herminii (Rouy) Dostál
* Centaurea niederi Heldr.
* Centaurea peucedanifolia Boiss. & Orph.
* Centaurea pinnata Pau
Centaurea pontica Prodan & E.I. Nyárády
Centaurea pulvinata (G. Blanca) G. Blanca
Centaurea rothmalerana (Arènes) Dostál
Centaurea vicentina Mariz
Cirsium brachycephalum Juratzka
* Crepis crocifolia Boiss. & Heldr.
Crepis granatensis (Willk.) B. Blanca & M. Cueto
Crepis pusilla (Sommier) Merxmüller
Crepis tectorum L. subsp. nigrescens
Erigeron frigidus Boiss. ex DC.
* Helichrysum melitense (Pignatti) Brullo et al
Hymenostemma pseudanthemis (Kunze) Willd.
Hyoseris frutescens Brullo et Pavone
* Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Reichenb.
* Jurinea fontqueri Cuatrec.
* Lamyropsis microcephala (Moris) Dittrich & Greuter
Leontodon microcephalus (Boiss. ex DC.) Boiss.
Leontodon boryi Boiss.
* Leontodon siculus (Guss.) Finch & Sell
Leuzea longifolia Hoffmanns. & Link
Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass.
* Palaeocyanus crassifolius (Bertoloni) Dostal
Santolina impressa Hoffmanns. & Link
Santolina semidentata Hoffmanns. & Link
Saussurea alpina subsp. esthonica (Baer ex Rupr) Kupffer
* Senecio elodes Boiss. ex DC.
Senecio jacobea L. subsp. gotlandicus (Neuman) Sterner
Senecio nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter
* Serratula lycopifolia (Vill.) A. Kern
Tephroseris longifolia (Jacq.) Griseb et Schenk subsp. moravica
* Convolvulus argyrothamnus Greuter
* Convolvulus fernandesii Pinto da Silva & Teles
Alyssum pyrenaicum Lapeyr.
* Arabis kennedyae Meikle
Arabis sadina (Samp.) P. Cout.
Arabis scopoliana Boiss
* Biscutella neustriaca Bonnet
Biscutella vincentina (Samp.) Rothm.
Boleum asperum (Pers.) Desvaux
Brassica glabrescens Poldini
Brassica hilarionis Post
Brassica insularis Moris
* Brassica macrocarpa Guss.
Braya linearis Rouy
* Cochlearia polonica E. Fröhlich
* Cochlearia tatrae Borbas
* Coincya rupestris Rouy
* Coronopus navasii Pau
Crambe tataria Sebeok
* Degenia velebitica (Degen) Hayek
Diplotaxis ibicensis (Pau) Gómez-Campo
* Diplotaxis siettiana Maire
Diplotaxis vicentina (P. Cout.) Rothm.
Draba cacuminum Elis Ekman
Draba cinerea Adams
Draba dorneri Heuffel.
Erucastrum palustre (Pirona) Vis.
* Erysimum pieninicum (Zapal.) Pawl.
* Iberis arbuscula Runemark
Iberis procumbens Lange subsp. microcarpa Franco & Pinto da Silva
* Jonopsidium acaule (Desf.) Reichenb.
Jonopsidium savianum (Caruel) Ball ex Arcang.
Rhynchosinapis erucastrum (L.) Dandy ex Clapham subsp. cintrana (Coutinho) Franco & P. Silva ( Coincya cintrana (P. Cout.) Pinto da Silva)
Sisymbrium cavanillesianum Valdés & Castroviejo
Sisymbrium supinum L.
Thlaspi jankae A. Kern.
Carex holostoma Drejer
* Carex panormitana Guss.
Eleocharis carniolica Koch
* Borderea chouardii (Gaussen) Heslot
Aldrovanda vesiculosa L.
Elatine gussonei (Sommier) Brullo et al
Rhododendron luteum Sweet
* Euphorbia margalidiana Kuhbier & Lewejohann
Euphorbia transtagana Boiss.
* Centaurium rigualii Esteve
* Centaurium somedanum Lainz
Gentiana ligustica R. de Vilm. & Chopinet
Gentianella anglica (Pugsley) E.F. Warburg
* Gentianella bohemica Skalicky
* Erodium astragaloides Boiss. & Reuter
Erodium paularense Fernández-González & Izco
* Erodium rupicola Boiss.
* Globularia stygia Orph. ex Boiss.
Arctagrostis latifolia (R. Br.) Griseb.
Arctophila fulva (Trin.) N.J. Anderson
Avenula hackelii (Henriq.) Holub
Bromus grossus Desf. ex DC.
Calamagrostis chalybaea (Laest.) Fries
Cinna latifolia (Trev.) Griseb.
Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidl
Festuca brigantina (Markgr.-Dannenb.) Markgr.-Dannenb.
Festuca duriotagana Franco & R. Afonso
Festuca elegans Boiss.
Festuca henriquesii Hack.
