Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992

Part V U.K. Transfer of business assets

Chapter I U.K. General provisions

Replacement of business assets U.K.

152 Roll-over relief. U.K.

(1) If the consideration which a person carrying on a trade obtains for the disposal of, or of his interest in, assets (“the old assets”) used, and used only, for the purposes of the trade throughout the period of ownership is applied by him in acquiring other assets, or an interest in other assets (“the new assets”) which on the acquisition are taken into use, and used only, for the purposes of the trade, and the old assets and new assets are within the classes of assets listed in section 155, then the person carrying on the trade shall, on making a claim as respects the consideration which has been so applied, be treated for the purposes of this Act—

(a) as if the consideration for the disposal of, or of the interest in, the old assets were (if otherwise of a greater amount or value) of such amount as would secure that on the disposal neither a gain nor a loss accrues to him, and

(b) as if the amount or value of the consideration for the acquisition of, or of the interest in, the new assets were reduced by the excess of the amount or value of the actual consideration for the disposal of, or of the interest in, the old assets over the amount of the consideration which he is treated as receiving under paragraph (a) above,

but neither paragraph (a) nor paragraph (b) above shall affect the treatment for the purposes of this Act of the other party to the transaction involving the old assets, or of the other party to the transaction involving the new assets.

(2) Where subsection (1)(a) above applies to exclude a gain which, in consequence of Schedule 2, is not all chargeable gain, the amount of the reduction to be made under subsection (1)(b) above shall be the amount of the chargeable gain, and not the whole amount of the gain.

(3) Subject to subsection (4) below, this section shall only apply if the acquisition of, or of the interest in, the new assets takes place, or an unconditional contract for the acquisition is entered into, in the period beginning 12 months before and ending 3 years after the disposal of, or of the interest in, the old assets, or at such earlier or later time as the Board may by notice allow.

(4) Where an unconditional contract for the acquisition is so entered into, this section may be applied on a provisional basis without waiting to ascertain whether the new assets, or the interest in the new assets, is acquired in pursuance of the contract, and, when that fact is ascertained, all necessary adjustments shall be made by making [F1 or amending] assessments or by repayment or discharge of tax, and shall be so made notwithstanding any limitation on the time within which assessments [F2 or amendments] may be made.

(5) This section shall not apply unless the acquisition of, or of the interest in, the new assets was made for the purpose of their use in the trade, and not wholly or partly for the purpose of realising a gain from the disposal of, or of the interest in, the new assets.

(6) If, over the period of ownership or any substantial part of the period of ownership, part of a building or structure is, and part is not, used for the purposes of a trade, this section shall apply as if the part so used, with any land occupied for purposes ancillary to the occupation and use of that part of the building or structure, were a separate asset, and subject to any necessary apportionments of consideration for an acquisition or disposal of, or of an interest in, the building or structure and other land.

(7) If the old assets were not used for the purposes of the trade throughout the period of ownership this section shall apply as if a part of the asset representing its use for the purposes of the trade having regard to the time and extent to which it was, and was not, used for those purposes, were a separate asset which had been wholly used for the purposes of the trade, and this subsection shall apply in relation to that part subject to any necessary apportionment of consideration for an acquisition or disposal of, or of the interest in, the asset.

(8) This section shall apply in relation to a person who, either successively or at the same time, carries on 2 or more trades as if both or all of them were a single trade.

(9) In this section “period of ownership” does not include any period before 31st March 1982.

(10) The provisions of this Act fixing the amount of the consideration deemed to be given for the acquisition or disposal of assets shall be applied before this section is applied.

(11) Without prejudice to section 52(4), where consideration is given for the acquisition or disposal of assets some or part of which are assets in relation to which a claim under this section applies, and some or part of which are not, the consideration shall be apportioned in such manner as is just and reasonable.

Textual Amendments

F1 Words in s. 152(4) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 121(8) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1996 (c. 8), s. 141(1)(a)

F2 Words in s. 152(4) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 121(8) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1996 (c. 8), s. 141(1)(b)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1 Ss. 152-156 modified (16.7.1992) by 1992 c. 48, s. 77, Sch. 17 paras.3, 7

Ss. 152-156 modified (27.7.1993) by 1993 c. 37, s. 12, Sch. 2 Pt. I para. 6(2)

C2 Ss. 152-160 modified (retrospective to 11.1.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 252(3), Sch. 24 para. 6(1)

C3 S. 152 restricted (retrospective to 11.1.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 252(3), Sch. 24 para. 6(3)

C4 Ss. 152-154 modified (retrospective to 11.1.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 252(3), Sch. 24 para. 6(4)

C5 Ss. 152-156 modified (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 25 para. 3(2)

C6 S. 152 modified (19.9.1994) by Coal industry Act 1994 (c. 21), s. 68(4), Sch. 4 para. 7(1)(a) (with Sch. 4 para. 14); S.I. 1994/2189, art. 2, Sch.

C7 S. 152 restricted (19.9.1994) by Coal industry Act 1994 (c. 21), s. 68(4), Sch. 4 para. 7(2)(a) (with Sch. 4 para. 14); S.I. 1994/2189, art. 2, Sch.

C8 S. 152 applied (with modifications) (19.9.1994) by Coal industry Act 1994 (c. 21), s. 68(4), Sch. 4 para. 7(3) (with Sch. 4 para. 14); S.I. 1994/2189, art. 2, Sch.

153 Assets only partly replaced. U.K.

(1) Section 152(1) shall not apply if part only of the amount or value of the consideration for the disposal of, or of the interest in, the old assets is applied as described in that subsection, but if all of the amount or value of the consideration except for a part which is less than the amount of the gain (whether all chargeable gain or not) accruing on the disposal of, or of the interest in, the old assets is so applied, then the person carrying on the trade, on making a claim as respects the consideration which has been so applied, shall be treated for the purposes of this Act—

(a) as if the amount of the gain so accruing were reduced to the amount of the said part (and, if not all chargeable gain, with a proportionate reduction in the amount of the chargeable gain), and

(b) as if the amount or value of the consideration for the acquisition of, or of the interest in, the new assets were reduced by the amount by which the gain is reduced (or as the case may be the amount by which the chargeable gain is proportionately reduced) under paragraph (a) of this subsection,

but neither paragraph (a) nor paragraph (b) above shall affect the treatment for the purposes of this Act of the other party to the transaction involving the old assets, or of the other party to the transaction involving the new assets.

