Housing Act 1985

PART XIVE+W LOANS FOR ACQUISITION OR IMPROVEMENT OF HOUSING

Local authority mortgagesE+W

435 Power of local authorities to advance money.E+W

(1)A local authority may advance money to a person for the purpose of—

(a)acquiring a house,

(b)constructing a house,

(c)converting another building into a house or acquiring another building and converting it into a house, F1. . .

F1(d). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

or for the purpose of facilitating the repayment of an amount outstanding on a previous loan made for any of those purposes.

[F2(1A)A local authority which is not a local housing authority may advance money to a person—

(a)for the purpose of altering, enlarging, repairing or improving a house, or

(b)for the purpose of facilitating the repayment of an amount outstanding on a previous loan made for any of those purposes.]

(2)The authority may make an advance notwithstanding that it is intended that some part of the premises will be used, or continue to be used, otherwise than as a dwelling if it appears to the authority that the principal effect of making the advance would be to meet the applicant’s housing needs; and in such a case the premises shall be treated as a building to be converted into a house.

(3)The authority may make advances whether or not the houses or buildings are in the authority’s area.

(4)An advance may be made in addition to assistance given by the authority in respect of the same house under any other Act or any other provision of this Act.

Textual Amendments

F1S. 435(1)(d) and the preceding word “or”repealed (18.7.2003) by S.I. 2002/1860, arts. 1(3), 10, 15, Sch. 2 paras. 1, 2, Sch. 6 (with arts. 10(3), 15(2))

F2S. 435(1A) inserted (18.7.2003) by S.I. 2002/1860, arts. 1(3), 10, Sch. 2 paras. 1, 3 (with art. 10(3))

436 Terms of advance.E+W

(1)The provisions of this section have effect with respect to the terms of advances under section 435.

(2)The advance, together with the interest on it, shall be secured by a mortgage of the land concerned; and an advance shall not be made unless the estate proposed to be mortgaged is either—

(a)an estate in fee simple absolute in possession, or

(b)an estate for a term of years absolute of which a period of not less that ten years in excess of the period fixed for the repayment of the advance remains unexpired on the date on which the mortgage is executed.

(3)The amount of the principal of the advance shall not exceed the value of the mortgage security or, as the case may be the value which it is estimated the mortgaged security will bear when the construction, conversion, alteration, enlargement, repair or improvement has been carried out; and the advance shall not be made except after a valuation duly made on behalf of the authority.

(4)Where the advance is for any of the purposes specified in [F3section 435(1)(b) and (c) and (1A)] (construction, conversion, alteration, enlargement, repair or improvement) it may be made by instalments from time to time as the works progress.

(5)The mortgage deed shall provide—

(a)for repayments of the principal either by instalments of equal or unequal amounts, beginning on the date of the advance or at a later date, or at the end of a fixed period (with or without a provision allowing the authority to extend the period) or on the happening of a specified event before the end of that period, and

(b)for the payment of instalments of interest throughout the period beginning on the date of the advance and ending when the whole of the principal is repaid;

but subject to section 441 (waiver or reduction of payments in case of property requiring repair or improvement) and to section 446(1)(b) (assistance for first time buyers: part of loan interest-free for up to five years).

(6)The mortgage deed shall also provide that, notwithstanding the provisions referred to in subsection (5), the balance for the time being unpaid—

(a)shall become repayable on demand by the authority in the event of any of the conditions subject to which the advance is made not being complied with, and

(b)may, in any event, be repaid on one of the usual quarter-days by the person for the time being entitled to the equity of redemption after one month’s written notice of intention to repay has been given to the authority.

Textual Amendments

F3Words in s. 436(4) substituted (18.7.2003) by S.I. 2002/1860, arts. 1(3), 10, Sch. 2 para. 4(2) (with art. 10(3))

437 Power of local authority on disposal to leave amount outstanding on mortgage.E+W

On the disposal of a house under section 32 (disposal by local authority of land held for purposes of Part II(—

(a)by way of sale, or

(b)by the grant or assignment of a lease at a premium

the local authority may agree to the price or premium, or part of it, and any expenses incurred by the purchaser, being secured by a mortgage of the premises.

438Local authority mortgage interest rates.E+W

(1)Where after 3rd October 1980 a local authority—

(a)advance money for any of the purposes mentioned in section 435, or

(b)on the disposal of a house allow, or have to allow, a sum to be left outstanding on the security of the house, or

(c)take a transfer of a mortgage in pursuance of section 442 (agreement by local authority to indemnify mortgagee),

the provision made by them with respect to interest on the sum advanced or remaining outstanding shall comply with the provisions of Schedule 16.

(2)This section does not prevent a local authority from giving assistance in the manner provided by—

  • section 441 (waiver or reduction of payments in case of property requiring repair or improvement), or

  • section 446(1)(b) (assistance for first-time buyers: part of loan interest-free for up to five years).

(3)This section does not apply to loans made by local authorities under—

  • section 228 (duty to make loans for improvements required by improvement notice), or

  • [F4section 22 of the Housing Act 1996 or section 58] of the M1Housing Associations Act 1985 (financial assistance for housing associations).

Textual Amendments

F4Words in s. 438(3) substituted (1.10.1996) by S.I. 1996/2325, art. 5(1), Sch. 2 para. 14(21)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

Marginal Citations

439 Requirements as to fitness of premises, &c.E+W

(1)F5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(2)F6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3)An advance shall not be made for the purpose specified in the closing words of [F7subsection (1) of section 435] (repayment of previous loan) [F8or in subsection (1A)(b) of that section (repayment of previous loan for improvements etc)], unless the authority satisfy themselves that the primary effect of the advance will be to meet the housing needs of the applicant by enabling him either—

(a)to retain an interest in the house concerned, or

(b)to carry out such works in relation to the building or house concerned as would be eligible for an advance under

[F9(i)subsection (1)(c) of that section (conversion), or

(ii)subsection (1A)(a) of that section (improvements, etc),

as the case may be.]