Festuca summilusitana Franco & R. Afonso
Gaudinia hispanica Stace & Tutin
Holcus setiglumis Boiss. & Reuter subsp. duriensis Pinto da Silva
Micropyropsis tuberosa Romero - Zarco & Cabezudo
Poa granitica Br.-Bl. subsp. disparilis (E. I. Nyárády) E. I. Nyárády
* Poa riphaea (Ascher et Graebner) Fritsch
Pseudarrhenatherum pallens (Link) J. Holub
Puccinellia phryganodes (Trin.) Scribner + Merr.
Puccinellia pungens (Pau) Paunero
* Stipa austroitalica Martinovsky
* Stipa bavarica Martinovsky & H. Scholz
Stipa danubialis Dihoru & Roman
* Stipa styriaca Martinovsky
* Stipa veneta Moraldo
* Stipa zalesskii Wilensky
Trisetum subalpestre (Hartman) Neuman
* Ribes sardoum Martelli
Hippuris tetraphylla L. Fil.
* Hypericum aciferum (Greuter) N.K.B. Robson
Crocus cyprius Boiss. et Kotschy
Crocus hartmannianus Holmboe
Gladiolus palustris Gaud.
Iris aphylla L. subsp. hungarica Hegi
Iris humilis Georgi subsp. arenaria (Waldst. et Kit.) A. et D.Löve
Juncus valvatus Link
Luzula arctica Blytt
Dracocephalum austriacum L.
* Micromeria taygetea P.H. Davis
Nepeta dirphya (Boiss.) Heldr. ex Halacsy
* Nepeta sphaciotica P.H. Davis
Origanum dictamnus L.
Phlomis brevibracteata Turril
Phlomis cypria Post
Salvia veneris Hedge
Sideritis cypria Post
Sideritis incana subsp. glauca (Cav.) Malagarriga
Sideritis javalambrensis Pau
Sideritis serrata Cav. ex Lag.
Teucrium lepicephalum Pau
Teucrium turredanum Losa & Rivas Goday
* Thymus camphoratus Hoffmanns. & Link
Thymus carnosus Boiss.
* Thymus lotocephalus G. López & R. Morales ( Thymus cephalotos L.)
Anthyllis hystrix Cardona, Contandr. & E. Sierra
* Astragalus algarbiensis Coss. ex Bunge
* Astragalus aquilanus Anzalone
Astragalus centralpinus Braun-Blanquet
* Astragalus macrocarpus DC. subsp. lefkarensis
* Astragalus maritimus Moris
Astragalus peterfii Jáv.
Astragalus tremolsianus Pau
* Astragalus verrucosus Moris
* Cytisus aeolicus Guss. ex Lindl.
Genista dorycnifolia Font Quer
Genista holopetala (Fleischm. ex Koch) Baldacci
Melilotus segetalis (Brot.) Ser. subsp. fallax Franco
* Ononis hackelii Lange
Trifolium saxatile All.
* Vicia bifoliolata J.D. Rodríguez
* Pinguicula crystallina Sm.
Pinguicula nevadensis (Lindb.) Casper
Allium grosii Font Quer
* Androcymbium rechingeri Greuter
* Asphodelus bento-rainhae P. Silva
* Chionodoxa lochiae Meikle in Kew Bull.
Colchicum arenarium Waldst. et Kit.
Hyacinthoides vicentina (Hoffmans. & Link) Rothm.
* Muscari gussonei (Parl.) Tod.
Scilla litardierei Breist.
* Scilla morrisii Meikle
Tulipa cypria Stapf
Tulipa hungarica Borbas
* Linum dolomiticum Borbas
* Linum muelleri Moris ( Linum maritimum muelleri )
* Lythrum flexuosum Lag.
Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb.
Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & W.L. Schmidt
Najas tenuissima (A. Braun) Magnus
Syringa josikaea Jacq. Fil. ex Reichenb.
Anacamptis urvilleana Sommier et Caruana Gatto
Calypso bulbosa L.
* Cephalanthera cucullata Boiss. & Heldr.
Cypripedium calceolus L.
Dactylorhiza kalopissii E. Nelson
Gymnigritella runei Teppner & Klein
Himantoglossum adriaticum Baumann
Himantoglossum caprinum (Bieb.) V. Koch
Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich.
* Ophrys kotschyi H.Fleischm. et Soo
* Ophrys lunulata Parl.
Ophrys melitensis (Salkowski) J et P Devillers-Terschuren
Platanthera obtusata (Pursh) subsp. oligantha (Turez.) Hulten
Orobanche densiflora Salzm. ex Reut.
Paeonia cambessedesii (Willk.) Willk.
Paeonia clusii F.C. Stern subsp. rhodia (Stearn) Tzanoudakis
Paeonia officinalis L. subsp. banatica (Rachel) Soo
Paeonia parnassica Tzanoudakis
Phoenix theophrasti Greuter
Corydalis gotlandica Lidén
Papaver laestadianum (Nordh.) Nordh.
Papaver radicatum Rottb. subsp. hyperboreum Nordh.
