Regulations 2, 3, 8(2), 9(1), 11(5)
1.1
| Averaging Period | Limit value | Margin of Tolerance M1 | Date by which limit value is to be met | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1.Hourly limit value for the protection of human health | 1 hour | 350μg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 24 times a calendar year | 470μg/m3 on 19th July 2001 reducing on 1st January of each following year by 30μg/m3 to reach 350μg/m3 by 1st January 2005 | 1st January 2005 |
2.Daily limit value for the protection of human health | 24 hours | 125μg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 3 times a calendar year | None | 1st January 2005 |
3.Limit value for the protection of ecosystems | Calendar year and winter (1st October to 31st March) | 20μg/m3 | None | 19th July 2001 |
Marginal Citations
M1The figures for Margins of Tolerance for each of the relevant pollutants given in this Schedule are calculated from those given in Annex I of Directive 99/30/EC (O.J. No. L 163, 22.4.99, p.41). This gave a figure above the limit value for each relevant pollutant, reducing by equal percentages from the date of entry into force of that Directive in 1999.
1.2 500μg/m3 measured over three consecutive hours at locations representative of air quality over at least 100 km2 or an entire zone or agglomeration, whichever is the smaller.
1.3 Details to be made available to the public should include at least:
– the date, hour and place of the occurrence and the reasons for the occurrence, where known;
– any forecasts of:
– changes in concentration (improvement, stabilisation, or deterioration), together with the reasons for those changes,
– the geographical area concerned,
– the duration of the occurrence,
– the type of population potentially sensitive to the occurrence,
– the precautions to be taken by the sensitive population concerned.
2.1
| Averaging Period | Limit value | Margin of tolerance | Date by which limit value is to be met | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1.Hourly limit value for the protection of human health | 1 hour | 200μg/m3 NO2 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a calendar year | 290μg/m3 on 19th July 2001, reducing on 1st January of each following year by 10μg/m3 to reach 200μg/m3 by 1st January 2010 | 1st January 2010 |
2.Annual limit value for the protection of human health | Calendar year | 40μg/m3 NO2 | 58μg/m3 on 19th July 2001 reducing on 1st January of each following year by 2μg/m3 to reach 40μg/m3 by 1st January 2010 | 1st January 2010 |
3.Annual limit value for the protection of vegetation | Calendar year | 30μg/m3 NOx | None | 19th July 2001 |
2.2 400μg/m3 measured over three consecutive hours at locations representative of air quality over at least 100 km2 or an entire zone or agglomeration, whichever is the smaller.
2.3 Details to be made available to the public should include at least:
– the date, hour and place of the occurrence and the reasons for the occurrence, where known;
– any forecasts of:
– changes in concentration (improvement, stabilisation, or deterioration), together with the reasons for those changes,
– the geographical area concerned,
– the duration of the occurrence,
– the type of population potentially sensitive to the occurrence,
– the precautions to be taken by the sensitive population concerned.
| Averaging Period | Limit value | Margin of tolerance | Date by which limit value is to be met | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1.24-hour limit value for the protection of human health | 24 hours | 50μg/m3 PM10 not to be exceeded more than 35 times a calendar year | 70μg/m3 on 19th July 2001, reducing on 1st January of each following year by 5μg/m3 to reach 50μg/m3 by 1st January 2005 | 1st January 2005 |
2.Annual limit value for the protection of human health | Calendar year | 40μg/m3 PM10 | 46.4μg/m3 on 19th July 2001, reducing on 1st January of each following year by 1.6μg/m3 to reach 40μg/m3 by 1st January 2005 | 1st January 2005 |
| Averaging Period | Limit value | Margin of tolerance | Date by which limit value is to be met | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual limit value for the protection of human health | Calendar year | 0.5μg/m3 | 0.9μg/m3 on 19th July 2001, reducing on 1st January of each following year by 0.1μg/m3 to reach 0.5μg/m3 by 1st January 2005 | 1st January 2005 |
Regulations 5(5) and 6
The following upper and lower assessment thresholds will apply:
(a)SULPHUR DIOXIDE
| Health protection | Ecosystem protection | |
|---|---|---|
| Upper assessment threshold | 60% of 24-hour limit value (75μg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 3 times in any calendar year) | 60% of winter limit value (12μg/m3) |