Textual Amendments

F5S. 439(1) repealed (6.4.2006 for E. and 16.6.2006 for W.) by Housing Act 2004 (c. 34), ss. 265(1), 266, 270(4)(5), Sch. 15 para. 28, Sch. 16; S.I. 2006/1060, art. 2(1) (with Sch.); S.I. 2006/1535, art. 2(c)(v) (with Sch.)

F6S. 439(2) repealed (6.4.2006 for E. and 16.6.2006 for W.) by Housing Act 2004 (c. 34), ss. 265(1), 266, 270(4)(5), Sch. 15 para. 28, Sch. 16; S.I. 2006/1060, art. 2(1)(e)(v) (with Sch.); S.I. 2006/1535, art. 2(c)(v) (with Sch.)

F7Words in s. 439(3) substituted (18.7.2003) by S.I. 2002/1860, arts. 1(3), 10, Sch. 2 para. 4(3)(b)(i) (with art. 10(3))

F8Words in s. 439(3) inserted (18.7.2003) by S.I. 2002/1860, arts. 1(3), 10, Sch. 2 para. 4(3)(b)(ii) (with art. 10(3))

F9S. 439(3)(b)(i)(ii) and words in s. 439(3)(b) substituted for words in s. 439(3)(b) (18.7.2003) by S.I. 2002/1860, arts. 1(3), 10, Sch. 2 para. 4(3)(b)(iii) (with art. 10(3))

440 Deposits in respect of maintenance or repair of mortgaged premises.E+W

A local authority by whom has been advanced on the mortgage of a house in pursuance of any enactment may accept the deposit by the mortgagor of the sums estimated to be required for the maintenance or repair of the mortgaged premises, and may pay interest on sums so deposited.

441 Waiver or reduction of payments in case of property requiring repair or improvement.E+W

(1)Where a local authority—

(a)advance money for the acquisition of a house which is in need of repair or improvement, or

(b)on the disposal of a house which is in need of repair or improvement allow, or have to allow, a sum to be left outstanding on the security of the house,

they may, if the conditions stated in subsection (2) are satisfied, give assistance in accordance with this section to the person acquiring the house.

(2)The conditions are—

(a)that the assistance is given in accordance with a scheme which either has been approved by the Secretary of State or conforms with such requirements as may be prescribed, and

(b)that the person acquiring the house has entered into an agreement with the local authority to carry out, within a period specified in the agreement, such works of repair or improvement as are so specified.

(3)The assistance shall take the form of making provision—

(a)for waiving or reducing the interest payable on the sum advanced or remaining outstanding, and

(b)for dispensing with the repayment of principal,

for a period ending not later than five years after the date of the advance or, as the case may be, the date of the disposal.

(4)In this section “prescribed” means prescribed by order of the Secretary of State made with the consent of the Treasury.

(5)An order—

(a)may make different provision with respect to different cases or descriptions of case, including different provision for different areas, and

(b)shall be made by statutory instrument which shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

Local authority assistance in connection with mortgagesE+W

442Agreement by local authority to indemnify mortgagee.E+W

(1)[F10A local authority may enter into an agreement with a person or body making an advance on the security of a house (or a building to be converted into a house)] whereby, in the event of default by the mortgagor, and in the circumstances and subject to conditions specified in the agreement, the authority binds itself to indemnify the [F11mortgagee] in respect of the whole or part of the mortgagor’s outstanding indebtedness and any loss or expense falling on the [F11mortgagee] in consequence of the mortgagor’s default.

[F12(1A)The local authority may only enter into the agreement if the advance is for one or more of the purposes specified in subsection (1) [F13or (1A)] of section 435; and subsections (2) to (4) of that section apply in relation to power to enter into such an agreement as they apply to the power to make an advance under that section.]

(2)The agreement may also, if the mortgagor is made party to it, enable or require the authority in specified circumstances to take a transfer of the mortgage and assume rights and liabilities under it, the [F14mortgagee] being then discharged in respect of them.

(3)The transfer may be made to take effect—

(a)on terms provided for by the agreement (including terms involving the substitution of a new mortgage agreement or modification of the existing one), and

(b)so that the authority is treated as acquiring (for and in relation to the purposes of the mortgage) the benefit and burden of all preceding acts, omissions and events.

F15(4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F15(5). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F10Words in s. 442(1) substituted (24.9.1996) for s. 442(1)(a)(b) by 1996 c. 52, ss. 222, 232(2), Sch. 18 Pt. IV para. 27(2)(a)

F11Words in s. 442(1) substituted (24.9.1996) by 1996 c. 52, ss. 222, 232(2), Sch. 18 Pt. IV para. 27(2)(b)

F12S. 442(1A) inserted (24.9.1996) by 1996 c. 52, ss. 222, 232(2), Sch. 18 Pt. IV para. 27(3)

F13Words in s. 442(1A) inserted (18.7.2003) by S.I. 2002/1860, arts. 1(3), 10, Sch. 2 para. 4(4) (with art. 10(3))

F14Words in s. 442(2) substituted (24.9.1996) by 1996 c. 52, ss. 222, 232(2), Sch. 18 Pt. IV para. 27(4)

F15S. 442(4)(5) repealed (24.9.1996) by 1996 c. 52, ss. 222, 227, 232(2), Sch. 18 Pt. IV para. 27(5), Sch. 19 Pt. XIV

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

443 Local authority contributions to mortgage costs.E+W

(1)A local authority may contribute towards costs incurred by a person in connection with a legal charge which secures, or a proposed legal charge which is intended to secure, a relevant advance made or proposed to be made to him by [F16any person or body]

F17(2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F17(3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F16Words in s. 443(1) substituted (24.9.1996) by 1996 c. 52, ss. 222, 232(2), Sch. 18 Pt. IV para. 28(a)

F17S. 443(2)(3) repealed (24.9.1996) by 1996 c. 52, ss. 222, 227, 232(2), Sch. 18 Pt. IV para. 28(b), Sch. 19 Pt. XIV

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

[F18444 Relevant advances for the purposes of section 443.E+W

The expression “relevant advance” in section 443 (contributions to mortgage costs) means an advance made to a person whose interest in the house (or building to be converted into a house) on the security of which the advance is made is, or was, acquired by virtue of a conveyance of the freehold, or a grant or assignment of a long lease, by a housing authority.]

