Capital Allowances Act 1990 (repealed)

Part I U.K. Industrial Buildings and Structures

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1 Pt. 1 modified (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 24 para. 22(2)

C2 Pt. 1 power to apply (with modifications) conferred (24.7.1996) by Broadcasting Act 1996 (c. 55), s. 149(1)(f), Sch. 7 para. 13(2) (with Sch. 7 para. 13(3))

Chapter I U.K. Initial Allowances

1 Buildings and structures in enterprise zones. U.K.

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, in any case where—

(a) a person incurs capital expenditure on the construction of a building or structure which is to be an industrial building or structure occupied for the purposes of a trade carried on either by that person or by such a lessee as is mentioned in subsection (3) below, and

(b) the expenditure is incurred, or is incurred under a contract entered into, at a time when the site of the industrial building or structure is in an enterprise zone, being a time not more than 10 years after the site was first included in the zone,

there shall be made to the person who incurred the expenditure, for the chargeable period which is that related to the incurring of the expenditure, an allowance (“an initial allowance") equal to 100 per cent. of the amount of that expenditure.

F1 [(1A) Where the person entitled to the relevant interest in relation to any capital expenditure incurred as mentioned in paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (1) above incurs an additional VAT liability in respect of any of that capital expenditure at a time when—

(a) the building or structure is, or is to be, an industrial building or structure occupied as mentioned in paragraph (a) of that subsection, and

(b) the site of the building or structure is in an enterprise zone and not more than 10 years have elapsed since the site was first included in the zone,

that liability shall be regarded for the purposes of this Act as capital expenditure incurred on the construction of the building or structure and, subject to the following provisions of this Act, an allowance shall accordingly be made to him under that subsection for the chargeable period related to the incurring of that liability.]

(2) In this section, and in Chapter III as it applies for the purposes of this section, any reference to an industrial building or structure shall include a reference to [F2 a qualifying hotel and to] a commercial building or structure.

(3) The lessees mentioned in subsection (1) above are lessees occupying the building or structure on the construction of which the expenditure was incurred under a lease to which the relevant interest is reversionary.

(4) The reference in subsection (1) above to the occupation of a building or structure for the purposes of a trade carried on by the person who incurred the capital expenditure on the construction of that building or structure shall include a reference to the use of that building or structure for the purposes of a trade carried on by a licensee of that person or of a lessee of that person.

This subsection does not apply in relation to licences granted before 10th March 1982.

(5) A person making a claim by virtue of subsection (1) above . . . F3 may require the initial allowance to be reduced to a specified amount; . . . F3 .

(6) Notwithstanding anything in subsection (1) above, no initial allowance shall be made in respect of any expenditure if, when the building or structure comes to be used, it is not an industrial building or structure, and where an initial allowance has been granted in respect of any expenditure otherwise than in accordance with the provisions of this section all such assessments shall be made as are necessary to secure that effect is given to those provisions.

(7) No initial allowance shall be made in respect of so much of any expenditure (or be made by virtue of section 154 in respect of a proportionate part of any contribution towards such expenditure) as is taken into account for the purposes of—

(a) a grant made under section 32, 34 or 56(1), or a payment made under section 56(2), of the M1 Transport Act 1968, or

(b) a grant made under section 12 of the M2 London Regional Transport Act 1984,

made towards that expenditure, being a grant or payment declared by the Treasury by order to be relevant for the purposes of the withholding of initial allowances.

(8) If any such grant or payment is made after the making of an initial allowance, that allowance shall to that extent be withdrawn; and where the amount of the grant or payment is repaid in whole or in part by the grantee to the grantor, then to the extent to which it has been so repaid it shall be deemed never to have been made.

(9) All such assessments or adjustments of assessments to tax shall be made as may be necessary in consequence of subsection (8) above and, notwithstanding any other provision, the time within which such an assessment or adjustment may be made shall not expire before the expiration of three years from the end of the chargeable period in which the grant, payment or repayment in question was made.

(10) Any expenditure incurred for the purposes of a trade by a person about to carry it on shall, for the purpose only of determining the chargeable period for which an allowance may be made in respect of that expenditure under subsection (1) above, be treated as if it had been incurred by that person on the first day on which he does carry it on F4 . . ..

[F5 (11) This section shall have effect subject to section 17A.]

Textual Amendments

F1 S. 1(1A) inserted (for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 06.04.1990) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 59, Sch. 14, Pt. I, para. 1.

F2 Words in s. 1(2) inserted by Finance Act 1990 (c. 29), s. 88, Sch. 13 para. 1(1)(3)

F3 Words in s. 1(5) repealed by Finance Act 1990 (c. 29), ss. 103, 132, Sch. 17 para. 2, Sch. 19 Pt. V, Note 6

F4 Words in s. 1(10) repealed (16.7.1992) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), ss. 70, 82, Sch. 13 paras. 3, 14, Sch. 18 Pt.VII(9).

F5 S. 1(11) inserted (16.7.1992) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 70, Sch. 13 para.11

Marginal Citations

M1 1968 c. 73.

M2 1984 c. 32.

2 Transitional relief for regional projects. U.K.

(1) In relation to expenditure to which this section applies, section 1 shall have effect subject to the following modifications, that is to say—

(a) in subsection (1), paragraph (b) shall be omitted and for the reference to 100 per cent. there shall be substituted a reference to 75 per cent; F6 . . .

F7 [(aa) in subsection (1A)—

(i) for the words “paragraphs (a) and (b)" there shall be substituted the words “paragraph (a)"; and

(ii) paragraph (b) shall be omitted; and]

(b) subsection (2) shall be omitted.

(2) This section applies to so much of any expenditure as is certified by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this section to be expenditure which, in his opinion, qualifies for a regional development grant or a grant under Part IV of the relevant Order and consists of the payment of sums on a project—

(a) either in an area which on 13th March 1984 was a development area, within the meaning of the M3 Industrial Development Act 1982, or in Northern Ireland; and

(b) in respect of which a written offer of financial assistance under section 7 or 8 of that Act was made on behalf of the Secretary of State in the period beginning on 1st April 1980 and ending on 13th March 1984 or in respect of which a written offer of financial assistance was made in that period by the Highlands and Islands Development Board.

(3) This section also applies to so much of any expenditure as is certified by the Department of Economic Development in Northern Ireland for the purposes of this section to be expenditure which, in the opinion of that Department, qualifies for a grant under Part IV of the relevant Order and consists of the payment of sums on a project—

(a) in Northern Ireland; and

(b) in respect of which a written offer of financial assistance under Article 7 or 8 of the relevant Order was made on behalf of a Department of the Government of Northern Ireland, in the period beginning on 1st April 1980 and ending on 13th March 1984 or in respect of which a written offer of financial assistance was made in that period by the Local Enterprise Development Unit.

F8 [(3A) This section also applies to any additional VAT liability incurred in respect of expenditure certified under subsection (2) or (3) above.]

(4) In this section—

• “regional development grant” means a grant under Part II of the Industrial Development Act 1982;

• “the relevant Order” means the M4 Industrial Development (Northern Ireland) Order 1982;

and any reference to a particular provision of that Act or Order includes a reference to the corresponding provision of any Act or Order which was in force before and repealed by the Industrial Development Act 1982 or the Industrial Development (Northern Ireland) Order 1982.

Textual Amendments

F6 Word at end of s. 2(1)(a) repealed (for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 06.04.1990) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 123, Sch. 19 Pt.V Note 11.

F7 S. 2(1)(aa) inserted (for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 06.04.1990) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 59, Sch. 14 Pt. I para. 2(1).

F8 S. 2(3A) inserted (for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 06.04.1990) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 59, Sch. 14 Pt. I para. 2(2).

Marginal Citations

M3 1982 c. 52.

M4 S.I. 1982/1083 (N.I.15).

[2A F9 Initial allowances: contracts entered into between October 1992 and November 1993. U.K.

(1) In relation to expenditure to which this section applies, section 1 shall have effect with the following modifications, that is to say—

(a) so much of that section as relates to the requirement that the site in question is at a material time in an enterprise zone, namely—

(i) paragraph (b) of subsection (1) and the reference to that paragraph in subsection (1A);

(ii) paragraph (b) of subsection (1A); and

(iii) subsection (11),

shall be omitted;

(b) for the reference in subsection (1) to 100 per cent. there shall be substituted a reference to 20 per cent.; and

(c) subsection (2) shall have effect with the omission of the words “and to a commercial building or structure".

(2) No initial allowance shall be made under this section in respect of any expenditure on the construction of a building or structure unless it is or is to be first used on or before 31st December 1994; and in a case where—

(a) an initial allowance is granted under this section in respect of any expenditure on the construction of a building or structure; and

(b) by the end of that day that building or structure has not come to be used,

that allowance shall be withdrawn and all such assessments and adjustments of assessments to tax shall be made as may be necessary in consequence of its being withdrawn.

(3) Subject to subsection (5) below, this section applies to any capital expenditure incurred under a contract which—

(a) is entered into either—

(i) in the period beginning with 1st November 1992 and ending with 31st October 1993; or

(ii) for the purpose of securing that obligations under a contract entered into in that period are complied with;

but

(b) is not entered into for the purpose of securing that obligations under a contract entered into before the beginning of that period are complied with.

(4) Subject to subsection (5) below, this section also applies to any additional VAT liability incurred in respect of expenditure falling within subsection (3) above.

(5) This section does not apply to—

(a) any expenditure incurred, or incurred under a contract entered into, at a time when the site of the building or structure is in an enterprise zone, being a time not more than 10 years after the site was first included in the zone;

(b) expenditure falling in relation to expenditure so incurred within section 1(1A); or

(c) expenditure to which section 2 applies.

(6) Subsection (5) above shall have effect subject to sections 10C and 17A.]

Textual Amendments

F9 S. 2A inserted (27.7.1993 with effect as mentioned in s. 113(7) of the amending Act) by 1993 c. 34, s. 113(1)(7)

Chapter II U.K. Writing-down Allowances, Balancing Allowances and Balancing Charges

3 Writing-down allowances. U.K.

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, where—

(a) any person is, at the end of a chargeable period F10 ... , entitled to an interest in a building or structure, and

(b) at the end of that chargeable period F10 ... , the building or structure is an industrial building or structure, and

(c) that interest is the relevant interest in relation to the capital expenditure incurred on the construction of that building or structure,

an allowance (“a writing-down allowance”) shall be made to him for that chargeable period.

(2) The writing-down allowance shall be equal to one-twentyfifth or, where the expenditure was incurred before 6th November 1962, one-fiftieth of the expenditure mentioned in subsection (1)(c) above, except that for a chargeable period of less [F11 or more] than a year that fraction of one-twentyfifth or one-fiftieth shall be proportionately reduced [F11 or increased].