(2) Subsections (3) to (11) of 152 shall apply as if this section formed part of that section.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C2 Ss. 152-160 modified (retrospective to 11.1.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 252(3), Sch. 24 para. 6(1)

C4 Ss. 152-154 modified (retrospective to 11.1.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 252(3), Sch. 24 para. 6(4)

C5 Ss. 152-156 modified (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 25 para. 3(2)

C9 Ss. 152-156 modified (16.7.1992) by 1992 c. 48, s. 77, Sch. 17 paras.3, 7

Ss. 152-156 modified (27.7.1993) by 1993 c. 37, s. 12, Sch. 2 Pt. I para. 6(2)

C10 S. 153 restricted (retrospective to 11.1.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 252(3), Sch. 24 para. 6(3)

C11 S. 153 restricted (19.9.1994) by Coal industry Act 1994 (c. 21), s. 68(4), Sch. 4 para. 7(2)(a) (with Sch. 4 para. 14); S.I. 1994/2189, art. 2, Sch.

C12 S. 153 applied (with modifications) (19.9.1994) by Coal industry Act 1994 (c. 21), s. 68(4), Sch. 4 para. 7(3) (with Sch. 4 para. 14); S.I. 1994/2189, art. 2, Sch.

[F3 153A Provisional application of sections 152 and 153. U.K.

(1) This section applies where a person carrying on a trade who for a consideration disposes of, or of his interest in, any assets (“the old assets”) declares, in his return for the chargeable period in which the disposal takes place—

(a) that the whole or any specified part of the consideration will be applied in the acquisition of, or of an interest in, other assets (“the new assets”) which on the acquisition will be taken into use, and used only, for the purposes of the trade;

(b) that the acquisition will take place as mentioned in subsection (3) of section 152; and

(c) that the new assets will be within the classes listed in section 155.

(2) Until the declaration ceases to have effect, section 152 or, as the case may be, section 153 shall apply as if the acquisition had taken place and the person had made a claim under that section.

(3) The declaration shall cease to have effect as follows—

(a) if and to the extent that it is withdrawn before the relevant day, or is superseded before that day by a valid claim made under section 152 or 153, on the day on which it is so withdrawn or superseded; and

(b) if and to the extent that it is not so withdrawn or superseded, on the relevant day.

(4) On the declaration ceasing to have effect in whole or in part, all necessary adjustments—

(a) shall be made by making or amending assessments or by repayment or discharge of tax; and

(b) shall be so made notwithstanding any limitation on the time within which assessments or amendments may be made.

(5) In this section “the relevant day” means—

(a) in relation to capital gains tax, the third anniversary of the 31st January next following the year of assessment in which the disposal of, or of the interest in, the old assets took place;

(b) in relation to corporation tax, the fourth anniversary of the last day of the accounting period in which that disposal took place.

(6) Subsections (6), (8), (10) and (11) of section 152 shall apply for the purposes of this section as they apply for the purposes of that section.]

Textual Amendments

F3 S. 153A inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 121(8) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1996 (c. 8), s. 141(2)

154 New assets which are depreciating assets. U.K.

(1) Sections 152, 153 and 229 shall have effect subject to the provisions of this section in which—

(a) the “held-over gain” means the amount by which, under those sections, and apart from the provisions of this section, any chargeable gain on one asset (“asset No.1”) is reduced, with a corresponding reduction of the expenditure allowable in respect of another asset (“asset No.2”), and

(b) any reference to a gain of any amount being carried forward to any asset is a reference to a reduction of that amount in a chargeable gain coupled with a reduction of the same amount in expenditure allowable in respect of that asset.

(2) If asset No.2 is a depreciating asset, the held-over gain shall not be carried forward, but the claimant shall be treated as if so much of the chargeable gain on asset No.1 as is equal to the held-over gain did not accrue until—

(a) the claimant disposes of asset No.2, or

(b) he ceases to use asset No.2 for the purposes of a trade carried on by him, or

(c) the expiration of a period of 10 years beginning with the acquisition of asset No.2,

whichever event comes first.

(3) Where section 229 has effect subject to the provisions of this section, subsection (2)(b) above shall have effect as if it read—

“(b) section 232(3) applies as regards asset No.2 (whether or not by virtue of section 232(5)), or”.

(4) If, in the circumstances specified in subsection (5) below, the claimant acquires an asset (“asset No.3”) which is not a depreciating asset, and claims under section 152 or 153—

(a) the gain held-over from asset No.1 shall be carried forward to asset No.3, and

(b) the claim which applies to asset No.2 shall be treated as withdrawn (so that subsection (2) above does not apply).

(5) The circumstances are that asset No.3 is acquired not later than the time when the chargeable gain postponed under subsection (2) above would accrue and, assuming—

(a) that the consideration for asset No.1 was applied in acquiring asset No.3, and

(b) that the time between the disposal of asset No.1 and the acquisition of asset No.3 was within the time limited by section 152(3),

the whole amount of the postponed gain could be carried forward from asset No.1 to asset No.3; and the claim under subsection (4) above shall be accepted as if those assumptions were true.

(6) If part only of the postponed gain could be carried forward from asset No.1 to asset No.3, and the claimant so requires, that and the other part of the postponed gain shall be treated as derived from 2 separate assets, so that, on that claim—

(a) subsection (4) above applies to the first-mentioned part, and

(b) the other part remains subject to subsection (2) above.

(7) For the purposes of this section, an asset is a depreciating asset at any time if—

(a) at that time it is a wasting asset, as defined in section 44, or

(b) within the period of 10 years beginning at that time it will become a wasting asset (so defined).

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C2 Ss. 152-160 modified (retrospective to 11.1.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 252(3), Sch. 24 para. 6(1)

C4 Ss. 152-154 modified (retrospective to 11.1.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 252(3), Sch. 24 para. 6(4)

C5 Ss. 152-156 modified (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 25 para. 3(2)

C13 Ss. 152-156 modified (16.7.1992) by 1992 c. 48, s. 77, Sch. 17 paras.3, 7

Ss. 152-156 modified (27.7.1993) by 1993 c. 37, s. 12, Sch. 2 Pt. I para. 6(2)

C14 S. 154 applied (retrospective to 11.1.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 252(3), Sch. 24 para. 6(5)

C15 S. 154 modified (retrospective to 11.1.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 252(3), Sch. 24 para. 6(2)

C16 S. 154 restricted (19.9.1994) by Coal industry Act 1994 (c. 21), s. 68(4), Sch. 4 para. 7(2)(b) (with Sch. 4 para. 14); S.I. 1994/2189, art. 2, Sch.

