Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981

Part II E+W+S Nature Conservation, Countryside and National Parks

X1 [F1 Sites of special scientific interest and limestone pavements ] E+W+S

Editorial Information

X1 S. 27A and preceding heading repealed (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1)(2), 107, Sch. 11 para. 77, Sch. 12; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2 and new s. 27AA and preceding heading inserted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 78; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

Textual Amendments

F1 S. 27AA and preceding heading inserted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 78; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

27A Construction of references to Nature Conservancy Council. E+W+S

F2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F2 S. 27A and preceding heading repealed (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1)(2), 107, Sch. 11 para. 77, Sch. 12; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

[F3 27AA Application of sections 28 to 34 in Wales E+W+S

[F4 (1)] In relation to land in Wales, sections 28 to 34 (which relate to sites of special scientific interest and limestone pavements) have effect as if references to Natural England were references to [F5 the Natural Resources Body for Wales and as if section 28D(2)(d) were omitted].

[F6 (2) Subsection (3) applies where—

(a) any provision of sections 28 to 34 requires the Natural Resources Body for Wales to give a notification or notice to the local planning authority in whose area land is situated, and

(b) all or part of the land is included in [F7 a strategic planning area designated under section 60D of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004] [F7 the area of a corporate joint committee to which Part 6 of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 applies by virtue of regulations under Part 5 of the Local Government and Elections (Wales) Act 2021] .

(3) The Natural Resources Body for Wales must also give the notification or notice to [F8 the strategic planning panel for the strategic planning area] [F8 that corporate joint committee] .]]

Textual Amendments

F3 S. 27AA and preceding heading inserted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 78; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F4 S. 27AA(1): s. 27AA renumbered as s. 27AA(1) (6.9.2015 for specified purposes, 7.1.2021 in so far as not already in force) by Planning (Wales) Act 2015 (anaw 4), s. 58(2)(b)(4)(b), Sch. 2 para. 6(2); S.I. 2021/7, reg. 2(c)

F5 Words in s. 27AA substituted (1.4.2013) by The Natural Resources Body for Wales (Functions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/755), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 172 (with Sch. 7)

F6 S. 27AA(2)(3) inserted (6.9.2015 for specified purposes, 7.1.2021 in so far as not already in force) by Planning (Wales) Act 2015 (anaw 4), s. 58(2)(b)(4)(b), Sch. 2 para. 6(3); S.I. 2021/7, reg. 2(c)

F7 Words in s. 27AA(2)(b) substituted (W.) (21.1.2021) by Local Government and Elections (Wales) Act 2021 (asc 1), s. 175(1)(e), Sch. 9 para. 21(a)

F8 Words in s. 27AA(3) substituted (W.) (21.1.2021) by Local Government and Elections (Wales) Act 2021 (asc 1), s. 175(1)(e), Sch. 9 para. 21(b)

[F9 28 Sites of special scientific interest. E+W

(1) Where [F10 Natural England] are of the opinion that any area of land is of special interest by reason of any of its flora, fauna, or geological or physiographical features, it shall be the duty of [F10 Natural England] to notify that fact—

(a) to the local planning authority [F11 (if any)] in whose area the land is situated;

(b) to every owner and occupier of any of that land; and

(c) to the Secretary of State.

[F12 (1A) The reference in subsection (1) to land includes—

(a) any land lying above mean low water mark;

(b) any land covered by estuarial waters.

(1B) Where the area of land to which a notification under subsection (1) relates includes land falling within subsection (1A)(a) or (b) (“area A”), it may also include land not falling within subsection (1A)(a) or (b) (“area B”) if—

(a) area B adjoins area A, and

(b) any of the conditions in subsection (1C) is satisfied.

(1C) The conditions are—

(a) that the flora, fauna or features leading to the notification of area A is or are also present in area B;

(b) that the notification of area A is by reason of any flora or fauna which are dependent (wholly or in part) on anything which takes place in, or is present in, area B;

(c) that, without the inclusion of area B, the identification of the boundary of the land notified (either in the notification or on the ground for the purposes of exercising functions in relation to it) would be impossible or impracticable.]

(2) [F10 Natural England] shall also publish a notification of [F13 the fact mentioned in subsection (1)] in at least one local newspaper circulating in the area in which the land is situated.

(3) A notification under subsection (1) shall specify the time (not being less than three months from the date of the giving of the notification) within which, and the manner in which, representations or objections with respect to it may be made; and [F10 Natural England] shall consider any representation or objection duly made.

(4) A notification under subsection (1)(b) shall also specify—

(a) the flora, fauna, or geological or physiographical features by reason of which the land is of special interest, and

(b) any operations appearing to [F10 Natural England] to be likely to damage that flora or fauna or those features,

and shall contain a statement of [F14 Natural England's] views about the management of the land (including any views [F10 Natural England] may have about the conservation and enhancement of that flora or fauna or those features).

(5) Where a notification under subsection (1) has been given, [F10 Natural England] may within the period of nine months beginning with the date on which the notification was served on the Secretary of State either—

(a) give notice to the persons mentioned in subsection (1) withdrawing the notification; or

(b) give notice to those persons confirming the notification (with or without modifications).

[F15 In the case of a notification given in relation to land lying below mean low water mark by virtue of subsection (1B), this subsection is subject to section 28CB(4) and (6).]

(6) A notification shall cease to have effect—

(a) on the giving of notice of its withdrawal under subsection (5)(a) to any of the persons mentioned in subsection (1); or

(b) if not withdrawn or confirmed by notice under subsection (5) within the period of nine months referred to there, at the end of that period.

[F16 (6A) Subsection (6)(b) does not apply in a case where notice has been given to Natural England under section 28CB(3).]

(7) [F14 Natural England's] power under subsection (5)(b) to confirm a notification under subsection (1) with modifications shall not be exercised so as to add to the operations specified in the notification or extend the area to which it applies.

(8) As from the time when there is served on the owner or occupier of any land which has been notified under subsection (1)(b) a notice under subsection (5)(b) confirming the notification with modifications, the notification shall have effect in its modified form in relation to so much (if any) of that land as remains subject to it.

(9) A notification under subsection (1)(b) of land in England and Wales shall be a local land charge.

[F17 (9A) For the purposes of this Part “estuarial waters” means any waters within the limits of transitional waters, within the meaning of the Water Framework Directive (that is to say, Directive 2000/60/ EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy). ]

(10) For the purposes of this section and sections 28A to 28D, “local planning authority”, in relation to land within the Broads, includes the Broads Authority.]

Extent Information

E1 This version of this provision extends to England and Wales only; a separate version has been created for Scotland only

Textual Amendments

F9 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F10 Words in s. 28 substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F11 Words in s. 28(1)(a) inserted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 2(2)(8); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F12 S. 28(1A)-(1C) inserted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 2(3)(8); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F13 Words in s. 28(2) substituted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 2(4)(8); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F14 Words in s. 28 substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F15 Words in s. 28(5) inserted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 2(5)(8); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F16 S. 28(6A) inserted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 2(6)(8); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F17 S. 28(9A) inserted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 2(7)(8); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

28 Areas of special scientific interest. S

F226 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Extent Information

E7 This version of this provision extends to Scotland only; a separate version has been created for England and Wales

Textual Amendments

F226 S. 28 repealed (S.) (29.11.2004) by Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004 (asp 6), ss. 57, 59, Sch. 7 para. 4 (with transitional provisions and savings in Sch. 5 Pt. 2) (S.S.I. 2004/495), {art. 2}

[F18 28A Variation of notification under section 28. E+W

(1) At any time after notice has been given under section 28(5)(b) confirming a notification (with or without modifications), [F19 Natural England] may by notice vary the matters specified or stated in the confirmed notification (whether by adding to them, changing them, or removing matter from them).

(2) The area of land cannot be varied under this section.

(3) [F19 Natural England] shall give notice setting out the variation to—

(a) the local planning authority [F20 (if any)] in whose area the land is situated,

(b) every owner and occupier of any of the land who in the opinion of the Council may be affected by the variation, and

(c) the Secretary of State,

and after service of a notice under paragraph (b) the notification under section 28(1)(b) shall have effect in its varied form.

(4) Section 28(3) shall apply to such a notice as it applies to a notification under section 28(1).

(5) Where a notice under subsection (3) has been given, [F19 Natural England] may within the period of nine months beginning with the date the last of the owners and occupiers referred to in subsection (3)(b) was served with the notice either—

(a) give notice to the persons mentioned in subsection (3) withdrawing the notice; or

(b) give notice to them confirming the notice (with or without modifications).

(6) A notice under subsection (3) shall cease to have effect—

(a) on the giving of notice of its withdrawal under subsection (5)(a) to any of the persons mentioned in subsection (3); or

(b) if not withdrawn or confirmed by notice under subsection (5) within the period of nine months referred to in that subsection, at the end of that period.

(7) As from the time when there is served on the owner or occupier of any land a notice under subsection (5)(b) confirming a notice of variation with modifications, the notification under section 28(1)(b) shall have effect as so varied.

(8) A local land charge existing by virtue of section 28(9) shall be varied in accordance with a notice under subsection (3) or (5)(b).]

Textual Amendments

F18 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F19 Words in s. 28A substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F20 Words in s. 28A(3)(a) inserted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 3; S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

[F21 28B Notification of additional land. E+W

(1) Where [F22 Natural England] are of the opinion that if land adjacent to a site of special scientific interest (“the extra land”) were combined with the site of special scientific interest (“the SSSI ”), the combined area of land would be of special interest by reason of any of its flora, fauna, or geological or physiographical features, [F22 Natural England] may decide to notify that fact.

(2) If they do so decide, the persons whom they must notify are—

(a) the local planning authority [F23 (if any)] in whose area the extra land is situated;

(b) every owner and occupier of any of that extra land; and

(c) the Secretary of State.

[F24 (2A) The reference in subsection (1) to land includes—

(a) any land lying above mean low water mark;

(b) any land covered by estuarial waters.

(2B) If any of the conditions in subsection (2C) is satisfied, the extra land may consist of or include an area of land not falling within subsection (2A)(a) or (b).

(2C) The conditions are—

(a) that the flora, fauna or features that led to the notification of the SSSI is or are also present in the area of the extra land not falling within subsection (2A)(a) or (b);

(b) that the notification of the SSSI is by reason of any flora or fauna which are dependent (wholly or in part) on anything which takes place in, or is present in, that area;

(c) that, without the inclusion of that area, the identification of the boundary of the SSSI (either in the notification or on the ground for the purposes of exercising functions in relation to it) would be impossible or impracticable.]

(3) No [F25 notification under subsection (2)] may be given until after notice has been given under section 28(5)(b) confirming (with or without modifications) the notification under section 28(1) relating to the SSSI.

(4) Subsections (2) and (3) of section 28 shall apply for the purposes of this section as they apply for the purposes of that section.

(5) A notification under subsection (2)(b) shall also specify—

(a) the area of land constituting the SSSI;

(b) what (as at the date of the notification under subsection (2)(b)) is specified or contained in the notification under section 28(1)(b) relating to the SSSI by virtue of section 28(4); and

(c) the reasons why [F22 Natural England] is of the opinion referred to in subsection (1).

(6) In addition, the notification under subsection (2)(b) shall include a statement—

(a) saying whether or not anything among the matters specified in the notification by virtue of subsection (5)(c) is particularly relevant to the extra land; and

(b) if any such thing is of particular relevance, specifying which.

(7) Subsections (5) to (7) of section 28 apply in relation to a notification under subsection (2) of this section as they apply in relation to a notification under subsection (1) of that section, as if references to “subsection (1)” [F26 and “subsection (1B)”] in section 28(5) to (7) were references to subsection (2) [F27 and subsection (2B) of this section respectively].

(8) As from the time when a notification under subsection (2)(b) is served on the owner or occupier of any land, the notification under section 28(1)(b) shall have effect as if it included the notification under subsection (2)(b).

(9) As from the time when there is served on the owner or occupier of any land which has been notified under subsection (2)(b) a notice under section 28(5)(b) (as applied by subsection (7) of this section) confirming the notification under subsection (2)(b) with modifications, the notification under section 28(1)(b) (as extended by virtue of subsection (8) of this section) shall have effect in its modified form.

(10) A local land charge existing by virtue of section 28(9) shall be varied in accordance with a notification under subsection (2) or under section 28(5)(b) as applied by subsection (7) of this section.]

Textual Amendments

F21 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F22 Words in s. 28B substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F23 Words in s. 28B(2)(a) inserted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 5(2)(6); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F24 S. 28B(2A)-(2C) inserted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 5(3)(6); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F25 Words in s. 28B(3) substituted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 5(4)(6); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F26 Words in s. 28B(7) inserted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 5(5)(a)(6); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F27 Words in s. 28B(7) substituted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 5(5)(b)(6); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

[F28 28C Enlargement of SSSI. E+W

(1) Where [F29 Natural England] are of the opinion that any area of land which includes, but also extends beyond, a site of special scientific interest (“the SSSI ”) is of special interest by reason of any of its flora, fauna, or geological or physiographical features, [F29 Natural England] may decide to notify that fact.

(2) If they do so decide, the persons whom they must notify are—

(a) the local planning authority [F30 (if any)] in whose area the land (including the SSSI ) is situated;

(b) every owner and occupier of any of that land (including the SSSI); and

(c) the Secretary of State.

[F31 (2A) The reference in subsection (1) to land includes—

(a) any land lying above mean low water mark;

(b) any land covered by estuarial waters.

(2B) If any of the conditions in subsection (2C) is satisfied, the area of land to which a notification under subsection (2) relates may include an area of land not falling within subsection (2A)(a) or (b).

(2C) The conditions are—

(a) that the flora, fauna or features that led to the notification of the SSSI is or are also present in the area of land not falling within subsection (2A)(a) or (b);

(b) that the notification of the SSSI is by reason of any flora or fauna which are dependent (wholly or in part) on anything which takes place in, or is present in, that area;

(c) that, without the inclusion of that area, the identification of the boundary of the SSSI (either in the notification or on the ground for the purposes of exercising functions in relation to it) would be impossible or impracticable.]