F12 [(2A) Where the person entitled to the relevant interest in relation to any capital expenditure incurred on the construction of a building or structure incurs an additional VAT liability in respect of any of that capital expenditure, then—

(a) that liability shall be regarded for the purposes of this Act as capital expenditure incurred by him on the construction of the building or structure, and

(b) the residue (as defined in section 8(1)) of the expenditure incurred on the construction of the building shall accordingly be deemed for the purposes of this Part to be increased as at the time at which the liability is incurred by an amount equal to the liability.

(2B) Where an additional VAT liability is incurred as mentioned in subsection (2A) above, then (subject to any further adjustment under this subsection on any later such event or under subsection (2C) or (3) below) the writing-down allowance for any chargeable period, if that chargeable period F10 ... ends after the time at which the liability is incurred, shall be the residue of the capital expenditure immediately after the incurring of the liability, reduced in the proportion (if it is less than one) which the length of the chargeable period bears to the part unexpired, at the date of the incurring of the liability, of the period of 25 years beginning with the time when the building or structure was first used.

(2C) In any case where—

(a) an additional VAT rebate in respect of any capital expenditure incurred on the construction of a building or structure is made to the person entitled to the relevant interest in relation to that expenditure, and

(b) the residue of that expenditure immediately before the making of the rebate is not less than the amount of the rebate,

then (subject to any further adjustment under this subsection on any later such event or under subsection (2B) above or (3) below) the writing-down allowance for any chargeable period, if that chargeable period F10 ... ends after the time at which the rebate is made, shall be the residue of that expenditure immediately after the making of the rebate, reduced in the proportion (if it is less than one) which the length of the chargeable period bears to the part unexpired, at the date of the making of the rebate, of the period of 25 years beginning with the time when the building or structure was first used.]

(3) Where the interest in a building or structure which is the relevant interest in relation to any expenditure is sold and the sale is an event to which section 4(1) applies, then (subject to any further adjustment under this subsection on a later sale [F13 or under subsection (2B) or (2C) above]) the writing-down allowance for any chargeable period, if that chargeable period F10 ... ends after the time of the sale, shall be the residue F14 . . . of that expenditure immediately after the sale, reduced in the proportion (if it is less than one) which the length of the chargeable period bears to the part unexpired at the date of the sale of the period of 25 years or, where the expenditure was incurred before 6th November 1962, 50 years beginning with the time when the building or structure was first used.

(4) Notwithstanding anything in subsections (1) to (3) above, in no case shall the amount of a writing-down allowance made to a person for any chargeable period in respect of any expenditure exceed what, apart from the writing off falling to be made by reason of the making of that allowance, would be the residue of that expenditure at the end of that chargeable period F10 ... .

F15 [(5) For the purposes of this section, a person entitled to [F16 a highway concession] in respect of a road shall be treated as having an interest in the road.]

Textual Amendments

F10 Words in Act repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 211(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 213(1), Sch. 26 Pt. 5(24)

F11 Words in s. 3(2) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 211(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 213(2)

F12 S. 3(2A)-(2C) inserted (for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 06.04.1990) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 59, Sch. 14 Pt. I para. 3(1).

F13 Words in s. 3(3) inserted (for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 06.04.1990) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 59, Sch. 14 Pt. I para. 3(2).

F14 Words in s. 3(3) repealed (for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 06.04.1990) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 123, Sch. 19 Pt.V Note 11.

F15 S. 3(5) inserted (for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 06.04.1991) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 60(3)(10).

F16 Words in s. 3(5) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 99(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 99(2)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C3 S. 3: power to modify conferred (8.11.1995) by Atomic Energy Authority Act 1995 (c. 37), Sch. 3 para. 15

4 Balancing allowances and balancing charges. U.K.

(1) Subject to section 5, where any capital expenditure has been incurred on the construction of a building or structure, and any of the following events occurs while the building is an industrial building or structure or after it has ceased to be one, that is to say—

(a) the relevant interest in the building or structure is sold, or

(b) that interest, being an interest depending on the duration of a foreign concession, comes to an end on the coming to an end of that concession, or

(c) that interest, being a leasehold interest, comes to an end otherwise than on the person entitled thereto acquiring the interest which is reversionary thereon, or

(d) the building or structure is demolished or destroyed or, without being demolished or destroyed, ceases altogether to be used,[F17 or

[F18 (da) that interest, being a highway concession, is brought to or comes to an end, or]

[F19 (dd) any capital value is realised (within the meaning of section 4A), or]

(e) an additional VAT rebate in respect of any of the capital expenditure is made to the person entitled to the relevant interest,]

an allowance or charge (“a balancing allowance" or “a balancing charge") shall, in the circumstances mentioned in this section and subject to [F20 subsections (2) and (9A)] below, be made to, or, as the case may be, on, the person entitled to the relevant interest immediately before that event occurs, for the chargeable period related to that event.

(2) No balancing allowance or balancing charge shall be made by reason of any event occurring more than 25 years (or, where the expenditure was incurred before 6th November 1962, 50 years) after the building or structure was first used and where two or more events [F21 falling within paragraphs (a) to (d) of subsection (1) above] occur during a period when the building or structure is not an industrial building or structure no balancing allowance or balancing charge shall be made on the occurrence of any of those events except the first.

[F22 (2AA) No balancing allowance or balancing charge shall be made by reason of an event falling within paragraph (da) of subsection (1) above if the period for which the concession was granted is deemed for the purposes of this subsection to be extended to include any period after the end of the concession; and for the purposes of this subsection where in the case of any highway concession that period is or is deemed to be different in relation to different parts of the road in respect of which it has been granted such apportionment shall be made for the purposes of this subsection as may be just and reasonable.

(2AB) Where a highway concession in respect of any road (“the prior concession”) is brought to or comes to an end in circumstances in which—

(a) the person entitled to that concession is afforded (whether or not in pursuance of any legally enforceable arrangements), and takes advantage of, an opportunity to be granted a renewal of the concession, on the same or modified terms, in respect of the whole or any part of that road, or

(b) that person, or a person who is connected with that person within the terms of section 839 of the principal Act, is so afforded, and takes advantage of, an opportunity to be granted a new concession, on the same or modified terms, in respect of, or of a road that includes, the whole or any part of that road,

then to the extent that the prior concession and the renewed or new concession relate to the same road, the period of the prior concession shall be deemed, for the purposes of subsection (2AA) above, to have been extended or further extended for the period of the renewed or new concession and any question for the purposes of this Part as to what constitutes the relevant interest at any time after the renewal, or (as the case may be) the grant of the new concession, shall be determined on the assumption that the renewed or new concession is a continuation of the prior concession.]

F23 [(2A) No balancing allowance shall be made by reason of an event falling within paragraph (e) of subsection (1) above; and no balancing charge shall be made by reason of such an event unless—

(a) the amount of the additional VAT rebate exceeds the residue of expenditure immediately before the making of that rebate, or

(b) there is no such residue,

and in any such case a balancing charge shall be made on an amount equal to that by which the rebate exceeds the residue of expenditure immediately before the making of the rebate or, where there is no such residue, to the amount of the rebate.]

(3) Where there are no sale, insurance, salvage or compensation moneys, or where the residue of the expenditure immediately before the event exceeds those moneys, a balancing allowance shall be made the amount of which shall be the amount of that residue or, as the case may be, of the excess of the residue over those moneys.

(4) If the sale, insurance, salvage or compensation moneys exceed the residue, if any, of the expenditure immediately before the event, a balancing charge shall be made, and the amount on which it is made shall be an amount equal to the excess or, where the residue is nil, to those moneys.

(5) If for any part of the relevant period the building or structure was neither an industrial building or structure nor used for scientific research, subsections (6) to (9) below shall have effect instead of subsections (3) and (4) above.

(6) Subject to subsection (8) below, where the sale, insurance, salvage or compensation moneys are not less than the capital expenditure, a balancing charge shall be made and the amount on which it is made shall be an amount equal to the allowances given.

(7) Subject to subsection (8) below, where there are no sale, insurance, salvage or compensation moneys or where those moneys are less than the capital expenditure, then—

(a) if the adjusted net cost of the building or structure exceeds the allowances given, a balancing allowance shall be made the amount of which shall be an amount equal to the excess;

(b) if the adjusted net cost of the building or structure is less than the allowances given, a balancing charge shall be made and the amount on which it is made shall be an amount equal to the shortfall.

(8) No balancing charge or allowance shall be made under subsection (6) or (7) above on the occasion of a sale if by virtue of section 158 the building or structure is treated as having been sold for a sum equal to the residue of the expenditure on its construction immediately before the sale.

(9) In subsections (5) to (7) above and this subsection—

• “the relevant period” means the period beginning at the time when the building or structure was first used for any purpose and ending with the event giving rise to the balancing allowance or balancing charge except that where there has been a sale of the building or structure after that time and before that event the relevant period shall begin on the day following that sale or, if there has been more than one such sale, the last such sale;

• “the capital expenditure” means—

  (a)

  where paragraph (b) of this definition does not apply, the capital expenditure incurred (or by virtue of section 10(1) [F24 10A [F25 10B or 10C]]deemed to have been occurred) on the construction of the building or structure [F26 reduced by an amount equal to that of any balancing charge made in relation to that expenditure on the occurrence of an event falling within subsection (1)(e) above;]

  (b)

  where the person to or on whom the balancing allowance or charge falls to be made is not the person who incurred (or is deemed to have incurred) that expenditure, the residue of that expenditure at the beginning of the relevant period,

  together (in either case) with any amount to be added to the residue of that expenditure by virtue of section 8(12);

• “the allowances given” means the allowances referred to in subsection (10) below;

• “the adjusted net cost” means—

  (a)

  where there are no sale, insurance, salvage or compensation moneys, the capital expenditure;

  (b)

  where those moneys are less than that expenditure, the amount by which they are less,

  reduced (in either case) in the proportion that the part, or the aggregate of the parts, of the relevant period for which the building or structure was an industrial building or structure or used for scientific research bears to the whole of that period;

• “scientific research” has the same meaning as in Part VII.

[F27 (9A) No balancing allowance shall be made by reason of any event falling within subsection (1)(dd) above; and (subject to that) in relation to such an event—

(a) this Part and (so far as relating to it) Part VIII shall have effect as if references to sale, insurance, salvage or compensation moneys were references to the capital value realised, and

(b) subsections (5) to (7) and (9) above shall have effect as if immediately after the event the capital expenditure were reduced by the amount of the capital value realised]

(10) Notwithstanding anything in subsections (1) to (9) above, in no case shall the amount on which a balancing charge is made on a person in respect of any expenditure on the construction of a building or structure exceed the amount of the initial allowance, if any, made to him in respect of that expenditure together with the amount of any writing-down allowances or scientific research allowances in respect of that expenditure, and any relevant mills, factories or exceptional depreciation allowances in respect of that building or structure, made to him for chargeable periods which end on or before the date of the event giving rise to the charge F10 ... [F28 reduced by the amounts (if any) on which balancing charges in respect of the expenditure have been made on him for any such chargeable periods].