C17 S. 154 applied (19.9.1994) by Coal industry Act 1994 (c. 21), s. 68(4), Sch. 4 para. 7(6) (with Sch. 4 para. 14); S.I. 1994/2189, art. 2, Sch.

155 Relevant classes of assets. U.K.

The classes of assets for the purposes of section 152(1) are as follows.

• CLASS 1

  Assets within heads A and B below.

  • Head A

    1

    Any building or part of a building and any permanent or semi-permanent structure in the nature of a building, occupied (as well as used) only for the purposes of the trade

    2

    Any land occupied (as well as used) only for the purposes of the trade.

    Head A has effect subject to section 156.

  • Head B

    Fixed plant or machinery which does not form part of a building or of a permanent or semi-permanent structure in the nature of a building.

• CLASS 2

  Ships, aircraft and hovercraft (“hovercraft” having the same meaning as in the M1 Hovercraft Act 1968).

• CLASS 3

  Satellites, space stations and spacecraft (including launch vehicles).

• CLASS 4

  Goodwill.

• CLASS 5

  Milk quotas (that is, rights to sell dairy produce without being liable to pay milk levy or to deliver dairy produce without being liable to pay a contribution to milk levy) and potato quotas (that is, rights to produce potatoes without being liable to pay more than the ordinary contribution to the Potato Marketing Board’s fund).

• [F4 CLASS 6

  Ewe and suckler cow premium quotas (that is, rights in respect of any ewes or suckler cows to receive payments by way of any subsidy entitlement to which is determined by reference to limits contained in a Community instrument).]

Textual Amendments

F4 Words in s. 155 inserted (27.7.1993 with effect as mentioned in s. 86(4)) by 1993 c. 34, s. 86(1)(4)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C2 Ss. 152-160 modified (retrospective to 11.1.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 252(3), Sch. 24 para. 6(1)

C5 Ss. 152-156 modified (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 25 para. 3(2)

C18 Ss. 152-156 modified (16.7.1992) by 1992 c. 48, s. 77, Sch. 17 paras. 3, 7

Ss. 152-156 modified (27.7.1993) by 1993 c. 37, s. 12, Sch. 2 Pt. I para. 6(2)

Marginal Citations

M1 1968 c.59.

156 Assets of Class 1. U.K.

(1) This section has effect as respects head A of Class 1 in section 155.

(2) Head A shall not apply where the trade is a trade—

(a) of dealing in or developing land, or

(b) of providing services for the occupier of land in which the person carrying on the trade has an estate or interest.

(3) Where the trade is a trade of dealing in or developing land, but a profit on the sale of any land held for the purposes of the trade would not form part of the trading profits, then, as regards that land, the trade shall be treated for the purposes of subsection (2)(a) above as if it were not a trade of dealing in or developing land.

(4) A person who is a lessor of tied premises shall be treated as if he occupied (as well as used) those tied premises only for the purposes of the relevant trade.

This subsection shall be construed in accordance with section 98(2) of the Taxes Act (income tax and corporation tax on tied premises).

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C2 Ss. 152-160 modified (retrospective to 11.1.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 252(3), Sch. 24 para. 6(1)

C5 Ss. 152-156 modified (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 25 para. 3(2)

C19 Ss. 152-156 modified (16.7.1992) by 1992 c. 48, s. 77, Sch. 17 paras.3, 7

Ss. 152-156 modified (27.7.1993) by 1993 c. 37, s. 12, Sch. 2 Pt. I para. 6(2)

157 Trade carried on by family company: business assets dealt with by individual. U.K.

In relation to a case where—

(a) the person disposing of, or of his interest in, the old assets and acquiring the new assets, or an interest in them, is an individual, and

(b) the trade or trades in question are carried on not by that individual but by a company which, both at the time of the disposal and at the time of the acquisition referred to in paragraph (a) above, is his [F5 personal company], within the meaning of Schedule 6,

any reference in sections 152 to 156 to the person carrying on the trade (or the 2 or more trades) includes a reference to that individual.

Textual Amendments

F5 Words in s. 157 substituted (27.7.1993 with effect in relation to any disposal made on or after 16.3.1993 as mentioned in s. 87(2)) by 1993 c. 34, s. 87, Sch. 7 Pt. I para. 1(1)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C2 Ss. 152-160 modified (retrospective to 11.1.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 252(3), Sch. 24 para. 6(1)

158 Activities other than trades, and interpretation. U.K.

(1) Sections 152 to 157 shall apply with the necessary modifications—

(a) in relation to the discharge of the functions of a public authority, and

(b) in relation to the occupation of woodlands where the woodlands are managed by the occupier on a commercial basis and with a view to the realisation of profits, and

(c) in relation to a profession, vocation, office or employment, and

(d) in relation to such of the activities of a body of persons whose activities are carried on otherwise than for profit and are wholly or mainly directed to the protection or promotion of the interests of its members in the carrying on of their trade or profession as are so directed, and

(e) in relation to the activities of an unincorporated association or other body chargeable to corporation tax, being a body not established for profit whose activities are wholly or mainly carried on otherwise than for profit, but in the case of assets within head A of class 1 only if they are both occupied and used by the body, and in the case of other assets only if they are used by the body,

as they apply in relation to a trade.

(2) In sections 152 to 157 and this section the expressions “trade”, “profession”, “vocation”, “office” and “employment” have the same meanings as in the Income Tax Acts, but not so as to apply the provisions of the Income Tax Acts as to the circumstances in which, on a change in the persons carrying on a trade, a trade is to be regarded as discontinued, or as set up and commenced.

(3) Sections 152 to 157 and this section shall be construed as one.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C2 Ss. 152-160 modified (retrospective to 11.1.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 252(3), Sch. 24 para. 6(1)

C20 S. 158 applied (19.9.1994) by Coal industry Act 1994 (c. 21), s. 68(4), Sch. 4 para. 7(7) (with Sch. 4 para. 14); S.I. 1994/2189, art. 2, Sch.

159 Non-residents: roll-over relief. U.K.

(1) Section 152 shall not apply in the case of a person if the old assets are chargeable assets in relation to him at the time they are disposed of, unless the new assets are chargeable assets in relation to him immediately after the time they are acquired.