Textual Amendments

F18S. 444 substituted (24.9.1996) by 1996 c. 52, ss. 222, 232(2), Sch. 18 para. IV para. 29

Assistance for first-time buyersE+W

445Advances to recognised lending institutions to assist first-time buyers.E+W

(1)The Secretary of State may make advances to recognised lending institutions enabling them to provide assistance to first-time purchasers of house property in Great Britain where—

(a)the purchaser intends to make his home in the property,

(b)finance for the purchase of the property (and improvements, if any) is obtained by means of a secured loan from the lending institution, and

(c)the purchase price is within the prescribed limits.

(2)In this section “prescribed” means prescribed by order of the Secretary of State.

(3)An order—

(a)may prescribe different limits for properties in different areas, and

(b)shall be made by statutory instrument which shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the House of Commons.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C4Ss. 445–450: power to amend or repeal conferred by Local Government and Housing Act 1989 (c. 42, SIF 61), s. 171(1)(a)(2)

446Forms of assistance and qualifying conditions.E+W

(1)Assistance under section 445 (assistence for first-time buyers) may be given in the following ways—

(a)the secured loan may be financed by the Secretary of State to the exent of £600 (that amount being normally additional to that which the institution would otherwise have lent, but not so that the total loan exceeds the loan value of the property);

(b)£600 of the total loan may be made free of interest, and of any obligation to repay principal, for up to five years from the date of purchase; and

(c)the institution may provide the purchaser with a bonus on his savings (which bonus shall be tax-exempt) up to a maximum of £110, payable towards the purchase or expenses arising in connection with it.

(2)The purchaser qualifies for assistance under subsection (1)(a) and (b) (interest-free loan) by satisfying the following conditions with respect to his own savings—

(a)that he has been saving with a recognised savings institution for at least two years preceding the date of his application for assistance,

(b)that throughout the twelve months preceding that date he had at least £300 of such savings, and

(c)that by that date he has accumulated at least £600 of such savings;

and he qualifies for assistance under subsection (1)(c) (bonus on savings) by satisfying the conditions specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) above.

(3)The Secretary of State may allow for the conditions to be relaxed or modified in particular classes of case.

(4)No assistance shall be given in any case unless the amount of the secured loan is at least £1,600 and amounts to not less than 25 per cent. of the purchase price of the property.

(5)The Secretary of State may by order made with the consent of the Treasury—

(a)alter any of the money sums specified in this section;

(b)substitute a longer or shorter period for either or both of the periods mentioned in subsection (2)(a) and (b) (conditions as to savings);

(c)alter the condition in subsection (2)(c) so as to enable the purchaser to satisfy it with lesser amounts of savings and to enable assistance to be given in such a case according to reduced scales specified in the order;

(d)alter the percentage mentioned in subsection (4) (minimum secured loan).

(6)An order shall be made by statutory instrument which shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the House of Commons.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C5Ss. 445–450: power to amend or repeal conferred by Local Government and Housing Act 1989 (c. 42, SIF 61), s. 171(1)(a)(2)

447 Recognised lending institutions.E+W

(1)The lending institutions recognised for the purposes of section 445 (assistance for first-time buyers) are—

  • [F19an authorised deposit taker

  • an authorised insurer]

  • F20. . .

    • local authorities,

    • [F21development] corporations,

    • the Development Board for Rural Wales,

    • F20. . .

    • F20. . .

    • F20. . .

    • F20. . .

    • [F22Swansea Building Society]

    • [F23Abbey Life Home Service Limited.

    • Abbey Life Mortgage Securities Limited.

    • Abbey Life Residential Loans Limited.

    • General Portfolio Finance Limited.

    • Royal London Homebuy Limited.]

    • [F24Abbey Life Mortgage Finance Limited,

    • Abbey Life Mortgage Loans Limited,

    • CIS Mortgage Maker Limited]

    • [F25Mortgage Express Ltd.]

    • [F26Halifax Loans Limited

    • BNP Mortgages Limited.]

    • [F27Sun Life of Canada Home Loans Limited

    • Halifax Loans (No.2) Limited

    • Halifax Loans (No.3) Limited

    • Halifax Loans (No.4) Limited.]

(2)The Secretary of State may by order made with the consent of the Treasury—

(a)add to the list in subsection (1), or

(b)direct that a named body shall no longer be a recognised lending institution;

but before making an order under paragraph (b) he shall give an opportunity for representations to be made on behalf of the body concerned.

(3)An order shall be made by statutory instrument.

Textual Amendments

F19Words in s. 447(1) inserted (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3649, arts. 1, 299(5)(b)

F20Words in s. 447(1) repealed (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3649, arts. 1, 299(5)(a)

F22Entry added by S.I. 1986/1489, art. 2

F23Entries added by S.I. 1988/84, art. 2, Sch.

F24Entries added by S.I. 1988/1723, art. 2

F25Entry added by S.I. 1989/956, art. 2

F26Entries added by S.I. 1989/2328, art. 2

F27Entries added by S.I. 1990/1387, art. 2

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C7Ss. 445–450: power to amend or repeal conferred by Local Government and Housing Act 1989 (c. 42, SIF 61), s. 171(1)(a)(2)

C8S. 447 amended by S.I. 1986/148, art. 10(6)

C9By S.I. 1987/1202, art. 2, Sch. the bodies “Yorkshire Bank Home Loans Limited” and “Abbey Life Home Loans Limited.” are specified for the purposes of section 447(2)

C10By S.I. 1987/1809, art. 2, Sch. the bodies “Abbey Life Executive Mortgages Limited.” and “Abbey Life Funding Limited.” are specified for the purposes of section 447(2)

448Recognised savings institutions.E+W

(1)The savings institutions recognised for the purposes of section 446 (qualifying conditions as to savings) are—

[F28an authorised deposit taker]

F29. . .

  • local authorities

  • F29. . .

  • F29. . .

  • friendly societies, [F30and]

  • the Director of Savings, F31. . .

  • F31. . .

  • [F32Swansea Building Society]

and savings institutions recognised for the purposes of the corresponding provisions in force in Scotland or Northern Ireland.