(11) Where—

(a) before 6th April 1990, a woman was entitled to the relevant interest in relation to expenditure incurred on the construction of a building or structure (whether she was entitled to it when the expenditure was incurred or acquired it afterwards);

(b) for a chargeable period ending before that date, an allowance such as is mentioned in subsection (10) above was made to the woman’s husband in respect of her relevant interest; and

(c) on or after that date there occurs an event such as is mentioned in subsection (1) above in respect of which the woman is entitled to all or part of any sale, insurance, salvage or compensation moneys,

the allowance shall be treated for the purposes of subsection (10) above as having been made to the woman.

(12) In subsection (10) above “relevant mills, factories or exceptional depreciation allowances”, in relation to any building or structure, means —

(a) any allowance granted for a year of assessment under section 15 of the M5 Finance Act 1937 in respect of it or premises of which it forms part, including any amount which under that section was to be allowed as a deduction in computing profits or gains for that year of assessment, (but where such an allowance was granted in respect of premises which include several buildings or structures, the whole amount of that allowance shall be apportioned between all the buildings and structures and only that part of the allowance which is apportioned to the building or structure in question shall be taken into account), and

(b) any allowance made under section 19 of the M6 Finance Act 1941 in respect of that building or so much of any such allowance granted in respect of any building of which it forms part as is properly attributable to it.

Textual Amendments

F10 Words in Act repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 211(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 213(1), Sch. 26 Pt. 5(24)

F17 S. 4(1)(e) and word preceding it inserted (for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 06.04.1990) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 59 Sch. 14 Pt. I para. 4(1).

F18 S. 4(1)(da) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 99(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 99(3)

F19 S. 4(1)(dd) inserted (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 120(2)(a) (with s. 120(7))

F20 Words in s. 4(1) substituted (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 120(2)(a) (with s. 120(7))

F21 Words in s. 4(2) inserted(for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 06.04.1990) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 59, Sch. 14 Pt. I para. 4(2).

F22 S. 4(2AA)(2AB) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 99(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 99(4)

F23 S. 4(2A) inserted(for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 06.04.1990) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 59, Sch. 14 Pt. I para. 4(3).

F24 Words in s. 4(9) inserted (16.7.1992) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 70, Sch. 13 paras 13, 17

F25 Words in s. 4(9)(a) definition of the “capital expenditure” substituted (27.7.1993 with effect as mentioned in s. 113(7) of the amending Act) by 1993 c. 34, s. 113(2)(7)

F26 Words in s. 4(9) added (for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 06.04.1990) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 59, Sch. 14 Pt. I para. 4(4).

F27 S. 4(9A) inserted (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 120(2)(b) (with s. 120(7))

F28 Words in s. 4(10) added (for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 06.04.1990) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 59, Sch. 14 Pt. I para. 4(5).

Marginal Citations

M5 1937 c. 54.

M6 1941 c. 30.

[F29 4A Realisation of capital value. U.K.

(1) Where any capital expenditure has been incurred on the construction of a building or structure and, while the building or structure is an industrial building or structure or after it has ceased to be one—

(a) an amount of capital value is paid which is attributable to an interest in land (the “subordinate interest”) to which the relevant interest in the building or structure is or will be subject, and

(b) the payment is made not more than seven years after the agreement relating to the capital expenditure was entered into or (if the agreement was conditional) the time when the agreement became unconditional,

capital value of that amount is realised for the purposes of this Part on making the payment.

(2) For the purposes of this section, capital value is attributable to the subordinate interest if—

(a) it is paid in consideration of the grant of the subordinate interest,

(b) it is paid in lieu of any rent payable by the person entitled to the subordinate interest or paid in consideration of the assignment of such rent, or

(c) it is paid in consideration of the surrender of the subordinate interest or the variation or waiver of any of the terms on which it was granted.

(3) For the purposes of this section, “capital value”—

(a) means any capital sum and includes what would have been a capital sum if it had taken the form of a money payment, and “payment” and “paid” shall be interpreted accordingly, but

(b) does not include so much of any sum as corresponds to any amount of rent or profits falling to be computed by reference to that sum under section 34 of the principal Act (premium, etc. treated as rent or Schedule D profits).

(4) Where—

(a) no premium is given in consideration of the grant of the subordinate interest or any premium given is less than the amount which would have been given by way of premium if the transaction had been at arm’s length, and

(b) no commercial rent is payable in respect of the subordinate interest,

subsection (2) above shall have effect as if the amount referred to in paragraph (a) above (and not any premium actually given) were paid on and in consideration of the grant of the interest.

(5) Where—

(a) any rent payable in respect of the subordinate interest is assigned, the subordinate interest is surrendered or any of the terms on which the subordinate interest was granted are varied or waived, but

(b) no value is given in consideration of the event concerned, or any value given in consideration of the event concerned is less than the amount that would have been given if the transaction had been at arm’s length,

subsection (2) above shall have effect as if that amount (and not any value actually given) were paid on and in consideration of the event concerned.

(6) Where any value given in lieu of any rent payable by the person entitled to the subordinate interest is less than the amount that would have been given if the transaction had been at arm’s length, subsection (2) above shall have effect as if that amount (and not any value actually given) had been paid.

(7) This section shall apply with the omission of subsection (1)(b) above in any case where—

(a) arrangements under which the person entitled to the relevant interest acquired it include provision in respect of the subsequent sale of the relevant interest, the subsequent grant out of the relevant interest of an interest in land or any other event on which capital value attributable to the subordinate interest would be, or be treated as, paid, and

(b) either the provision concerned requires such a sale, grant or other event to occur or such a sale, grant or other event is substantially more likely to occur than if the provision had not been made;

and the reference to arrangements in paragraph (a) above includes any arrangements made in connection with the acquisition of the relevant interest.

(8) This section does not apply to the grant of any interest in land to which an election under section 11 applies.

(9) In this section “interest in land” means—

(a) a leasehold estate in the land (whether in the nature of a head-lease, sub-lease or under-lease),

(b) an easement or servitude, and

(c) a licence to occupy land;

and references to granting an interest in land include agreeing to grant any interest falling within paragraphs (a) to (c) above.

(10) In this section “commercial rent” means such rent as may reasonably be expected to have been required in respect of the subordinate interest (having regard to any premium given in consideration of the grant of the interest) if the transaction had been at arm’s length.

(11) For the purposes of this section, where—

(a) an agreement is made to pay in respect of any event an amount of capital value which would be attributable to the subordinate interest, and

(b) the agreement is made or (if the agreement is conditional) becomes unconditional before the expiry of the period of seven years referred to in subsection (1)(b) above, but the event occurs, or any payment in consideration of the event is made, afterwards,

the event or payment shall be treated as occurring or made before the expiry of the period.

(12) For the purposes of this section, an agreement relates to any capital expenditure referred to in subsection (1) above if—

(a) it is the agreement under which the expenditure was incurred, or

(b) where the expenditure is deemed for the purposes of sections 1 to 8 to have been incurred by a person who acquired the relevant interest, it is the agreement under which he acquired the relevant interest.

(13) In the application of this section to Scotland—

(a) references to assignment shall be read as references to assignation, and

(b) references to a leasehold estate in land shall be read as references to a lease of land.]

Textual Amendments

F29 S. 4A inserted (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 120(3) (with s. 120(7))

5 Restriction of balancing allowances on sale of industrial buildings or structures. U.K.

(1) This section has effect where—

(a) the relevant interest in a building or structure is sold subject to a subordinate interest; and

(b) a balancing allowance would, apart from this section, fall to be made to the person who is entitled to the relevant interest immediately before the sale (“the relevant person") under section 4 by virtue of the sale; and

(c) either—

(i) the relevant person, the person to whom the relevant interest is sold and the grantee of the subordinate interest, or any two of them, are connected with each other within the terms of section 839 of the principal Act, or

(ii) it appears with respect to the sale or the grant of the subordinate interest, or with respect to transactions including the sale or grant, that the sole or main benefit which, but for this section, might have been expected to accrue to the parties or any of them was the obtaining of an allowance under this Part.

(2) For the purposes of section 4 the net proceeds to the relevant person of the sale—

(a) shall be taken to be increased by an amount equal to any premium receivable by him for the grant of the subordinate interest; and

(b) where no rent, or no commercial rent, is payable in respect of the subordinate interest, shall be taken to be what those proceeds would have been if a commercial rent had been payable and the relevant interest had been sold in the open market (increased by any amount to be added under paragraph (a) above),

but the net proceeds of sale shall not by virtue of this subsection be taken to be greater than such amount as will secure that no balancing allowance falls to be made.

[F30 (2A) Where the net proceeds to the relevant person of the sale fall to be increased or determined under subsection (2) above, those proceeds as so increased or determined shall be taken to be reduced by the amount of any capital value realised before the sale]

(3) Where subsection (2) above operates in relation to a sale to deny or reduce a balancing allowance in respect of any expenditure, the residue of that expenditure immediately after the sale shall be calculated for the purposes of this Part as if that balancing allowance had been made or, as the case may be, had not been reduced.

(4) In this section—

• “subordinate interest” means any interest in or right over the building or structure in question (whether granted by the relevant person or by somebody else);

• “premium” includes any capital consideration except so much of any sum as corresponds to any amount of rent or profits falling to be computed by reference to that sum under section 34 of the principal Act (premium treated as rent or Schedule D profits);

• “capital consideration” means consideration which consists of a capital sum or would be a capital sum if it had taken the form of a money payment;

• “rent” includes any consideration which is not capital consideration;

• “commercial rent” means such rent as may reasonably be expected to have been required in respect of the subordinate interest in question (having regard to any premium payable for the grant of the interest) if the transaction had been at arm’s length.

(5) Where the terms on which a subordinate interest is granted are varied before the sale of the relevant interest any capital consideration for the variation shall be treated for the purposes of this section as a premium for the grant of the interest, and the question whether any and, if so, what rent is payable in respect of the interest shall be determined by reference to the terms as in force immediately before the sale.

Textual Amendments

F30 S. 5(2A) inserted (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 120(4) (with s. 120(7))

6 Buildings and structures (including hotels) in enterprise zones. U.K.

(1) This Chapter and Chapter III—

(a) shall apply with the modifications specified below in relation to capital expenditure on the construction of an industrial building or structure; and

(b) shall, as so modified, apply also in relation to capital expenditure on the construction of a qualifying hotel or of a commercial building or structure as if it were an industrial building or structure,

in any case where the expenditure is incurred, or is incurred under a contract entered into, at a time when the site of the industrial building or structure, the qualifying hotel or the commercial building or structure is in an enterprise zone, being a time not more than 10 years after the site was first included in the zone.

(2) Section 3(2) shall have effect with the substitution for the references to one-twentyfifth of references to one-quarter.

(3) Section 7 shall not apply to expenditure to which this Chapter applies by virtue of this section.

(4) For the purposes of sections 3(1)(b), 4(1) [F31 4A(1)], 8(3), (4) and (7) and 15(1) and (2) a building or structure of any description (including a qualifying hotel) in relation to which this Chapter has effect in accordance with subsection (1) above shall be regarded as continuing to be, or to be used as, a building or structure of that description notwithstanding that it has become a building or structure of another such description.