| Lower assessment threshold | 40% of 24-hour limit value (50μg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 3 times in any calendar year) | 40% of winter limit value (8μg/m3) |
(b)NITROGEN DIOXIDE AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN
| Hourly limit value for the protection of human health (NO2) | Annual limit value for the protection of human health (NO2) | Annual limit value for the protection of Vegetation (NOx) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Upper assessment threshold | 70% of limit value (140μg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times in any calendar year) | 80% of limit value (32μg/m3) | 80% of limit value (24μg/m3) |
| Lower assessment threshold | 50% of limit value (100μg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times in any calendar year) | 65% of limit value (26μg/m3) | 65% of limit value (19.5μg/m3) |
(c)PARTICULATE MATTER M2
| 24-hour average | Annual average | |
|---|---|---|
| Upper assessment threshold | 60% of limit (30μg/m3, not to be exceeded more than seven times in any calendar year) | 70% of limit value (14μg/m3) |
| Lower assessment threshold | 40% of limit value (20μg/m3, not to be exceeded more than seven times in any calendar year) | 50% of limit value (10μg/m3) |
(d)LEAD
| Annual average | |
|---|---|
| Upper assessment threshold | 70% of limit value (0.35μg/m3) |
| Lower assessment threshold | 50% of limit value (0.25μg/m3) |
Marginal Citations
M2 The upper and lower assessment thresholds for PM
10
are based on the following indicative limit values for 1st January 2010, which will be reviewed in the light of further information on health and environmental effects, technical feasibility and experience in the application of the existing “Stage 1" limit values: (See the following table)
| Averaging period | Limit value | Margin of tolerance | Date by which limit value is to be met | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1.24-hour limit value for the production of human health | 24 hours | 50μg/m3 PM10 not to be exceeded more than 7 times a calendar year | To be derived from date and to be equivalent to Stage 1 limit value | 1st January 2010 |
2.Annual limit value for the protection of human health | Calendar year | 20μg/m3 PM10 | 50% on 1st January 2005 reducing every 12 months thereafter by equal percentages to reach 0% by 1st January 2010 | 1st January 2010 |
Exceedances of upper and lower assessment thresholds must be determined on the basis of concentrations during the previous five years where sufficient data are available. An assessment threshold will be deemed to have been exceeded if during those five years the total number of exceedances of the numerical concentration of the threshold is more than three times the number of exceedances allowed each year.
Where fewer than five years’ data are available, measurement campaigns of short duration during the period of the year and at locations likely to be typical of the highest pollution levels may be combined with results obtained from information from emission inventories and modelling to determine exceedances of the upper and lower assessment thresholds.
Regulation 7(3)
The following considerations will apply to fixed measurement.
(a)Sampling points directed at the protection of human health should be sited:
(i)to provide data on the areas within zones and agglomerations where the highest concentrations occur to which the population is likely to be directly or indirectly exposed for a period which is significant in relation to the averaging period of the limit value(s);
(ii)to provide data on levels in other areas within the zones and agglomerations which are representative of the exposure of the general population.
Sampling points should in general be sited to avoid measuring very small micro-environments in their immediate vicinity. As a guideline, a sampling point should be sited to be representative of air quality in a surrounding area of no less than 200 m2 at traffic-orientated sites and of several square kilometres at urban-background sites.
Sampling points should also, where possible, be representative of similar locations not in their immediate vicinity.
Account should be taken of the need to locate sampling points on islands, where that is necessary for the protection of human health.
(b)Sampling points targeted at the protection of ecosystems or vegetation should be sited more than 20 km from agglomerations or more than 5 km from other built-up areas, industrial installations or motorways. As a guideline, a sampling point should be sited to be representative of air quality in a surrounding area of at least 1 000 km2. A sampling point may be sited at a lesser distance or to be representative of air quality in a less extended area, taking account of geographical conditions.
Account should be taken of the need to assess air quality on islands.
