Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012Dangos y teitl llawn

E 445 GLYCEROL ESTERS OF WOOD ROSIN

Synonyms	Ester gum
Definition	A complex mixture of tri- and diglycerol esters of resin acids from wood rosin. The rosin is obtained by the solvent extraction of aged pine stumps followed by a liquid-liquid solvent refining process. Excluded from these specifications are substances derived from gum rosin, and exudate of living pine trees, and substances derived from tall oil rosin, a by-product of kraft (paper) pulp processing. The final product is composed of approximately 90 % resin acids and 10 % neutrals (non-acidic compounds). The resin acid fraction is a complex mixture of isomeric diterpenoid monocarboxylic acids having the empirical molecular formula of C20H30O2, chiefly abietic acid. The substance is purified by steam stripping or by countercurrent steam distillation
Einecs
Chemical name
Chemical formula
Molecular weight
Assay
Description	Hard, yellow to pale amber-coloured solid
Identification
Solubility	Insoluble in water, soluble in acetone
Infrared absorption spectrum	Characteristic of the compound
Purity
Specific gravity of solution	[d]20 25 not less than 0,935 when determined in a 50 % solution in d-limonene (97 %, boiling point 175,5-176 °C, d20 4: 0,84)
Ring and ball softening range	Between 82 °C and 90 °C
Acid value	Not less than 3 and not more than 9
Hydroxyl value	Not less than 15 and not more than 45
Arsenic	Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead	Not more than 2 mg/kg
Mercury	Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium	Not more than 1 mg/kg
Test for absence of tall oil rosin (sulphur test)	When sulphur-containing organic compounds are heated in the presence of sodium formate, the sulphur is converted to hydrogen sulphide which can readily be detected by the use of lead acetate paper. A positive test indicates the use of tall oil rosin instead of wood rosin