[F32 (4A) This section shall have effect subject to section 17A.]

F33 (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F31 Word in s. 6(4) inserted (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 120(5) (with s. 120(7))

F32 S. 6(4A) inserted (16.7.1992) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 70, Sch. 13 para.12.

F33 S. 6(5) repealed (16.7.1992) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), ss. 70, 82, Sch. 13 paras. 4, 14, Sch. 18 Pt.VII(9).

7 Other hotels. U.K.

(1) Subject to the following provisions of this section, [F34 this Chapter and Chapter III as it applies for the purposes of this Chapter] shall apply in relation to a qualifying hotel as if it were an industrial building or structure, with the following modifications—

(a) where, after a building has ceased to be a qualifying hotel otherwise than on the occurrence of an event to which section 4(1) applies, a period of two years elapses in which it is not a qualifying hotel and without the occurrence of any such event, this Chapter and Chapter III shall have effect as if—

(i) the relevant interest in the building had been sold at the end of that period; and

(ii) the net proceeds of the sale were equal to the price which that interest would then have fetched if sold in the open market;

(b) references in this Chapter and Chapter III to expenditure on the construction of a building or structure shall not include references to expenditure incurred in taking any such steps as are mentioned in section 69.

(2) Subsection (1)(a) above has effect subject to section 15(1); but a building shall not by virtue of that section be deemed to continue to be a qualifying hotel for more than two years after the end of the chargeable period F10 ... in which it falls temporarily out of use.

(3) Subsection (1)(b) above shall not have effect in relation to any chargeable period F10 ... ending after 26th July 1989.

Textual Amendments

F10 Words in Act repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 211(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 213(1), Sch. 26 Pt. 5(24)

F34 Words substituted by Finance Act 1990 (c. 29), s. 88, Sch. 13 para. 1(2)(3)

Chapter III U.K. Provisions Supplementary to Chapters I and II

8 Writing off of expenditure and meaning of “residue of expenditure". U.K.

(1) Any expenditure incurred on the construction of any building or structure shall be treated for the purposes of this Part as written off to the extent and as at the times specified below in this section, and references in this Part to the residue of any such expenditure shall be construed accordingly.

F35 [(2) Where an initial allowance is made in respect of any of the expenditure, then—

(a) if that allowance is made in respect of an additional VAT liability incurred after the building or structure is first used, the amount of that allowance shall be treated as written off as at the time at which the liability is incurred; and

(b) in any other case, the amount of the allowance shall be treated as written off as at the time when the building or structure is first used.]

(3) Subject to subsection (4) below, where, by reason of the building or structure being at any time an industrial building or structure, a writing-down allowance is made for any chargeable period in respect of the expenditure, the amount of that allowance shall be treated as written off as at the end of that period F10 ... .

(4) Where, at the time referred to in subsection (3) above, an event occurs which gives rise or may give rise to a balancing allowance or balancing charge, the amount directed to be treated as written off by that subsection as at that time shall be taken into account in computing the residue of that expenditure immediately before that event for the purpose of determining whether any and if so what balancing allowance or balancing charge is to be made.

(5) Subject to subsection (6) below, where a scientific research allowance is made for any chargeable period in respect of the expenditure, the amount of that allowance shall be treated as written off—

(a) in the case of an allowance under section 137, as at the end of the chargeable period F36 ... and

(b) in the case of an allowance under section 138, as at the time when the asset [F37 ceases to belong to the person in question].

(6) Where, at the time as at which an amount falls to be treated as written off under subsection (5) above, an event occurs which gives rise or may give rise to a balancing allowance or balancing charge, the amount directed to be treated as written off by that subsection as at that time shall be taken into account in computing the residue of the expenditure immediately before that event for the purpose of determining whether any and if so what balancing allowance or balancing charge is to be made.

(7) If, for any period or periods between the time when the building or structure was first used for any purpose and the time at which the residue of the expenditure falls to be ascertained, the building or structure has not been in use as an industrial building or structure, then there shall in ascertaining that residue be treated as having been previously written off in respect of that period or those periods amounts equal to writing-down allowances made for chargeable periods of a total length equal thereto at such rate or rates as would have been appropriate having regard to any sale on which section 3(3) operated.

(8) For the purposes of subsection (7) above a building or structure shall not be treated—

(a) by virtue of section 18(1)(c) as having been an industrial building or structure before the year 1952-53,

(b) by virtue of section 18(1)(j) or (10) as having been an industrial building or structure before the year 1953-54.

(9) Where, on the occasion of a sale, a balancing allowance is made in respect of the expenditure, there shall be treated as written off as at the time of the sale the amount by which the expenditure before the sale exceeds the net proceeds of the sale.

(10) Where, on the occasion of a sale, a balancing charge is made in respect of the expenditure, the residue of the expenditure shall be deemed for the purposes of this Part to be increased as at the time of the sale by the amount on which the charge is made.

(11) Where, on the occasion of a sale, a balancing charge is made under section 4(7)(b) in respect of the expenditure and, apart from this subsection, the residue of the expenditure immediately after the sale would by virtue of subsection (10) above be deemed to be greater than the net proceeds of the sale, the residue immediately after the sale shall be deemed for the purposes of this Part to be equal to the net proceeds.

(12) Where a building or structure is demolished, and the demolition gives rise, or might give rise, to a balancing allowance or charge under this Part to or on the person incurring the cost of demolition, the net cost to him of the demolition (that is to say, the excess, if any, of the cost of the demolition over any moneys received for the remains of the property) shall be added for the purposes of this Part to the residue, immediately before the demolition, of the expenditure incurred on the construction of the property; and if this subsection applies to the net cost to a person of the demolition of any property, the cost or net cost shall not be treated for the purposes of this Act (other than Part III) as expenditure incurred in respect of any other property by which that property is replaced.

F38 [(12A) Where an additional VAT rebate is made in respect of any of the expenditure, there shall be treated as written off as at the time at which the rebate is made an amount equal to the rebate.]

[F39 (12B) Where any event occurs to which section 4(1)(dd) applies, there shall be treated as written off as at the time of the event an amount equal to the capital value realised].

(13) Where the Crown is at any time entitled to the relevant interest in a building or structure, subsections (1) to [F40 (12B)] above shall have effect as if all such writing-down allowances, balancing allowances and balancing charges had been made as could have been made if—

(a) a person other than the Crown and other than a company had been entitled to the relevant interest, and

(b) all things which, while the Crown is entitled to the relevant interest, have been done in relation to the building or structure by or to the Crown or by or to any person using the building or structure under the authority of the Crown, had been done by or to that other person, for the purposes of and in the course of a trade carried on by him, and

(c) any sale or other disposition by or on behalf of the Crown of the relevant interest in the building or structure had been made in connection with the termination of that trade, and

[F41 (d) the periods of account of that other person in respect of that trade had, in the case of each year of assessment, ended immediately before the beginning of the next following year of assessment.]

(14) In relation to sales occurring after the passing of the M7 Finance Act 1988 (29th July 1988), references in subsection (13) above to the Crown shall include references to any person who is not within the charge to tax in the United Kingdom.

Textual Amendments

F10 Words in Act repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 211(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 213(1), Sch. 26 Pt. 5(24)

F35 S. 8(2) substituted (for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 06.04.1990) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 59, Sch. 14 Pt. I para. 5(1).

F36 Words in s. 8(5)(a) repealed (with effect in accordance with ss. 211(2), 218(1)(b) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 213(3)(a), Sch. 26 Pt. V(24)

F37 Words in s. 8(5)(b) substituted by Finance Act 1990 (c. 29), s. 88, Sch. 13 para. 2(1)(2)

F38 S. 8(12A) inserted (for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 06.04.1990) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 59, Sch. 14 Pt. I para. 5(2).

F39 S. 8(12B) inserted (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 120(6)(a) (with s. 120(7))

F40 Word in s. 8(13) substituted (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 120(6)(b) (with s. 120(7))

F41 S. 8(13)(d) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 211(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 213(3)(b)

Marginal Citations

M7 1988 c. 39.

[F42 9 Manner of making allowances and charges. U.K.

(1) An allowance or charge to which a person is entitled or is liable under this Part is made in taxing that person’s trade.

What is meant by that is explained—

• for income tax, in section 140(2), and

• for corporation tax, in section 144(2).

(2) If the interest of that person in the building or structure is subject to a lease at the relevant time, subsection (1) and the provisions referred to in it have effect—

(a) as if any Schedule A business carried on by that person at any time in the chargeable period for which the allowance or charge is made were the trade in the taxing of which the allowance or charge is to be made;

(b) where that person is not carrying on such a business at any time in that period, as if he were carrying on such a business and the business were the trade in the taxing of which the allowance or charge is to be made.

(3) The “relevant time” for the purposes of subsection (2) is—

(a) in relation to an initial allowance, the time when the expenditure is incurred or any subsequent time before the building or structure is used for any purpose;

(b) in relation to a writing-down allowance, the end of the chargeable period for which the allowance is made;

(c) in relation to a balancing allowance or charge, the time immediately before the event giving rise to the allowance or charge.

(4) This section applies where the building or structure in question is used by a licensee of the person entitled to the relevant interest as if that interest were subject to a lease.]

Textual Amendments

F42 S. 9 substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 38(2)(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1998 (c. 36), s. 38(2)(3), Sch. 5 para. 47 (with Sch. 5 Pt. 4)

10 Purchases of buildings and structures. U.K.

(1) [F43 Subject to subsection (3A) below,] where expenditure is incurred on the construction of a building or structure and, before that building or structure is used, the relevant interest in it is sold—

(a) the expenditure actually incurred on the construction of the building or structure shall be left out of account for the purposes of sections 1 to 8, but

(b) subject to subsection (2) below, the person who buys that interest shall be deemed for those purposes to have incurred, on the date when the purchase price becomes payable, expenditure on the construction of the building or structure equal to that actual expenditure or to the net price paid by him for that interest, whichever is the less.

[F44 (1A) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (b) of subsection (1) above, in the case of a building or structure the site of which is or has been in an enterprise zone, any expenditure which a person is deemed to have incurred by virtue of that paragraph shall be treated for the purpose only of determining entitlement to allowances as not incurred, and not incurred under a contract entered into, at a time when the site of the building or structure is in an enterprise zone.]

(2) Where the relevant interest in the building or structure is sold more than once before the building or structure is used, paragraph (b) of subsection (1) above shall have effect only in relation to the last of those sales.

(3) Where the expenditure incurred on the construction of a building or structure was incurred by a person carrying on a trade which consists, in whole or in part, in the construction of buildings or structures with a view to their sale, and, before the building or structure is used, he sells the relevant interest in it in the course of that trade, or, as the case may be, of that part of that trade, paragraph (b) of subsection (1) above shall have effect subject to the following modifications, that is to say—

(a) if that sale is the only sale of the relevant interest before the building or structure is used, paragraph (b) shall have effect as if the words “that actual expenditure or to" and “whichever is the less" were omitted; and

(b) in any other case, paragraph (b) shall have effect as if the reference to the expenditure actually incurred on the construction of the building or structure were a reference to the price paid on that sale.