Plantago algarbiensis Sampaio ( Plantago bracteosa (Willk.) G. Sampaio)
Plantago almogravensis Franco
Armeria berlengensis Daveau
* Armeria helodes Martini & Pold
Armeria neglecta Girard
Armeria pseudarmeria (Murray) Mansfeld
* Armeria rouyana Daveau
Armeria soleirolii (Duby) Godron
Armeria velutina Welw. ex Boiss. & Reuter
Limonium dodartii (Girard) O. Kuntze subsp. lusitanicum (Daveau) Franco
* Limonium insulare (Beg. & Landi) Arrig. & Diana
Limonium lanceolatum (Hoffmans. & Link) Franco
Limonium multiflorum Erben
* Limonium pseudolaetum Arrig. & Diana
* Limonium strictissimum (Salzmann) Arrig.
Persicaria foliosa (H. Lindb.) Kitag.
Polygonum praelongum Coode & Cullen
Rumex rupestris Le Gall
Androsace mathildae Levier
Androsace pyrenaica Lam.
* Cyclamen fatrense Halda et Sojak
* Primula apennina Widmer
Primula carniolica Jacq.
Primula nutans Georgi
Primula palinuri Petagna
Primula scandinavica Bruun
Soldanella villosa Darracq.
* Aconitum corsicum Gayer ( Aconitum napellus subsp. corsicum )
Aconitum firmum (Reichenb.) Neilr subsp. moravicum Skalicky
Adonis distorta Ten.
Aquilegia bertolonii Schott
Aquilegia kitaibelii Schott
* Aquilegia pyrenaica D.C. subsp. cazorlensis (Heywood) Galiano
* Consolida samia P.H. Davis
* Delphinium caseyi B.L. Burtt
Pulsatilla grandis Wenderoth
Pulsatilla patens (L.) Miller
* Pulsatilla pratensis (L.) Miller subsp. hungarica Soo
* Pulsatilla slavica G. Reuss.
* Pulsatilla subslavica Futak ex Goliasova
Pulsatilla vulgaris Hill. subsp. gotlandica (Johanss.) Zaemelis & Paegle
Ranunculus kykkoensis Meikle
Ranunculus lapponicus L.
* Ranunculus weyleri Mares
Reseda decursiva Forssk.
Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour
Potentilla delphinensis Gren. & Godron
Potentilla emilii-popii Nyárády
* Pyrus magyarica Terpo
Sorbus teodorii Liljefors
Galium cracoviense Ehrend.
* Galium litorale Guss.
Galium moldavicum (Dobrescu) Franco
* Galium sudeticum Tausch
* Galium viridiflorum Boiss. & Reuter
Salix salvifolia Brot. subsp. australis Franco
Thesium ebracteatum Hayne
Saxifraga berica (Beguinot) D.A. Webb
Saxifraga florulenta Moretti
Saxifraga hirculus L.
Saxifraga osloënsis Knaben
Saxifraga tombeanensis Boiss. ex Engl.
Antirrhinum charidemi Lange
Chaenorrhinum serpyllifolium (Lange) Lange subsp. lusitanicum R. Fernandes
* Euphrasia genargentea (Feoli) Diana
Euphrasia marchesettii Wettst. ex Marches.
Linaria algarviana Chav.
Linaria coutinhoi Valdés
Linaria loeselii Schweigger
* Linaria ficalhoana Rouy
Linaria flava (Poiret) Desf.
* Linaria hellenica Turrill
Linaria pseudolaxiflora Lojacono
* Linaria ricardoi Cout.
Linaria tonzigii Lona
* Linaria tursica B. Valdés & Cabezudo
Odontites granatensis Boiss.
* Pedicularis sudetica Willd.
Rhinanthus oesilensis (Ronniger & Saarsoo) Vassilcz
Tozzia carpathica Wol.
Verbascum litigiosum Samp.
Veronica micrantha Hoffmanns. & Link
* Veronica oetaea L.-A. Gustavsson
* Atropa baetica Willk.
* Daphne arbuscula Celak
Daphne petraea Leybold
* Daphne rodriguezii Texidor
Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss.
* Angelica heterocarpa Lloyd
Angelica palustris (Besser) Hoffm.
* Apium bermejoi Llorens
Apium repens (Jacq.) Lag.
Athamanta cortiana Ferrarini
* Bupleurum capillare Boiss. & Heldr.
* Bupleurum kakiskalae Greuter
Eryngium alpinum L.
* Eryngium viviparum Gay
* Ferula sadleriana Lebed.
Hladnikia pastinacifolia Reichenb.
* Laserpitium longiradium Boiss.
* Naufraga balearica Constans & Cannon
* Oenanthe conioides Lange
Petagnia saniculifolia Guss.
Rouya polygama (Desf.) Coincy
* Seseli intricatum Boiss.
Seseli leucospermum Waldst. et Kit
Thorella verticillatinundata (Thore) Briq.
Centranthus trinervis (Viv.) Beguinot
Viola delphinantha Boiss.
* Viola hispida Lam.