(2)The Secretary of State may by order made with the consent of the Treasury—

(a)add to the list in subsection (1), or

(b)direct that a named body shall no longer be a recognised savings institution;

but before making an order under paragraph (b) he shall give an opportunity for representations to be made on behalf of the body concerned.

(3)An order shall be made by statutory instrument.

Textual Amendments

F28Words in s. 448(1) inserted (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3649, arts. 1, 299(6)(b)

F29Words in s. 448(1) repealed (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3649, arts. 1, 299(6)(a)

F30Word in s. 448(1) inserted (26.3.2001) by S.I. 2001/1149, art. 3(1), Sch. 1 para. 63

F31Words in s. 448(1) repealed (26.3.2001) by S.I. 2001/1149, art. 3(2), Sch. 2 (with art. 4(11))

F32Entry added by S.I. 1986/1490, art. 2

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C11Ss. 445–450: power to amend or repeal conferred by Local Government and Housing Act 1989 (c. 42, SIF 61), s. 171(1)(a)(2)

449Terms of advances and administration.E+W

(1)Advances to lending institutions under section 445 (assistance for first-time buyers) shall be on such terms as to repayment and otherwise as may be settled by the Secretary of State, with the consent of the Treasury, after consultation with lending and savings institutions or organisations representative of them; and the terms shall be embodied in directions issued by the Secretary of State.

(2)The following matters, among others, may be dealt with in directions issued by the Secretary of State—

(a)the cases in which assistance is to be provided;

(b)the method of determining the loan value of property for the purpose of section 446(1)(a) (limit on total loan);

(c)the method of quantifying bonus by reference to savings;

(d)the considerations by reference to which a person is or is not to be treated as a first-time purchaser of house property;

(e)the steps which must be taken with a view to satisfying the conditions in section 446(2) (conditions as to purchaser’s own savings), and the circumstances in which those conditions are or are not to be treated as satisfied;

(f)the supporting evidence and declarations which must be furnished by a person applying for assistance, in order to establish his qualification for it, and the means of ensuring that restitution is made in the event of it being obtained by false representations;

(g)the way in which amounts paid over by way of assistance are to be repaid to the lending institutions and to the Secretary of State.

(3)The Secretary of State may, to the extent that he thinks proper for safeguarding the lending institutions, include in the terms an undertaking to indemnify the institutions in respect of loss suffered in cases where assistance has been given.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C12Ss. 445–450: power to amend or repeal conferred by Local Government and Housing Act 1989 (c. 42, SIF 61), s. 171(1)(a)(2)

F33450. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E+W

Textual Amendments

F33S. 450 repealed (1.12.1997) by 1997 c. 32, s. 46(2), Sch. 9; S.I. 1997/2668, art. 2(2)(3)(5), Sch. Pt. II para. (z)(bb)(iii)

[F34 Loans in respect of service chargesE+W

Textual Amendments

F34Ss. 450A, 450B, 450C and cross heading inserted (13.7.1992) by Housing and Planning Act 1986 (c. 63, SIF 61), s. 5; S.I. 1992/1753, art. 2(1)

450A Right to a loan in certain cases after exercise of right to buy. E+W

(1)The Secretary of State may by regulations provide that where—

(a)a lease of a flat has been granted in pursuance of Part V (the right to buy), and

(b)the landlord is the housing authority who granted the lease or another housing authority,

the tenant has, in such circumstances as may be prescribed, a right to a loan in respect of service charges to which this section applies.

[F35(1A) But, except for cases where he is the landlord as the result of the exercise by him (or Housing for Wales) of functions under Part III of the M2 Housing Associations Act 1985, the regulations may not contain provision for cases where the Secretary of State is the landlord. ]

(2)This section applies to service charges in respect of repairs [F36or improvements] (whether to the flat, the building in which it is situated or any other building or land) which are payable in the period beginning with the grant of the lease and ending with the tenth aniversary of the grant or, where the lease provides for service charges to be payable by reference to a specified annual period, with the end of the tenth such period beginning after the grant of the lease.

(3)The regulations may provide that the right—

(a)arises only in respect of so much of a service charge as exceeds a minimum qualifying amount and does not exceed a maximum qualifying amount, and

(b)does not arise unless the amount thus qualifying for a loan itself exceeds a minimum amount,

the amounts being either prescribed or ascertained in a prescribed manner.

(4)The regulations shall provide that the right is—

(a)where the landlord is a housing association, a right to an advance from the [F37Relevant Authority], and

(b)in any other case, a right to leave the whole or part of the service charge outstanding.

(5)The regulations may, as regards the procedure for exercising the right, provide—

(a)that a demand for service charges in respect of repairs [F38or improvements] shall inform the tenant whether, in the landlord’s opinion, he is entitled to a loan and, if he is, what he must do to claim it;

(b)that the right must be claimed within a prescribed period of the demand; and

(c)that on the right being claimed the lender shall inform the tenant of the terms of the loan and of the prescribed period within which the tenant may accept the offer.

[F39(5A) In subsection (4)(a) “ the Relevant Authority ”, in relation to a housing association falling within section 6A(4) [F40and in the case of a property outside Greater London], means the Homes and Communities Agency. ]

[F41(5B) In subsection (4)(a) “ the Relevant Authority ”, in relation to a housing association falling within section 6A(4) and in the case of a property in Greater London, means the Greater London Authority. ]

(6)In this section—

  • [F42“housing authority”—

    (a)

    does not include a private registered provider of social housing, or a registered social landlord, which is a co-operative housing association;

    (b)

    includes a co-operative housing association which is neither a private registered provider of social housing nor a registered social landlord; and]

  • “ repairs ” includes works for making good a structural defect. ]

Textual Amendments

F35S. 450A(1A) inserted (1.11.1998) by 1998 c. 38, s. 140, Sch. 16 para. 16 (with ss. 139(2), 141(1), 143(2)); S.I. 1998/2244, art. 5

F36Words in s. 450A(2) inserted (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 (c. 15), ss. 150, 181(1), Sch. 9 para. 2(1)(2); S.I. 2003/1986, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(i), Sch. 2