The following guidelines should be met as far as practicable:
– the flow around the inlet sampling probe should be unrestricted without any obstructions affecting the airflow in the vicinity of the sampler (normally some metres away from buildings, balconies, trees, and other obstacles and at least 0.5 m from the nearest building in the case of sampling points representing air quality at the building line);
– in general, the inlet sampling point should be between 1.5 m (the breathing zone) and 4 m above the ground. Higher positions (up to 8 m) may be necessary in some circumstances. Higher siting may also be appropriate if the station is representative of a large area;
– the inlet probe should not be positioned in the immediate vicinity of sources in order to avoid the direct intake of emissions unmixed with ambient air;
– the sampler’s exhaust outlet should be positioned so that recirculation of exhaust air to the sampler inlet is avoided;
– location of traffic-oriented samplers:
– for all pollutants, such sampling points should be at least 25 m from the edge of major junctions and at least 4 m from the centre of the nearest traffic lane,
– for nitrogen dioxide, inlets should be no more than 5 m from the kerbside,
– for particulate matter and lead, inlets should be sited so as to be representative of air quality near to the building line.
The following factors may also be taken into account:
– interfering sources;
– security;
– access;
– availability of electrical power and telephone communications;
– visibility of the site in relation to its surroundings;
– safety of public and operators;
– the desirability of co-locating sampling points for different pollutants;
– planning requirements.
The site-selection procedures should be fully documented at the classification stage by such means as compass-point photographs of the surrounding area and a detailed map. Sites should be reviewed at regular intervals with repeated documentation to ensure that selection criteria remain valid over time.
Regulation 7(4)
(a)
| Population of agglomeration or zone (thousands) | If concentrations exceed the upper assessment threshold | If maximum concentrations are between the upper and lower assessment thresholds | For SO2 and NO2 in agglomerations where maximum concentrations are below the lower assessment threshold |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0–249 | 1 | 1 | not applicable |
| 250–499 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 500–749 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 750–999 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 000–1 499 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| 1 500–1 999 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
| 2 000–2 749 | 6 | 3 | 2 |
| 2 750–3 749 | 7 | 3 | 2 |
| 3 750–4 749 | 8 | 4 | 2 |
| 4 750– 5 999 | 9 | 4 | 2 |
| 6 000 | 10 | 5 | 3 |
| For NO2 and particulate matter: to include at least one urban-background station and one traffic-orientated station |
(b)For the assessment of pollution in the vicinity of point sources, the number of sampling points for fixed measurement should be calculated taking into account emission densities, the likely distribution patterns of ambient-air pollution and the potential exposure of the population.
| If maximum concentrations exceed the upper assessment threshold | If maximum concentrations are between the upper and lower assessment thresholds |
|---|---|
| 1 station every 20 000 km2 | 1 station every 40 000 km2 |
In island zones the number of sampling points for fixed measurement should be calculated taking into account the likely distribution patterns of ambient air pollution and the potential exposure of ecosystems or vegetation.
Regulation 7(5), (8)
The following data-quality objectives for the required accuracy of assessment methods, of minimum time coverage and of data capture of measurement are laid down to guide quality assurance programmes.
| Sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen | Particulate matter and lead | |
|---|---|---|
| Continuous measurement | ||
| Accuracy | 15% | 25% |
| Minimum data capture | 90% | 90% |
| Indicative measurement | ||
| Accuracy | 25% | 50% |
| Minimum data capture | 90% | 90% |
| Minimum time coverage | 14% (One measurement a week at random, evenly distributed over the year, or eight weeks evenly distributed over the year.) | 14% (One measurement a week at random, evenly distributed over the year, or eight weeks evenly distributed over the year.) |
| Modelling | ||
| Accuracy: | ||
| Hourly averages | 50%–60% | |
| Daily averages | 50% | |
| Annual averages | 30% | 50% |
| Objective estimation | ||
| Accuracy: | 75% | 100% |
The accuracy of the measurement is defined as laid down in the “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty of Measurements" (ISO 1993) M3 or in ISO 5725-1 “Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results" (ISO 1994) M4. The percentages in the table are given for individual measurements averaged, over the period considered, by the limit value, for a 95% confidence interval (bias + two times the standard deviation). The accuracy for continuous measurements should be interpreted as being applicable in the region of the appropriate limit value.
Marginal Citations
M3Copies of these International Standards Organisation publications can be purchased from the British Standards Institution “BSI" sales department either by telephone on 020-8996-9001 or by post from the BSI, Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.