(2) Subsection (1) above shall not apply where—

(a) the person acquires the new assets after he has disposed of the old assets, and

(b) immediately after the time they are acquired the person is resident or ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom.

(3) Subsection (2) above shall not apply where immediately after the time the new assets are acquired—

(a) the person is a dual resident, and

(b) the new assets are prescribed assets.

(4) For the purposes of this section an asset is at any time a chargeable asset in relation to a person if, were it to be disposed of at that time, any chargeable gains accruing to him on the disposal—

(a) would be gains in respect of which he would be chargeable to capital gains tax under section 10(1), or

(b) would form part of his chargeable profits for corporation tax purposes by virtue of section 10(3).

(5) In this section—

• “dual resident” means a person who is resident or ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom and falls to be regarded for the purposes of any double taxation relief arrangements as resident in a territory outside the United Kingdom; and

• “prescribed asset”, in relation to a dual resident, means an asset in respect of which, by virtue of the asset being of a description specified in any double taxation relief arrangements, he falls to be regarded for the purposes of the arrangements as not liable in the United Kingdom to tax on gains accruing to him on a disposal.

(6) In this section—

(a) “the old assets” and “the new assets” have the same meanings as in section 152,

(b) references to disposal of the old assets include references to disposal of an interest in them, and

(c) references to acquisition of the new assets include references to acquisition of an interest in them or to entering into an unconditional contract for the acquisition of them.

(7) Where the acquisition of the new assets took place before 14th March 1989 and the disposal of the old assets took place, or takes place, on or after that date, this section shall not apply if the disposal of the old assets took place, or takes place, within 12 months of the acquisition of the new assets or such longer period as the Board may by notice allow.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C2 Ss. 152-160 modified (retrospective to 11.1.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 252(3), Sch. 24 para. 6(1)

F6 160 Dual resident companies: roll-over relief. U.K.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F6 S. 160 repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 251(1)(a)(6) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 251(6), Sch. 26 Pt. VIII(1)

Stock in trade U.K.

161 Appropriations to and from stock. U.K.

(1) Subject to subsection (3) below, where an asset acquired by a person otherwise than as trading stock of a trade carried on by him is appropriated by him for the purposes of the trade as trading stock (whether on the commencement of the trade or otherwise) and, if he had then sold the asset for its market value, a chargeable gain or allowable loss would have accrued to him, he shall be treated as having thereby disposed of the asset by selling it for its then market value.

(2) If at any time an asset forming part of the trading stock of a person’s trade is appropriated by him for any other purpose, or is retained by him on his ceasing to carry on the trade, he shall be treated as having acquired it at that time for a consideration equal to the amount brought into the accounts of the trade in respect of it for tax purposes on the appropriation or on his ceasing to carry on the trade, as the case may be.

(3) Subject to subsection (4) below, subsection (1) above shall not apply in relation to a person’s appropriation of an asset for the purposes of a trade if he is chargeable to income tax in respect of the profits of the trade under Case I of Schedule D, and elects that instead the market value of the asset at the time of the appropriation shall, in computing the profits of the trade for purposes of tax, be treated as reduced by the amount of the chargeable gain or increased by the amount of the allowable loss referred to in subsection (1), and where that subsection does not apply by reason of such an election, the profits of the trade shall be computed accordingly.

[F7 (3A) An election under subsection (3) above shall be made—

(a) for the purposes of capital gains tax, on or before the first anniversary of the 31st January next following the year of assessment in which ends the period of account in which the asset is appropriated for the purposes of the trade as trading stock;

(b) for the purposes of corporation tax, within 2 years after the end of the accounting period in which the asset is appropriated for the purposes of the trade as trading stock;

and in paragraph (a) above “period of account” means a period for which the accounts of the trade are made up.]

(4) If a person making an election under subsection (3) is at the time of the appropriation carrying on the trade in partnership with others, the election shall not have effect unless concurred in by the others.

Textual Amendments

F7 S. 161(3A) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 135(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1996 (c. 8), Sch. 21 para. 36

Transfer of business to a company U.K.

162 Roll-over relief on transfer of business. U.K.

(1) This section shall apply for the purposes of this Act where a person who is not a company transfers to a company a business as a going concern, together with the whole assets of the business, or together with the whole of those assets other than cash, and the business is so transferred wholly or partly in exchange for shares issued by the company to the person transferring the business.

Any shares so received by the transferor in exchange for the business are referred to below as “the new assets”.

(2) The amount determined under subsection (4) below shall be deducted from the aggregate of the chargeable gains less allowable losses (“the amount of the gain on the old assets”).

(3) For the purpose of computing any chargeable gain accruing on the disposal of any new asset—

(a) the amount determined under subsection (4) below shall be apportioned between the new assets as a whole, and

(b) the sums allowable as a deduction under section 38(1)(a) shall be reduced by the amount apportioned to the new asset under paragraph (a) above;

and if the shares which comprise the new assets are not all of the same class, the apportionment between the shares under paragraph (a) above shall be in accordance with their market values at the time they were acquired by the transferor.

(4) The amount referred to in subsections (2) and (3)(a) above shall not exceed the cost of the new assets but, subject to that, it shall be the fraction—

of the amount of the gain on the old assets where—

• “A” is the cost of the new assets, and

• “B” is the value of the whole of the consideration received by the transferor in exchange for the business;

and for the purposes of this subsection “the cost of the new assets” means any sums which would be allowable as a deduction under section 38(1)(a) if the new assets were disposed of as a whole in circumstances giving rise to a chargeable gain.

(5) References in this section to the business, in relation to shares or consideration received in exchange for the business, include references to such assets of the business as are referred to in subsection (l) above.

Retirement relief U.K.

163 Relief for disposals by individuals on retirement from family business. U.K.

(1) Relief from capital gains tax shall be given, subject to and in accordance with Schedule 6, in any case where a material disposal of business assets is made by an individual who, at the time of the disposal—

(a) has attained [F8 the age of 50], or

(b) has retired on ill-health grounds below [F8 the age of 50].

(2) For the purposes of this section and Schedule 6, a disposal of business assets is—

(a) a disposal of the whole or part of a business, or

(b) a disposal of one or more assets which, at the time at which a business ceased to be carried on, were in use for the purposes of that business, or

(c) a disposal of shares or securities of a company (including a disposal of an interest in shares which a person is treated as making by virtue of section 122),

and the question whether such a disposal is a material disposal shall be determined in accordance with the following provisions of this section.