(3) Subsections (2) to (8) of section 28 apply to a notification under subsection (2) of this section as they apply to a notification under subsection (1) of that section, as if references to “subsection (1)” [F32 , “subsection (1)(b)” and “subsection (1B)”] in section 28(2) to (8) were references to subsection (2) [F33 , subsection (2)(b) and subsection (2B)] of this section respectively.

(4) No notification may be given under subsection (2) until after notice has been given under section 28(5)(b) (or section 28(5)(b) as applied by subsection (3)) confirming (with or without modifications) the notification under section 28(1) (or subsection (2)) relating to the SSSI.

(5) As from the time when a notification under subsection (2) is served on the owner or occupier of any land included in the SSSI , the notification in relation to that land which had effect immediately before the service of the notification under subsection (2) shall cease to have effect.

(6) A notification under subsection (2)(b) of land in England and Wales shall be a local land charge; and, to the extent that any such land was the subject of a local land charge by virtue of section 28(9), that local land charge shall be discharged.

(7) A notice under section 28E(1)(a) and a consent under section 28E(3)(a) given before a notification under subsection (2)(b) continue to have effect.

(8) The enlargement of a site of special scientific interest under this section does not affect anything done under section 28J to 28L.

(9) Any reference to—

(a) a notification under section 28(1) (or any of its paragraphs) shall be construed as including the corresponding notification under subsection (2);

(b) a notification under section 28(5)(b) shall be construed as including a notification under that provision as applied by subsection (3); and

(c) a local land charge existing by virtue of section 28(9) shall be treated as including one existing by virtue of subsection (6).]

Textual Amendments

F28 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F29 Words in s. 28C substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F30 Words in s. 28C(2)(a) inserted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 6(2)(5); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F31 S. 28C(2A)-(2C) inserted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 6(3)(5); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F32 Words in s. 28C(3) substituted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 6(4)(a)(5); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F33 Words in s. 28C(3) substituted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 6(4)(b)(5); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

[F34 28CA Guidance in relation to subtidal notifications of SSSIs E+W

(1) The ministerial authority may issue guidance to Natural England about the exercise of the power conferred by section 28(1B), 28B(2B) or 28C(2B) to give a notification under section 28(1), 28B(2) or 28C(2) (as the case may be) in relation to land lying below mean low water mark.

(2) In this section and section 28CB “the ministerial authority” means—

(a) in relation to England, the Secretary of State;

(b) in relation to Wales, the Welsh Ministers.]

Textual Amendments

F34 S. 28CA inserted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 7; S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

[F35 28CB Power to call in subtidal notifications E+W

(1) This section applies where a notification under section 28(1), 28B(2) or 28C(2) has been given in relation to land lying below mean low water mark (“the subtidal land”) by virtue of section 28(1B), 28B(2B) or 28C(2B) (as the case may be).

(2) Natural England may not give notice under section 28(5)(b) confirming the notification unless, at least 21 days before doing so, they have given notice of their intention to the ministerial authority.

(For the meaning of “the ministerial authority”, see section 28CA.)

(3) At any time before the notification is confirmed the ministerial authority may give notice to Natural England that the ministerial authority is considering whether to give a direction under subsection (5) regarding the subtidal land.

(4) If the ministerial authority gives notice under subsection (3), Natural England may not give notice under section 28(5) until the ministerial authority has given a direction under subsection (5).

(5) The ministerial authority may direct—

(a) that the notification (if confirmed) must include all of the subtidal land;

(b) that the notification (if confirmed) must not include any of the subtidal land;

(c) that the notification (if confirmed) must, or must not, include such part of that land as is specified in the direction;

(d) that the decision whether the notification (if confirmed) should include the subtidal land is to be taken by Natural England.

(6) If the ministerial authority gives a direction under subsection (5), Natural England must give notice under section 28(5)(a) or (b), in accordance with that direction, within the period of three months beginning with the date on which the direction is received by them.

(7) The ministerial authority may, before deciding whether to give a direction under subsection (5), give to any person the opportunity of—

(a) appearing before and being heard by a person appointed by the ministerial authority for that purpose;

(b) providing written representations to such a person.

(8) A person appointed under subsection (7) must make a report to the ministerial authority of any oral or written representations made under that subsection.

(9) The ministerial authority may make regulations providing for the procedure to be followed (including decisions as to costs) at hearings held under subsection (7).

(10) The power to make regulations under subsection (9) is exercisable by statutory instrument.

(11) A statutory instrument containing regulations made under subsection (9) by the Secretary of State shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

(12) A statutory instrument containing regulations made under subsection (9) by the Welsh Ministers shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the National Assembly for Wales.]

Textual Amendments

F35 S. 28CB inserted (E.W.) (12.11.2009 for specified purposes, 12.1.2010 for specified purposes, 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), s. 324(1)(c)(d)(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 8; S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

[F36 28D Denotification. E+W

(1) Where [F37 Natural England] are of the opinion that all or part of a site of special scientific interest

[F38 (a)] is [F39 not] of special interest by reason of any of the matters mentioned in section 28(1), [F40 or

(b) should no longer be the subject of a notification under section 28(1) because that land has been designated as (or as part of) a marine conservation zone under section 116 of the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009,]

they may decide to notify that fact.

(2) If they do so decide, the persons whom they must notify are—

(a) the local planning authority [F41 (if any)] in whose area [F42 the land mentioned in subsection (1)] is situated;

(b) every owner and occupier of any of that land;

(c) the Secretary of State;

(d) the Environment Agency; and

(e) every relevant undertaker (within the meaning of section 4(1) of the M1 Water Industry Act 1991) and every internal drainage board (within the meaning of section 61C(1) of the M2 Land Drainage Act 1991) whose works, operations or activities may affect the land.

(3) [F37 Natural England] shall also publish a notification of [F43 the fact mentioned in subsection (1)(a) or (b)] in at least one local newspaper circulating in the area in which the land referred to in subsection (2)(a) is situated.

(4) Section 28(3) shall apply to a notification under subsection (2) or (3) as it applies to a notification under section 28(1).

(5) Where a notification under subsection (2) has been given, [F37 Natural England] may within the period of nine months beginning with the date on which the notification was served on the Secretary of State either—

(a) give notice to the persons mentioned in subsection (2) withdrawing the notification, or

(b) give notice to those persons confirming the notification, or confirming it in relation to an area of land specified in the notice which is smaller than that specified in the notification under subsection (2),

but if they do neither the notification shall cease to have effect.

(6) A notification under subsection (2) shall have effect in relation to any land as from the time a notice under subsection (5)(b) is served on its owner or occupier, and from that time a notification under section 28(1)(b) in relation to that land shall cease to have effect.

(7) A local land charge existing by virtue of section 28(9) shall be discharged in relation to land which is the subject of a notice under subsection (5)(b).]

Textual Amendments

F36 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F37 Words in s. 28D substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F38 Words in s. 28D(1) renumbered (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) as s. 28D(1)(a) by virtue of Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 9(2); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F39 Words in s. 28D substituted (31.5.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 56, 107; S.I. 2006/1382, art. 2

F40 S. 28D(1)(b) and preceding word inserted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 9(2); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F41 Words in s. 28D(2)(a) inserted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 9(3)(a); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F42 Words in s. 28D(2)(a) substituted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 9(3)(b); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F43 Words in s. 28D(3) substituted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 9(4); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

Marginal Citations

M1 1991 c. 56.

M2 1991 c. 59.

[F44 28E Duties in relation to sites of special scientific interest. E+W

( 1) The owner or occupier of any land included in a site of special scientific interest shall not while the notification under section 28(1)(b) remains in force carry out, or cause or permit to be carried out, on that land any operation specified in the notification unless—

(a) one of them has, after service of the notification, given [F45 Natural England] notice of a proposal to carry out the operation specifying its nature and the land on which it is proposed to carry it out; and

(b) one of the conditions specified in subsection (3) is fulfilled.

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to an owner or occupier being an authority to which section 28G applies acting in the exercise of its functions.

(3) The conditions are—

(a) that the operation is carried out with [F46 Natural England's] written consent;

(b) that the operation is carried out in accordance with the terms of an agreement under section 16 of the 1949 Act [F47 , section 7 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 or section 16 of the Environment (Wales) Act 2016];

(c) that the operation is carried out in accordance with a management scheme under section 28J or a management notice under section 28K.

(4) A consent under subsection (3)(a) may be given—

(a) subject to conditions, and

(b) for a limited period,

as specified in the consent.

(5) If [F45 Natural England] do not consent, they shall give notice saying so to the person who gave the notice under subsection (1).

(6) [F45 Natural England] may, by notice given to every owner and occupier of any of the land included in the site of special scientific interest, or the part of it to which the consent relates—

(a) withdraw the consent; or

(b) modify it (or further modify it) in any way.

(7) The following—

(a) a consent under subsection (3)(a) granting consent subject to conditions or for a limited period, and

(b) a notice under subsection (5) or (6),

must include a notice of [F46 Natural England's] reasons for imposing the conditions, for the limitation of the period, for refusing consent, or for withdrawing or modifying the consent, and also a notice of the matters set out in subsection (8).

(8) The matters referred to in subsection (7) are—

(a) the rights of appeal under section 28F;

(b) the effect of subsection (9); and

(c) in the case of a notice under subsection (6), the effect of section 28M.

(9) A withdrawal or modification of a consent is not to take effect until—

(a) the expiry of the period for appealing against it; or

(b) if an appeal is brought, its withdrawal or final determination.

(10) [F45 Natural England] shall have power to enforce the provisions of this section.]

Textual Amendments

F44 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F45 Words in s. 28E substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F46 Words in s. 28E substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F47 Words in s. 28E(3)(b) substituted (21.5.2016) by Environment (Wales) Act 2016 (anaw 3), s. 88(2)(a), Sch. 2 para. 3(2)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1 S. 28E excluded (1.6.2016) by The A14 Cambridge to Huntingdon Improvement Scheme Development Consent Order 2016 (S.I. 2016/547), arts. 1, 3(1)(f) (with arts. 4, 5(3))

C2 S. 28E excluded (30.10.2019) by The Northampton Gateway Rail Freight Interchange Order 2019 (S.I. 2019/1358), arts. 1, 45(1)(d) (with art. 45(7), Sch. 13 Pt. 1 para. 19)

C3 S. 28E excluded (25.5.2020) by The West Midlands Rail Freight Interchange Order 2020 (S.I. 2020/511), arts. 1, 44(1)(e) (with art. 44(8))

C4 S. 28E excluded (2.6.2022) by The M25 Junction 10/A3 Wisley Interchange Development Consent Order 2022 (S.I. 2022/549), arts. 1, 3(1)(f) (with arts. 6, 34)

C5 S. 28E excluded (4.8.2023) by The A303 (Amesbury to Berwick Down) Development Consent Order 2023 (S.I. 2023/834), arts. 1, 3(1) (with arts. 6(2), 18, Sch. 11 paras. 5, 30)

C6 S. 28E(1) excluded (30.1.2001) by 1987 c. 53, s. 9(7)(a) (as substituted (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 76(1), 103(2), Sch. 10 Pt. II para. 6)

S. 28E(1) excluded (30.1.2001) by 1996 c. 61, s. 38, Sch. 10 para. 6(a) (as substituted (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 76(1), 103(2), Sch. 10 Pt. II para. 11)

[F48 28F Appeals in connection with consents. E+W

(1) The following persons—

(a) an owner or occupier who has been refused a consent under section 28E(3)(a),

(b) an owner or occupier who has been granted such a consent but who is aggrieved by conditions attached to it, or by the fact that it is for a limited period, or by the length of that period,

(c) an owner or occupier who is aggrieved by the modification of a consent;

(d) an owner or occupier who is aggrieved by the withdrawal of a consent,

may by notice appeal to the Secretary of State against the relevant decision.

(2) If [F49 Natural England] neither give consent nor refuse it within the period of four months beginning with the date on which the notice referred to in section 28E(1)(a) was sent, the person who gave that notice may for the purposes of subsection (1) treat [F49 Natural England] as having refused consent (and his appeal is to be determined on that basis).

(3) Notice of an appeal must reach the Secretary of State—

(a) except in a case falling within subsection (2), within the period of two months beginning with the date of the notice giving consent or the notice under section 28E(5) or (6), or

(b) in a case falling within subsection (2), within the period of two months beginning immediately after the expiry of the four-month period referred to there,

or, in either case, within such longer period as is agreed in writing between [F49 Natural England] and the appellant.

(4) Before determining an appeal, the Secretary of State may, if he thinks fit—

(a) cause the appeal to take, or continue in, the form of a hearing (which may be held wholly or partly in private if the appellant so requests and the person hearing the appeal agrees), or

(b) cause a local inquiry to be held,

and he must act as mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b) if either party to the appeal asks to be heard in connection with the appeal.

(5) On determining an appeal against a decision, the Secretary of State may—

(a) affirm the decision,

(b) where the decision was a refusal of consent, direct [F49 Natural England] to give consent,

(c) where the decision was as to the terms of a consent (whether the original or a modified one), quash all or any of those terms,

(d) where the decision was a withdrawal or modification of consent, quash the decision,

and where he exercises any of the powers in paragraphs (b), (c) or (d) he may give directions to [F49 Natural England] as to the terms on which they are to give consent.

(6) The Secretary of State may by regulations made by statutory instrument make provision about appeals under this section, and in particular about—

(a) notices of appeal and supporting documentation required, and

(b) how appeals are to be brought and considered,

and any such regulations may make different provision for different cases and circumstances.

(7) A statutory instrument containing regulations under subsection (6) shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

(8) The Secretary of State may appoint any person to exercise on his behalf, with or without payment, his function of determining an appeal under this section or any matter involved in such an appeal.

(9) Schedule 10A shall have effect with respect to appointments under subsection (8).