F37Words in s. 450A(4)(a) substituted (1.11.1998) by 1998 c. 38, s. 140, Sch. 16 para. 5 (with ss. 139(2), 141(1), 143(2)); S.I. 1998/2244, art. 5

F38Words in s. 450A(5)(a) inserted (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 (c. 15), ss. 150, 181(1), Sch. 9 para. 2(1)(3); S.I. 2003/1986, {art. 2)(c)(i)} (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(i), Sch. 2

F40Words in s. 450A(5A) inserted (1.4.2012) by Localism Act 2011 (c. 20), s. 240(2), Sch. 19 para. 16(2); S.I. 2012/628, art. 6(i) (with arts. 9, 11, 14, 15, 17)

Marginal Citations

[F43450B Power to make loans in other cases.E+W

(1)The Secretary of State may by regulations provide that where—

(a)a housing authority [F44(other than the Homes and Communities Agency[F45or the Greater London Authority])] is the landlord of a flat under a long lease granted or assigned by the authority or by another housing authority, and

(b)the tenant is liable under the terms of the lease to pay service charges in respect of repairs [F46or improvements] (whether to the flat, the building in which it is situated or any other building or land),

the landlord or, where the landlord is a housing association, the [F47Relevant Authority] may, in such circumstances as may be prescribed, make a loan to the tenant in respect of the service charges.

[F48(1A) But, except for cases where he is the landlord as the result of the exercise by him (or Housing for Wales) of functions under Part III of the M3 Housing Associations Act 1985, the regulations may not contain provision for cases where the Secretary of State is the landlord. ]

(2)The regulations shall provide that the power is—

(a)where the landlord is a housing association, a power of the [F47Relevant Authority] to make an advance, and

(b)in any other case, a power of the landlord to leave the whole or part of the service charge outstanding.

(3)Where the tenant is entitled to a loan in pursuance of regulations under section 450A, the power conferred by regulations under this section may be exercised in respect of any part of the service charge which does not qualify for a loan under that section.

[F49(3A) For the purposes of this section a long lease granted or assigned by the Secretary of State shall only be taken to have been granted or assigned by a housing authority if the Secretary of State granted or assigned it in exercise of his powers under section 90 of the M4 Housing Associations Act 1985. ]

(4)In this section—

  • [F50“housing authority”—

    (a)

    does not include a private registered provider of social housing, or a registered social landlord, which is a co-operative housing association;

    (b)

    includes a co-operative housing association which is neither a private registered provider of social housing nor a registered social landlord; and]

  • “ repairs ” includes works for making good a structural defect.

(5)This section does not affect any other power of the landlord, or the [F47Relevant Authority], to make loans.]

[F51(6)This section does not apply to a landlord which is a housing association falling within section 6A(4) (housing associations which are not Welsh or Scottish housing associations).]

Textual Amendments

F43Ss. 450A, 450B, 450C and cross heading inserted (13.07.1992) by Housing and Planning Act 1986 (c. 63, SIF 61), s. 5; S.I. 1992/1753, art. 2(1)

F45Words in s. 450B(1)(a) inserted (1.4.2012) by Localism Act 2011 (c. 20), s. 240(2), Sch. 19 para. 17; S.I. 2012/628, art. 6(i) (with arts. 9, 11, 14, 15, 17)

F46Words in s. 450B(1)(b) inserted (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 150, 181(1), Sch. 9 para. 3; S.I. 2003/1986, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(i), Sch. 2

F47Words in s. 450C substituted (1.11.1998) by 1998 c. 38, s. 140, Sch. 16 para. 5 (with ss. 139(2), 141(1), 143(2)); S.I. 1998/2244, art. 5

F48S. 450B(1A) inserted (1.11.1998) by 1998 c. 38, s. 140, Sch. 16 para. 17(2) (with ss. 139(2), 141(1), 143(2)); S.I. 1998/2244, art. 5

F49S. 450B(3A) inserted (1.11.1998) by 1998 c. 38, s. 140, Sch. 16 para. 17(3) (with ss. 139(2), 141(1), 143(2)); S.I. 1998/2244, art. 5

Marginal Citations

[F52450C Supplementary provisions as to regulations under s. 450A or 450B.E+W

(1)This section applies to regulations under section 450A or 450B (regulations conferring right to loan, or power to make loan, in respect of service charges).

(2)The regulations may provide that the right or, as the case may be, the power does not arise in the case of any prescribed description of landlord.

( 3 )The regulations shall provide that the loan—

(a)in the case of a loan made in pursuance of regulations under section 450A (the right to a loan), shall be on such terms as may be prescribed, and

(b)in the case of a loan made by virtue of regulations under section 450B (power to make loan), shall be on such terms as the lender may determine subject to any provision made by the regulations;

and shall, in either case, be secured by a mortgage of the flat in question, but may be made whether or not the flat is adequate security for the loan.

(4)The regulations may—

( a )[F53in a case where a rate of interest is payable on some or all of] the loan, either prescribe the rate or provide that the rate shall be such reasonable rate as may be determined by the lender or, where the lender is a local authority, provide that Schedule 16 applies (local authority mortgage interest rates);

[F54( aa )in a case where amounts calculated by reference to the market value of the flat are payable instead of (or as well as) interest, make provision about calculating the market value of the flat (including imposing charges for the services of district valuers);]

(b)as regards administrative expenses of the lender in connection with a loan, provide that the lender may charge such expenses to the borrower, to the extent that they do not exceed such amount as may be prescribed, and that the expenses so charged may, at the option of the borrower in the case of a loan under section 450A and at the option of the lender in the case of a loan under section 450B, be added to the amount of the loan.

(5)The regulations may apply whenever the lease in question was granted or assigned and whenever the service charge in question became payable.

(6)The regulations—

(a)may make different provision for different cases or descriptions of case, including different provision for different areas;

(b)may contain such incidental, supplementary and transitional provisions as the Secretary of State considers appropriate; and

(c)shall be made by statutory instrument which shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.]