Viola jaubertiana Mares & Vigineix
Viola rupestris F.W. Schmidt subsp. relicta Jalas
Bruchia vogesiaca Schwaegr. (o)
Bryhnia novae-angliae (Sull & Lesq.) Grout (o)
* Bryoerythrophyllum campylocarpum (C. Müll.) Crum. ( Bryoerythrophyllum machadoanum (Sergio) M.O. Hill) (o)
Buxbaumia viridis (Moug.) Moug. & Nestl. (o)
Cephalozia macounii (Aust.) Aust. (o)
Cynodontium suecicum (H. Arn. & C. Jens.) I. Hag. (o)
Dichelyma capillaceum (Dicks) Myr. (o)
Dicranum viride (Sull. & Lesq.) Lindb. (o)
Distichophyllum carinatum Dix. & Nich. (o)
Drepanocladus (Hamatocaulis) vernicosus (Mitt.) Warnst. (o)
Encalypta mutica (I. Hagen) (o)
Hamatocaulis lapponicus (Norrl.) Hedenäs (o)
Herzogiella turfacea (Lindb.) I. Wats. (o)
Hygrohypnum montanum (Lindb.) Broth. (o)
Jungermannia handelii (Schiffn.) Amak. (o)
Mannia triandra (Scop.) Grolle (o)
* Marsupella profunda Lindb. (o)
Meesia longiseta Hedw. (o)
Nothothylas orbicularis (Schwein.) Sull. (o)
Ochyraea tatrensis Vana (o)
Orthothecium lapponicum (Schimp.) C. Hartm. (o)
Orthotrichum rogeri Brid. (o)
Petalophyllum ralfsii (Wils.) Nees & Gott. (o)
Plagiomnium drummondii (Bruch & Schimp.) T. Kop. (o)
Riccia breidleri Jur. (o)
Riella helicophylla (Bory & Mont.) Mont. (o)
Scapania massolongi (K. Müll.) K. Müll. (o)
Sphagnum pylaisii Brid. (o)
Tayloria rudolphiana (Garov) B. & S. (o)
Tortella rigens (N. Alberts) (o)
Hymenophyllum maderensis Gibby & Lovis
* Polystichum drepanum (Sw.) C. Presl.
Isoetes azorica Durieu & Paiva ex Milde
* Marsilea azorica Launert & Paiva
Caralluma burchardii N. E. Brown
* Ceropegia chrysantha Svent.
Echium candicans L. fil.
* Echium gentianoides Webb & Coincy
Myosotis azorica H.C. Watson
Myosotis maritima Hochst. in Seub.
* Azorina vidalii (H.C. Watson) Feer
Musschia aurea (L. f.) DC.
* Musschia wollastonii Lowe
* Sambucus palmensis Link
Spergularia azorica (Kindb.) Lebel
Maytenus umbellata (R. Br.) Mabb.
Beta patula Ait.
Cistus chinamadensis Banares & Romero
* Helianthemum bystropogophyllum Svent.
Andryala crithmifolia Ait.
* Argyranthemum lidii Humphries
Argyranthemum thalassophylum (Svent.) Hump.
Argyranthemum winterii (Svent.) Humphries
* Atractylis arbuscula Svent. & Michaelis
Atractylis preauxiana Schultz.
Calendula maderensis DC.
Cheirolophus duranii (Burchard) Holub
Cheirolophus ghomerytus (Svent.) Holub
Cheirolophus junonianus (Svent.) Holub
Cheirolophus massonianus (Lowe) Hansen & Sund.
Cirsium latifolium Lowe
Helichrysum gossypinum Webb
Helichrysum monogynum Burtt & Sund.
Hypochoeris oligocephala (Svent. & Bramw.) Lack
* Lactuca watsoniana Trel.
* Onopordum nogalesii Svent.
* Onorpordum carduelinum Bolle
* Pericallis hadrosoma (Svent.) B. Nord.
Phagnalon benettii Lowe
Stemmacantha cynaroides (Chr. Son. in Buch) Ditt
Sventenia bupleuroides Font Quer
* Tanacetum ptarmiciflorum Webb & Berth
* Convolvulus caput-medusae Lowe
* Convolvulus lopez-socasii Svent.
* Convolvulus massonii A. Dietr.
Aeonium gomeraense Praeger
Aeonium saundersii Bolle
Aichryson dumosum (Lowe) Praeg.
Monanthes wildpretii Banares & Scholz
Sedum brissemoretii Raymond-Hamet
* Crambe arborea Webb ex Christ
Crambe laevigata DC. ex Christ
* Crambe sventenii R. Petters ex Bramwell & Sund.
* Parolinia schizogynoides Svent.
Sinapidendron rupestre (Ait.) Lowe
Carex malato-belizii Raymond
Scabiosa nitens Roemer & J.A. Schultes
Erica scoparia L. subsp. azorica (Hochst.) D.A. Webb
* Euphorbia handiensis Burchard
Euphorbia lambii Svent.
Euphorbia stygiana H.C. Watson
* Geranium maderense P.F. Yeo
Deschampsia maderensis (Haeck. & Born.) Buschm.
Phalaris maderensis (Menezes) Menezes
* Globularia ascanii D. Bramwell & Kunkel
* Globularia sarcophylla Svent.
* Sideritis cystosiphon Svent.
* Sideritis discolor (Webb ex de Noe) Bolle
Sideritis infernalis Bolle
Sideritis marmorea Bolle
Teucrium abutiloides L’Hér.
Teucrium betonicum L’Hér.
* Anagyris latifolia Brouss. ex. Willd.