(3) A disposal of the whole or part of a business is a material disposal if, throughout a period of at least one year ending with the date of the disposal, the relevant conditions are fulfilled and, in relation to such a disposal, those conditions are fulfilled at any time if at that time the business is owned by the individual making the disposal or—

(a) the business is owned by a company—

(i) which is a trading company, and

(ii) which is either that individual’s [F9 personal company] or a member of a trading group of which the holding company is that individual’s [F9 personal company]; and

(b) that individual is a [F10 full-time working officer or employee] of that company or, if that company is a member of a group or commercial association of companies, of one or more companies which are members of the group or association.

(4) A disposal of assets such as is mentioned in subsection (2)(b) above is a material disposal if—

(a) throughout a period of at least one year ending with the date on which the business ceased to be carried on the relevant conditions are fulfilled and, in relation to such a disposal, those conditions are fulfilled at any time if at that time either the business was owned by the individual making the disposal or paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (3) above apply; and

(b) on or before the date on which the business ceased to be carried on, the individual making the disposal had either attained [F8 the age of 50] or retired on ill-health grounds below that age; and

(c) the date on which the business ceased to be carried on falls within the permitted period before the date of the disposal.

(5) A disposal of shares or securities of a company (including such a disposal of an interest in shares as is mentioned in subsection (2)(c) above) is a material disposal if, throughout a period of at least one year ending with the operative date, the relevant conditions are fulfilled and, in relation to such a disposal, those conditions are fulfilled at any time if at that time—

(a) the individual making the disposal owns the business which, at the date of the disposal, is owned by the company or, if the company is the holding company of a trading group, by any member of the group; or

(b) the company is the individual’s [F9 personal company] and is either a trading company or the holding company of a trading group and the individual is a [F10 full-time working officer or employee] of the company or, if the company is a member of a group or commercial association of companies, of one or more companies which are members of the group or association;

and, except where subsection (6) or subsection (7) below applies, the operative date for the purposes of this subsection is the date of the disposal.

(6) In any case where—

(a) within the permitted period before the date of the disposal referred to in subsection (5) above, the company concerned either ceased to be a trading company without continuing to be or becoming a member of a trading group or ceased to be a member of a trading group without continuing to be or becoming a trading company, and

(b) on or before the date of that cessation, the individual making the disposal attained [F8 the age of 50] or retired on ill-health grounds below that age,

then, subject to subsection (7) below, the operative date for the purposes of subsection (5) above is the date of the cessation referred to in paragraph (a) above; and, where this subsection applies, the reference in subsection (5)(a) above to the date of the disposal shall also be construed as a reference to the date of that cessation.

(7) If, throughout a period which ends on the date of the disposal referred to in subsection (5) above or, if subsection (6) above applies, on the date of the cessation referred to in paragraph (a) of that subsection and which begins when the individual concerned ceased to be a [F10 full-time working officer or employee] of the company or, if that company is a member of a group or commercial association of companies, of one or more companies which are members of the group or association—

(a) the company concerned was his [F9 personal company] and either a trading company or the holding company of a trading group, and

(b) he was [F11 an officer or employee] of the company concerned or, as the case may be, of one or more members of the group or association and, in that capacity, devoted at least 10 hours per week (averaged over the period) to the service of the company or companies in a technical or managerial capacity,

the operative date for the purposes of subsection (5) above is the date on which the individual ceased to be a [F10 full-time working officer or employee] as mentioned above.

(8) For the purposes of this section—

(a) any reference to the disposal of the whole or part of a business by an individual includes a reference to the disposal by him of his interest in the assets of a partnership carrying on the business; and

(b) subject to paragraph (a) above, at any time when a business is carried on by a partnership, the business shall be treated as owned by each individual who is at that time a member of the partnership.

(9) Part I of Schedule 6 shall have effect for the interpretation of this section as well as of that Schedule.

Textual Amendments

F8 Words in s. 163 substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 176(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1996 (c. 8), s. 176(1)

F9 Words in s. 163 substituted (2.7.7.1993 with effect in relation to any disposal made on or after 16.3.1993 as mentioned in s. 87(2)) by 1993 c. 34, s. 87, Sch. 7 Pt. I para. 1(1)

F10 Words in s. 163 substituted (27.7.1993 with effect in relation to any disposal made on or after 16.3.1993 as mentioned in s. 87(2)) by 1993 c. 34, s. 87, Sch. 7 Pt. I para. 2(1)

F11 Words in s. 163(7)(b) substituted (27.7.1993 with effect in relation to any disposal made on or after 16.3.1993 as mentioned in s. 87(2)) by 1993 c. 34, s. 87, Sch. 7 Pt. I para. 2(2)

164 Other retirement relief. U.K.

(1) Relief from capital gains tax shall be given, subject to and in accordance with Schedule 6, in any case where an individual—

(a) who has attained [F12 the age of 50], or

(b) who has retired on ill-health grounds below [F12 the age of 50],

makes a relevant disposal of the whole or part of the assets provided or held for the purposes of an office or employment exercised by him; and, if he ceases to exercise that office or employment before the date of the relevant disposal, the date on which he ceased to exercise it is in subsection (2) below referred to as the “prior cessation date”.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) above, a disposal of the whole or part of the assets provided or held as mentioned in that subsection is a relevant disposal if—

(a) throughout a period of at least one year ending with the date of the disposal or, where applicable, the prior cessation date, the office or employment was the full-time occupation of the individual making the disposal; and

(b) that office or employment is other than that of [F13 officer or employee] of a company which is either the [F14 personal company] of the individual concerned or is a member of a trading group of which the holding company is his [F14 personal company]; and

(c) where there is a prior cessation date, the individual either had attained [F12 the age of 50] on or before that date or on that date retired on ill-health grounds below that age; and

(d) where there is a prior cessation date, the disposal takes place within the permitted period after the cessation date.

(3) Relief from capital gains tax shall be given, subject to and in accordance with Schedule 6, where—

(a) the trustees of a settlement dispose of—

(i) shares or securities of a company, or

(ii) an asset used or previously used for the purposes of a business,

being, in either case, part of the settled property; and

(b) the conditions in subsection (4) or, as the case may be, subsection (5) below are fulfilled with respect to a beneficiary who, under the settlement, has an interest in possession in the whole of the settled property or, as the case may be, in a part of it which consists of or includes the shares or securities or the asset referred to in paragraph (a) above, but excluding, for this purpose, an interest for a fixed term; and in those subsections that beneficiary is referred to as “the qualifying beneficiary”.