Textual Amendments

F52Ss. 450A, 450B, 450C and cross heading inserted (13.7.1992) by Housing and Planning Act 1986 (c. 63, SIF 61), s. 5; S.I. 1992/1753, art.2(1)

F53Words in s. 450C(4)(a) substituted (1.12.2008 for E. for specified purposes, 19.8.2011 for W.) by Housing and Regeneration Act 2008 (c. 17), ss. 308(1)(a), 325(1); S.I. 2008/3068, art. 4(8) (with arts. 6-13); S.I. 2011/1863, art. 3(1)

F54S. 450C(4)(aa) inserted (1.12.2008 for E. for specified purposes, 19.8.2011 for W.) by Housing and Regeneration Act 2008 (c. 17), ss. 308(1)(b), 325(1); S.I. 2008/3068, art. 4(8) (with arts. 6-13); S.I. 2011/1863, art. 3(1)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C13S. 450C(3) powers extended (1.12.2008 for E. for specified purposes, 19.8.2011 for W.) by Housing and Regeneration Act 2008 (c. 17), s. 308(2)(3)325(1); S.I. 2008/3068, art. 4(8) (with arts. 6-13); S.I. 2011/1863, art. 3(1)

[F55Other financial assistance in respect of service chargesE+W

Textual Amendments

F55S. 450D and crossheading inserted (1.12.2008 for E. for specified purposes, 6.4.2009 for E. in so far as not already in force, 26.7.2011 for W. for specified purposes, 19.8.2011 for W. so far as not already in force) by Housing and Regeneration Act 2008 (c. 17), ss. 309, 325(1); S.I. 2008/3068, art. 4(9) (with arts. 6-13); S.I. 2009/803, art. 9; S.I. 2011/1863, arts. 2, 3(2)

450DPurchase of equitable interestsE+W

(1)The appropriate national authority may by regulations provide that where—

(a)a housing authority is the landlord of a flat under a long lease granted or assigned by the housing authority or another housing authority, and

(b)the tenant is liable under the terms of the lease to pay service charges in respect of repairs or improvements (whether to the flat, the building in which it is situated or any other building or land),

the landlord may, with the agreement of the tenant and in such circumstances as may be prescribed, purchase an equitable interest in the flat for the purpose of assisting the tenant to meet some or all of the service charge payments.

(2)Regulations under this section shall ensure that the purchase price is to be met by the landlord reducing or (as the case may be) cancelling the service charge payable to the landlord by the tenant to such extent as corresponds to the amount concerned.

(3)Regulations under this section may, in particular—

(a)provide that the power to purchase an equitable interest does not arise in the case of particular descriptions of landlord;

(b)make provision about calculating the purchase price (including provision about any discounts and about imposing charges for the services of district valuers);

(c)provide for—

(i)the tenant to be liable for the administrative expenses of the landlord in connection with the purchase;

(ii)such expenses not to exceed such amount (if any) as may be specified in the regulations;

(iii)the purchase price to include, at the option of the purchaser, a deduction for such expenses;

(d)provide for an alteration, as a result of the purchase of the equitable interest, in the liability of the tenant for future service charges or improvement contributions.

(4)Regulations under this section may not contain provision for cases where the Secretary of State or the Welsh Ministers are the landlord unless the Welsh Ministers are the landlord—

(a)as the result of the exercise by them of functions under Part 3 of the Housing Associations Act 1985; or

(b)as the result of—

(i)the exercise by the former National Assembly for Wales, the Secretary of State, Housing for Wales or the Housing Corporation of functions under Part 3 of the Act of 1985; and

(ii)the transfer of the flat to the Welsh Ministers by virtue of paragraph 39 of Schedule 11 to the Government of Wales Act 2006.

(5)For the purposes of this section a long lease granted or assigned by—

(a)the Welsh Ministers, or

(b)in a case falling within subsection (4)(b), the former National Assembly for Wales, the Secretary of State, Housing for Wales or the Housing Corporation,

shall be taken to have been granted or assigned by a housing authority if (but only if) the person concerned granted or assigned it in exercise of its powers under section 90 of the Housing Associations Act 1985.

(6)This section does not affect any other power of the landlord to purchase an equitable interest in the flat for the purpose of assisting the tenant to meet some or all of the service charge payments.

(7)Regulations under this section may apply whenever the lease concerned was granted or assigned and whenever the service charge concerned became payable.

(8)Regulations under this section—

(a)are to be made by statutory instrument;

(b)may make different provision for different cases or descriptions of case including different provision for different areas;

(c)may contain such incidental, supplementary and transitional provisions as the appropriate national authority considers appropriate.

(9)An instrument containing regulations made under this section—

(a)by the Secretary of State is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament;

(b)by the Welsh Ministers is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the National Assembly for Wales.

(10)In this section—

  • “appropriate national authority” means—

    (a)

    in relation to England, the Secretary of State; and

    (b)

    in relation to Wales, the Welsh Ministers;

  • “former National Assembly for Wales” means the Assembly constituted by the Government of Wales Act 1998;

  • “housing authority”—

    (a)

    does not include a registered provider of social housing, or a registered social landlord, which is a co-operative housing association;

    (b)

    includes a co-operative housing association which is neither a registered provider of social housing nor a registered social landlord;

  • “improvement contribution” has the same meaning as in Part 5 (see section 187);

  • “repairs” includes works for making good a structural defect.]

MiscellaneousE+W

451 Loans by Public Works Loan Commissioners.E+W

(1)The Public Works Loan Commissioners may lend money for the purpose of constructing or improving houses, or facilitating or encouraging the construction or improvement of houses, to any person entitled to land for an estate in fee simple absolute in possession or for a term of years absolute of which not less than 50 years remains unexpired.

(2)A loan for any of those purposes, and interest on the loan, shall be secured by a mortgage of—

(a)the land in respect of which the purpose is to be carried out, and

(b)such other land, if any, as may be offered as security for the loan;

and the money lent shall not exceed three-quarters of the value, to be ascertained to the satisfaction of the Public Works Loan Commissioners, of the estate or interest in the land proposed to be so mortgaged.

(3)Loans may be made by instalments from time to time as the building or other work on land mortgaged under subsection (2) progresses (so, however, that the total amounts lent does not at any time exceed the amount specified in that subsection); and a mortgage may be accordingly made to secure such loans so made.