(10) Subsections (2) to (5) of section 250 of the M3 Local Government Act 1972 (local inquiries: evidence and costs) apply in relation to hearings or local inquiries under this section as they apply in relation to local inquiries under that section, but as if the reference there—

(a) to the person appointed to hold the inquiry were a reference to the Secretary of State or to the person appointed to conduct the hearing or hold the inquiry under this section; and

(b) to the Minister causing an inquiry to be held were to the Secretary of State.

(11) Section 322A of the M4 Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (orders as to costs where no hearing or inquiry takes place) applies in relation to a hearing or local inquiry under this section as it applies in relation to a hearing or local inquiry referred to in that section.

[F50 (12) In relation to Wales this section has effect as if for subsections (10) and (11) there were substituted—

“(10) Section 322C of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (costs: Wales) applies in relation to a hearing or inquiry under this section in Wales as it applies in relation to a hearing or inquiry mentioned in that section.”]]

Textual Amendments

F48 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F49 Words in s. 28F substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F50 S. 28F(12) inserted (6.9.2015 for specified purposes, 1.3.2016 in so far as not already in force) by Planning (Wales) Act 2015 (anaw 4), s. 58(2)(b)(4)(b), Sch. 5 para. 5; S.I. 2016/52, art. 4(a) (with art. 17)

Marginal Citations

M3 1972 c. 70.

M4 1990 c. 8.

[F51 28G Statutory undertakers, etc.: general duty. E+W

(1) An authority to which this section applies (referred to in this section and in sections 28H and 28I as “a section 28G authority”) shall have the duty set out in subsection (2) in exercising its functions so far as their exercise is likely to affect the flora, fauna or geological or physiographical features by reason of which a site of special scientific interest is of special interest.

(2) The duty is to take reasonable steps, consistent with the proper exercise of the authority’s functions, to further the conservation and enhancement of the flora, fauna or geological or physiographical features by reason of which the site is of special scientific interest.

(3) The following are section 28G authorities—

(a) a Minister of the Crown (within the meaning of the Ministers of the M5 Crown Act 1975) or a Government department;

(b) the National Assembly for Wales;

(c) a local authority;

(d) a person holding an office—

(i) under the Crown,

(ii) created or continued in existence by a public general Act of Parliament, or

(iii) the remuneration in respect of which is paid out of money provided by Parliament;

(e) a statutory undertaker F52 . . . ; and

(f) any other public body of any description.

[F53 (4) “Statutory undertaker” means a person who is or is deemed to be a statutory undertaker for the purposes of any provision of Part 11 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990.]]

Textual Amendments

F51 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F52 Words in s. 28G(3)(e) repealed (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1)(2), 107, Sch. 11 para. 81(2), Sch. 12; S.I. 2006/2541, art.2

F53 S. 28G(4) inserted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 81(3); S.I. 2006/2541, art.2

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C7 S. 28G(2) excluded (30.1.2001) by 1987 c. 53, s. 9(7)(b) (as substituted (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 76(1), 103(2), Sch. 10 Pt. II para. 6)

S. 28G(2) excluded (30.1.2001) by 1996 c. 61, s. 38, Sch. 10 para. 6(b) (as substituted (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 76(1), 103(2), Sch. 10 Pt. II para. 11)

Marginal Citations

M5 1975 c. 26.

[F54 28H Statutory undertakers, etc.: duty in relation to carrying out operations. E+W

(1) A section 28G authority shall give notice to [F55 Natural England] before carrying out, in the exercise of its functions, operations likely to damage any of the flora, fauna or geological or physiographical features by reason of which a site of special scientific interest is of special interest.

(2) Subsection (1) applies even if the operations would not take place on land included in a site of special scientific interest.

(3) In response to the notice referred to in subsection (1), [F55 Natural England] may send a notice—

(a) saying that they do not assent to the proposed operations, or

(b) assenting to them (with or without conditions),

but if they do not send a notice under paragraph (b) within the period of 28 days beginning with the date of the notice under subsection (1) they shall be treated as having declined to assent.

(4) If [F55 Natural England] do not assent, or if the authority proposes to carry out the operations otherwise than in accordance with the terms of the Council’s assent, the authority—

(a) shall not carry out the operations unless the condition set out in subsection (5) is satisfied, and

(b) shall comply with the requirements set out in subsection (6) when carrying them out.

(5) The condition is that the authority has, after the expiry of the period of 28 days beginning with the date of the notice under subsection (1), notified the Council of—

(a) the date on which it proposes to start the operations (which must be after the expiry of the period of 28 days beginning with the date of the notification under this paragraph), and

(b) how (if at all) it has taken account of any written advice it received from [F55 Natural England], before the date of the notification under this paragraph, in response to the notice under subsection (1).

(6) The requirements are—

(a) that the authority carry out the operations in such a way as to give rise to as little damage as is reasonably practicable in all the circumstances to the flora, fauna or geological or physiographical features by reason of which the site is of special interest (taking account, in particular, of any such advice as is referred to in subsection (5)(b)); and

(b) that the authority restore the site to its former condition, so far as is reasonably practicable, if any such damage does occur.]

Textual Amendments

F54 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F55 Words in s. 28H substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

[F56 28I Statutory undertakers, etc.: duty in relation to authorising operations. E+W

(1) This section applies where the permission of a section 28G authority is needed before operations may be carried out.

(2) Before permitting the carrying out of operations likely to damage any of the flora, fauna or geological or physiographical features by reason of which a site of special scientific interest is of special interest, a section 28G authority shall give notice of the proposed operations to [F57 Natural England].

(3) Subsection (2) applies even if the operations would not take place on land included in a site of special scientific interest.

(4) The authority shall wait until the expiry of the period of 28 days beginning with the date of the notice under subsection (2) before deciding whether to give its permission, unless [F57 Natural England] have notified the authority that it need not wait until then.

(5) The authority shall take any advice received from [F57 Natural England] into account—

(a) in deciding whether or not to permit the proposed operations, and

(b) if it does decide to do so, in deciding what (if any) conditions are to be attached to the permission.

(6) If [F57 Natural England] advise against permitting the operations, or advise that certain conditions should be attached, but the section 28G authority does not follow that advice, the authority—

(a) shall give notice of the permission, and of its terms, to [F57 Natural England], the notice to include a statement of how (if at all) the authority has taken account of the Council’s advice, and

(b) shall not grant a permission which would allow the operations to start before the end of the period of 21 days beginning with the date of that notice.

(7) In this section “permission”, in relation to any operations, includes authorisation, consent, and any other type of permission (and “permit” and “permitting” are to be construed accordingly).]

Textual Amendments

F56 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F57 Words in s. 28I substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C8 S. 28I excluded (30.1.2001) by 1987 c. 53, s. 9(7) (as substituted (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 76(1), 103(2), Sch. 10 Pt. II para. 6)

S. 28I excluded (30.1.2001) by 1996 c. 61, s. 38, Sch. 10 para. 6 (as substituted (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 76(1), 103(2), Sch. 10 Pt. II para. 11)

[F58 28J Management schemes. E+W

(1) [F59 Natural England] may formulate a management scheme for all or part of a site of special scientific interest.

(2) A management scheme is a scheme for—

(a) conserving the flora, fauna, or geological or physiographical features by reason of which the land (or the part of it to which the scheme relates) is of special interest; or

(b) restoring them; or

(c) both.

(3) [F59 Natural England] shall serve notice of a proposed management scheme on every owner and occupier of any of the land (or the part of it to which the scheme would relate); but it may be served on them only after they have been consulted about the proposed management scheme.

(4) The notice may be served with the notification referred to in section 28(1)(b) or afterwards.

(5) The owners and occupiers upon whom the notice must be served (referred to in this section as “the relevant owners and occupiers”) are—

(a) if it is served with the notification under section 28(1)(b), or later but before the notification referred to in section 28(5)(b), the owners and occupiers referred to in section 28(1)(b);

(b) if it is served with the notification under section 28(5)(b) or later, the owners and occupiers of such of the land as remains subject to the notification.

(6) The notice of a proposed management scheme must include a copy of the proposed scheme.

(7) The notice must specify the time (not being less than three months from the date of the giving of the notice) within which, and the manner in which, representations or objections with respect to the proposed management scheme may be made; and [F59 Natural England] shall consider any representation or objection duly made.

(8) Where a notice under subsection (3) has been given, [F59 Natural England] may within the period of nine months beginning with the date on which the notice was served on the last of the relevant owners and occupiers either—

(a) give notice to the relevant owners and occupiers withdrawing the notice, or

(b) give notice to them confirming the management scheme (with or without modifications),

and if notice under paragraph (b) is given, the management scheme shall have effect from the time the notice is served on all of the relevant owners or occupiers.

(9) A notice under subsection (3) shall cease to have effect—

(a) on the giving of a notice of withdrawal under subsection (8)(a) to any of the relevant owners and occupiers; or

(b) if not withdrawn or confirmed by notice under subsection (8) within the period of nine months referred to there, at the end of that period.

(10) [F60 Natural England's] power under subsection (8)(b) to confirm a management scheme with modifications shall not be exercised so as to make complying with it more onerous.

(11) [F59 Natural England] may at any time cancel or propose the modification of a management scheme.

(12) In relation to—

(a) the cancellation of a management scheme, subsections (3) to (5) apply, and

(b) a proposal to modify a management scheme, subsections (3) to (10) apply,

as they apply in relation to a proposal for a management scheme.

F61 (13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .]

Textual Amendments

F58 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F59 Words in s. 28J substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F60 Words in s. 28J substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F61 S. 28J(13) omitted (21.5.2016) by virtue of Environment (Wales) Act 2016 (anaw 3), s. 88(2)(a), Sch. 2 para. 3(3)

[F62 28K Management notices. E+W

(1) Where it appears to [F63 Natural England] that—

(a) an owner or occupier of land is not giving effect to a provision of a management scheme, and

(b) as a result any flora, fauna or geological or physiographical features by reason of which the land is of special interest are being inadequately conserved or restored,

they may if they think fit serve a notice on him (a “management notice”).

(2) They may not serve a management notice unless they are satisfied that they are unable to conclude, on reasonable terms, an agreement with the owner or occupier as to the management of the land in accordance with the management scheme.

(3) A management notice is a notice requiring the owner or occupier to—

(a) carry out such work on the land, and

(b) do such other things with respect to it,

as are specified in the notice, and to do so before the dates or within the periods so specified.

(4) The work and other things specified in the notice must appear to [F63 Natural England] to be measures which it is reasonable to require in order to ensure that the land is managed in accordance with the management scheme.

(5) The management notice must explain the effect of subsection (7) and (8) and of sections 28L and 28M(2) to (4).

(6) A copy of the management notice must be served on every other owner and occupier of the land.

(7) If any of the work or other things required by a management notice have not been done within the period or by the date specified in it, [F63 Natural England] may—

(a) enter the land, and any other land, and carry out the work, or do the other things; and

(b) recover from the owner or occupier upon whom the notice was served any expenses reasonably incurred by them in carrying out the work or doing the other things.

(8) If an appeal is brought against the management notice, and upon the final determination of the appeal the notice is affirmed (with or without modifications), subsection (7) applies as if the references there to the management notice were to the notice as affirmed.]

Textual Amendments

F62 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F63 Words in s. 28J substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

[F64 28L Appeals against management notices. E+W

(1) A person who is served with a management notice may appeal against its requirements to the Secretary of State; and a management notice does not take effect until—

(a) the expiry of the period for appealing against it; or

(b) if an appeal is brought, its withdrawal or final determination.

(2) An appeal may be on the ground that some other owner or occupier of the land should take all or any of the measures specified in the management notice, or should pay all or part of their cost.

(3) Where the grounds of appeal are, or include, that mentioned in subsection (2), the appellant must serve a copy of his notice of appeal on each other person referred to.

(4) Before determining an appeal, the Secretary of State may, if he thinks fit—

(a) cause the appeal to take, or continue in, the form of a hearing (which may be held wholly or partly in private if the appellant so requests and the person hearing the appeal agrees), or

(b) cause a local inquiry to be held,

and he must act as mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b) if either party to the appeal (or, in a case falling within subsection (2), any of the other persons mentioned there) asks to be heard in connection with the appeal.

(5) On determining the appeal, the Secretary of State may quash or affirm the management notice; and if he affirms it, he may do so either in its original form or with such modifications as he thinks fit.

(6) In particular, on determining an appeal whose grounds are, or include, those mentioned in subsection (2), the Secretary of State may—

(a) vary the management notice so as to impose its requirements (or some of them) upon any such other person as is referred to in the grounds; or

(b) determine that a payment is to be made by any such other person to the appellant.

(7) In exercising his powers under subsection (6), the Secretary of State must take into account, as between the appellant and any of the other people referred to in subsection (2)—

(a) their relative interests in the land (considering both the nature of the interests and the rights and obligations arising under or by virtue of them);

(b) their relative responsibility for the state of the land which gives rise to the requirements of the management notice; and

(c) the relative degree of benefit to be derived from carrying out the requirements of the management notice.

(8) The Secretary of State may by regulations made by statutory instrument make provision about appeals under this section, and in particular about—

(a) the period within which and the manner in which appeals are to be brought, and

(b) the manner in which they are to be considered,

and any such regulations may make different provision for different cases or circumstances.

(9) A statutory instrument containing regulations under subsection (8) shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

(10) The Secretary of State may appoint any person to exercise on his behalf, with or without payment, his function of determining an appeal under this section or any matter involved in such an appeal.

(11) Schedule 10A shall have effect with respect to appointments under subsection (10).

(12) Subsections (2) to (5) of section 250 of the M6 Local Government Act 1972 (local inquiries: evidence and costs) apply in relation to hearings or local inquiries under this section as they apply in relation to local inquiries under that section, but as if the reference there—

(a) to the person appointed to hold the inquiry were a reference to the Secretary of State or to the person appointed to conduct the hearing or hold the inquiry under this section; and

(b) to the Minister causing an inquiry to be held were to the Secretary of State.

(13) Section 322A of the M7 Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (orders as to costs where no hearing or inquiry takes place) applies in relation to a hearing or local inquiry under this section as it applies in relation to a hearing or local inquiry referred to in that section.

