[F1ANNEX I U.K. NATURAL HABITAT TYPES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST WHOSE CONSERVATION REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS OF CONSERVATION
Textual Amendments
Interpretation U.K.
Guidance on the interpretation of habitat types is given in the Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats as approved by the committee set up under Article 20 (‘Habitats Committee’) and published by the European Commission (1) .
The code corresponds to the Natura 2000 code.
The sign ‘ * ’ indicates priority habitat types.
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS U.K.
11. Open sea and tidal areas U.K.
Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the time
* Posidonia beds ( Posidonion oceanicae )
Estuaries
Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide
* Coastal lagoons
Large shallow inlets and bays
Reefs
Submarine structures made by leaking gases
12. Sea cliffs and shingle or stony beaches U.K.
Annual vegetation of drift lines
Perennial vegetation of stony banks
Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic Coasts
Vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with endemic Limonium spp.
Vegetated sea cliffs with endemic flora of the Macaronesian coasts
13. Atlantic and continental salt marshes and salt meadows U.K.
Salicornia and other annuals colonizing mud and sand
Spartina swards ( Spartinion maritimae )
Atlantic salt meadows ( Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae )
* Inland salt meadows
14. Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic salt marshes and salt meadows U.K.
Mediterranean salt meadows ( Juncetalia maritimi )
Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs ( Sarcocornetea fruticosi )
Halo-nitrophilous scrubs ( Pegano-Salsoletea )
15. Salt and gypsum inland steppes U.K.
* Mediterranean salt steppes ( Limonietalia )
* Iberian gypsum vegetation ( Gypsophiletalia )
* Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes
16. Boreal Baltic archipelago, coastal and landupheaval areas U.K.
Baltic esker islands with sandy, rocky and shingle beach vegetation and sublittoral vegetation
Boreal Baltic islets and small islands
* Boreal Baltic coastal meadows
Boreal Baltic sandy beaches with perennial vegetation
Boreal Baltic narrow inlets
2. COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES U.K.
21. Sea dunes of the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic coasts U.K.
Embryonic shifting dunes
Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (‘white dunes’)
* Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation ( ‘ grey dunes ’ )
* Decalcified fixed dunes with Empetrum nigrum
* Atlantic decalcified fixed dunes ( Calluno-Ulicetea )
Dunes with Hippophaë rhamnoides
Dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea ( Salicion arenariae )
Wooded dunes of the Atlantic, Continental and Boreal region
Humid dune slacks
Machairs (* in Ireland)
22. Sea dunes of the Mediterranean coast U.K.
Crucianellion maritimae fixed beach dunes
Dunes with Euphorbia terracina
Malcolmietalia dune grasslands
Brachypodietalia dune grasslands with annuals
* Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp.
Cisto-Lavenduletalia dune sclerophyllous scrubs
* Wooded dunes with Pinus pinea and/or Pinus pinaster
23. Inland dunes, old and decalcified U.K.
Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Genista
Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Empetrum nigrum
Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands
* Pannonic inland dunes
3. FRESHWATER HABITATS U.K.
31. Standing water U.K.
Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains ( Littorelletalia uniflorae )
Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals generally on sandy soils of the West Mediterranean, with Isoetes spp.
Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea
Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp.
Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition — type vegetation
Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds
* Mediterranean temporary ponds
* Turloughs
Lakes of gypsum karst
* Transylvanian hot-spring lotus beds
32. Running water — sections of water courses with natural or semi-natural dynamics (minor, average and major beds) where the water quality shows no significant deterioration U.K.