(4)If the loan exceeds two-thirds of the value referred to in subsection (2), the Public Works Loan Commissioners shall require, in addition to such a mortgage as is mentioned in that subsection, such further security as they may think fit.

(5)The period for repayment of the loan shall not exceed 40 years, and no money shall be lent on a mortgage of land or houses unless the estate proposed to be mortgaged is either a fee simple absolute in possession or an estate for a term of years absolute of which not less than 50 years are unexpired at the date of the loan.

(6)This section does not apply to housing associations; but corresponding provision is made by [F56section 23 of the Housing Act 1996]

Textual Amendments

F56Words in s. 451(6) substituted (1.10.1996) by S.I. 1996/2325, art. 5(1), Sch. 2 para. 14(24)

452 Vesting of house in authority entitled to exercise power of sale.E+W

(1)Where there has been a disposal of a house by a housing authority and—

(a)the authority is a mortgagee of the house,

(b)the conveyance or grant contains a pre-emption provision in favour of the authority, and

(c)within the period during which the pre-emption provision has effect the authority becomes entitled as mortgagee to exercise the power of sale conferred by section 101 of the M5Law of Property Act 1925 or the mortgage deed.

the provisions of Schedule 17 apply with respect to the vesting of the house in the authority.

(2)In subsection (1)—

  • “disposal” means a conveyance of the freehold or a grant or assignment of a long lease;

  • F57. . .

  • “pre-emption provision” means a covenant imposing a condition of the kind mentioned in section 33(2)(b) or (c) (right of pre-emption or prohibition of assignment), the limitation specified in section 157(4) (restriction on disposal of dwellings in National Parks, etc.), or any other provision to the like effect.

(3)The vesting of a house under Schedule 17 shall be treated as a relevant disposal for the purposes of—

(a)the provisions of Parts II and V relating to the covenant required by section 35 or 155 (repayment of discount on early disposal), and

(b)any provision of the conveyance or grant to the like effect as the covenant required by those sections.

(4)Where a conveyance or grant executed before 26th August 1984 contains both—

(a)a pre-emption provision within the meaning of subsection (1), and

(b)the covenant required by section 35 or 155 (repayment of discount on early disposal) or any other provision to the like effect.

the latter covenant or provision has effect as from that date with such modifications as may be necesary to bring it into conformity with the provisions of this section.

(5)The preceding provisions of this section do not apply where the conveyance or grant was executed before 8th August 1980.

(6)Where before 8th August 1980 a local authority sold property under the powers of section 104(1) of the M6Housing Act 1957 (disposal of houses provided under Part V of that Act) and—

(a)part of the price was secured by a mortgage of the property,

(b)such a condition was imposed on the sale as was mentioned in section 104(3)(c) of that Act, and

(c)within the period during which the authority has the right to re-acquire the property they become entitled to exercise the power of sale conferred by section 101 of the M7Law of Property Act 1925 or by the mortgage deed,

the provisions of Schedule 17 apply with respect to the vesting of the property in the authority, but subject to the modifications specified in paragraph 4 of that Schedule.

Textual Amendments

F57Definition of 'housing authority' in s. 452(2) repealed (17.8.1992) by Housing and Planning Act 1986 (c. 63, SIF 61), s. 24(2)(3), Sch. 5 Pt. II para. 35, Sch. 12 Pt. I; S.I. 1992/1753, art.2(2) (relating to Sch. 5 para. 35 by virtue of which the definition is omitted) (with restriction in Sch. para. 4)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C14S. 452 extended (5.7.1994) by 1994 c. 19, s. 39, Sch. 13 para. 22 (with ss. 54(5)(7), 55(5), Sch. 17 paras. 22(1), 23(2))

Marginal Citations

453 Further advances in case of disposal on shared ownership lease.E+W

(1)Where—

(a)a lease of a house, granted otherwise than in pursuance of the provisions of part V (the right to buy) relating to shared ownership leases, contains a provision to the like effect as that required by paragraph 1 of Schedule 8 (terms of shared ownership lease: right of tenant to acquire additional shares), and

(b)a housing authority [F58(other than the Homes and Communities Agency[F59or the Greater London Authority])] has, in the exercise of any of its powers, left outstanding or advanced any amount on the security of the house.

that power includes power to advance further amounts for the purpose of assisting the tenant to make payments in pursuance of that provision.

F60(2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F59Words in s. 453(1)(b) inserted (1.4.2012) by Localism Act 2011 (c. 20), s. 240(2), Sch. 19 para. 18; S.I. 2012/628, art. 6(i) (with arts. 9, 11, 14, 15, 17)

F60S. 453(2) repealed (17.8.1992) by Housing and Planning Act 1986 (c. 63, SIF 61), s. 24(2)(3), Sch. 5 Pt. II para. 36, Sch. 12 Pt. I; S.I. 1992/1753, art.2(2) (relating to Sch. 5 para. 36 by virtue of which s. 453(2) is omitted) (with restriction in Sch. para. 4)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C15S. 453 extended (5.7.1994) by 1994 c. 19, s. 39, Sch. 13 para. 22 (with ss. 54(5)(7), 55(5), Sch. 17 paras. 22(1), 23(2))

F61454. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E+W

Textual Amendments

F61S. 454 repealed (1.3.2000) by S.I. 2000/311, art. 15

F62455. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E+W

Textual Amendments

F62S. 455 repealed (1.3.2000) by S.I. 2000/311, art. 15

456 Advances under the Small Dwellings Acquisition Acts.E+W

The provisions of Schedule 18 have effect with respect to advances made under the Small Dwellings Acquisition Acts 1899 to 1923 before the repeal of those Acts by the M8Housing (Consequential Provisions) Act 1985.

Marginal Citations

Supplementary provisionsE+W

457 Meaning of “house” and “house property”.E+W

In this Part “house” includes—

(a)any yard, garden, outhouses and appurtenances belonging to the house or usually enjoyed with it, and

(b)any part of a building which is occupied or intended to be occupied as a separate dwelling including, in particular, a flat;

and “house property” shall be construed accordingly.