Anthyllis lemanniana Lowe
* Dorycnium spectabile Webb & Berthel
* Lotus azoricus P.W. Ball
Lotus callis-viridis D. Bramwell & D. H. Davis
* Lotus kunkelii (E. Chueca) D. Bramwell & al.
* Teline rosmarinifolia Webb & Berthel.
* Teline salsoloides Arco & Acebes.
Vicia dennesiana H.C. Watson
* Androcymbium psammophilum Svent.
Scilla maderensis Menezes
Semele maderensis Costa
Arceuthobium azoricum Wiens & Hawksw.
* Myrica rivas-martinezii Santos.
Jasminum azoricum L.
Picconia azorica (Tutin) Knobl.
Goodyera macrophylla Lowe
* Pittosporum coriaceum Dryand. ex. Ait.
Plantago malato-belizii Lawalree
* Limonium arborescens (Brouss.) Kuntze
Limonium dendroides Svent.
* Limonium spectabile (Svent.) Kunkel & Sunding
* Limonium sventenii Santos & Fernández Galván
Rumex azoricus Rech. fil.
Frangula azorica Tutin
* Bencomia brachystachya Svent.
Bencomia sphaerocarpa Svent.
* Chamaemeles coriacea Lindl.
Dendriopoterium pulidoi Svent.
Marcetella maderensis (Born.) Svent.
Prunus lusitanica L. subsp. azorica (Mouillef.) Franco
Sorbus maderensis (Lowe) Dode
Kunkeliella subsucculenta Kammer
* Euphrasia azorica H.C. Watson
Euphrasia grandiflora Hochst. in Seub.
* Isoplexis chalcantha Svent. & O’Shanahan
Isoplexis isabelliana (Webb & Berthel.) Masferrer
Odontites holliana (Lowe) Benth.
Sibthorpia peregrina L.
* Solanum lidii Sunding
Ammi trifoliatum (H.C. Watson) Trelease
Bupleurum handiense (Bolle) Kunkel
Chaerophyllum azoricum Trelease
Ferula latipinna Santos
Melanoselinum decipiens (Schrader & Wendl.) Hoffm.
Monizia edulis Lowe
Oenanthe divaricata (R. Br.) Mabb.
Sanicula azorica Guthnick ex Seub.
Viola paradoxa Lowe
* Echinodium spinosum (Mitt.) Jur. (o)
* Thamnobryum fernandesii Sergio (o).]
Degree of representativity of the natural habitat [X1type on the site.]
Area of the site covered by the natural habitat type in relation to the total area covered by that natural habitat type within national territory.
Degree of conservation of the structure and functions of the natural habitat type concerned and restoration possibilities.
Global assessment of the value of the site for conservation of the natural habitat type concerned.
Size and density of the population of the species present on the site in relation to the populations present within national territory.
Degree of conservation of the features of the habitat which are important for the species concerned and restoration possibilities.
Degree of isolation of the population present on the site in relation to the natural range of the species.
Global assessment of the value of the site for conservation of the species concerned.
relative value of the site at national level;
geographical situation of the site in relation to migration routes of species in Annex II and whether it belongs to a continuous ecosystem situated on both sides of one or more internal Community frontiers;
total area of the site;
number of natural habitat types in Annex I and species in Annex II present on the site;
global ecological value of the site for the biogeographical regions concerned and/or for the whole of the territory referred to in Article 2, as regards both [X1the characteristic or unique] aspect of its features and the way they are combined.
The species listed in this Annex are indicated:
by the name of species or subspecies, or
by the body of species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of that taxon.
The abbreviation ‘ spp. ’ after the name of a family or genus designates all the species belonging to that family or genus.