(4) In relation to a disposal of shares or securities of a company (including such a disposal of an interest in shares as is mentioned in section 163(2)(c)), the conditions referred to in subsection (3)(b) above are—

(a) that, throughout a period of at least one year ending not earlier than the permitted period before the disposal, the company was the qualifying beneficiary’s [F14 personal company] and either a trading company or the holding company of a trading group; and

(b) that, throughout a period of at least one year ending as mentioned in paragraph (a) above, the qualifying beneficiary was a [F15 full-time working officer or employee] of the company or, if the company is a member of a group or commercial association of companies, of one or more companies which are members of the group or association; and

(c) that, on the date of the disposal or within the permitted period before that date, the qualifying beneficiary ceased to be a [F15 full-time working officer or employee] as mentioned in paragraph (b) above, having attained [F12 the age of 50] or retired on ill-health grounds below that age.

(5) In relation to a disposal of an asset, the conditions referred to in subsection (3)(b) above are—

(a) that, throughout a period of at least one year ending not earlier than the permitted period before the disposal, the asset was used for the purposes of a business carried on by the qualifying beneficiary; and

(b) that, on the date of the disposal or within the permitted period before that date, the qualifying beneficiary ceased to carry on the business referred to in paragraph (a) above; and

(c) that, on or before the date of the disposal or, if it was earlier, the date on which the qualifying beneficiary ceased to carry on that business, he attained [F12 the age of 50] or retired on ill-health grounds below that age.

(6) In any case where—

(a) by virtue of section 163, relief falls to be given, in accordance with Schedule 6, in respect of a material disposal of business assets which either consists of the disposal by an individual of his interest in the assets of a partnership or is of a description falling within subsection (5) of that section, and

(b) the individual making that material disposal makes an associated disposal of assets, as defined in subsection (7) below,

relief from capital gains tax shall also be given, subject to and in accordance with that Schedule in respect of the associated disposal.

(7) In relation to a material disposal of business assets, a disposal of an asset is an associated disposal if—

(a) it takes place as part of a withdrawal of the individual concerned from participation in the business carried on by the partnership referred to in subsection (6)(a) above or, as the case may be, by the company which owns the business as mentioned in section 163(5)(a); and

(b) immediately before the material disposal or, if it was earlier, the cessation of the business mentioned in paragraph (a) above, the asset was in use for the purposes of that business; and

(c) during the whole or part of the period in which the asset has been in the ownership of the individual making the disposal the asset has been used—

(i) for the purposes of the business mentioned in paragraph (a) above (whether or not carried on by the partnership or company there referred to); or

(ii) for the purposes of another business carried on by the individual or by a partnership of which the individual concerned was a member; or

(iii) for the purposes of another business in respect of which the conditions in paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (3) of section 163 were fulfilled.

(8) In subsections (6) and (7) above “material disposal of business assets” has the same meaning as in section 163 and Part I of Schedule 6 shall have effect for the interpretation of this section as well as of that Schedule.

Textual Amendments

F12 Words in s. 164 substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 176(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1996 (c. 8), s. 176(1)

F13 Words in s. 164(2)(b) substituted (27.7.1993 with effect in relation to any disposal made on or after 16.3.1993 as mentioned in s. 87(2)) by 1993 c. 34, s. 87, Sch. 7 Pt. I para. 2(3)

F14 Words in s. 164 substituted (27.7.1993 with effect in relation to any disposal made on or after 16.3.1993 as mentioned in s. 87(2)) by 1993 c. 34, s. 87, Sch. 7 Pt. I para. 1(1)

F15 Words in s. 164 substituted (27.7.1993 with effect in relation to any disposal made on or after 16.3.1993 as mentioned in s. 87(2)) by 1993 c. 34, s. 87, Sch. 7 Pt. I para. 2(1)

[F16 Chapter IA U.K. Roll-over relief on re-investment

Textual Amendments

F16 Ss. 164A-164N (Pt. V, Ch. 1A) inserted (27.7.1993 with effect in relation to any disposal made on or after 16.3.1993 as mentioned in s. 87(2)) by 1993 c. 34, s. 87, Sch. 7 Pt. II para.3

164A Relief on re-investment for individuals. U.K.

(1) Subject to the following provisions of this Chapter, roll-over relief under this section shall be available where—

(a) a chargeable gain would (apart from this section) accrue to any individual (“the re-investor”) [F17 on any disposal by him of any asset (“the asset disposed of”); and]

(b) that individual acquires a qualifying investment at any time in the qualifying period.

(2) F18 ..., where roll-over relief under this section is available, the re-investor shall, on making a claim as respects the qualifying investment, be treated—

(a) as if the consideration for the disposal of the [F19 asset disposed of] were reduced by whichever is the smallest of the following, that is to say—

(i) the amount of the chargeable gain which apart from this subsection would accrue on the disposal of the [F19 asset disposed of], so far as that amount has not already been held over by way of reductions under this subsection,

(ii) the actual amount or value of the consideration for the acquisition of the qualifying investment,

(iii) in the case of a qualifying investment acquired otherwise than by a transaction at arm’s length, the market value of that investment at the time of its acquisition, and

(iv) the amount specified for the purposes of this subsection in the claim;

and

(b) as if the amount or value of the consideration for the acquisition of the qualifying investment were reduced by the amount of the reduction made under paragraph (a) above,

but neither paragraph (a) nor paragraph (b) above shall affect the treatment for the purposes of this Act of the other party to the transaction involving the [F19 asset disposed of] or of the other party to the transaction involving the qualifying investment.

[F20 (2A) Where the chargeable gain referred to in subsection (1)(a) above is one which (apart from this section) would be deemed to accrue by virtue of section 116(10)(b)—

(a) any reduction falling to be made by virtue of subsection (2)(a) above shall be treated as one made in the consideration mentioned in section 116(10)(a), instead of in the consideration for the disposal of the asset disposed of; but

(b) if the disposal on which that gain is deemed to accrue is a disposal of only part of the new asset, it shall be assumed, for the purpose only of making a reduction affecting the amount of that gain—

(i) that the disposal is a disposal of the whole of a new asset,

(ii) that the gain accruing on that disposal relates to an old asset consisting in the corresponding part of what was in fact the old asset, and

(iii) that the corresponding part of the consideration deemed to be given for what was in fact the old asset is taken to be the consideration by reference to which the amount of that gain is computed;

and in this subsection “new asset” and “old asset” have the same meanings as in section 116.