Fennoscandian natural rivers
Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks
Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Myricaria germanica
Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Salix elaeagnos
Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Glaucium flavum
Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation
Rivers with muddy banks with Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p. vegetation
Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Paspalo-Agrostidion species and hanging curtains of Salix and Populus alba
Intermittently flowing Mediterranean rivers of the Paspalo-Agrostidion
Tufa cascades of karstic rivers in the Dinaric Alps
4. TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB U.K.
Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix
* Temperate Atlantic wet heaths with Erica ciliaris and Erica tetralix
European dry heaths
* Dry Atlantic coastal heaths with Erica vagans
* Endemic macaronesian heaths
Alpine and Boreal heaths
* Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum ( Mugo-Rhododendretum hirsuti )
Sub-Arctic Salix spp. Scrub
Endemic oro-Mediterranean heaths with gorse
* Subcontinental peri-Pannonic scrub
Rhodope Potentilla fruticosa thickets
* Ponto-Sarmatic deciduous thickets
5. SCLEROPHYLLOUS SCRUB (MATORRAL) U.K.
51. Sub-Mediterranean and temperate scrub U.K.
Stable xerothermophilous formations with Buxus sempervirens on rock slopes ( Berberidion p.p.)
Mountain Cytisus purgans formations
Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands
* Cistus palhinhae formations on maritime wet heaths
52. Mediterranean arborescent matorral U.K.
Arborescent matorral with Juniperus spp.
* Arborescent matorral with Zyziphus
* Arborescent matorral with Laurus nobilis
53. Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-steppe brush U.K.
Laurus nobilis thickets
Low formations of Euphorbia close to cliffs
Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub
54. Phrygana U.K.
West Mediterranean clifftop phryganas ( Astragalo-Plantaginetum subulatae )
Sarcopoterium spinosum phryganas
Endemic phryganas of the Euphorbio-Verbascion
6. NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS U.K.
61. Natural grasslands U.K.
* Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic grasslands of the Alysso-Sedion albi
* Xeric sand calcareous grasslands
Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae
Siliceous Pyrenean Festuca eskia grasslands
Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands
Oro-Iberian Festuca indigesta grasslands
Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands
Macaronesian mesophile grasslands
Rupicolous pannonic grasslands ( Stipo-Festucetalia pallentis )
62. Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies U.K.
Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates ( Festuco-Brometalia ) (* important orchid sites)
* Pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea
* Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on silicious substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas in Continental Europe)
* Sub-Pannonic steppic grasslands
* Pannonic loess steppic grasslands
* Pannonic sand steppes
* Fennoscandian lowland species-rich dry to mesic grasslands
* Nordic alvar and precambrian calcareous flatrocks
Eastern sub-Mediterranean dry grasslands ( Scorzoneratalia villosae )
* Serpentinophilous grassland of Cyprus
* Ponto-Sarmatic steppes
Oro-Moesian acidophilous grasslands
63. Sclerophillous grazed forests (dehesas) U.K.
Dehesas with evergreen Quercus spp.
64. Semi-natural tall-herb humid meadows U.K.
Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils ( Molinion caeruleae )
Mediterranean tall humid grasslands of the Molinio-Holoschoenion
Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels
Alluvial meadows of river valleys of the Cnidion dubii
Northern boreal alluvial meadows
Peat grasslands of Troodos
65. Mesophile grasslands U.K.
Lowland hay meadows ( Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis )
Mountain hay meadows
* Fennoscandian wooded meadows
Sub-Mediterranean grasslands of the Molinio-Hordeion secalini
7. RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS U.K.
71. Sphagnum acid bogs U.K.
* Active raised bogs
Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration
Blanket bogs (* if active bog)
Transition mires and quaking bogs
Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion
Fennoscandian mineral-rich springs and springfens
72. Calcareous fens U.K.
* Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae
* Petrifying springs with tufa formation ( Cratoneurion )
Alkaline fens
* Alpine pioneer formations of the Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae
73. Boreal mires U.K.
* Aapa mires
* Palsa mires
8. ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES U.K.
81. Scree U.K.
Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels ( Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani )
Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels ( Thlaspietea rotundifolii )
Western Mediterranean and thermophilous scree
Eastern Mediterranean screes
Medio-European upland siliceous screes
* Medio-European calcareous scree of hill and montane levels
82. Rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation U.K.
Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation
Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation
Siliceous rock with pioneer vegetation of the Sedo-Scleranthion or of the Sedo albi-Veronicion dillenii