[F45 (3A) Subsections (1) to (3) above shall not apply [F46 for the purpose of determining whether any expenditure is expenditure to which section 2A applies or]in any case where section 10A [F46 or 10C] applies.]

(4) [F47 Subject to section 10B,] subsection (5) below applies where—

(a) expenditure is incurred on the construction of a building or structure by a person carrying on a trade which consists, in whole or in part, in the construction of buildings or structures with a view to their sale, and

(b) after the building or structure has been used, he sells the relevant interest in it in the course of that trade or, as the case may be, of that part of that trade, and

(c) the purchase price payable on the sale becomes payable on or after 27th July 1989.

(5) Where this subsection applies, this Part shall have effect in relation to the person who buys the interest as if—

(a) the original expenditure had been capital expenditure,

(b) all appropriate writing-down allowances had been made to the person incurring it, and

(c) all appropriate balancing allowances or charges had been made on the occasion of the sale.

Textual Amendments

F43 Words in s. 10(1) inserted (16.7.1992) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 70, Sch. 13 paras. 5, 14.

F44 S. 10(1A) inserted (16.7.1992) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 70, Sch. 13 paras. 6, 14.

F45 S. 10(3A) inserted (16.7.1992) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 70, Sch. 13 paras. 7, 14.

F46 Words in s. 10(3A) inserted (27.7.1993 with effect as mentioned in s. 113(7) of the amending Act) by 1993 c. 34, s. 113(3)(7)

F47 Words in s. 10(4) inserted (16.7.1992) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 70, Sch. 13 paras. 9, 14.

F48 [10A Purchases of buildings and structures: special provision for enterprise zones. U.K.

(1) This section shall apply where—

(a) expenditure is incurred on the construction of a building or structure (actual expenditure);

(b) some or all of that expenditure is incurred, or is incurred under a contract entered into, at a time when the site of the building or structure is in an enterprise zone, being a time not more than 10 years after the site was first included in the zone; and

(c) before the building or structure is used, the relevant interest in it is sold.

(2) Where this section applies—

(a) the actual expenditure shall be left out of account for the purposes of sections 1 to 8, but

(b) subject to subsection (8) below, the person who buys the relevant interest shall be deemed for those purposes to have incurred, on the date when the purchase price becomes payable, expenditure on the construction of the building or structure (deemed expenditure) equal to the actual expenditure or to the net price paid by him for that interest, whichever is the less.

(3) The deemed expenditure shall be regarded as comprising an enterprise zone element and a non-enterprise zone element.

(4) The enterprise zone element of the deemed expenditure shall be calculated in accordance with the formula—

(5) In subsection (4) above—

• A is the deemed expenditure;

• B is the expenditure falling within subsection (1)(b) above; and

• C is the actual expenditure.

(6) The non-enterprise zone element of the deemed expenditure shall be so much (if any) of the deemed expenditure as does not comprise the enterprise zone element.

(7) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2)(b) above—

(a) the enterprise zone element of the deemed expenditure shall be treated for the purpose only of determining entitlement to allowances as incurred at a time when the site of the building or structure is in an enterprise zone, being a time not more than 10 years after the site was first included in the zone; and

(b) the non-enterprise zone element of the deemed expenditure shall be treated for that purpose as not incurred, and not incurred under a contract entered into, at such a time.

(8) Where the relevant interest in the building or structure is sold more than once before the building or structure is used, subsection (2)(b) above shall have effect only in relation to the last of those sales.

(9) Where the actual expenditure was incurred by a person carrying on a trade which consists, in whole or in part, in the construction of buildings or structures with a view to their sale and, before the building or structure is used, he sells the relevant interest in it in the course of that trade or, as the case may be, of that part of that trade, then—

(a) if that sale is the only sale of the relevant interest before the building or structure is used, paragraph (b) of subsection (2) above shall have effect as if the words “the actual expenditure or to" and “whichever is the less" were omitted; and

(b) in any other case, that paragraph shall have effect as if the reference to the actual expenditure were a reference to the price paid on that sale.

(10) This section shall have effect subject to section 17A.]

Textual Amendments

F48 S. 10A inserted (16.7.1992) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 70, Sch. 13 paras.2, 14.

F49 [10B Purchases of buildings and structures in enterprise zones within two years of use. U.K.

(1) Without prejudice to section 10A, this section shall apply where—

(a) expenditure is incurred on the construction of a building or structure (actual expenditure);

(b) some or all of that expenditure is incurred, or is incurred under a contract entered into, at a time when the site of the building or structure is in an enterprise zone, being a time not more than 10 years after the site was first included in the zone;

(c) whether or not there were any sales of the relevant interest in the building or structure before it was used, that interest is sold after the building or structure has been used but before the expiry of the period of two years beginning with the date on which the building or structure was first used; and

(d) that sale is the first such sale in that period.

(2) Where this section applies—

(a) any balancing allowance or charge which falls to be made on the occasion of the sale shall be so made;

(b) the residue of expenditure immediately after the sale (if any) shall be left out of account for the purposes of this Part;

(c) the person who buys the relevant interest (the purchaser) shall be deemed for the purposes of sections 1 to 8 to have incurred, on the date when the purchase price becomes payable, expenditure on the construction of the building or structure (deemed expenditure) of an amount determined in accordance with the following provisions of this section; and

(d) in relation to the deemed expenditure, the building or structure shall be treated for the purposes of sections 1 to 8 as not having been used before the date of the sale.

(3) The deemed expenditure shall be regarded as comprising an enterprise zone element and a non-enterprise zone element and the amount of the deemed expenditure shall accordingly be the sum of the enterprise zone element and the non-enterprise zone element.

(4) The enterprise zone element of the deemed expenditure shall be calculated in accordance with the formula—

(5) In subsection (4) above—

• A is the actual expenditure or the net price paid by the purchaser for the relevant interest, whichever is the less;

• B is the expenditure falling within subsection (1)(b) above; and

• C is the actual expenditure.

(6) The non-enterprise zone element of the deemed expenditure shall be calculated in accordance with the formula—

(7) In subsection (6) above—

• A is the actual expenditure or the net price paid by the purchaser for the relevant interest, whichever is the less;

• B is the expenditure falling within subsection (1)(b) above; and

• C is the actual expenditure.

(8) Where the actual expenditure was incurred by a person carrying on a trade which consists, in whole or in part, in the construction of buildings or structures with a view to their sale and he sells the relevant interest in the building or structure in the course of that trade or, as the case may be, of that part of that trade, then—

(a) if that sale is the sale falling within subsection (1)(c) above—

(i) section 10(4) and (5) shall not apply; and

(ii) subsection (5) above shall have effect as if for the definition of A there were substituted—

" A is the net price paid by the purchaser for the relevant interest;";

(b) if that sale is a sale which occurs before the sale falling within subsection (1)(c) above, subsections (5) and (7) above shall have effect as if the reference in the definition of A in each of those subsections to the actual expenditure were a reference to the price paid on that sale.

(9) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2)(c) above—

(a) the enterprise zone element of the deemed expenditure shall be treated for the purpose only of determining entitlement to allowances as incurred at a time when the site of the building or structure is in an enterprise zone, being a time not more than 10 years after the site was first included in the zone; and

(b) the non-enterprise zone element of the deemed expenditure shall be treated for that purpose as not incurred, and not incurred under a contract entered into, at such a time.

(10) This section shall have effect subject to section 17A.]

Textual Amendments

F49 S. 10B inserted (16.7.1992) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 70, Sch. 13 paras.8, 14.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C4 S. 10B(1)(c)(d) modified (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 121(1)

[10C F50 Purchases of buildings and structures: allowances under section 2A. U.K.

(1) This section shall apply (subject to subsection (2) below) where—

(a) expenditure is incurred on the construction of a building or structure (“actual expenditure”);

(b) some or all of that expenditure is expenditure to which section 2A applies or would be such expenditure if it were capital expenditure; and

(c) before the building or structure is used, the relevant interest in it is sold.

(2) In relation to any case in which the relevant interest is sold in pursuance of a contract entered into in the period beginning with 1st November 1992 and ending with 31st October 1993 by a person who—

(a) carries on a trade which consists, in whole or in part, in the construction of buildings or structures with a view to their sale; and

(b) has been entitled to that interest since before 1st November 1992,

section 2A(3) above shall have effect for the purposes of subsection (1)(b) above and subsections (6) and (11) below as if for the words from “capital expenditure" onwards there were substituted “capital expenditure incurred under a contract entered into either before 1st November 1993 or for the purpose of securing that obligations under a contract entered into before that date are complied with."

(3) Where this section applies—

(a) the actual expenditure shall be left out of account for the purposes of sections 1 to 8; but

(b) subject to subsections (9) to (11) below, the person who buys the relevant interest shall be deemed for those purposes to have incurred, on the date when the purchase price becomes payable, expenditure on the construction of the building or structure (“deemed expenditure”) equal to the actual expenditure or to the net price paid by him for that interest, whichever is the less.

(4) The deemed expenditure shall be regarded as comprising a section 2A element and a residual element.

(5) The section 2A element of the deemed expenditure shall be calculated in accordance with the formula—

(6) In subsection (5) above—

• A is the deemed expenditure;

• B is so much of the actual expenditure as is expenditure to which section 2A applies or expenditure that would be such expenditure if it were capital expenditure; and

• C is the actual expenditure.

(7) The residual element of the deemed expenditure shall be so much (if any) of the deemed expenditure as does not comprise the section 2A element.

(8) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (3)(b) above—

(a) the section 2A element of the deemed expenditure shall be treated for the purpose only of determining entitlement to allowances as expenditure to which that section applies; and

(b) the residual element of the deemed expenditure shall be treated for that purpose as expenditure which is not expenditure to which that section applies.

(9) Where the relevant interest in the building or structure is sold more than once before the building or structure is used, subsections (2) and (3)(b) above shall have effect only in relation to the last of those sales.

(10) Where the actual expenditure was incurred by a person carrying on a trade which consists, in whole or in part, in the construction of buildings or structures with a view to their sale and, before the building or structure is used, he sells the relevant interest in it in the course of that trade or, as the case may be, of that part of that trade, then—

(a) if that sale is the only sale of the relevant interest before the building or structure is used, paragraph (b) of subsection (3) above shall have effect as if the words “the actual expenditure or to" and “whichever is the less" were omitted; and

(b) in any other case, that paragraph shall have effect as if the reference to the actual expenditure were a reference to the price paid on that sale.