[F65 (14) In relation to Wales this section has effect as if for subsections (12) and (13) there were substituted—

“(12) Section 322C of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (costs: Wales) applies in relation to a hearing or inquiry under this section in Wales as it applies in relation to a hearing or inquiry mentioned in that section.”]]

Textual Amendments

F64 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F65 S. 28L(14) inserted (6.9.2015 for specified purposes, 1.3.2016 in so far as not already in force) by Planning (Wales) Act 2015 (anaw 4), s. 58(2)(b)(4)(b), Sch. 5 para. 6; S.I. 2016/52, art. 4(a) (with art. 17)

Marginal Citations

M6 1972 c. 70.

M7 1990 c. 8.

[F66 28M Payments. E+W

(1) Where [F67 Natural England], under section 28E(6), modify or withdraw a consent, they shall make a payment to any owner or occupier of the land who suffers loss because of the modification or withdrawal.

(2) [F67 Natural England] may, if they think fit, make one or more payments to any owner or occupier of land in relation to which a management scheme under section 28J is in force.

(3) The amount of a payment under this section is to be determined by [F67 Natural England] in accordance with guidance given and published by the Ministers.

(4) Section 50(3) applies to the determination of the amount of payments under this section as it applies to the determination of the amount of payments under that section.]

Textual Amendments

F66 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F67 Words in s. 28M substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

[F68 28N Compulsory purchase. E+W

(1) [F69 Natural England] may in circumstances set out in subsection (2) acquire compulsorily all or any part of a site of special scientific interest.

(2) The circumstances are—

(a) that [F69 Natural England] are satisfied that they are unable to conclude, on reasonable terms, an agreement with the owner or occupier as to the management of the land; or

(b) that [F69 Natural England] have entered into such an agreement, but they are satisfied that it has been breached in such a way that the land is not being managed satisfactorily.

(3) A dispute about whether or not there has been a breach of the agreement for the purposes of subsection (2)(b) is to be determined by an arbitrator appointed by the Lord Chancellor.

(4) Where [F69 Natural England] have acquired land compulsorily under this section, they may—

(a) manage it themselves; or

(b) dispose of it, or of any interest in it, on terms designed to secure that the land is managed satisfactorily.

(5) Section 103 of the 1949 Act (general provisions as to acquisition of land) applies for the purposes of this section as it applies for the purposes of that Act.]

Textual Amendments

F68 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F69 Words in s. 28N substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

[F70 28P Offences. E+W

(1) A person who, without reasonable excuse, contravenes section 28E(1) is guilty of an offence and is liable [F71 on summary conviction, or on conviction on indictment, to a fine].

(2) A section 28G authority which, in the exercise of its functions, carries out an operation which damages any of the flora, fauna or geological or physiographical features by reason of which a site of special scientific interest is of special interest—

(a) without first complying with section 28H(1), or

(b) (if it has complied with section 28H(1)) without first complying with section 28H(4)(a),

is, unless there was a reasonable excuse for carrying out the operation without complying, guilty of an offence and is liable [F72 on summary conviction, or on conviction on indictment, to a fine].

(3) A section 28G authority acting in the exercise of its functions which, having complied with section 28H(1), fails without reasonable excuse to comply with section 28H(4)(b) is guilty of an offence and is liable [F73 on summary conviction, or on conviction on indictment, to a fine].

(4) For the purposes of subsections (1), (2) and (3), it is a reasonable excuse in any event for a person to carry out an operation (or to fail to comply with a requirement to send a notice about it) if—

(a) subject to subsection (5), the operation in question was authorised by a planning permission granted on an application under Part III of the M8 Town and Country Planning Act 1990 or permitted by a section 28G authority which has acted in accordance with section 28I; or

(b) the operation in question was an emergency operation particulars of which (including details of the emergency) were notified to [F74 Natural England] as soon as practicable after the commencement of the operation.

(5) If an operation needs both a planning permission and the permission of a section 28G authority, subsection (4)(a) does not provide reasonable excuse unless both have been obtained.

[F75 (5A) A section 28G authority which, in the exercise of its functions, permits the carrying out of an operation which damages any of the flora, fauna or geological or physiographical features by reason of which a site of special scientific interest is of special interest—

(a) without first complying with section 28I(2), or

(b) where relevant, without first complying with section 28I(4) or (6),

is, unless there was a reasonable excuse for permitting the carrying out of the operation without complying, guilty of an offence and is liable [F76 on summary conviction, or on conviction on indictment, to a fine].

(5B) For the purposes of subsection (5A), it is a reasonable excuse in any event for a section 28G authority to permit the carrying out of an operation without first complying with section 28I(2), (4) or (6) if the operation in question was an emergency operation particulars of which (including details of the emergency) were notified to Natural England as soon as practicable after the permission was given.]

(6) A person (other than a section 28G authority acting in the exercise of its functions) who without reasonable excuse—

(a) intentionally or recklessly destroys or damages any of the flora, fauna, or geological or physiographical features by reason of which land is of special interest, or intentionally or recklessly disturbs any of those fauna, and

(b) knew that what he destroyed, damaged or disturbed was within a site of special scientific interest,

is guilty of an offence and is liable [F77 on summary conviction, or on conviction on indictment, to a fine].

[F78 (6A) A person (other than a section 28G authority acting in the exercise of its functions) who without reasonable excuse—

(a) intentionally or recklessly destroys or damages any of the flora, fauna, or geological or physiographical features by reason of which a site of special scientific interest is of special interest, or

(b) intentionally or recklessly disturbs any of those fauna,

is guilty of an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.]

(7) It is a reasonable excuse in any event for a person to do what is mentioned in subsection (6) [F79 or (6A)] if—

(a) paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (4) is satisfied in relation to what was done (reading references there to an operation as references to the destruction, damage or disturbance referred to in subsection (6) [F80 or (6A)]), and

(b) where appropriate, subsection (5) is also satisfied, reading the reference there to an operation in the same way.

(8) A person who without reasonable excuse fails to comply with a requirement of a management notice is guilty of an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or on conviction on indictment to a fine.

(9) In determining the amount of any fine to be imposed on a person convicted of an offence under this section, the court shall in particular have regard to any financial benefit which has accrued or appears likely to accrue to him in consequence of the offence.

(10) Proceedings in England and Wales for an offence under this section shall not, without the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions, be taken by a person other than [F74 Natural England].

(11) In this section, “a section 28G authority” means an authority to which section 28G applies.]

Textual Amendments

F70 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F71 Words in s. 28P(1) substituted (12.3.2015) by The Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (Fines on Summary Conviction) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/664), reg. 1(1), Sch. 4 para. 10(2)(a) (with reg. 5(1))

F72 Words in s. 28P(2) substituted (12.3.2015) by The Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (Fines on Summary Conviction) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/664), reg. 1(1), Sch. 4 para. 10(2)(b) (with reg. 5(1))

F73 Words in s. 28P(3) substituted (12.3.2015) by The Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (Fines on Summary Conviction) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/664), reg. 1(1), Sch. 4 para. 10(2)(c) (with reg. 5(1))

F74 Words in s. 28P substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F75 S. 28P(5A)(5B) inserted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 55(2), 107; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F76 Words in s. 28P(5A) substituted (12.3.2015) by The Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (Fines on Summary Conviction) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/664), reg. 1(1), Sch. 4 para. 10(2)(d) (with reg. 5(1))

F77 Words in s. 28P(6) substituted (12.3.2015) by The Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (Fines on Summary Conviction) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/664), reg. 1(1), Sch. 4 para. 10(2)(e) (with reg. 5(1))

F78 S. 28P(6A) inserted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 55(3), 107; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F79 Words in s. 28P(7) inserted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 55(4), 107; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F80 Words in s. 28P(7) inserted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 55(4), 107; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

Marginal Citations

M8 1990 c. 8.

[F81 28Q Change of owner or occupier. E+W

(1) This section applies where the owner of land included in a site of special scientific interest—

(a) disposes of any interest of his in the land; or

(b) becomes aware that it is occupied by an additional or a different occupier.

(2) If this section applies, the owner shall send a notice to [F82 Natural England] before the end of the period of 28 days beginning with the date on which he disposed of the interest or became aware of the change in occupation.

(3) The notice is to specify the land concerned and—

(a) in a subsection (1)(a) case, the date on which the owner disposed of the interest in the land, and the name and address of the person to whom he disposed of the interest; or

(b) in a subsection (1)(b) case, the date on which the change of occupation took place (or, if the owner does not know the exact date, an indication of when to the best of the owner’s knowledge it took place), and, as far as the owner knows them, the name and address of the additional or different occupier.

(4) A person who fails without reasonable excuse to comply with the requirements of this section is guilty of an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 1 on the standard scale.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (1), an owner “disposes of” an interest in land if he disposes of it by way of sale, exchange or lease, or by way of the creation of any easement, right or privilege, or in any other way except by way of mortgage.]

Textual Amendments

F81 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F82 Words in s. 28Q substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

[F83 28R Byelaws. E+W

(1) [F84 Natural England] may make byelaws for the protection of a site of special scientific interest.

(2) The following provisions of the 1949 Act apply in relation to byelaws under this section as they apply in relation to byelaws under section 20 of that Act—

(a) subsections (2) and (3) of section 20 (reading references there to nature reserves as references to sites of special scientific interest); and

(b) sections 106 and 107.]

Textual Amendments

F83 Ss. 28-28R substituted for s. 28 (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 1 (with Sch. 11 paras. 1-17, 20)

F84 Words in s. 28R substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

[F85 28S Notices and signs relating to SSSIs E+W+S

(1) Natural England may, on any land included in a site of special scientific interest, put up and maintain notices or signs relating to the site.

(2) Natural England may remove any notice or sign put up under subsection (1).

(3) Any other person who intentionally or recklessly and without reasonable excuse takes down, damages, destroys or obscures a notice or sign put up under subsection (1) is guilty of an offence.

(4) A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.]

Textual Amendments

F85 S. 28S inserted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 58(1), 107; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

29 Special protection for certain areas of special scientific interest. E+W+S

F86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F86 S. 29 repealed (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 102, 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 2, Sch. 16 Pt. III and s. 29 repealed (S.) (29.11.2004) by Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004 (asp 6), ss. 57, 59, Sch. 7 para. 4 (with transitional provisions and savings in Sch. 5 Pt. II para. 11); S.S.I. 2004/495, art. 2

30 Compensation where order is made under s. 29. E+W+S

F87 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F87 S. 30 repealed (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 102, 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 2, Sch. 16 Pt. III and s. 30 repealed (S.) (29.11.2004) by Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004 (asp 6), ss. 57, 59, Sch. 7 para. 4; S.S.I. 2004/495, art. 2

31 [F88 Restoration following offence under section 28P.] E+W

[F89 (1) Where—

(a) the operation in respect of which a person is convicted of an offence under section 28P(1), (2) or (3) has destroyed or damaged any of the flora, fauna or geological or physiographical features by reason of which a site of special scientific interest is of special interest, or

(b) a person is convicted of an offence under section 28P(6) [F90 or (6A)],

the court by which he is convicted, in addition to dealing with him in any other way, may make an order requiring him to carry out, within such period as may be specified in the order, such operations (whether on land included in the site of special scientific interest or not) as may be so specified for the purpose of restoring the site of special scientific interest to its former condition.]

(2) An order under this section made on conviction on indictment shall be treated for the purposes of sections 30 and 42(1) and (2) of the M9 Criminal Appeal Act 1968 (effect of appeals on orders for the restitution of property) as an order for the restitution of property; and where by reason of the quashing by the Court of Appeal of a person’s conviction any such order does not take effect, and on appeal to [F91 the Supreme Court] the conviction is restored by [F91 the Supreme Court], [F91 the Supreme Court] may make any order under this section which could be made on his conviction by the court which convicted him.

(3) In the case of an order under this section made by a magistrates’ court the period specified in the order shall not begin to run—

(a) in any case until the expiration of the period for the time being prescribed by law for the giving of notice of appeal against a decision of a magistrates’ court;

(b) where notice of appeal is given within the period so prescribed, until determination of the appeal.

(4) At any time before an order under this section has been complied with or fully complied with, the court by which it was made may, on the application of the person against whom it was made, discharge or vary the order if it appears to the court that a change in circumstances has made compliance or full compliance with the order impracticable or unnecessary.

(5) If, within the period specified in an order under this section, the person against whom it was made fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with it, he shall be liable on summary conviction—

(a) to a fine not exceeding [F92 level 5 on the standard scale]; and

(b) in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding £100 for each day during which the offence continues after conviction.

(6) If, within the period specified in an order under this section, any operations specified in the order have not been carried out, [F93 Natural England] may enter the land and carry out those operations and recover from the person against whom the order was made any expenses reasonably incurred by them in doing so.

(7) In the application of this section to Scotland—

(a) subsections (2) and (3) shall not apply; and

(b) for the purposes of any appeal or review, an order under this section is a sentence.

Extent Information

E2 This version of this provision extends to England and Wales only; a separate version has been created for Scotland only

Textual Amendments

F88 S. 31 sidenote substituted (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 3(3)

F89 S. 31(1) substituted (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 3(2)

F90 Words in s. 31(1)(b) inserted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 55(5), 107; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F91 Words in s. 31(2) substituted (1.10.2009) by Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4), ss. 40, 148, Sch. 9 para. 37; S.I. 2009/1604, art. 2(a)(d)

F92 Words substituted (E.W.S.) by virtue of (E.W.) Criminal Justice Act 1982 (c. 48, SIF 39:1), s. 46 and (S.) Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1975 (c. 21, SIF 39:1), s. 289G

F93 Words in s. 31 substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

Marginal Citations

M9 1968 c. 19.