M4Copies of these International Standards Organisation publications can be purchased from the British Standards Institution “BSI" sales department either by telephone on 020-8996-9001 or by post from the BSI, Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.
The accuracy for modelling and objective estimation is defined as the maximum deviation of the measured and calculated concentration levels, over the period considered by the limit value, without taking into account the timing of the events.
The requirements for minimum data capture and time coverage do not include losses of data due to the regular calibration or the normal maintenance of the instrumentation.
The Scottish Ministers may allow for random measurements to be made instead of continuous measurements for particulate matter and lead by methods for which accuracy within the 95% confidence interval with respect to continuous monitoring has been demonstrated to be within 10%. Random sampling must be spread evenly over the year.
The following information should be compiled for zones or agglomerations within which sources other than measurement are employed to supplement information from measurement or as the sole means of air quality assessment:
– a description of assessment activities carried out;
– the specific methods used, with references to descriptions of the method;
– the sources of data and information;
– a description of results, including accuracies and, in particular, the extent of any area or, if relevant, the length of road within the zone or agglomeration over which concentrations exceed limit value(s) or, as may be, limit value(s) plus applicable margin(s) of tolerance and of any area within which concentrations exceed the upper assessment threshold or the lower assessment threshold;
– for limit values the object of which is the protection of human health, the population potentially exposed to concentrations in excess of the limit value.
Where possible maps shall be compiled showing concentration distributions within each zone and agglomeration.
Regulation 7(6)
ISO/FDIS 10498 (Standard in draft) Ambient air – determination of sulphur dioxide – ultraviolet fluorescence method M5.
Marginal Citations
M5Copies of these International Standards Organisation publications can be purchased from the British Standards Institution “BSI" sales department either by telephone on 020-8996-9001 or by post from the BSI, Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.
ISO 7996: 1985 Ambient air – determination of the mass concentrations of nitrogen oxides – chemiluminescence method M6.
Marginal Citations
M6Copies of these International Standards Organisation publications can be purchased from the British Standards Institution “BSI" sales department either by telephone on 020-8996-9001 or by post from the BSI, Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.
The reference method for the sampling of lead will be that described in the Annex to Directive 82/884/EEC M7 until such time as the limit value in Schedule 1 to these Regulations is to be met, when the reference method will be that for PM10 as laid down in Part IV of this Schedule.
Marginal Citations
M7O.J. No. L 378, 31.12.82, p.15.
ISO 9855: 1993 Ambient air – Determination of the particulate lead content of aerosols collected in filters. Atomic absorption spectroscopy method M8.
Marginal Citations
M8Copies of these International Standards Organisation publications can be purchased from the British Standards Institution “BSI" sales department either by telephone on 020-8996-9001 or by post from the BSI, Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.
The reference method for the sampling and measurement of PM10 will be that described in EN 12341 “Air Quality – Field Test Procedure to Demonstrate Reference Equivalence of Sampling Methods for the PM10 fraction of particulate matter"M9. The measurement principle is based on the collection on a filter of the PM10 fraction of ambient particulate matter and the gravimetric mass determination.
Marginal Citations
M9European Standards Institute “CEN" publication reference BSEN 12341, obtainable from the British Standards Institute “BSI" as for footnote (a) above
Regulation 9(1), (3), (4)
1. – region
– city (map)
– measuring station (map, geographical coordinates).
2. – type of zone (city, industrial or rural area)
– estimate of the polluted area (km2) and of the populations exposed to the pollution
– useful climatic data
– relevant data on topography
– sufficient information on the type of targets requiring protection in the zone.
3. Names and addresses of persons responsible for the development and implementation of improvement plans.
4. – concentrations observed over previous years (before the implementation of the improvement measures)
– concentrations measured since the beginning of the project
– techniques used for the assessment.
5. – list of the main emission sources responsible for pollution (map)
– total quantity of emissions from these sources (tonnes/year)
– information on pollution imported from other regions.
6. – details of those factors responsible for the excess (transport, including cross-border transport, formation)
– details of possible measures for improvement of air quality.
7. – local, regional, national, international measures
– observed effects of these measures.
8. – listing and description of all the measures set out in the project
– timetable for implementation
– estimate of the improvement of air quality planned and of the expected time required to attain these objectives.
9.
10.