(11) Where some of the actual expenditure is expenditure falling within subsection (1)(b) of section 10A and some or all of the remainder is expenditure to which section 2A applies or to which section 2A would apply if it were capital expenditure, section 10A and this section shall both have effect but as if—

(a) subsections (3), (9) and (10) of this section were omitted;

(b) references in this section to the deemed expenditure were references to the expenditure which, in accordance with subsections (2), (8) and (9) of section 10A, is the deemed expenditure for the purposes of that section; and

(c) the section 2A element of the deemed expenditure were comprised in the non-enterprise zone element of that expenditure.]

Textual Amendments

F50 S. 10C inserted (27.7.1993 with effect as mentioned in s. 113(7) of the amending Act) by 1993 c. 34, s. 113(4)(7)

[F51 10D Arrangements affecting the value of the purchased interest. U.K.

(1) This section has effect for determining the following amounts, that is to say—

(a) any amount which for the purposes of any of sections 10 to 10C is to be taken to be the sum paid on the sale of the relevant interest in any building or structure; and

(b) any amount which for the purposes of sections 1 to 8 is to be taken to be the amount of any sale, insurance, salvage or compensation moneys payable in respect of any building or structure where—

(i) a person is deemed, under any of sections 10 to 10C, to have incurred expenditure on the construction of the building or structure; and

(ii) the amount of the deemed expenditure is taken, under those sections, to have been equal to the price paid on a sale of the relevant interest in the building or structure;

and in this section “the relevant amount” means the amount falling to be determined and “the basic amount” means whatever would be the relevant amount for the purposes of this Part if the provisions of this section were disregarded.

(2) Where—

(a) arrangements falling within subsection (3) below have been entered into, and

(b) those arrangements contain any provision having an artificial effect on pricing,

the relevant amount shall be taken to be equal to the basic amount less so much of the basic amount as, on a just apportionment, represents the extent to which the sale price or, as the case may be, the amount of the sale, insurance, salvage or compensation moneys is more than it would have been if those arrangements had not contained that provision.

(3) The arrangements falling within this subsection are any arrangements relating to, or to any other arrangements made with respect to, any interest in or right over the building or structure in question (whether granted by the person entitled to the relevant interest or by somebody else), so far as they are arrangements which—

(a) were entered into between any two or more persons at or before the time mentioned in subsection (5) below; and

(b) had the effect at the time so mentioned of enhancing the value of the relevant interest in that building or structure.

(4) For the purposes of this section arrangements falling within subsection (3) above in relation to any building or structure shall be treated as containing a provision having an artificial effect on pricing to the extent that they go beyond what, at the time they were entered into, it was reasonable to regard as required, so far as transactions involving interests in or rights over buildings or structures of the same or a similar description were concerned, by the market conditions then prevailing for persons dealing with each other at arm’s length in the open market.

(5) The time mentioned in subsection (3)(a) above is—

(a) in relation to the determination of an amount falling within subsection (1)(a) above, the time of the fixing of the sale price for the sale in question; and

(b) in relation to the determination of an amount falling within subsection (1)(b) above, the time of the fixing of the sale price for the sale by reference to which the amount of the deemed expenditure on the construction of the building or structure fell to be determined in accordance with any of sections 10 to 10C.]

Textual Amendments

F51 S. 10D inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 100(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 100(1)

11 Long leases. U.K.

(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, where expenditure has been incurred on the construction of a building or structure and a long lease of that building or structure is granted out of an interest therein which is the relevant interest in relation to that expenditure, this Part shall, if the lessor and the lessee so elect, have effect as if—

(a) the grant of the lease were a sale of the relevant interest by the lessor to the lessee at the time when the lease takes effect;

(b) any capital sum paid by the lessee in consideration for the grant of the lease were the purchase price on the sale; and

(c) the interest out of which the lease is granted had at that time ceased to be, and the interest granted by the lease had at that time become, the relevant interest in relation to that expenditure.

(2) Any election under this section shall have effect in relation to all the expenditure in relation to which the interest out of which the lease is granted is the relevant interest and which relates to the building or structure or (if more than one) the buildings or structures which are the subject of the lease.

(3) Any election under this section shall be by notice to the inspector given within two years after the date on which the lease takes effect; and all such adjustments shall be made, whether by discharge or repayment of tax or by further assessments, as may be required for giving effect to the election.

(4) In this section “long lease” means a lease the duration of which (ascertained according to subsections (1) to (4) and (6) of section 38 of the principal Act) exceeds 50 years; and any question whether a lease is a long lease shall be determined without regard to section 16(5).

(5) Section 20(3) shall have effect subject to subsection (1)(c) above.

(6) This section does not apply where—

(a) the lessor and lessee are connected with each other within the terms of section 839 of the principal Act; or

(b) it appears that the sole or main benefit which may be expected to accrue to the lessor from the grant of the lease and the making of an election is the obtaining of a balancing allowance under section 4;

but paragraph (a) above shall not prevent the application of this section where the lessor is a body discharging statutory functions and the lessee a company of which it has control.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C5 S. 11 modified (16.7.1992) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 77, Sch. 17 paras. 5(4), 6(1), 7.

C6 S. 11(3) modified (for the year of assessment 1988-1989) by S.I. 1991/851, regs. 1, 9, Sch. 2

C7 S. 11(3) modified (for the year of assessment 1989-1990) by S.I. 1992/511, regs. 1, 9, Sch.2.

C8 S. 11(3) applied (with modifications) (for the year of assessment 1990–91) by The Lloyd’s Underwriters (Tax) (1990–91) Regulations 1993 (S.I. 1993/415), reg. 9, Sch.2

C9 S. 11(3) modified (for the year of assessment 1991-92) by The Lloyds Underwriters (Tax) (1991-92) Regulations 1994 (S.I. 1994/728), regs. 1(1), 9, Sch. 2

C10 S. 11(3) modified (for the years of assessment 1992-93 and 1993-94) by The Lloyds Underwriters (Tax) (1992–93 to 1996–97) Regulations 1995 (S.I. 1995/352), regs. 1(1), 14(1), Sch.

C11 S. 11(3) modified (for the year of assessment 1994-95) by The Lloyds Underwriters (Tax) (1992–93 to 1996–97) Regulations 1995 (S.I. 1995/352), regs. 1(1), 15(1), Sch.

12 Expenditure on repair of buildings. U.K.

This Part shall have effect in relation to capital expenditure incurred by a person on repairs to any part of a building or structure as if it were capital expenditure incurred by him in the construction for the first time of that part of the building or structure, and for the purposes of this section any expenditure incurred for the purposes of a trade on repairs to a building or structure shall be deemed to be capital expenditure if it is not expenditure which would be allowed to be deducted in computing, for the purposes of tax, the [F52 profits] of the trade.

Textual Amendments

F52 Word in s. 12 substituted (31.7.1998) by Finance Act 1998 (c. 36), s. 46(3)(a), Sch. 7 para. 4

13 Expenditure on sites for machinery and plant. U.K.

Where capital expenditure is or has been incurred on preparing, cutting, tunnelling or levelling land for the purposes of preparing the land as a site for the installation of machinery or plant, and apart from this section no allowance could be made in respect of that expenditure under this Part, or under Part II, then as regards that expenditure—

(a) the machinery or plant shall be treated for the purposes of this Part as a building or structure (whether or not it would be so treated apart from this section), and

(b) section 148(1) shall apply with the omission of the reference to Part II.

14 Sports pavilions. U.K.

Where a building or structure which is not an industrial building or structure is occupied by the person carrying on a trade and used as a sports pavilion for the welfare of all or any of the workers employed in that trade, this Part shall apply in relation to that building or structure as if it were an industrial building or structure.

15 Temporary disuse of industrial buildings or structures. U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Part, a building or structure shall not be deemed to cease altogether to be used by reason only that it falls temporarily out of use, and where, immediately before any period of temporary disuse, a building or structure is an industrial building or structure, it shall be deemed to be an industrial building or structure during the period of temporary disuse.

F53 (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F54 (2A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F55 (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F53 S. 15(2) repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 38(2)(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1998 (c. 36), s. 38(2)(3), Sch. 5 para. 48, Sch. 27 Pt. 3(4) (with Sch. 5 Pt. 4)

F54 S. 15(2A) repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 38(2)(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1998 (c. 36), s. 38(2)(3), Sch. 5 para. 48, Sch. 27 Pt. 3(4) (with Sch. 5 Pt. 4)

F55 S. 15(3) repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 38(2)(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1998 (c. 36), s. 38(2)(3), Sch. 5 para. 48, Sch. 27 Pt. 3(4) (with Sch. 5 Pt. 4)

[F56 15ZA Temporary disuse: manner of making allowances and charges in certain cases. U.K.

(1) This section applies in certain cases where an allowance or charge falls to be made to or on a person in a period during which the building or structure—

(a) is temporarily out of use, but

(b) is deemed under section 15(1) still to be an industrial building or structure.

(2) If on the last occasion upon which the building or structure was in use as an industrial building or structure—

(a) it was in use for the purposes of a trade which has since been permanently discontinued, or

(b) the relevant interest in the building or structure was subject to a lease which has since come to an end,

the allowance or charge shall be made under section 9 (manner of making allowances and charges) as if the relevant interest were subject to a lease at the relevant time.

(3) If in a case where this section applies—

(a) a balancing charge falls to be made on a person, and

(b) when the building or structure was last in use, it was in use as an industrial building or structure for the purposes of a trade which was carried on by that person but has been permanently discontinued,

the same deductions may be made from the amount of the balancing charge as may be made under section 105 of the principal Act (deductions allowed in case of post-cessation receipts) from an amount chargeable to tax under section 103 or 104(1) of that Act.

This does not affect the making of any deduction allowed under any other provision of the Tax Acts.

(4) References in this section to the permanent discontinuance of a trade do not include an event treated as a permanent discontinuance under section 113 or 337(1) of the principal Act (change in persons carrying on trade; circumstances in which company treated as beginning or ceasing to carry on trade).

(5) This section applies where the building or structure in question is used by a licensee of the person entitled to the relevant interest as if that interest were subject to a lease.]

Textual Amendments

F56 S. 15ZA inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 38(2)(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1998 (c. 36), s. 38(2)(3), Sch. 5 para. 49 (with Sch. 5 Pt. 4)

F57 15A Balancing charge after cessation of trade. U.K.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F57 S. 15A repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 38(2)(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1998 (c. 36), s. 38(2)(3), Sch. 5 para. 50, Sch. 27 Pt. 3(4) (with Sch. 5 paras. 65-76)

16 Requisitioned land, holding over of leased land and other special cases. U.K.

(1) Subject to subsection (2) below, the provisions of this Part shall have effect in relation to any period of requisition of any land by the Crown as if the Crown had been in possession of that land for that period by virtue of a lease, and—

(a) any reference in this Part to the surrender of a lease or the extinguishment thereof on the person entitled thereto acquiring the interest which is reversionary thereon, or to the merger of a leasehold interest, shall be construed accordingly, and

(b) any sum paid to the Crown in respect of any building or structure constructed on any land during any period of requisition of that land, being a sum paid, whether by virtue of any enactment or otherwise, by the person who, subject to the rights of the Crown, is entitled to possession of the land, shall be deemed for the purposes of this Part to be a sum paid in consideration of the surrender of that lease.