31 Restoration where order under s. 29 is contravened. S

F227 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Extent Information

E8 This version of this provision extends to Scotland only; a separate version has been created for England and Wales

Textual Amendments

F227 S. 31 repealed (S.) (29.11.2004) by Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004 (asp 6), ss. 57, 59, Sch. 7 para. 4; S.S.I. 2004/495, art. 2

32 Duties of agriculture Ministers with respect to areas of special scientific interest. E+W

(1) Where an application for [F94 a farm capital grant] is made as respects expenditure incurred or to be incurred for the purpose of activities on [F95 land included in a site of special scientific interest]. . ., the appropriate Minister—

(a) shall, so far as may be consistent with the purposes of [F96 the grant provisions], so exercise his functions thereunder as to further the conservation of the flora, fauna, or geological or physiographical features by reason of which the land is of special interest; and

(b) where [F97 Natural England] have objected to the making of the grant on the ground that the activities in question have destroyed or damaged or will destroy or damage that flora or fauna or those features, shall not make the grant except after considering the objection and, in the case of land in England, after consulting with the Secretary of State.

(2) Where, in consequence of an objection by [F97 Natural England] , an application for a grant as respects expenditure to be incurred is refused on the ground that the activities in question will have such an effect as is mentioned in subsection (1)(b), [F97 Natural England] shall, within three months of their receiving notice of the appropriate Minister’s decision, offer to enter into, in the terms of a draft submitted to the applicant, an agreement under section 16 of the 1949 Act or section 15 of the 1968 Act—

(a) imposing restrictions as respects those activities; and

(b) providing for the making by them of payments to the applicant.

[F98 (2A) Subsection (2) has effect in relation to Wales as if the reference to an agreement under section 16 of the 1949 Act or section 15 of the 1968 Act were a reference to an agreement under section 16 of the Environment (Wales) Act 2016.]

[F99 (3) In this section—

• “the appropriate Minister” means the Minister responsible for determining the application;

• “farm capital grant” means—

(a) a grant under a scheme made under section 29 of the Agriculture Act 1970; or

(b) a grant under regulations made under section 2(2) of the European Communities Act 1972 to a person carrying on an agricultural business within the meaning of those regulations in respect of expenditure incurred or to be incurred for the purposes of or in connection with that business, being expenditure of a capital nature or incurred in connection with expenditure of a capital nature;

• “grant provisions” means—

(i) in the case of such a grant as is mentioned in paragraph ( a ) above, the scheme under which the grant is made and section 29 of the Agriculture Act 1970; and

(ii) in the case of such a grant as is mentioned in paragraph ( b ) above, the regulations under which the grant is made and the [F100 EU] instrument in pursuance of which the regulations were made.]

Extent Information

E3 This version of this provision extends to England and Wales only; a separate version has been created for Scotland only

Textual Amendments

F94 Words substituted by Agriculture Act 1986 (c. 49, SIF 2:1), s. 20(2)(a)

F95 Words in s. 32(1) substituted (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 4

F96 Words substituted by Agriculture Act 1986 (c. 49, SIF 2:1), s. 20(2)(b)

F97 Words in s.32 substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 79; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F98 S. 32(2A) inserted (E.W.) (21.5.2016) by Environment (Wales) Act 2016 (anaw 3), s. 88(2)(a), Sch. 2 para. 3(4)

F99 S. 32(3) substituted by Agriculture Act 1986 (c. 49, SIF 2:1), s. 20(3)

F100 Words in Act substituted (22.4.2011) by The Treaty of Lisbon (Changes in Terminology) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/1043), arts. 2, 3, 6 (with arts. 3(2)(3), 4(2), 6(4)(5))

32 Duties of agriculture Ministers with respect to areas of special scientific interest. S

F228 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Extent Information

E9 This version of this provision extends to Scotland only; a separate version has been created for England and Wales

Textual Amendments

F228 S. 32 repealed (S.) (29.11.2004) by Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004 (asp 6), ss. 57, 59, Sch. 7 para. 4; S.S.I. 2004/495, art. 2

F101 33 Ministerial guidance as respects areas of special scientific interest. E+W+S

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F101 S. 33 repealed (S.) (29.11.2004) by Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004 (asp 6), ss. 57, 59, Sch. 7 para. 4; S.S.I. 2004/495, art. 2

34 Limestone pavement orders. E+W

[F102 (1) Natural England must notify any local planning authority of any limestone pavement in that authority's area.]

(2) Where it appears to the Secretary of State or the relevant authority that the character or appearance of any land notified under subsection (1) would be likely to be adversely affected by the removal of the limestone or by its disturbance in any way whatever, the Secretary of State or that authority may make an order (in this section referred to as a “limestone pavement order”) designating the land and prohibiting the removal or disturbance of limestone on or in it; and the provisions of Schedule 11 shall have effect as to the making, confirmation and coming into operation of limestone pavement orders.

(3) The relevant authority may, after consultation with [F103 Natural England], amend or revoke a limestone pavement order made by the authority; and the Secretary of State may, after such consultation as aforesaid, amend or revoke any such order made by him or that authority but, in the case of an order made by that authority, only after consultation with that authority.

(4) If any person without reasonable excuse removes or disturbs limestone on or in any land designated by a limestone pavement order he shall be liable [F104 on summary conviction, or on conviction on indictment, to a fine].

(5) It is a reasonable excuse in any event for a person to remove or disturb limestone or cause or permit its removal or disturbance, if the removal or disturbance was authorised by a planning permission granted on an application under [F105 Part III of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990]. . . .

(6) In this section—

• F106 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• “limestone pavement” means an area of limestone which lies wholly or partly exposed on the surface of the ground and has been fissured by natural erosion;

• [F107 “the relevant authority” means—

  (a)

  in relation to a non-metropolitan county [F108 in England], the county planning authority and, in relation to any other area in England, the local planning authority;

  (aa)

  [F109 in relation to any area in Wales, the local planning authority;]

  (b)

  F110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]

Extent Information

E4 This version of this provision extends to England and Wales only; a separate version has been created for Scotland only

Textual Amendments

F102 S. 34(1) substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 83(2); S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F103 Words in s. 34(3) substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107), {Sch. 11 para. 83(3)}; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F104 Words in s. 34(4) substituted for paras. (4)(a)(b) (E.W.) (12.3.2015) by The Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (Fines on Summary Conviction) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/664), reg. 1(1), Sch. 4 para. 10(3) (with reg. 5(1))

F105 Words in s. 34(5) substituted by Planning (Consequential Provisions) Act 1990 (c. 11, SIF 123:1, 2), s. 4, Sch. 2 para. 54(1)

F106 S. 34(6): definition of “the agency” repealed (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1)(2), 107, Sch. 11 para. 83(5)(a), Sch. 12; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F107 Definition in s. 34(6) substituted by Local Government Act 1985 (c. 51, SIF 81:1), ss. 1, 2, 7, Sch. 3 para. 7(2)

F108 Words in s. 34(1)(3)(6) inserted (1.4.1996) by 1994 c. 19, s. 66(6), Sch. 16 para. 65(3) (with ss. 54(5)(7), 55(5), Sch. 17 paras. 22(1), 23(2)); S.I. 1996/396, art. 4, Sch. 2

F109 Para. (aa) in the definition of “the relevant authority” in s. 34(6) inserted (1.4.1996) by 1994 c. 19, s. 66(6), Sch. 16 para. 65(3) (with ss. 54(5)(7), 55(5), Sch. 17 paras. 22(1), 23(2)); S.I. 1996/396, art. 4, Sch. 2

F110 S. 34(6): para. (b) definition of “the relevant authority” repealed (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1)(2), 107, Sch. 11 para. 83(5)(b), Sch. 12; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C9 S. 34(2): functions of local authority not to be responsibility of an executive of the authority (E.) (16.11.2000) by virtue of S.I. 2000/2853, reg. 2(1), Sch. 1

34 Limestone pavement orders. S

F229 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Extent Information

E10 This version of this provision extends to Scotland only; a separate version has been created for England and Wales only

Textual Amendments

F229 S. 34 repealed (S.) (29.11.2004) by Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004 (asp 6), ss. 57, 59, Sch. 7 para. 4; S.S.I. 2004/495, art. 2

F111 [F112 Nature reserves, ... and Ramsar sites E+W+S

Textual Amendments

F111 Words in cross-heading preceding s. 34A omitted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 so far as not relating to MCZs in W., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by virtue of Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 146(1), 324(2)(b)(i), Sch. 11 para. 2(3) (with s. 145); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b); and those same words repealed (S.) (1.7.2010) by Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 (asp 5), ss. 167, 168(1), Sch. 4 para. 5(a) (with s. 162); S.S.I. 2010/230, art. 2(h)

F112 S. 34A and preceding cross-heading inserted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 84; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

34A Meaning of “appropriate conservation body” E+W+S

In the following provisions of this Part “the appropriate conservation body” means—

(a) in relation to England, Natural England;

(b) in relation to Wales, [F113 the Natural Resources Body for Wales];

(c) in relation to Scotland, Scottish Natural Heritage.]

Textual Amendments

F113 Words in s. 34A(b) substituted (1.4.2013) by The Natural Resources Body for Wales (Functions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/755), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 173 (with Sch. 7)

X2 35 National nature reserves. E+W+S

(1) Where [F114 the appropriate conservation body] are satisfied that any land which—

(a) is being managed as a nature reserve under an agreement entered into with [F114 the appropriate conservation body];

(b) is held by [F114 the appropriate conservation body] and is being managed by them as a nature reserve; or

(c) is held by an approved body and is being managed by that body as a nature reserve,

is of national importance, they may declare that land to be a national nature reserve.

[F115 (1A) The land which may be declared to be a national nature reserve in England or Wales includes—

(a) any land lying above mean low water mark;

(b) any land covered by estuarial waters.

(1B) Where the area of land to which a declaration under subsection (1) relates includes land falling within subsection (1A)(a) or (b) (“area A”), it may also include land not falling within subsection (1A)(a) or (b) (“area B”) if—

(a) area B adjoins area A, and

(b) any of the conditions in subsection (1C) is satisfied.

(1C) The conditions are—

(a) that the flora, fauna or features leading to the management of area A as a nature reserve is or are also present in area B;

(b) that the management of area A as a nature reserve is by reason of any flora or fauna which are dependent (wholly or in part) on anything which takes place in, or is present in, area B;

(c) that, without the inclusion of area B, the identification of the boundary of the land declared to be a national nature reserve (either in the declaration or on the ground for the purposes of exercising functions in relation to it) would be impossible or impracticable.

(1D) The ministerial authority may issue guidance to the appropriate conservation body about the exercise of the power conferred by subsection (1B) to make a declaration in relation to land lying below mean low water mark.

“The ministerial authority” has the meaning given by section 35A(12).]

(2) A declaration by [F114 the appropriate conservation body] that any land is a national nature reserve shall be conclusive of the matters declared; and subsections (4) and (5) of section 19 of the 1949 Act shall apply in relation to any such declaration as they apply in relation to a declaration under that section.

(3) On the application of the approved body concerned, [F114 the appropriate conservation body], as respects any land which is declared to be a national nature reserve under subsection (1)(c), make byelaws for the protection of the reserve.

(4) Subsections (2) and (3) of section 20 and section 106 of the 1949 Act shall apply in relation to byelaws under this section as they apply in relation to byelaws under the said section 20.

(5) In this section—

• “approved body” means a body approved by [F114 the appropriate conservation body] for the purposes of this section;

• “nature reserve” has the same meaning as in Part III of the 1949 Act.

Editorial Information

X2 The insertion of the new cross-heading "Nature reserves, marine nature reserves and Ramsar sites" in Part II on 1.10.2006 gives rise to a change in the structure of this legislation on SLD which breaks the continuity of historical versions of the existing provisions which are now brought under that new heading.

Textual Amendments

F114 Words in s. 35 substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 85; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F115 S. 35(1A)-(1D) inserted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 10 (with Sch. 13 para. 10(2)); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

[F116 35A Power to call in subtidal declarations E+W+S

(1) This section applies where—

(a) the appropriate conservation body propose to declare land to be a national nature reserve under section 35(1), and

(b) the land to which the proposed declaration relates includes, by virtue of section 35(1B), land lying below mean low water mark (“the subtidal land”).

(2) The appropriate conservation body may not declare the reserve unless, at least 21 days before doing so, they have given notice of their intention to the ministerial authority.

(3) At any time before the reserve is declared the ministerial authority may give notice to the appropriate conservation body that the ministerial authority is considering whether to give a direction under subsection (5) regarding the subtidal land.

(4) If the ministerial authority gives notice under subsection (3), the appropriate conservation body may not declare the reserve until the ministerial authority has given a direction under subsection (5).

(5) The ministerial authority may direct—

(a) that the reserve (if declared) must include all of the subtidal land;

(b) that the reserve (if declared) must not include any of the subtidal land;

(c) that the reserve (if declared) must, or must not, include such part of that land as is specified in the direction;

(d) that the decision whether the reserve (if declared) should include the subtidal land is to be taken by the appropriate conservation body.

(6) The ministerial authority may, before deciding whether to give a direction under subsection (5), give to any person the opportunity of—

(a) appearing before and being heard by a person appointed by the ministerial authority for that purpose;

(b) providing written representations to such a person.

(7) A person appointed under subsection (6) must make a report to the ministerial authority of any oral or written representations made under that subsection.

(8) The ministerial authority may make regulations providing for the procedure to be followed (including decisions as to costs) at hearings held under subsection (6).

(9) The power to make regulations under subsection (8) is exercisable by statutory instrument.

(10) A statutory instrument containing regulations made under subsection (8) by the Secretary of State shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

(11) A statutory instrument containing regulations made under subsection (8) by the Welsh Ministers shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the National Assembly for Wales.

(12) In this section “the ministerial authority” means—

(a) in relation to England, the Secretary of State;

(b) in relation to Wales, the Welsh Ministers.]

Textual Amendments

F116 S. 35A inserted (E.W.) (12.11.2009 for certain purposes, 12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(1)(c)(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 11; S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F117 36 Marine nature reserves. E+W+S

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F117 S. 36 repealed (E.W.) (12.1.2010 so far as not relating to MCZs in W., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 146, 321, 324(2)(b)(i)(4), Sch. 11 para. 2(2)(a), Sch. 22 Pt. 3 (with s. 145, Sch. 12); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)(c); and s. 36 repealed (S.) (1.7.2010) by Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 (asp 5), ss. 167, 168(1), Sch. 4 para. 5(b) (with s. 162); S.S.I. 2010/230, art. 2(h)

[F118 37 Byelaws for protection of marine nature reserves. E+W+S

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .]