Erinaceus algirus
Crocidura canariensis
Crocidura sicula
Galemys pyrenaicus
Rousettus aegyptiacus
All species except Glis glis and Eliomys quercinus
Marmota marmota latirostris
Pteromys volans (Sciuropterus russicus)
Spermophilus citellus (Citellus citellus)
Spermophilus suslicus (Citellus suslicus)
Sciurus anomalus
Castor fiber (except the Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Finnish and Swedish populations)
Cricetus cricetus (except the Hungarian populations)
Mesocricetus newtoni
Dinaromys bogdanovi
Microtus cabrerae
Microtus oeconomus arenicola
Microtus oeconomus mehelyi
Microtus tatricus
Sicista betulina
Sicista subtilis
Hystrix cristata
Alopex lagopus
Canis lupus (except the Greek populations north of the 39th parallel; Estonian populations, Spanish populations north of the Duero; Bulgarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Slovak populations and Finnish populations within the reindeer management area as defined in paragraph 2 of the Finnish Act No 848/90 of 14 September 1990 on reindeer management)
Ursus arctos
Lutra lutra
Mustela eversmanii
Mustela lutreola
Vormela peregusna
Felis silvestris
Lynx lynx (except the Estonian population)
Lynx pardinus
Monachus monachus
Phoca hispida saimensis
Cervus elaphus corsicanus
Bison bonasus
Capra aegagrus (natural populations)
Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica
Ovis gmelini musimon (Ovis ammon musimon) (natural populations – Corsica and Sardinia)
Ovis orientalis ophion (Ovis gmelini ophion)
Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata (Rupicapra rupicapra ornata)
Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica
Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica
Testudo graeca
Testudo hermanni
Testudo marginata
Caretta caretta
Chelonia mydas
Lepidochelys kempii
Eretmochelys imbricata
Dermochelys coriacea
Emys orbicularis
Mauremys caspica
Mauremys leprosa
Algyroides fitzingeri
Algyroides marchi
Algyroides moreoticus
Algyroides nigropunctatus
Dalmatolacerta oxycephala
Dinarolacerta mosorensis
Gallotia atlantica
Gallotia galloti
Gallotia galloti insulanagae
Gallotia simonyi
Gallotia stehlini
Lacerta agilis
Lacerta bedriagae
Lacerta bonnali (Lacerta monticola)
Lacerta monticola
Lacerta danfordi
Lacerta dugesi
Lacerta graeca
Lacerta horvathi
Lacerta schreiberi
Lacerta trilineata
Lacerta viridis
Lacerta vivipara pannonica
Ophisops elegans
Podarcis erhardii
Podarcis filfolensis
Podarcis hispanica atrata
Podarcis lilfordi
Podarcis melisellensis
Podarcis milensis
Podarcis muralis
Podarcis peloponnesiaca
Podarcis pityusensis
Podarcis sicula
Podarcis taurica
Podarcis tiliguerta
Podarcis wagleriana
Ablepharus kitaibelii
Chalcides bedriagai
Chalcides ocellatus
Chalcides sexlineatus
Chalcides simonyi (Chalcides occidentalis)
Chalcides viridianus
Ophiomorus punctatissimus
Cyrtopodion kotschyi
Phyllodactylus europaeus
Tarentola angustimentalis
Tarentola boettgeri
Tarentola delalandii
Tarentola gomerensis
Stellio stellio
Chamaeleo chamaeleon
Ophisaurus apodus
Coluber caspius
Coluber cypriensis
Coluber hippocrepis
Coluber jugularis
Coluber laurenti
Coluber najadum
Coluber nummifer
Coluber viridiflavus
Coronella austriaca
Eirenis modesta
Elaphe longissima
Elaphe quatuorlineata
Elaphe situla
Natrix natrix cetti
Natrix natrix corsa
Natrix natrix cypriaca
Natrix tessellata
Telescopus falax
Vipera ammodytes
Macrovipera schweizeri (Vipera lebetina schweizeri)
Vipera seoanni (except Spanish populations)
Vipera ursinii
Vipera xanthina
Eryx jaculus
Chioglossa lusitanica
Euproctus asper
Euproctus montanus
Euproctus platycephalus
Mertensiella luschani (Salamandra luschani)
Salamandra atra
Salamandra aurorae
Salamandra lanzai
Salamandrina terdigitata
Triturus carnifex (Triturus cristatus carnifex)
Triturus cristatus (Triturus cristatus cristatus)
Triturus italicus
Triturus karelinii (Triturus cristatus karelinii)
Triturus marmoratus
Triturus montandoni
Triturus vulgaris ampelensis
Proteus anguinus
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) ambrosii
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) flavus
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) genei
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) imperialis
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) strinatii (Hydromantes (Speleomantes) italicus)
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) supramontis
Alytes cisternasii
Alytes muletensis
Alytes obstetricans
Bombina bombina
Bombina variegata
Discoglossus galganoi (including Discoglossus ‘ jeanneae ’ )
Discoglossus montalentii
Discoglossus pictus
Discoglossus sardus
Rana arvalis
Rana dalmatina
Rana graeca
Rana iberica
Rana italica
Rana latastei
Rana lessonae
Pelobates cultripes
Pelobates fuscus
Pelobates syriacus
Bufo calamita
Bufo viridis
Hyla arborea
Hyla meridionalis
Hyla sarda
Acipenser naccarii
Acipenser sturio