(2B) Where a chargeable gain accrues in accordance with subsection (12) of section 116, this Chapter shall have effect—

(a) as if that gain were a gain accruing on the disposal of an asset; and

(b) in relation to that deemed disposal, as if references in this Chapter to the consideration for the disposal were references to the sum of money falling, apart from this Chapter, to be used in computing the gain accruing under that subsection.]

F21 (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F21 (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F21 (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F21 (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F21 (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F22 (8) For the purposes of this section, a person who acquires any eligible shares in a qualifying company shall be regarded as acquiring a qualifying investment unless, where the asset disposed of consisted of shares in or other securities of any company (“the initial holding”), the qualifying company—

(a) is the company in which the initial holding subsisted, or

(b) is a company that was, at the time of the disposal of the initial holding, or is, at the time of the acquisition of the qualifying investment, a member of the same group of companies as the company in which the initial holding subsisted.]

(9) For the purposes of this section the acquisition of a qualifying investment shall be taken to be in the qualifying period if, and only if, it takes place—

(a) at any time in the period beginning 12 months before and ending 3 years after the disposal of the [F23 asset disposed of], or

(b) at such time before the beginning of that period or after it ends as the Board may by notice allow.

(10) The provisions of this Act fixing the amount of the consideration deemed to be given for the acquisition or disposal of assets shall be applied before this section is applied; and, without prejudice to the generality of this subsection, section 42(5) shall apply in relation to an adjustment under this section of the consideration for the acquisition of any shares as it applies in relation to an adjustment under any enactment to secure that neither a gain nor a loss accrues on a disposal.

F24 (11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F25 (12) Without prejudice to section 52(4), where consideration is given for the acquisition of any assets some of which are shares to the acquisition of which a claim under this section relates and some of which are not, the consideration shall be apportioned in such manner as is just and reasonable.]

[F26 (13) Where an acquisition is made on or after 29th November 1994 section 164H shall be ignored in deciding whether it is an acquisition of a qualifying investment for the purposes of this section.]

[F27 (14) This section is subject to sections 164FF and 164FG.]

Textual Amendments

F17 Words in s. 164A(1)(a) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 2(a)

F18 Words in s. 164A(2) repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 2(b), Sch. 26 Pt. V(7)

F19 Words in s. 164A(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 2(b)

F20 S. 164A(2A)(2B) inserted (retrospectively) by Finance Act 1996 (c. 8), s. 177

F21 Ss. 164A(3)-(7) repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 2(c), Sch. 26 Pt. V(7)

F22 S. 164A(8) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 7

F23 Words in s. 164A(9) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 2(d)

F24 S. 164A(11) repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 8, Sch. 26 Pt. V(7)

F25 S. 164A(12) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 2(e)

F26 S. 164A(13) inserted (1.5.1995) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 46(2)

F27 S. 164A(14) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 47(6)(7) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 47(2)

[F28 164B Roll-over relief on re-investment by trustees. U.K.

(1) Subject to the following provisions of this section, section 164A shall apply, as it applies in such a case as is mentioned in subsection (1) of that section, where there is—

(a) a disposal by the trustees of a settlement of any asset comprised in any settled property to which this section applies, and

(b) such an acquisition by those trustees of eligible shares in a qualifying company as would for the purposes of that section be an acquisition of a qualifying investment at a time in the qualifying period.

(2) This section applies—

(a) to any settled property in which the interests of the beneficiaries are not interests in possession, if all the beneficiaries are individuals, and

(b) to any settled property in which the interests of the beneficiaries are interests in possession, if any of the beneficiaries are individuals,

and references in this section to individuals include any charity.

(3) If, at the time of the disposal of the asset mentioned in subsection (1)(a) above, the settled property comprising that asset is property to which this section applies by virtue of subsection (2)(b) above but not all the beneficiaries are individuals, then—

(a) only the relevant proportion of the gain which would accrue to the trustees on the disposal shall be taken into account for the purposes of section 164A(2)(a)(i), and

(b) no reduction under section 164A(2) shall be made in respect of the whole or any part of the balance of the gain.

(4) Section 164A shall not apply by virtue of this section in a case where, at the time of the disposal of the asset mentioned in subsection (1)(a) above, the settled property which comprises that asset is property to which this section applies by virtue of subsection (2)(a) above unless, immediately after the acquisition of shares mentioned in subsection (1)(b) above, the settled property comprising the shares is also property to which this section applies by virtue of subsection (2)(a) above.

(5) Section 164A shall not apply by virtue of this section in a case where, at the time of the disposal of the asset mentioned in subsection (1)(a) above, the settled property which comprises that asset is property to which this section applies by virtue of subsection (2)(b) above unless, immediately after the acquisition of shares mentioned in subsection (1)(b) above—

(a) the settled property comprising the shares is also property to which this section applies by virtue of subsection (2)(b) above, and

(b) if not all the beneficiaries are individuals, the relevant proportion is not less than the proportion which was the relevant proportion at the time of the disposal of the asset mentioned in subsection (1)(a) above.

(6) If, at any time, in the case of settled property to which this section applies by virtue of subsection (2)(b) above, both individuals and others have interests in possession, the relevant proportion at that time is the proportion which the amount specified in paragraph (a) below bears to the amount specified in paragraph (b) below, that is—

(a) the total amount of the income of the settled property, being income the interests in which are held by beneficiaries who are individuals, and

(b) the total amount of all the income of the settled property.

(7) Where, in the case of any settled property in which any beneficiary holds an interest in possession, one or more beneficiaries (“the relevant beneficiaries”) hold interests not in possession, this section shall apply as if—

(a) the interests of the relevant beneficiaries were a single interest in possession, and

(b) that interest were held, where all the relevant beneficiaries are individuals, by an individual and, in any other case, by a person who is not an individual.

(8) In this section references to interests in possession do not include interests for a fixed term.]]

Textual Amendments

F28 S. 164B substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 3

[F29 164BA Interaction with retirement relief U.K.