Textual Amendments

F118 S. 37 repealed (E.W.) (12.1.2010 so far as not relating to MCZs in W., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 146, 321, 324(2)(b)(i)(4), Sch. 11 para. 2(2)(a), Sch. 22 Pt. 3 (with s. 145, Sch. 12); S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)(c); and s. 37 repealed (S.) (1.7.2010) by Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 (asp 5), ss. 167, 168(1), Sch. 4 para. 5(b) (with s. 162); S.S.I. 2010/230, art. 2(h)

X3 [F119 37A Ramsar sites. E+W

(1) Where a wetland in Great Britain has been designated under paragraph 1 of article 2 of the Ramsar Convention for inclusion in the list of wetlands of international importance referred to in that article, the Secretary of State shall—

(a) notify [F120 Natural England] if all or part of the wetland is in England;

(b) notify [F121 the Natural Resources Body for Wales] if it is in Wales; or

(c) notify both of them if it is partly in England and partly in Wales.

(2) Subject to subsection (3), upon receipt of a notification under subsection (1), each body notified shall, in turn, notify—

(a) the local planning authority in whose area the wetland is situated;

(b) every owner and occupier of any of that wetland; [F122 and]

F123 (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(d) every relevant undertaker (within the meaning of section 4(1) of the M10 Water Industry Act 1991) and every internal drainage board (within the meaning of section 61C(1) of the M11 Land Drainage Act 1991) whose works, operations or activities may affect the wetland.

[F124 (2A) Subject to subsection (3), upon receipt of a notification under subsection (1), Natural England shall, in turn, notify the Environment Agency.]

[F125 (2B) Subject to subsection (3), upon receipt of a notification under subsection (1) relating to a wetland all or part of which is in [F126 the area of a corporate joint committee to which Part 6 of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 applies by virtue of regulations under Part 5 of the Local Government and Elections (Wales) Act 2021], the Natural Resources Body for Wales shall, in turn, notify [F127 that corporate joint committee].]

(3) [F120 Natural England] and [F128 the Natural Resources Body for Wales] may agree that in a case where the Secretary of State notifies both of them under subsection (1)(c), any notice under subsection (2) is to be sent by one or the other of them (and not both), so as to avoid duplicate notices under that subsection.

(4) Subject to subsection (5), the “Ramsar Convention” is the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat signed at Ramsar on 2nd February 1971, as amended by—

(a) the Protocol known as the Paris Protocol done at Paris on 3rd December 1982; and

(b) the amendments known as the Regina Amendments adopted at the Extraordinary Conference of the Contracting Parties held at Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, between 28th May and 3rd June 1987.

(5) If the Ramsar Convention is further amended after the passing of the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, the reference to the Ramsar Convention in subsection (1) is to be taken after the entry into force of the further amendments as referring to that Convention as further amended (and the reference to paragraph 1 of article 2 is, if necessary, to be taken as referring to the appropriate successor provision).]

Editorial Information

X3 The insertion of the new cross-heading "Nature reserves, marine nature reserves and Ramsar sites" in Part II on 1.10.2006 gives rise to a change in the structure of this legislation on SLD which breaks the continuity of historical versions of the existing provisions which are now brought under that new heading.

Textual Amendments

F119 S. 37A inserted (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 77, 103(2)

F120 Words in s. 37A(1)(a)(3) substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 36; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F121 Words in s. 37A(1)(b) substituted (1.4.2013) by The Natural Resources Body for Wales (Functions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/755), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 175(2) (with Sch. 7)

F122 Word in s. 37A(2)(b) inserted (1.4.2013) by The Natural Resources Body for Wales (Functions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/755), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 175(3)(a) (with Sch. 7)

F123 S. 37A(2)(c) omitted (1.4.2013) by virtue of The Natural Resources Body for Wales (Functions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/755), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 175(3)(b) (with Sch. 7)

F124 S. 37A(2A) inserted (1.4.2013) by The Natural Resources Body for Wales (Functions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/755), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 175(4) (with Sch. 7)

F125 S. 37A(2B) inserted (6.9.2015 for specified purposes, 7.1.2021 in so far as not already in force) by Planning (Wales) Act 2015 (anaw 4), s. 58(2)(b)(4)(b), Sch. 2 para. 7; S.I. 2021/7, reg. 2(c)

F126 Words in s. 37A(2B) substituted (21.1.2021) by Local Government and Elections (Wales) Act 2021 (asc 1), s. 175(1)(e), Sch. 9 para. 22(a)

F127 Words in s. 37A(2B) substituted (21.1.2021) by Local Government and Elections (Wales) Act 2021 (asc 1), s. 175(1)(e), Sch. 9 para. 22(b)

F128 Words in s. 37A(3) substituted (1.4.2013) by The Natural Resources Body for Wales (Functions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/755), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 175(5) (with Sch. 7)

Marginal Citations

M10 1991 c. 56.

M11 1991 c. 59.

F129 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E+W+S

Textual Amendments

F129 S. 38 repealed (1.4.1991) by Environmental Protection Act 1990 (c.43, SIF 46:4), s. 162(2), Sch. 16 Pt. VI; S.I. 1991/685, art. 3

Countryside E+W+S

39 Management agreements with owners and occupiers of land. E+W

(1) A relevant authority may, for the purpose of conserving or enhancing the natural beauty or amenity of any land which is F130 . . . within their area or promoting its enjoyment by the public, make an agreement (in this section referred to as a “management agreement”) with any person having an interest in the land with respect to the management of the land during a specified term or without limitation of the duration of the agreement.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), a management agreement—

(a) may impose on the person having an interest in the land restrictions as respects the method of cultivating the land, its use for agricultural purposes or the exercise of rights over the land and may impose obligations on that person to carry out works or agricultural or forestry operations or do other things on the land;

(b) may confer on the relevant authority power to carry out works for the purpose of performing their functions under the 1949 Act and the 1968 Act; and

(c) may contain such incidental and consequential provisions (including provisions for the making of payments by either party to the other) as appear to the relevant authority to be necessary or expedient for the purposes of the agreement.

(3) The provisions of a management agreement with any person interested in the land shall, unless the agreement otherwise provides, be binding on persons deriving title under or from that person and be enforceable by the relevant authority against those persons accordingly.

(4) Schedule 2 to the M12 Forestry Act 1967 (power for tenant for life and others to enter into forestry dedication covenants) shall apply to management agreements as it applies to forestry dedication covenants.

(5) In this section “the relevant authority” means—

F131 (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F132 (aa) as respects land within the Broads, the Broads Authority;]

F133 (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) as respects any other land, the local planning authority.

[F134 (d) F135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F136 (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(f) as respects land in any area of outstanding natural beauty designated under section 82 of the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 for which a conservation board has been established under section 86 of that Act, that board.]

(6) The powers conferred by this section on a relevant authority shall be in addition to and not in derogation of any powers conferred on such an authority by or under any enactment.

Textual Amendments

F130 Words in s. 39(1) repealed (1.4.2001 for E. and 1.5.2001 for W.) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 96(a), 102, 103(2), Sch. 16 Pt. VI; S.I. 2001/114, art. 2(2)(m); S.I. 2001/1410, art. 2(q)

F131 S. 39(5)(a) repealed (1.4.1997) by 1995 c. 25, s. 120(3), Sch. 24 (with ss. 7(6), 115); S.I. 1996/2560, art. 2, Sch.

F132 S. 39(5)(aa) inserted by Norfolk and Suffolk Broads Act 1988 (c. 4, SIF 81:1), ss. 2(5), 23(2), 27(2), Sch. 3 para. 31(2)

F133 S. 39(5)(b) repealed by Local Government Act 1985 (c. 51, SIF 81:1), ss. 1, 102, Sch. 17

F134 S. 39(5)(d)-(f) inserted (1.4.2001 for E. and 1.5.2001for W.) by 2000 c. 37, s. 96(b); S.I. 2001/114, art. 2(2)(f); S.I. 2001/1410, art. 2(h)

F135 S. 39(5)(d) repealed (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 87, Sch. 12; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F136 S. 39(5)(e) omitted (21.5.2016) by virtue of Environment (Wales) Act 2016 (anaw 3), s. 88(2)(a), Sch. 2 para. 3(5)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C10 S. 39 modified (19.9.1995) by 1995 c. 25, ss. 69(2)(a), 125(2) (with ss. 7(6), 115, Sch. 8 para. 7)

S. 39 modified (20.9.2006) by The Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (Commencement No. 3 and Transitional Provisions) Order 2006 (S.I. 2006/2541), art. 3(1), Sch. para. 5

Marginal Citations

M12 1967 c. 10.

F137 40 Experimental schemes. E+W

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F137 S. 40 omitted (21.5.2016) by virtue of Environment (Wales) Act 2016 (anaw 3), s. 88(2)(a), Sch. 2 para. 3(6)

41 Duties of agriculture Ministers with respect to the countryside. E+W+S

F138 [F139 (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(2) In the exercise of his general duty under section 4(2) of the M13 Small Landholders (Scotland) Act 1911 of promoting the interests of agriculture and other rural industries, and without prejudice to the generality of that duty, the Secretary of State shall make provision, through such organisation as he considers appropriate, for the giving of

[F140 (a) advice to persons carrying on agricultural businesses on the conservation and enhancement of the natural beauty and amenity of the countryside;

(b) advice to such persons on diversification into other enterprises of benefit to the rural economy; and

(c) advice to government departments and other bodies exercising statutory functions on the promotion and furtherance of such diversification as is mentioned in paragraph (b).]

(3) Where an application for [F141 a farm capital grant] is made as respects expenditure incurred or to be incurred for the purposes of activities on land which is in a National Park [F142 (including a National Park in Scotland)]or an area specified for the purposes of this subsection by the Ministers, the appropriate Minister—

(a) shall, so far as may be consistent with the purposes of the [F143 the grant provisions], so exercise his functions thereunder as to further the conservation and enhancement of the natural beauty and amenity of the countryside and to promote its enjoyment by the public; and

(b) where the relevant authority have objected to the making of the grant on the ground that the activities in question have had or will have an adverse effect on the natural beauty or amenity of the countryside or its enjoyment by the public, shall not make the grant except after considering the objection and, in the case of land in England, after consulting with the Secretary of State;

F144 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(4) Where, in consequence of an objection by the relevant authority, an application for a grant as respects expenditure to be incurred is refused on the ground that the activities in question will have such an effect as is mentioned in subsection (3)(b), the relevant authority shall, within three months of their receiving notice of the appropriate Minister’s decision, offer to enter into, in the terms of a draft submitted to the applicant, a management agreement—

(a) imposing restrictions as respects those activities; and

(b) providing for the making by them of payments to the applicant.

(5) In this section—

• [F145 “agricultural business” has the same meaning as in section 29 of the Agriculture Act 1970;]

• [F145 “the appropriate Minister”, “farm capital grant” and “grant provisions” have the same meanings as in section 32;]

• [F146 “management agreement” means—

  (a)

  in relation to England, an agreement under section 39 or under section 7 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006, and

  (b)

  in relation to Wales, an agreement under section 39 [F147 or under section 16 of the Environment (Wales) Act 2016];

• “the relevant authority” has the same meaning as in section 39 except that in relation to England it also includes Natural England [F148 and in relation to Wales it also includes the Natural Resources Body for Wales].]

[F149 (5A) For the purposes of this section the Broads shall be treated as a National Park [F150 (and, as respects land within the Broads, any reference in this section to the relevant authority is accordingly a reference to the Broads Authority).].]

(6) F151 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .]

Textual Amendments

F138 S. 41(1) repealed by Agriculture Act 1986 (c. 49, SIF 2:1), s. 24(5), Sch. 4

F139 S. 41 repealed (S.) (29.11.2004) by Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004 (asp 6), ss. 57, 59, Sch. 7 para. 4; S.S.I. 2004/495, art. 2

F140 S. 41(2)(a)–(c) substituted for words by Agriculture Act 1986 (c. 49, SIF 2:1), s. 24(4), Sch. 3 para. 4

F141 Words substituted by Agriculture Act 1986 (c. 49, SIF 2:1), s. 20(4)(a)

F142 Words in s. 41(3) inserted (S.) (8.9.2000) by 2000 asp 10, s. 36, Sch. 5 para. 8(2) (with s. 32); S.S.I. 2000/312, art. 2

F143 Words substituted by Agriculture Act 1986 (c. 49, SIF 2:1), s. 20(4)(b)

F144 Words in s. 41(3) repealed (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 88(2), Sch. 12; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F145 Definition substituted by Agriculture Act 1986 (c. 49, SIF 2:1), s. 20(5)

F146 S. 41(5): definitions of “management agreement” and “the relevant authority” substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 88(3); S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F147 Words in s. 41(5) inserted (E.W.) (21.5.2016) by Environment (Wales) Act 2016 (anaw 3), s. 88(2)(a), Sch. 2 para. 3(7)(a)

F148 Words in s. 41(5) inserted (E.W.) (21.5.2016) by Environment (Wales) Act 2016 (anaw 3), s. 88(2)(a), Sch. 2 para. 3(7)(b)

F149 S. 41(5A) inserted (E.W.) by Norfolk and Suffolk Broads Act 1988 (c. 4, SIF 81:1), ss. 2(5), 23(2), 27(2), Sch. 3 Pt. I para. 31(3)

F150 Words in s. 41(5A) inserted (1.4.1997) by 1995 c. 25, s. 78, Sch. 10 para. 22(2) (with ss. 7(6), 115, Sch. 8 para. 7); S.I. 1996/2560, art. 2

F151 S. 41(6) repealed (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 88(4), Sch. 12; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C11 S. 41 modified (E.W.) (19.9.1995) by 1995 c. 25, ss. 69(2)(a), 125(2) (with ss. 7(6), 115, Sch. 8 para. 7

Marginal Citations

M13 1911 c. 49.