Coregonus oxyrhynchus (anadromous populations in certain sectors of the North Sea, except the Finnish populations)
Anaecypris hispanica
Phoxinus percnurus
Valencia hispanica
Gymnocephalus baloni
Romanichthys valsanicola
Zingel asper
Armadillidium ghardalamensis
Bolbelasmus unicornis
Buprestis splendens
Carabus hampei
Carabus hungaricus
Carabus olympiae
Carabus variolosus
Carabus zawadszkii
Cerambyx cerdo
Cucujus cinnaberinus
Dorcadion fulvum cervae
Duvalius gebhardti
Duvalius hungaricus
Dytiscus latissimus
Graphoderus bilineatus
Leptodirus hochenwarti
Pilemia tigrina
Osmoderma eremita
Phryganophilus ruficollis
Probaticus subrugosus
Propomacrus cypriacus
Pseudogaurotina excellens
Pseudoseriscius cameroni
Pytho kolwensis
Rosalia alpina
Apatura metis
Arytrura musculus
Catopta thrips
Chondrosoma fiduciarium
Coenonympha hero
Coenonympha oedippus
Colias myrmidone
Cucullia mixta
Dioszeghyana schmidtii
Erannis ankeraria
Erebia calcaria
Erebia christi
Erebia sudetica
Eriogaster catax
Fabriciana elisa
Glyphipterix loricatella
Gortyna borelii lunata
Hypodryas maturna
Hyles hippophaes
Leptidea morsei
Lignyoptera fumidaria
Lopinga achine
Lycaena dispar
Lycaena helle
Maculinea arion
Maculinea nausithous
Maculinea teleius
Melanargia arge
Nymphalis vaualbum
Papilio alexanor
Papilio hospiton
Parnassius apollo
Parnassius mnemosyne
Phyllometra culminaria
Plebicula golgus
Polymixis rufocincta isolata
Polyommatus eroides
Proserpinus proserpina
Proterebia afra dalmata
Pseudophilotes bavius
Xylomoia strix
Zerynthia polyxena
Apteromantis aptera
Aeshna viridis
Cordulegaster heros
Cordulegaster trinacriae
Gomphus graslinii
Leucorrhinia albifrons
Leucorrhinia caudalis
Leucorrhinia pectoralis
Lindenia tetraphylla
Macromia splendens
Ophiogomphus cecilia
Oxygastra curtisii
Stylurus flavipes
Sympecma braueri
Baetica ustulata
Brachytrupes megacephalus
Isophya costata
Isophya harzi
Isophya stysi
Myrmecophilus baronii
Odontopodisma rubripes
Paracaloptenus caloptenoides
Pholidoptera transsylvanica
Saga pedo
Stenobothrus (Stenobothrodes) eurasius
Macrothele calpeiana
Anisus vorticulus
Caseolus calculus
Caseolus commixta
Caseolus sphaerula
Chilostoma banaticum
Discula leacockiana
Discula tabellata
Discula testudinalis
Discula turricula
Discus defloratus
Discus guerinianus
Elona quimperiana
Geomalacus maculosus
Geomitra moniziana
Gibbula nivosa
Hygromia kovacsi
Idiomela (Helix) subplicata
Lampedusa imitatrix
Lampedusa melitensis
Leiostyla abbreviata
Leiostyla cassida
Leiostyla corneocostata
Leiostyla gibba
Leiostyla lamellosa
Paladilhia hungarica
Patella ferruginea
Sadleriana pannonica
Theodoxus prevostianus
Theodoxus transversalis
Lithophaga lithophaga
Pinna nobilis
Margaritifera auricularia
Unio crassus
Congeria kusceri
Centrostephanus longispinus
Annex IV (b) contains all the plant species listed in Annex II (b) (8) plus those mentioned below:
Asplenium hemionitis L.
Dracaena draco (L.) L.
Narcissus longispathus Pugsley
Narcissus triandrus L.
Berberis maderensis Lowe
Campanula morettiana Reichenb.
Physoplexis comosa (L.) Schur.
Moehringia fontqueri Pau
Argyranthemum pinnatifidum (L.f.) Lowe subsp. succulentum (Lowe) C. J. Humphries
Helichrysum sibthorpii Rouy
Picris willkommii (Schultz Bip.) Nyman
Santolina elegans Boiss. ex DC.
Senecio caespitosus Brot.
Senecio lagascanus DC. subsp. lusitanicus (P. Cout.) Pinto da Silva
Wagenitzia lancifolia (Sieber ex Sprengel) Dostal
Murbeckiella sousae Rothm.
Euphorbia nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter
Jankaea heldreichii (Boiss.) Boiss.
Ramonda serbica Pancic
Crocus etruscus Parl.
Iris boissieri Henriq.
Iris marisca Ricci & Colasante
Rosmarinus tomentosus Huber-Morath & Maire
Teucrium charidemi Sandwith
Thymus capitellatus Hoffmanns. & Link
Thymus villosus L. subsp. villosus L.
Androcymbium europaeum (Lange) K. Richter
Bellevalia hackelli Freyn
Colchicum corsicum Baker
Colchicum cousturieri Greuter
Fritillaria conica Rix
Fritillaria drenovskii Degen & Stoy.
Fritillaria gussichiae (Degen & Doerfler) Rix
Fritillaria obliqua Ker-Gawl.
Fritillaria rhodocanakis Orph. ex Baker
Ornithogalum reverchonii Degen & Herv.-Bass.
Scilla beirana Samp.
Scilla odorata Link
Ophrys argolica Fleischm.
Orchis scopulorum Simsmerh.
Spiranthes aestivalis (Poiret) L.C.M. Richard
Androsace cylindrica DC.
Primula glaucescens Moretti
Primula spectabilis Tratt.
Aquilegia alpina L.
Sideroxylon marmulano Banks ex Lowe
Saxifraga cintrana Kuzinsky ex Willk.
Saxifraga portosanctana Boiss.
Saxifraga presolanensis Engl.
Saxifraga valdensis DC.
Saxifraga vayredana Luizet
Antirrhinum lopesianum Rothm.
Lindernia procumbens (Krocker) Philcox
Mandragora officinarum L.
Thymelaea broterana P. Cout.
Bunium brevifolium Lowe
Viola athois W. Becker
Viola cazorlensis Gandoger]
The species listed in this Annex are indicated:
by the name of the species or subspecies, or
by the body of species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of that taxon.