458 Minor definitions.E+W

[F63(1)] In this Part—

  • “the corresponding Northern Ireland provisions” means—

(a)in relation to section 442 (local authority agreements to indemnify mortgagees), Article 156 of the M9Housing (Northern Ireland) Order 1981;

(b)in relation to sections 445 to 449 (assistance for first-time buyers), Part IX of that Order;

  • “the corresponding Scottish provisions”, in relation to sections 445 to 449 (assistance for first-time buyers), means [F64sections 222 to 228 of the Housing (Scotland) Act 1987];

  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F65

  • [F66 “ housing authority ” includes ([F67subject to subsections (1A) and (2) and sections 450A(6), 450B(4) and 450D(10)]) any local authority, an urban development corporation, [F68a Mayoral development corporation,] the [F69 Homes and Communities Agency,] [F70the Greater London Authority,] the [F71Relevant Authority] [F72, a private registered provider of social housing] and a [F73 registered social landlord ] ; ]

  • “long lease” means a lease creating a long tenancy within the meaning of section 115.

  • [F74 “ service charge ” has the meaning given by section 18(1) of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 (c. 70). ]

[F75(1A)A profit-making registered provider of social housing is a housing authority for the purposes of this Part only in relation to social housing within the meaning of Part 2 of the Housing and Regeneration Act 2008.]

[F76(2) In section 444 “ housing authority ” does not include the Secretary of State unless the interest in the house is or was acquired on a disposal by him under section 90 of the M10 Housing Associations Act 1985; and in section 452 “ housing authority ” does not include the Secretary of State unless the disposal was under that section 90. ]

Textual Amendments

F63S. 458 renumbered as s. 458(1) (1.11.1998) by 1998 c. 38, s. 140, Sch. 16 para. 18(2) (with ss. 139(2), 141(1), 143(2)); S.I. 1998/2244, art. 5

F64Words in definition "the corresponding Scottish provisions" in s. 458(1) substituted by Housing (Scotland) Act 1987 (c. 26, SIF 61), ss. 335, 339(2), Sch. 23 para. 30(3)

F66Definition "housing authority" in s. 458(1) inserted (17.8.1992) by Housing and Planning Act 1986 (c. 63, SIF 61), s. 24(2), Sch. 5 Pt. II para. 37; S.I. 1992/1753, art. 2(2) (with restriction in Sch. para. 4)

F67Words in definition "housing authority" in s. 458(1) substituted (1.4.2010) by The Housing and Regeneration Act 2008 (Consequential Provisions) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/866), art. 1(2), Sch. 2 para. 33(2)(a) (with art. 6, Sch. 3)

F68Words in definition "housing authority" in s. 458(1) inserted (15.1.2012) by Localism Act 2011 (c. 20), s. 240(1)(l), Sch. 22 para. 14

F70Words in definition "housing authority" in s. 458(1) inserted (1.4.2012) by Localism Act 2011 (c. 20), s. 240(2), Sch. 19 para. 19; S.I. 2012/628, art. 6(i) (with arts. 9, 11, 14, 15, 17)

F71Words in definition "housing authority" in s. 458(1) substituted (1.11.1998) by 1998 c. 38, s. 140, Sch. 16 para. 5 (with ss. 139(2), 141(1), 143(2)); S.I. 1998/2244, art. 5

F73Words in definition "housing authority" in s. 458(1) substituted (1.10.1996) by S.I. 1996/2325, art. 5(1), Sch. 2 para. 14(25)

F74S. 458(1): definition "service charges" inserted (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 150, 181(1), Sch. 9 para. 4; S.I. 2003/1986, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(i), Sch. 2

F76S. 458(2) inserted (1.11.1998) by 1998 c. 38, s. 140, Sch. 16 para. 18(3) (with ss. 139(2), 141(1), 143(2)); S.I. 1998/2244, art. 5

Marginal Citations

459 Index of defined expressions: Part XIV.E+W

The following Table shows provisions defining or otherwise explaining expressions used in this Part (other than provisions defining or explaining an expression used in the same section or paragraph):—

banksection 622
building societysection 622
[F77co-operative housing association][F77section 5(2)]
F78. . .F78. . .
corresponding Northern Ireland provisionssection 458
corresponding Scottish provisionssection 458
[F79development corporationsection 4(1)(c)]
. . . F80 . . . F80
district valuersection 622
first time purchasersection 449(2)(d)
fit for human habitationsection 604
friendly societysection 622
housesection 457
house propertysection 457
housing associationsection 5(1)
[F81housing authority][F81sections 4(a) and 458]
F82 . . . F83 . . . F83
insurance companysection 622
local authoritysection 4(e)
long leasesections 115 and 458
new town corporationsection 4(b)
ownership and proprietor (in relation to an advance under the Small Dwellings Acquisition Acts)paragraphs 9(2) and (3) of Schedule 18
. . .F82. . .
recognised lending institutionsection 447
recognised savings institutionsection 448
[F84 registered social landlord][F82 section 5(4) and (5)]
[F85 the Relevant Authority][F85 section 6A]
residence (in relation to an advance under the Small Dwellings Acquisition Acts)paragraph 9(1) of Schedule 18
[F81service charge][F86section 458]
statutory conditions (in relation to an advance under the Small Dwellings Acquisition Acts)paragraph 2 of Schedule 18
trustee savings banksection 622
urban development corporationsection 4(d)

Textual Amendments

F82Entry in s. 459 repealed (24.9.1996) by 1996 c. 52, ss. 227, 232(2), Sch. 19 Pt. XIV

F84Entry in s. 459 substituted (1.10.1996) by S.I. 1996/2325, art. 5(1), Sch. 2 para. 14(26)

F85Entry in s. 459 inserted (1.11.1998) by 1998 c. 38, s. 140, Sch. 16 para. 19(b) (with ss. 139(2), 141(1, 143(2)); S.I. 1998/2244, art. 5

F86S. 459: words in entry relating to "service charge" substituted (30.9.2003 for E. and 30.3.2004 for W.) by 2002 c. 15, ss. 150, 181(1), Sch. 9 para. 5; S.I.2003/1986, art. 2(c)(i) (subject to Sch. 2); S.I. 2004/669, art. 2(c)(i), Sch. 2