* Limestone pavements
83. Other rocky habitats U.K.
Caves not open to the public
Fields of lava and natural excavations
Submerged or partially submerged sea caves
Permanent glaciers
9. FORESTS U.K.
(Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest
90. Forests of Boreal Europe U.K.
* Western Taïga
* Fennoscandian hemiboreal natural old broad-leaved deciduous forests ( Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Fraxinus or Ulmus ) rich in epiphytes
* Natural forests of primary succession stages of landupheaval coast
Nordic subalpine/subarctic forests with Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii
Fennoscandian herb-rich forests with Picea abies
Coniferous forests on, or connected to, glaciofluvial eskers
Fennoscandian wooded pastures
* Fennoscandian deciduous swamp woods
91. Forests of Temperate Europe U.K.
Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests
Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the shrublayer ( Quercion robori-petraeae or Ilici-Fagenion )
Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests
Medio-European subalpine beech woods with Acer and Rumex arifolius
Medio-European limestone beech forests of the Cephalanthero-Fagion
Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli
Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests
* Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines
Old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains
Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles
Thermophilous Fraxinus angustifolia woods
* Caledonian forest
* Bog woodland
* Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior ( Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae )
Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor , Fraxinus excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia , along the great rivers ( Ulmenion minoris )
* Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus
* Pannonian woods with Quercus pubescens
* Euro-Siberian steppic woods with Quercus spp.
* Taxus baccata woods of the British Isles
Illyrian Fagus sylvatica forests ( Aremonio-Fagion )
Illyrian oak-hornbeam forests ( Erythronio-Carpinion )
Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak — sessile oak forests
* Pannonic inland sand dune thicket ( Junipero-Populetum albae )
Holy Cross fir forest ( Abietetum polonicum )
Western Carpathian calcicolous Pinus sylvestris forests
Dinaric dolomite Scots pine forests ( Genisto januensis-Pinetum )
* Western Pontic beech forests
Central European lichen Scots pine forests
Sarmatic steppe pine forest
Dacian Beech forests ( Symphyto-Fagion )
Moesian beech forests
* Dobrogean beech forests
Dacian oak & hornbeam forests
Moesian silver lime woods
* Eastern white oak woods
Moesian silver fir forests
Rhodopide and Balkan Range Scots pine forests
92. Mediterranean deciduous forests U.K.
* Apeninne beech forests with Taxus and Ilex
* Apennine beech forests with Abies alba and beech forests with Abies nebrodensis
Galicio-Portuguese oak woods with Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica
Quercus faginea and Quercus canariensis Iberian woods
Quercus trojana woods
Castanea sativa woods
Hellenic beech forests with Abies borisii-regis
Quercus frainetto woods
Cupressus forests ( Acero-Cupression )
Salix alba and Populus alba galleries
Riparian formations on intermittent Mediterranean water courses with Rhododendron ponticum, Salix and others
Platanus orientalis and Liquidambar orientalis woods ( Platanion orientalis )
Southern riparian galleries and thickets ( Nerio-Tamaricetea and Securinegion tinctoriae )
93. Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests U.K.
Aegean Quercus brachyphylla woods
Olea and Ceratonia forests
Quercus suber forests
Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia forests
Quercus macrolepis forests
* Macaronesian laurel forests ( Laurus, Ocotea )
* Palm groves of Phoenix
Forests of Ilex aquifolium
* Scrub and low forest vegetation with Quercus alnifolia
Woodlands with Quercus infectoria ( Anagyro foetidae-Quercetum infectoriae )
94. Temperate mountainous coniferous forests U.K.
Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels ( Vaccinio-Piceetea )
Alpine Larix decidua and/or Pinus cembra forests
Subalpine and montane Pinus uncinata forests (* if on gypsum or limestone)
95. Mediterranean and Macaronesian mountainous coniferous forests U.K.
* Southern Apennine Abies alba forests
Abies pinsapo forests
* (Sub-) Mediterranean pine forests with endemic black pines
Mediterranean pine forests with endemic Mesogean pines
Canarian endemic pine forests
* Endemic forests with Juniperus spp.
* Tetraclinis articulata forests
* Mediterranean Taxus baccata woods
* Cedrus brevifolia forests ( Cedrosetum brevifoliae )
High oro-Mediterranean pine forests]