National Parks E+W

[F152 41A Application of sections 42 to 45 in Wales E+W

In relation to land in Wales, sections 42 to 45 (which relate to National Parks) have effect as if references to Natural England were references to [F153 the Natural Resources Body for Wales].]

Textual Amendments

F152 S. 41A inserted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 89; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F153 Words in s. 41A substituted (1.4.2013) by The Natural Resources Body for Wales (Functions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/755), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 176 (with Sch. 7)

42 Notification of agricultural operations on moor and heath in National Parks. E+W

(1) [F154 A National Park authority] may, if satisfied that it is expedient to do so, by order apply subsection (2) to any land which is comprised in [F155 the relevant Park] and which appears to them to consist of or include moor or heath.

(2) Subject to subsection (3), no person shall—

(a) by ploughing or otherwise convert into agricultural land any land to which this subsection applies and which is moor or heath which has not been agricultural land at any time within the preceding 20 years; or

(b) carry out on any such land any other agricultural operation or any forestry operation which (in either case) appears to [F156 the National Park authority] to be likely to affect its character or appearance and is specified in the order applying this subsection to that land.

(3) Subsection (2) shall not apply in relation to any operation carried out, or caused or permitted to be carried out, by the owner or occupier of the land if—

(a) one of them has, after the coming into force of the order, given the [F157 National Park authority] written notice of a proposal to carry out the operation, specifying its nature and the land on which it is proposed to carry it out; and

(b) one of the conditions specified in subsection (4) is satisfied.

(4) The said conditions are—

(a) that the [F157 National Park authority] have given their consent to the carrying out of the operation;

(b) where that authority have neither given nor refused their consent, that three months have expired from the giving of the notice; and

(c) where that authority have refused their consent, that twelve months have expired from the giving of the notice.

(5) A person who, without reasonable excuse, contravenes subsection (2) shall be liable—

(a) on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;

(b) on conviction on indictment, to a fine.

(6) Where the [F157 National Park authority] are given notice under this section in respect of any land, the authority shall forthwith send copies of the notice to [F158 Natural England] .

(7) In considering for the purposes of this section whether land has been agricultural land within the preceding 20 years, no account shall be taken of any conversion of the land into agricultural land which was unlawful under the provisions of this section or section 14 of the 1968 Act.

[F159 (8) An order under this section shall be made by statutory instrument and the Statutory Instruments Act 1946 shall apply to such an instrument as if the order had been made by a Minister of the Crown.]

(9) The said section 14 (which is superseded by this section) shall cease to have effect; but this section shall have effect as if any order under that section in force immediately before the coming into force of this section had been made under this section.

Textual Amendments

F154 Words in s. 42(1) substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 63(2)(a), 107; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F155 Words in s. 42(1) substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 63(2)(b), 107; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F156 Words in s. 42(2)(b) substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 63(3), 107; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F157 Words in s. 42 substituted (1.4.1996) by 1995 c. 25, s. 78, Sch. 10 para. 22(3) (with ss. 7(6), 115, Sch. 8 para. 7); S.I. 1995/2950, art. 3(1)(2)

F158 Words in s. 42(6) substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 63(4), 107; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F159 S. 42(8) substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 63(5), 107; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C12 S. 42(2) applied by The Peak District National Park Authority Order 2002 (S.I. 2002/80), art. 2

C13 S. 42(2) applied by S.I. 1991/1616, art. 2

43 Maps of National Parks showing certain areas of moor or heath. E+W

(1) Every [F160 local planning authority] whose area comprises the whole or any part of a National Park shall—

(a) before the expiration of the period of two years beginning with [F161 the relevant date], prepare a map of the Park or the part thereof showing any areas [F162 to which this section applies whose natural beauty] it is, in the opinion of the authority, particularly important to conserve; and

(b) [F163 at intervals of not more than five years] review the particulars contained in the map and make such revisions thereof (if any) as may be requisite.

[F164 (1A) In considering under subsection (1) whether any area to which this section applies is one whose natural beauty it is particularly important to conserve, a [F165 local planning authority] shall act in accordance with the guidelines from time to time issued F166 . . . under subsection (1B).

(1B) [F167 Natural England shall] issue guidelines for the guidance of county planning authorities in considering as mentioned in subsection (1A), and [F168 Natural England may] from time to time revise any guidelines so issued.

(1C) Before issuing or revising any guidelines under subsection (1B) [F169 Natural England] shall consult such bodies as appear to them to represent interests concerned; and before preparing or revising any map under subsection (1) a [F165 local planning authority] shall consult such bodies as appear to the authority to represent interests concerned with matters affecting the Park or part of the Park in question.]

(2) The authority shall cause a map prepared or revised in pursuance of subsection (1) to be printed, and shall cause copies thereof to be put on sale to the public at such price as the authority may determine.

[F170 (3) This section applies to any area of mountain, moor, heath, woodland, down, cliff or foreshore (including any bank, barrier, dune, beach, flat or other land adjacent to the foreshore); and in this section “the relevant date” means the date of issue of the first guidelines under subsection (1B).]

Textual Amendments

F160 Words substituted by Local Government Act 1985 (c. 51, SIF 81:1), ss. 1, 2, 7, Sch. 3 para. 7(4)

F161 Words substituted by Wildlife and Countryside (Amendment) Act 1985 (c. 31, SIF 4:5), s. 3(2)(a)

F162 Words substituted by Wildlife and Countryside (Amendment) Act 1985 (c. 31, SIF 4:5), s. 3(2)(b)

F163 Words substituted by Wildlife and Countryside (Amendment) Act 1985 (c. 31, SIF 4:5), s. 3(3)

F164 S. 43(1A)–(1C) inserted by Wildlife and Countryside (Amendment) Act 1985 (c. 31, SIF 4:5), s. 3(4)

F165 Words substituted by Local Government Act 1985 (c. 51, SIF 81:1), ss. 1, 2, 7, Sch. 3 para. 7(4)

F166 Words in s. 43(1A) repealed (1.4.1991) by Environmental Protection Act 1990 (c. 43, SIF 46:4), s. 162(2), Sch. 16 Pt. VI; S.I. 1991/685, art. 3

F167 Words in s. 43(1B) substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 90(2)(a); S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F168 Words in s. 43(1B) substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 90(2)(b); S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F169 Words in s. 43(1C) substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 90(3); S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F170 S. 43(3) added by Wildlife and Countryside (Amendment) Act 1985 (c. 31, SIF 4:5), s. 3(5)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C14 S. 43 modified (19.9.1995) by 1995 c. 25, ss. 69(3), 125(2) (with ss. 7(6), 115, Sch. 8 para. 7)

44 Grants and loans for purposes of National Parks. E+W

F171 (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F172 (1A) F173 . . .the National Park authority for such a Park may give financial assistance by way of grant or loan, or partly in one way and partly in the other, to any person in respect of expenditure incurred by him in doing anything which, in the opinion of the authority, is conducive to the attainment in the Park in question of any of the purposes mentioned in section 5(1) of the 1949 Act (purposes of conserving and enhancing the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of National Parks and of promoting opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the special qualities of those Parks by the public).]

(2) On making a grant or loan under this section [F174 the authority in question] may impose such conditions as they think fit, including (in the case of a grant) conditions for repayment in specified circumstances.

(3) [F174 The authority in question] shall so exercise their powers under subsection (2) as to ensure that any person receiving a grant or loan under this section in respect of premises to which the public are to be admitted, whether on payment or otherwise, shall, in the means of access both to and within the premises, and in the parking facilities and sanitary conveniences to be available (if any), make provision, insofar as it is in the circumstances both practicable and reasonable, for the needs of members of the public visiting the premises who are disabled.

[F175 (4) For the purposes of this section the Broads Authority shall be treated as a [F176 National Park authority and the Broads as a National Park for which it is the local planning authority.]]

Textual Amendments

F171 S. 44(1) repealed (1.4.1997) by 1995 c. 25, s. 120(3), Sch. 24 (with ss. 7(6), 115); S.I. 1996/2560, art. 2, Sch.

F172 S. 44(1A) inserted (19.9.1995) by 1995 c. 25, ss. 69(4), 125(2) (with ss. 7(6), 115, Sch. 8 para. 7)

F173 Words in s. 44(1A) repealed (1.4.1997) by 1995 c. 25, s. 120(3), Sch. 24 (with ss. 7(6), 115); S.I. 1996/2560, art. 2, Sch.

F174 Words in s. 44(2)(3) substituted (1.4.1996) by 1995 c. 25, s. 78, Sch. 10 para. 22(4)(a)(b) (with ss. 7(6), 115, Sch. 8 para. 7); S.I. 1995/2950, art. 3(1)

F175 S. 44(4) added by Norfolk and Suffolk Broads Act 1988 (c. 4, SIF 81:1), ss. 2(5), 23(2), 27(2), Sch. 3 Pt. I para. 31(4)

F176 Words in s. 44(4) substituted (1.4.1997) by 1995 c. 25, s. 78, Sch. 10 para. 22(4)(c) (with ss. 7(6), 115, Sch. 8 para. 7); S.I. 1996/2560, art. 3

45 Power to vary order designating National Park. E+W

[F177 (1) [F178 Natural England](as well as the Secretary of State) shall have power to make an order amending an order made under section 5 of the 1949 Act designating a National Park F179 . . . , and—

(a) section 7(5) and (6) of that Act (consultation and publicity in connection with orders under section 5 or 7) shall apply to an order under this section as they apply to an order under section 7(4) of that Act with the substitution for the reference in section 7(5) to the Secretary of State of a reference to [F178 Natural England] ; and

(b) Schedule 1 to that Act (procedure in connection with the making and confirmation of orders under section 5 or 7) shall apply to an order under this section as it applies to an order designating a National Park.]

(2) F180 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F177 S. 45(1) renumbered from s. 45 ( 1.4.1991) by Environmental Protection Act 1990 (c. 43, SIF 46:4), s. 130, Sch. 8 para. 6(4); S.I. 1991/685, art.3.

F178 Words in s. 45(1) substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 91(2)(a); S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F179 Words in s. 45(1) repealed (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1)(2), 107, Sch. 11 para. 91(2)(b), Sch. 12; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F180 S. 45(2) repealed (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1)(2), 107, Sch. 11 para. 91(3), Sch. 12; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F181 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E+W

Textual Amendments

F181 S. 46 repealed (1.4.1997) by 1995 c. 25, s. 120(3), Sch. 24 (with ss. 7(6), 115); S.I. 1996/2560, art. 2, Sch.

Miscellaneous and supplemental E+W+S

F183 47 [F182 Grants to the Countryside Council for Wales] E+W

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F182 S. 47 heading substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 92(4); S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F183 S. 47 omitted (1.4.2013) by virtue of The Natural Resources Body for Wales (Functions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/755), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 177 (with Sch. 7)

48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F184 E+W

Textual Amendments

F184 S. 48 repealed by Water Act 1989 (c. 15, SIF 130), ss. 58(7), 101(1), 141(6), 160(1)(2)(4), 163, 189(4)–(10), 190, 193(1), Sch. 26 paras. 3(1)(2), 17, 40(4), 41(1), 57(6), 58, Sch. 27 Pt. I

49 Extension of power to appoint wardens. E+W

(1) This section applies to any land in a National Park or in the countryside if—

(a) the public are allowed access to the land; and

(b) there is no power under any of the provisions of the 1949 Act and the 1968 Act for a local authority, a local planning authority, [F185 the Natural Resources Body for Wales] or [F186 Natural England] to appoint wardens as respects that land.

(2) Subject to subsections (3) and (4) the power conferred on a local authority by section 92(1) of the 1949 Act (appointment of wardens) shall include a power, exercisable only with the agreement of the owner and of the occupier of any land to which this section applies, to appoint persons to act as wardens as respects that land.

(3) The only purpose for which wardens may be appointed by virtue of subsection (2) is to advise and assist the public.

(4) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 41(8) of the 1968 Act ([F186 Natural England] [F187 or [F185 the Natural Resources Body for Wales]] to be local authority for purposes of section 92 of the 1949 Act), nothing in this section shall be construed as conferring on [F186 Natural England] [F187 or [F185 the Natural Resources Body for Wales]] any additional power to appoint wardens.

Textual Amendments

F185 Words in s. 49 substituted (1.4.2013) by The Natural Resources Body for Wales (Functions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/755), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 178 (with Sch. 7)

F186 Words in s. 49(1)(4) substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 93; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F187 Words inserted ( 1.4.1991) by Environmental Protection Act 1990 (c. 43, SIF 46:4), s. 130, Sch. 8 para. 6(6); S.I. 1991/685, art.3.

50 Payments under certain agreements offered by authorities. E+W

(1) This section applies where—

(a) [F188 Natural England or [F189 the Natural Resources Body for Wales] offer to enter into a nature reserve agreement or an SSSI agreement] F190 ... providing for the making by them of payments [F191 to any person; or]

(b) the relevant authority offer to enter into a management agreement providing for the making by them of payments to a person whose application for a farm capital grant has been refused in consequence of an objection by the authority.

(2) Subject to subsection (3), the said payments shall be of such amounts as may be determined by the offeror in accordance with guidance given by the Ministers.

(3) If the offeree so requires within one month of receiving the offer, the determination of those amounts shall be referred to an arbitrator F192 . . . to be appointed, in default of agreement, by the Secretary of State; and where the amounts determined by the arbitrator exceed those determined by the offeror, the offeror shall—

(a) amend the offer so as to give effect to the arbitrator’s F192 . . . determination; or

(b) except in the case of an offer made to a person whose application for a farm capital grant has been refused in consequence of an objection by the offeror, withdraw the offer.

(4) In this section—

• [F193 “farm capital grant” has the same meaning as in section 32;]

• “management agreement” and “the relevant authority” have the same meanings as in section 41.

• [F194 “nature reserve agreement” has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the 1949 Act;

• “SSSI agreement” has the same meaning as in section 15A of the 1968 Act.]