(2) Where a person carrying on a trade is authorised by the Crown to occupy the land or any part thereof for the whole or any part of the period of requisition (“the occupier")—

(a) the provisions of this Part shall have effect as if the Crown had granted a sub-lease of that land or, as the case may be, that part thereof, to the occupier for the period of requisition or, as the case may be, for that part of the period for which that occupier occupies the land, and

(b) subsection (1) above shall have effect in relation to that sub-lease as it has effect in relation to the lease therein mentioned, subject however to the modification that for the reference to any sum paid to the Crown there shall be substituted a reference to any sum paid to the occupier.

(3) In subsections (1) and (2) above “period of requisition” means a period in respect of which compensation is, or, but for any agreement to the contrary, would be, payable under section 2(1)(a) of the M8 Compensation (Defence) Act 1939 by reference to the rent which might reasonably be expected to be payable under a lease granted immediately before the beginning of that period.

(4) Where, with the consent of the lessor, a lessee of any building or structure remains in possession thereof after the termination of the lease without a new lease being granted to him, that lease shall be deemed for the purposes of this Part to continue so long as he remains in possession as aforesaid.

(5) Where, on the termination of a lease, a new lease is granted to the lessee in pursuance of an option available to him under the terms of the first lease, the provisions of this Part shall have effect as if the second lease were a continuation of the first lease.

(6) Where, on the termination of a lease, the lessor pays any sum to the lessee in respect of a building or structure comprised in the lease, the provisions of this Part shall have effect as if the lease had come to an end by reason of the surrender thereof in consideration of the payment.

(7) Where, on the termination of a lease, another lease is granted to a different lessee and, in connection with the transaction, that lessee pays a sum to the person who was the lessee under the first lease, the provisions of this Part shall have effect as if both leases were the same lease and there had been an assignment thereof by the lessee under the first lease to the lessee under the second lease in consideration of the payment.

Marginal Citations

M8 1939 c. 75.

17 Mining structures etc: balancing allowances carried back to earlier chargeable periods. U.K.

(1) If, in the case of a trade which consists of or includes the working of a mine, oil well or other source of mineral deposits—

(a) a balancing allowance falls to be made under this Part for the last chargeable period in which the trade is carried on, and

(b) the event giving rise to the allowance is the mine, oil well or other source ceasing to be worked or the coming to an end of a foreign concession, and

(c) the allowance is in respect of expenditure on a building or structure which was constructed for occupation by, or for the welfare of, persons employed at, or in connection with the working of, the mine, oil well or other source, and

(d) full effect cannot be given to the allowance because of an insufficiency of [F58 profits] for that chargeable period,

the person entitled to the allowance may claim that the balance of the allowance shall be given for the last preceding chargeable period, and so on for other preceding chargeable periods, so however that allowances shall not be given by virtue of this subsection for periods together amounting to more than five years (inclusive of any period for which an allowance might be made but cannot be given effect for want of [F58 profits]) otherwise than by giving a proportionately reduced allowance for a chargeable period of which part is required to make up the five years.

(2) In the case of a company no allowance shall be given by virtue of this section so as to create or augment a loss in any accounting period; and, where on a company ceasing to carry on a trade a claim is made both under this section and under [F59 section 393A(1) of the principal Act (relief for company trading losses)] the allowance for which the claim is made shall be disregarded for the purposes of the claim under that section, but effect shall be given to the claim under that section in priority to the claim under this section.

(3) Section 42 of the M9 Taxes Management Act 1970 shall apply to any claim under this section [F60 made for the purposes of income tax].

Textual Amendments

F58 Word in s. 17(1) substituted (31.7.1998) by Finance Act 1998 (c. 36), s. 46(3)(a), Sch. 7 para. 4

F59 Words in s. 17(2) substituted (retrospectively in relation to losses incurred in accounting periods ending on or after 01.04.1991) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 73(3)-(5), Sch. 15 para.28.

F60 Words in s. 17(3) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 93(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1999 (c. 16), Sch. 11 para. 4

Marginal Citations

M9 1970 c. 9.

F61 [17A Enterprise zones: exclusion of expenditure. U.K.

References in sections 1(1)(b), [F62 2A(5)(a)]], 6(1), 10A(1)(b) and 10B(1)(b) to expenditure incurred under a contract entered into at a time when the site of a building or structure is in an enterprise zone do not include any expenditure incurred under the contract if the expenditure is incurred more than 20 years after the site in question was first included in the enterprise zone.

Textual Amendments

F61 S. 17A inserted (16.7.1992) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 70, Sch. 13 paras. 10, 16.

F62 Words in s. 17A inserted (27.7.1993 with effect as mentioned in s. 113(7) of the amending Act) by 1993 c. 34, s. 113(5)(7)

18 Definition of “industrial building or structure". U.K.

(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, in this Part “industrial building or structure” means a building or structure in use—

(a) for the purposes of a trade carried on in a mill, factory or other similar premises; or

(b) for the purposes of a transport, dock, inland navigation, water, sewerage, electricity or hydraulic power undertaking; or

(c) subject to subsection (11) below, for the purposes of a tunnel undertaking; or

(d) subject to subsection (12) below, for the purposes of a bridge undertaking; or

[F63 (da) for the purposes of a [F64 highway] undertaking; or]

(e) for the purposes of a trade which consists in the manufacture of goods or materials or the subjection of goods or materials to any process; or

(f) for the purposes of a trade which consists in the storage—

(i) of goods or materials which are to be used in the manufacture of other goods or materials; or

(ii) of goods or materials which are to be subjected, in course of a trade, to any process; or

(iii) of goods or materials which, having been manufactured or produced or subjected, in the course of a trade, to any process, have not yet been delivered to any purchaser; or

(iv) of goods or materials on their arrival [F65 in any part of the United Kingdom from a place outside] the United Kingdom; or

(g) for the purposes of a trade which consists in the working of any mine, oil well or other source of mineral deposits, or of a foreign plantation; or

(h) for the purposes of a trade consisting in all or any of the following activities, that is to say, ploughing or cultivating land (other than land in the occupation of the person carrying on the trade) or doing any other agricultural operation on such land, or threshing the crops of another person; or

(j) for the purposes of a trade which consists in the catching or taking of fish or shellfish;

and, in particular, the expression “industrial building or structure” includes any building or structure provided by the person carrying on such a trade or undertaking for the welfare of workers employed in that trade or undertaking and in use for that purpose.

(2) The provisions of subsection (1) above shall apply in relation to a part of a trade or undertaking as they apply in relation to a trade or undertaking except that where part only of a trade or undertaking complies with the conditions set out in subsection (1), a building or structure shall not by virtue of this subsection be an industrial building or structure unless it is in use for the purposes of that part of that trade or undertaking.

(3) The reference in paragraph (e) of subsection (1) above to the subjection of goods or materials to any process shall include a reference to the maintaining or repairing of any goods or materials but, notwithstanding subsection (2) above, paragraph (e) shall not apply to the maintenance or repair by any person of any goods or materials employed by that person in any trade or undertaking unless that trade or undertaking itself falls within any of the paragraphs of subsection (1) (including paragraph (e)).

(4) Notwithstanding anything in subsections (1) to (3) above, but subject to subsections (5) and (7) below, “industrial building or structure” does not include any building or structure in use as, or as part of, a dwelling-house, retail shop, showroom, hotel or office or for any purpose ancillary to the purposes of a dwelling-house, retail shop, showroom, hotel or office.

(5) Subsection (4) above shall not apply to, or to part of, a building or structure which was constructed—

(a) for occupation by, or for the welfare of, persons employed at, or in connection with the working of, a mine, oil well or other source of mineral deposits, or

(b) for occupation by, or for the welfare of, persons employed on, or in connection with the growing or harvesting of crops on, a foreign plantation,

if the building or structure is likely to have little or no value to the person carrying on the trade when the mine, oil well or other source, or the plantation, is no longer worked, or will cease to belong to such person on the coming to an end of a foreign concession under which the mine, oil well or other source, or the plantation, is worked.

(6) Where a building or structure is used by more than one licensee of the same person, that building or structure shall not be an industrial building or structure unless each of the licensees uses the building or structure or that part of it to which his licence relates for the purposes of a trade which falls within subsection (1) above.

This subsection does not apply in any case where the licence in question was granted before 10th March 1982.

(7) Where part of the whole of a building or structure is, and part of it is not, an industrial building or structure, and the capital expenditure which has been incurred on the construction of the second mentioned part is not more than one-quarter of the total capital expenditure which has been incurred on the whole building or structure, the whole building or structure and every part of it shall be treated as an industrial building or structure.

In relation to capital expenditure which, disregarding section 1(10), was incurred before 16th March 1983, other than expenditure which by virtue of section 10(1) was deemed to have been incurred after that date, this subsection shall have effect with the substitution of “one-tenth" for “one-quarter".

(8) A road on an industrial estate shall be treated as used for the purposes of a trade which falls within subsection (1) above if the buildings and structures on the estate are used wholly or mainly for such purposes.

This subsection shall have effect in relation to any chargeable period F10 ... ending on or after 27th July 1989.

(9) In this section—

• “crops” includes any form of vegetable produce and “harvesting” includes the collection thereof, however effected;

• “dock” includes any harbour, wharf, pier or jetty or other works in or at which vessels can ship or unship merchandise or passengers, not being a pier or jetty primarily used for recreation, and “dock undertaking” shall be construed accordingly;

• “electricity undertaking” means an undertaking for the generation, transformation, conversion, transmission or distribution of electrical energy;

• “foreign plantation” means, subject to subsection (10) below, any land outside the United Kingdom used for the growing and harvesting of crops;

• “hydraulic power undertaking” means an undertaking for the supply of hydraulic power;

• “retail shop” includes any premises of a similar character where retail trade or business (including repair work) is carried on;

• “sewerage undertaking” means an undertaking for the provision of sewerage services within the meaning of [F66 the M10 Water Act 1989 ][F66 the Water Industry Act 1991];

• “undertaking” does not include an undertaking not carried on by way of trade;

• “water undertaking” means an undertaking for the supply of water for public consumption.

(10) In this section the expression “foreign plantation" shall (without prejudice to the generality of the definition in subsection (9) above) be extended so as to include any land outside the United Kingdom used for husbandry or forestry, and the reference in subsection (5) above to the growing and harvesting of crops shall be correspondingly extended.

(11) Paragraph (c) of subsection (1) above shall not affect any allowance or charge which would have been made under this Act, disregarding Parts III, IV and VII, if this Act had been enacted without that paragraph and if section 7(1)(c) of the 1968 Act and section 25 of the M11 Finance Act 1952 (which were the corresponding provisions prior to the passing of this Act) had not been passed, and where by virtue of paragraph (c) a balancing charge is made on a person in respect of any expenditure, the amount on which it is made shall not exceed the amount of the allowances made to him in respect of that expenditure by virtue of that paragraph (and those prior provisions).