The abbreviation ‘ spp. ’ after the name of a family or genus designates all the species belonging to that family or genus.
Castoridae
Castor fiber (Finnish, Swedish, Latvian, Lithuanian, Estonian and Polish populations)
Cricetidae
Cricetus cricetus (Hungarian populations)
Canidae
Canis aureus
Canis lupus (Spanish populations north of the Duero, Greek populations north of the 39th parallel, Finnish populations within the reindeer management area as defined in paragraph 2 of the Finnish Act No 848/90 of 14 September 1990 on reindeer management, Bulgarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Estonian, Polish and Slovak populations)
Mustelidae
Martes martes
Mustela putorius
Felidae
Lynx lynx (Estonian population)
Phocidae
All species not mentioned in Annex IV
Viverridae
Genetta genetta
Herpestes ichneumon
Leporidae
Lepus timidus
Bovidae
Capra ibex
Capra pyrenaica (except Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica)
Rupicapra rupicapra (except Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica, Rupicapra rupicapra ornata and Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica)
Ranidae
Rana esculenta
Rana perezi
Rana ridibunda
Rana temporaria
Petromyzonidae
Lampetra fluviatilis
Lethenteron zanandrai
Acipenseridae
All species not mentioned in Annex IV
Clupeidae
Alosa spp.
Salmonidae
Thymallus thymallus
Coregonus spp. (except Coregonus oxyrhynchus — anadromous populations in certain sectors of the North Sea)
Hucho hucho
Salmo salar (only in fresh water)
Cyprinidae
Aspius aspius
Barbus spp.
Pelecus cultratus
Rutilus friesii meidingeri
Rutilus pigus
Siluridae
Silurus aristotelis
Percidae
Gymnocephalus schraetzer
Zingel zingel
Corallium rubrum
Helix pomatia
Margaritiferidae
Margaritifera margaritifera
Unionidae
Microcondylaea compressa
Unio elongatulus
Hirudinidae
Hirudo medicinalis
Astacidae
Astacus astacus
Austropotamobius pallipes
Austropotamobius torrentium
Scyllaridae
Scyllarides latus
Saturniidae
Graellsia isabellae
Lithothamnium coralloides Crouan frat.
Phymatholithon calcareum (Poll.) Adey & McKibbin
Cladonia L. subgenus Cladina (Nyl.) Vain.
Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) AAngstr.
Sphagnum L. spp. (except Sphagnum pylaisii Brid.)
Lycopodium spp.
Galanthus nivalis L.
Narcissus bulbocodium L.
Narcissus juncifolius Lagasca
Arnica montana L.
Artemisia eriantha Tem
Artemisia genipi Weber
Doronicum plantagineum L. subsp. tournefortii (Rouy) P. Cout.
Leuzea rhaponticoides Graells
Alyssum pintadasilvae Dudley.
Malcolmia lacera (L.) DC. subsp. graccilima (Samp.) Franco
Murbeckiella pinnatifida (Lam.) Rothm. subsp. herminii (Rivas-Martinez) Greuter & Burdet
Gentiana lutea L.
Iris lusitanica Ker-Gawler
Teucrium salviastrum Schreber subsp. salviastrum Schreber
Anthyllis lusitanica Cullen & Pinto da Silva
Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop. subsp. transmontana Franco
Ulex densus Welw. ex Webb.
Lilium rubrum Lmk
Ruscus aculeatus L.
Armeria sampaio (Bernis) Nieto Feliner
Rubus genevieri Boreau subsp. herminii (Samp.) P. Cout.
Anarrhinum longipedicelatum R. Fernandes
Euphrasia mendonçae Samp.
Scrophularia grandiflora DC. subsp. grandiflora DC.
Scrophularia berminii Hoffmanns & Link
Scrophularia sublyrata Brot.]
Blind or mutilated animals used as live decoys
Tape recorders
Electrical and electronic devices capable of killing or stunning
Artificial light sources
Mirrors and other dazzling devices
Devices for illuminating targets
Sighting devices for night shooting comprising an electronic image magnifier or image converter
Explosives
Nets which are non-selective according to their principle or their conditions of use
Traps which are non-selective according to their principle or their conditions of use
Crossbows
Poisons and poisoned or anaesthetic bait
Gassing or smoking out
Semi-automatic or automatic weapons with a magazine capable of holding more than two rounds of ammunition
Poison
Explosives
Aircraft
Moving motor vehicles
OJ No L 103, 25. 4. 1979, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 91/244/ECC (OJ No L 115, 8. 5. 1991, p. 41).
[F2Council Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commission ( OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23 ).]
Textual Amendments
F1 Substituted by Council Directive 2006/105/EC of 20 November 2006 adapting Directives 73/239/EEC, 74/557/EEC and 2002/83/EC in the field of environment, by reason of the accession of Bulgaria and Romania.
F2 Substituted by Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 September 2003 adapting to Council Decision 1999/468/EC the provisions relating to committees which assist the Commission in the exercise of its implementing powers laid down in instruments subject to the procedure referred to in Article 251 of the EC Treaty.