Extent Information

E5 This version of this provision extends to England and Wales only; a separate version has been created for Scotland only

Textual Amendments

F188 Words in s. 50(1)(a) substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 94(2); S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F189 Words in s. 50(1)(a) substituted (1.4.2013) by The Natural Resources Body for Wales (Functions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/755), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 179 (with Sch. 7)

F190 Words in s. 50(1)(a) omitted (E.W.) (21.5.2016) by virtue of Environment (Wales) Act 2016 (anaw 3), s. 88(2)(a), Sch. 2 para. 3(8)

F191 Words in s. 50(1)(a) substituted for words and s. 50(1)(a)(i)(ii) (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 79, 103(2)

F192 Words in s. 50(3) repealed (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1)(2), 107, Sch. 11 para. 94(3), Sch. 12; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F193 Definition substituted by Agriculture Act 1986 (c. 49, SIF 2:1), s. 20(6)

F194 S. 50(4): definitions inserted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 94(4); S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C15 S. 50 modified (E.W.) (19.9.1995) by 1995 c. 25, ss. 69(2)(a), 125(2) (with ss. 7(6), 115, Sch. 8 para. 7)

50 Payments under certain agreements offered by authorities. S

F230 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Extent Information

E11 This version of this provision extends to Scotland only; a separate version has been created for England and Wales only

Textual Amendments

F230 S. 50 repealed (S.) (29.11.2004) by Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004 (asp 6), ss. 57, 59, Sch. 7 para. 4; S.S.I. 2004/495, art. 2

51 Powers of entry. E+W

(1) Any person authorised in writing by the relevant authority may, at any reasonable time and (if required to do so) upon producing evidence that he is authorised, enter any land for any of the following purposes—

[F195 (a) to determine whether the land should be notified under section 28(1);

(b) to assess the condition of the flora, fauna, or geological or physiographical features by reason of which land which has been notified under section 28(1) is of special interest;

(c) to determine whether or not to offer to enter into [F196 a nature reserve agreement or an SSSI agreement] F197 ... in relation to the land;

(d) to ascertain whether a condition to which a consent referred to in section 28E(3)(a) was subject has been complied with in relation to the land;

(e) to ascertain whether an offence under section 28P or under byelaws made by virtue of section 28R is being, or has been, committed on or in relation to the land;

(f) to formulate a management scheme for the land or determine whether a management scheme (or a proposed management scheme) for the land should be modified;

(g) to prepare a management notice for the land;

(h) to ascertain whether the terms of [F196 a nature reserve agreement or an SSSI agreement] F198 ... in relation to the land, or the terms of a management scheme or the requirements of a management notice in relation to the land, have been complied with;

(i) to determine whether or not to offer to make a payment under section 28M in relation to the land;

(j) to determine any question in relation to the acquisition of the land by agreement or compulsorily;

(k) to determine any question in relation to compensation under section 20(3) of the 1949 Act as applied by section 28R of this Act;

[F199 (ka) for the purposes of putting up, maintaining or removing notices or signs under section 28S;]

(l) to ascertain whether an order should be made in relation to the land under section 34 or if an offence under that section is being, or has been, committed on the land;

(m) to ascertain whether an order should be made in relation to the land under section 42 or if an offence under that section is being, or has been, committed on the land;]

but nothing in this subsection shall authorise any person to enter a dwelling.

[F200 (1A) The power conferred by subsection (1) to enter land for any purpose includes power to enter for the same purpose any land other than that referred to in subsection (1).

(1B) More than one person may be authorised for the time being under subsection (1) to enter any land.]

(2) In subsection (1) “the relevant authority” means—

(a) for the purposes of [F201 paragraphs (a) to (ka)] of that subsection, [F202 Natural England or [F203 the Natural Resources Body for Wales]];

(b) for the purposes of [F204 paragraph (l)] of that subsection, the Secretary of State or the relevant authority within the meaning of section 34;

(c) for the purposes of [F204 paragraph (m)] of that subsection, F205 . . . the [F206 National Park authority].

[F207 (2A) In subsection (1)—

• “nature reserve agreement” has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the 1949 Act;

• “SSSI agreement” has the same meaning as in section 15A of the 1968 Act.]

(3) A person shall not demand admission as of right to any land which is occupied unless either—

(a) 24 hours notice of the intended entry has been given to the occupier; or

[F208 (b) the purpose of the entry is to ascertain if an offence under section 28P, 34 or 42 is being, or has been, committed on or (as the case may be) in relation to that land.]

[F209 (3A) A person acting in the exercise of a power conferred by subsection (1) may—

(a) use a vehicle or a boat to enter the land;

(b) take a constable with him if he reasonably believes he is likely to be obstructed;

(c) take with him equipment and materials needed for the purpose for which he is exercising the power of entry;

(d) take samples of the land and of anything on it.

(3B) If in the exercise of a power conferred by subsection (1) a person enters land which is unoccupied or from which the occupier is temporarily absent, he must on his departure leave it as effectively secured against unauthorised entry as he found it.]

(4) Any person who intentionally obstructs a person acting in the exercise of any power conferred by subsection (1) shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding [F210 level 3 on the standard scale].

[F211 (5) It is the duty of a relevant authority to compensate any person who has sustained damage as a result of—

(a) the exercise of a power conferred by subsection (1) by a person authorised to do so by that relevant authority, or

(b) the failure of a person so authorised to perform the duty imposed on him by subsection (3B),

except where the damage is attributable to the fault of the person who sustained it; and any dispute as to a person’s entitlement to compensation under this subsection or as to its amount shall be referred to an arbitrator to be appointed, in default of agreement, by the Secretary of State.]

Extent Information

E6 This version of this provision extends to England and Wales only; a separate version has been created for Scotland only

Textual Amendments

F195 S. 51(1)(a)-(m) substituted for s. 51(1)(a)-(d) (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 80(2), 103(2)

F196 Words in s. 51(1)(c)(h) inserted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 95(2); S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F197 Words in s. 51(1)(c) omitted (E.W.) (21.5.2016) by virtue of Environment (Wales) Act 2016 (anaw 3), s. 88(2)(a), Sch. 2 para. 3(9)(a)

F198 Words in s. 51(1)(h) omitted (E.W.) (21.5.2016) by virtue of Environment (Wales) Act 2016 (anaw 3), s. 88(2)(a), Sch. 2 para. 3(9)(b)

F199 S. 51(1)(ka) inserted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 58(2), 107; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F200 S. 51(1A)(1B) inserted (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 80(3), 103(2)

F201 Words in s. 51(2) substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 58(3), 107; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F202 Words in s. 51(2)(a) substituted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 95(3); S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F203 Words in s. 51(2)(a) substituted (1.4.2013) by The Natural Resources Body for Wales (Functions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/755), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 179 (with Sch. 7)

F204 Words in s. 51(2)(a)(b)(c) substituted (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 80(4)(a)(b)(c)

F205 Words in s. 51(2)(c) repealed (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 63(6), 105(2), 107, Sch. 12; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F206 Words in s. 51(2)(c) substituted (1.4.1996) by virtue of 1995 c. 25, s. 78, Sch. 10 para. 22(5) (with ss. 7(6), 115, Sch. 8 para. 7); S.I. 1995/2950, art. 3(1)(2)

F207 S. 51(2A) inserted (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1), 107, Sch. 11 para. 95(4); S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F208 S. 51(3)(b) substituted (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 80(5), 103(2)

F209 S. 51(3A)(3B) inserted (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 80(6), 103(2)

F210 Words substituted (E.W.S.) by virtue of (E.W.) Criminal Justice Act 1982 (c. 48, SIF 39:1), s. 46 and (S.) Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1975 (c. 21, SIF 39:1), s. 289G

F211 S. 51(5) inserted (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 80(7), 103(2)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C16 S. 51 amended (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 76(1), 103(2), Sch. 11 para. 21

51 Powers of entry. S

F231 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Extent Information

E12 This version of this provision extends to Scotland only; a separate version has been created for England and Wales only

Textual Amendments

F231 S. 51 repealed (S.) (29.11.2004) by Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004 (asp 6), ss. 57, 59, Sch. 7 para. 4 (with transitional provisions and savings in Sch. 5 Pt. 2); S.S.I. 2004/495, art. 2

[F212 51A Summary prosecutions E+W

(1) Proceedings in England and Wales for a summary offence under this Part may be brought within the period of 6 months beginning with the date on which evidence sufficient in the opinion of the prosecutor to warrant the proceedings came to his knowledge.

(2) But subsection (1) does not authorise the commencement of proceedings for an offence more than 2 years after the date on which the offence was committed.

(3) For the purposes of this section, a certificate signed by or on behalf of the prosecutor and stating the date on which evidence sufficient in his opinion to warrant the proceedings came to his knowledge shall be conclusive evidence of that fact.

(4) A certificate stating that matter and purporting to be so signed shall be deemed to be so signed unless the contrary is proved.]

Textual Amendments

F212 S. 51A inserted (31.5.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 53, 107, Sch. 6 para. 4; S.I. 2006/1382, art. 2

52 Interpretation of Part II. E+W+S

(1) In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires,—

• “agricultural land” does not include land which affords rough grazing for livestock but is not otherwise used as agricultural land;

• [F213 “estuarial waters” has the meaning given by section 28(9A);]

• “the Ministers”, in the application of this Part to England, means the Secretary of State and the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, and, in the application of this Part to Scotland or Wales, means the Secretary of State.

• F214 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• F215 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• [F216 “notice” and “notification” mean notice or notification in writing;

• “site of special scientific interest” means an area of land which has been notified under section 28(1)(b);]

(2) [F217 In the application of this Part to England (except as respects [F218 a National Park for which a National Park authority is the local planning authority,] a metropolitan county or Greater London) F219 . . . references to a local planning authority shall be construed—

F220 (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) F221 . . . as references to a county planning authority and a district planning authority;]

and in the application of this Part to Scotland references to a local planning authority shall be construed as references to a regional planning authority, a general planning authority and a district planning authority [F222 and, in sections 28 to 28D, shall also be construed in accordance with section 28(10);].

[F223 (2A) Where a notification under section 28(1)(b) has been—

(a) modified under section 28(5)(b),

(b) varied under section 28A(3), or

(c) varied with modifications under section 28A(5)(b),

(d) extended under section 28B(2), or

(e) extended with modifications by virtue of section 28B(7),

a reference to such a notification (however expressed) is (unless the context otherwise requires) a reference to the notification as thus altered.

(2B) References to a notification under section 28(1) or 28(5)(b), or to a local land charge existing by virtue of section 28(9), shall be construed in accordance with section 28C(9).

(2C) For the purposes of this Part, in relation to land in England and Wales which is [F224 common land] [F224 subject to rights of common (within the meaning of the Commons Act 2006)], “occupier” includes [F224 the commoners or any of them; and

(a) “common land” means common land as defined in section 22 of the M14 Commons Registration Act 1965; and

(b) “commoner” means a person with rights of common as defined in that section.]

[F224 the persons with such rights or any of them and any commons council established under Part 2 of the Commons Act 2006 for that land]]

(3) References in this Part to the conservation of the natural beauty of any land shall be construed as including references to the conservation of its flora, fauna and geological and physiographical features.

(4) Section 114 of the 1949 Act shall apply for the construction of this Part.

(5) F225 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F213 S. 52(1): definition of "estuarial waters" inserted (E.W.) (12.1.2010 for E., 12.12.2014 in so far as not already in force) by Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (c. 23), ss. 148, 324(2)(b)(ii), Sch. 13 para. 4; S.I. 2014/3088, art. 2(b)

F214 S. 52(1): definition of “the Nature Conservancy Councils” repealed (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1)(2), 107, Sch. 11 para. 96, Sch. 12; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F215 Words in s. 52(1) repealed (1.10.2006) by Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (c. 16), ss. 105(1)(2), 107, Sch. 11 para. 96, Sch. 12; S.I. 2006/2541, art. 2

F216 S. 52(1): definitions of "notice", "notification" and "site of special scientific interest" inserted (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 5(2)

F217 Words and s. 52(2)(a)(b) substituted by Local Government Act 1985 (c. 51, SIF 81:1), ss. 1, 2, 7, Sch. 3 para. 7(5)

F218 Words in s. 52(2) inserted (1.4.1997) by 1995 c. 25, s. 78, Sch. 10 para. 22(6) (with ss. 7(6), 115, Sch. 8 para. 7); S.I. 1996/2560, art. 3

F219 Words in s. 52(2) repealed (1.4.1996) by 1994 c. 19, s. 66(6)(8), Sch. 16 para. 65(6), Sch. 18 (with ss. 54(5)(7), 55(5), Sch. 17 paras. 22(1), 23(2)); S.I. 1996/396, art. 4, Sch. 2

F220 S. 52(2)(a) repealed (1.4.1997) by 1995 c. 25, s. 120(3), Sch. 24 (with ss. 7(6), 115); S.I. 1996/2560, art. 2

F221 Words in s. 52(2)(b) repealed (1.4.1997) by 1995 c. 25, s. 120(3), Sch. 24 (with ss. 7(6), 115); S.I. 1996/2560, art. 2

F222 Words in s. 52(2) inserted (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 5(3)

F223 S. 52(2A)-(2C) inserted (E.W.) (30.1.2001) by 2000 c. 37, ss. 75(1), 103(2), Sch. 9 para. 5(4)

F224 Words in s. 52(2C) substituted (E.W.) (31.10.2011 for E. in relation to the pilot areas, 12.11.2014 for E. for specified purposes, 15.12.2014 for E. for specified purposes) by Commons Act 2006 (c. 26), s. 56, Sch. 5 para. 3 (with s. 60); S.I. 2011/2460, art. 2(b); S.I. 2014/3026, art. 3(1)(g) (with art. 5)

F225 S. 52(5) repealed (27.3.2002) by The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (Dissolution) Order 2002 (S.I. 2002/794), art. 5(2), Sch. 2 (with art. 6)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C17 S. 52(2) excluded (E.W.) (19.9.1995) by 1995 c. 25, ss. 69(2)(b), 125(2) (with ss. 7(6), 115, Sch. 8 para. 7)

Marginal Citations

M14 1965 c. 64.