(12) Subsection (1)(d) above shall have effect only in relation to expenditure which is to be treated for the purposes of this Part as incurred after the end of the year 1956-57.

(13) For the purposes of this Part references to use as an industrial building or structure do not apply, in the case of a building or structure outside the United Kingdom, to use for the purposes of a trade at a time when the [F67 profits] of the trade are not assessable in accordance with the rules applicable to Case I of Schedule D.

(14) Subsection (13) shall apply in relation to [F68 any qualifying hotel], and subsection (7) shall apply in relation to any qualifying hotel and also in relation to commercial buildings and structures but, subject to that, none of the provisions of this section shall apply in relation to any qualifying hotel or commercial building or structure.

Textual Amendments

F10 Words in Act repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 211(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 213(1), Sch. 26 Pt. 5(24)

F63 S. 18(1)(da) inserted (for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 6.4.1991) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 60(4)(10)

F64 Word in s. 18(1)(da) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 99(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 99(5)

F65 Words in s. 18(1)(f)(iv) substituted (retrospectively) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 101

F66 Words in s. 18(9) substituted (E.W.) (1.12.1991) by Water Consolidation (Consequential Provisions) Act 1991 (c. 60), ss. 2(1), 4(2), Sch. 1 para. 53

F67 Word in s. 18(13) substituted (31.7.1998) by Finance Act 1998 (c. 36), s. 46(3)(a), Sch. 7 para. 4

F68 Words in s. 18(14) substituted (27.7.1993 with effect as mentioned in s. 113(7) of the amending Act) by 1993 c. 34, s. 113(6)(7)

Marginal Citations

M10 1989 c. 15.

M11 1952 c. 33.

19 Meaning of “qualifying hotel". U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Part, a qualifying hotel is an hotel the accommodation in which is in a building or buildings of a permanent nature and which complies with the following requirements—

(a) that it is open for at least four months in the season; and

(b) that during the time when it is open in the season—

(i) it has at least 10 letting bedrooms;

(ii) the sleeping accommodation offered at the hotel consists wholly or mainly of letting bedrooms; and

(iii) the services provided for guests normally include the provision of breakfast and an evening meal, the making of beds and the cleaning of rooms.

(2) In subsection (1) above “the season” means April, May, June, July, August, September and October; and for the purposes of that subsection a letting bedroom is a private bedroom available for letting to the public generally and not normally in the same occupation for more than one month.

(3) Subject to subsection (4) below, any question whether an hotel complies with the requirements in subsection (1)(a) and (b) above at any time in a person’s chargeable period F10 ... shall be determined—

(a) if the hotel has been in use for the purposes of the trade carried on by that person or by such a lessee as is mentioned in section 1(3) throughout the 12 months ending with the last day of that chargeable period F10 ... , by reference to those 12 months;

(b) if the hotel was first so used on a date after the beginning of those 12 months by reference to the 12 months beginning with that date;

but an hotel shall not by virtue of this subsection be treated as complying with those requirements at any time in a chargeable period F10 ... after it has ceased altogether to be used.

(4) Where, during the 12 months mentioned in subsection (3)(a) above, an hotel had fewer than 10 letting bedrooms until a date too late for it to qualify by reference to those 12 months, it may instead qualify under subsection (3)(b) by reference to the 12 months beginning with that date as if it had then first been used.

(5) For the purposes of this section—

(a) there shall be treated as included in a qualifying hotel any building (whether or not on the same site as any other part of the hotel) which is provided by the person carrying on the hotel for the welfare of workers employed in the hotel and is in use for that purpose; and

(b) where a qualifying hotel is carried on by an individual, whether alone or in partnership, there shall be treated as excluded from the hotel any accommodation which, during the time when the hotel is open in the season, is normally used as a dwelling by that person or by any member of his family or household.

(6) Subsections (1) to (5) above do not apply in any case where the expenditure in question was incurred before 12th April 1978, and expenditure shall not be treated for the purposes of this subsection as having been incurred after the date on which it was in fact incurred by reason only of section 10(1).

Textual Amendments

F10 Words in Act repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 211(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 213(1), Sch. 26 Pt. 5(24)

20 Meaning of “the relevant interest". U.K.

(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, in this Part, “the relevant interest” means, in relation to any expenditure incurred on the construction of a building or structure, the interest in that building or structure to which the person who incurred the expenditure was entitled when he incurred it.

(2) Where, when he incurs expenditure on the construction of a building or structure, a person is entitled to two or more interests in the building or structure, and one of those interests is an interest which is reversionary on all the others, that interest shall be the relevant interest for the purposes of this Part.

(3) An interest shall not cease to be the relevant interest for the purposes of this Part by reason of the creation of any lease or other interest to which that interest is subject, and where the relevant interest is a leasehold interest and is extinguished by reason of the surrender thereof or on the person entitled thereto acquiring the interest which is reversionary thereon, the interest into which that leasehold interest merges shall thereupon become the relevant interest.

(4) An interest which by virtue of section 11(4) of the 1968 Act was immediately before the commencement of this section treated as the relevant interest shall continue to be so treated for the purposes of the provisions of this Part in so far as they relate to writing-down allowances, balancing allowances and balancing charges.

F69 [(5) For the purposes of subsections (1) and (2) above, in their application to expenditure incurred on the construction of [F70 any road, a highway concession] in respect of the road shall not be treated as an interest in the road.

(6) Where, in the case of expenditure incurred on the construction of a [F71 road], the person who incurred the expenditure—

(a) was not for the purposes of subsections (1) and (2) above entitled to an interest in the road when he incurred the expenditure, but

(b) was at that time entitled to [F72 a highway concession] in respect of the road,

“the relevant interest” means, in relation to that expenditure, the [F73 highway concession] in respect of the road.]

Textual Amendments

F69 S. 20(5)(6) inserted (for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 06.04.1991) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 60(5)(10).

F70 Words in s. 20(5) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 99(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 99(6)(a)

F71 Word in s. 20(6) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 99(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 99(6)(b)(i)

F72 Words in s. 20(6)(b) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 99(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 99(6)(b)(ii)

F73 Words in s. 20(6) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 99(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 99(6)(b)(iii)

21 Other interpretation of Part I. U.K.

(1) References in this Part to expenditure incurred on the construction of a building or structure do not include any expenditure incurred on the acquisition of, or of rights in or over, any land.

(2) A person who has incurred expenditure on the construction of a building or structure shall be deemed, for the purposes of any provision of this Part referring to his interest therein at the time when the expenditure was incurred, to have had the same interest therein as he would have had if the construction thereof had been completed at that time.

(3) Without prejudice to any of the other provisions of this Part or Part VIII relating to the apportionment of sale, insurance, salvage or compensation moneys, the sum paid on the sale of the relevant interest in a building or structure, or any other sale, insurance, salvage or compensation moneys payable in respect of any building or structure, shall, for the purposes of this Part, be deemed to be reduced by an amount equal to so much thereof as, on a just apportionment, is attributable to assets representing expenditure other than expenditure in respect of which an allowance can be made under this Part.

(4) In this Part “enterprise zone” means an area designated as such by an order made by the Secretary of State under powers in that behalf conferred by Schedule 32 to the M12 Local Government, Planning and Land Act 1980 or, in Northern Ireland, by an order made by the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland under Article 7 of the M13 Enterprise Zones (Northern Ireland) Order 1981.

(5) In this Part “commercial building or structure” means a building or structure, other than an industrial building or structure or a qualifying hotel, which is used for the purposes of a trade, profession or vocation or, whether or not for such a purpose, as an office or offices but does not include any building or structure in use as, or as part of, a dwelling-house.

[F74 (5AA) In this Part—

• “highway concession”, in relation to any road, means—

  (a)

  any right, in respect of the fact that the road is or will be used by the general public, to receive sums from the Secretary of State or from the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland, or

  (b)

  where that road is a toll road, the right to charge tolls in respect of the road,

  and

• “highway undertaking” means so much of any undertaking relating to the design, building, financing and operation of any roads as is carried on for the purposes of, or in connection with, the exploitation of highway concessions.]

F75 [(5A) For the purposes of this Part, the carrying on of a [F76 highway undertaking] shall be treated as the carrying on of an undertaking by way of trade; and accordingly, references in this Part (except sections 17 and 18) to a trade shall be treated as including references to an undertaking treated by virtue of this subsection as carried on by way of trade.

(5B) For the purposes of this Part, a person carrying on a [F76 highway undertaking] shall be treated as occupying for the purposes of the undertaking any [F77 road in relation to which it is carried on].]

(6) For the purposes of this Part, and the other provisions of this Act which are relevant to this Part, any transfer of the relevant interest in a building or structure otherwise than by way of sale shall be treated as a sale of the interest for a price other than that which it would have fetched if sold on the open market.

(7) If sections 157 and 158 would not apart from this subsection have effect in relation to a transfer treated as a sale by virtue of subsection (6) above, those sections shall have effect in relation to it as if it were a sale falling within section 157(1)(a).

(8) Without prejudice to section 148(1), any reference in this Part to the incurring of expenditure on the construction of a building or structure does not include expenditure on the provision of machinery or plant or on any asset which has been treated for any chargeable period as machinery or plant.

This subsection shall not have effect in relation to any chargeable period F10 ... ending after 26th July 1989.

(9) Where section 16(4) of the 1968 Act (expenditure on preparatory work before the appointed day) applied immediately before the commencement of this Part in relation to any expenditure so that Chapter I of Part I of that Act (apart from section 1) applied to part of the expenditure separately from the remainder of the expenditure, then the provisions of this Part (apart from section 1) shall similarly apply to that part of the expenditure separately from the remainder.

(10) Any reference in this Part to any allowance or charge is, except where the context otherwise requires, a reference to such an allowance or charge under this Part, and a reference to an allowance made or postponed under this Part includes, where the context permits, a reference to an allowance relating to expenditure in respect of an industrial building or structure (or any building or structure treated as an industrial building or structure) made or postponed under any enactment repealed by this Act or by any Act repealed by this Act, notwithstanding that the repealed enactment is not re-enacted in this Act.

Textual Amendments

F10 Words in Act repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 211(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 213(1), Sch. 26 Pt. 5(24)

F74 S. 21(5AA) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 99(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 99(7)

F75 S. 21(5A)(5B) inserted (for any chargeable period or its basis period ending on or after 06.04.1991) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31), s. 60(6)(10).

F76 Words in s. 21(5A)(5B) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 99(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 99(8)

F77 Words in s. 21(5B) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 99(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 99(8)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C12 S. 21(6) excluded (19.9.1994) by Coal Industry Act 1994 (c. 21), s. 68(4), Sch. 4 para. 20(2); S.I. 1994/2189, art. 2, Sch.

Marginal Citations

M12 1980 c. 65.

M13 S.I. 1981/607 (N.I.15).