(1) The provisions of section 164A for making any reduction shall apply before any provisions for calculating the amount of, or giving effect to, any relief under section 163 or 164; and references in that section and this to a chargeable gain (except the second reference in subsection (4)(a) below) shall be construed accordingly.

(2) Subsection (3) below applies where—

(a) any claim for relief is made under section 164A in respect of any chargeable gain, and

(b) apart from this Chapter, the whole or any part of that gain would be relieved under section 163 or 164.

(3) For the purpose of giving relief under section 163 or 164, any reduction under section 164A shall be treated as having been made first against the unrelieved part of the chargeable gain; and only the amount (if any) which is equal to the unrelieved part of the chargeable gain after that reduction shall be treated as exceeding the amount available for relief.

(4) For the purposes of this section—

(a) the unrelieved part of a chargeable gain is so much of that gain as, apart from this Chapter, would constitute a chargeable gain after the application of the appropriate paragraph of Schedule 6,

(b) “amount available for relief” has the same meaning as in the appropriate paragraph of that Schedule, and

(c) the “appropriate paragraph” means, as the case may be, paragraph 6, 7(1)(b) or 8(1)(b).]

Textual Amendments

F29 S. 164BA inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 8

F30 164C Restriction applying to retirement relief and roll-over relief on re-investment. U.K.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F30 Ss. 164C-164E repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 4, Sch. 26 Pt. V(7)

F30 164D Relief carried forward into replacement shares. U.K.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F30 Ss. 164C-164E repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 4, Sch. 26 Pt. V(7)

F30 164E Application of Chapter in cases of an exchange of shares. U.K.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F30 Ss. 164C-164E repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 4, Sch. 26 Pt. V(7)

[F16 164F Failure of conditions of relief. U.K.

[F31 (1) This section shall apply where a person has acquired any eligible shares in a qualifying company (“the acquired holding”) for a consideration which is treated as reduced, under section 164A or this section, by any amount (“the held-over gain”).]

(2) Subject to the following provisions of this section, if at any time in the relevant period—

(a) the shares comprised in the acquired holding cease to be eligible shares,

(b) the company in which the acquired holding subsists ceases to be a qualifying company,

(c) the person who acquired the acquired holding becomes neither resident nor ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom, or

(d) any of the shares comprised in the acquired holding are included in the original shares (within the meaning of sections 127 to 130) in the case of any transaction with respect to which section 116 has effect,

a chargeable gain equal to the appropriate proportion of the held-over gain shall be treated as accruing to that person immediately before that time or, in a case falling within paragraph (d) above, immediately before the disposal assumed for the purposes of section 116(10)(a).

[F32 (2A) In deciding for the purposes of subsection (2)(b) above whether a company is a qualifying company at a time falling on or after 29th November 1994 section 164H shall be ignored.]

(3) For the purposes of this section the appropriate proportion of the held-over gain is so much, if any, of that gain as has not already been [F33 charged on any disposal or under this section] or, in a case to which subsection (2) above applies by virtue of paragraph (d) of that subsection or in accordance with subsection (7) below, such part of that proportion of that gain as is just and reasonable having regard to the extent to which the acquired holding comprises the original shares.

[F34 (4) For the purposes of this section the whole or a part of any held-over gain on the acquisition of the acquired holding shall be treated—

(a) in accordance with subsection (4A) below as charged on any disposal in relation to which the whole or any part of the held-over gain falls to be taken into account in determining the chargeable gain or allowable loss accruing on the disposal, and

(b) as charged under this section so far as it falls to be disregarded in accordance with subsection (11) below.

(4A) In the case of any such disposal as is mentioned in subsection (4)(a) above, the amount of the held-over gain charged on that disposal—

(a) shall, except in the case of a part disposal, be the amount taken into account as so mentioned, and

(b) in the case of a part disposal, shall be calculated by multiplying the following, that is to say—

(i) so much of the amount of the held-over gain as has not already been charged on a previous disposal, and

(ii) the fraction used in accordance with section 42(2) for determining, subject to any deductions in pursuance of this Chapter, the amount allowable as a deduction in the computation of the gain accruing on the disposal in question.]

(5) Where the acquired holding or any asset treated as comprised in a single asset with the whole or any part of that holding has been disposed of under section 58 by the individual who acquired that holding to another person (“the spouse”)—

(a) the spouse shall not (subject to the following provisions of this subsection) be treated for the purposes of this section as a person who has acquired eligible shares for a consideration which is treated as reduced under section 164A F35 ... ;

(b) the disposal shall not be included in the disposals on which the whole or any part of the held-over gain may be treated as charged for the purposes of this section;

(c) disposals by the spouse, as well as disposals by that individual, shall be taken into account for the purposes of [F36 subsections (4) and (4A) above];

(d) any charge under subsection (2) above (other than one by virtue paragraph (c) of that subsection) shall be apportioned between that individual and the spouse according to the extent to which the appropriate proportion of the held-over gain would be charged on the disposal by each of them of their respective holdings (if any);

(e) paragraph (c) of that subsection shall have effect as if the reference in that paragraph to that individual included a reference to the spouse;

(f) a charge by virtue of that paragraph shall be imposed only on a person who becomes neither resident nor ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom; and

(g) the amount of the charge imposed on any person by virtue of that paragraph shall be that part of the charge on the appropriate proportion of the held-over gain which would be apportioned to that person in a case to which paragraph (d) above applies.

(6) Subject to subsection (7) below, where the qualifying company in which the acquired holding subsists ceases to be an unquoted company this section shall have effect as if the relevant period ended immediately before it so ceased.

(7) Where there is a transaction by virtue of which any shares in a company are to be regarded under section 127 as the same asset as the acquired holding or the whole or any part of an asset comprising that holding, this section shall not apply by virtue of subsection (2)(a) or (b) above except where—

(a) those shares are not, or cease to be, eligible shares in that company;

(b) neither that company nor (if different) the company in which the acquired holding subsisted —

(i) is or continues to be a qualifying company; or

(ii) would be or continue to be a qualifying company if it were an unquoted company;

(c) the transaction is one by virtue of which the shares comprised in the acquired holding cease to be eligible shares in pursuance of section 164L; or

(d) there is a transaction by virtue of which any shares at any time comprised in the acquired holding would have so ceased in pursuance of that section.

(8) This section shall not apply by virtue of subsection (2)(a) or (b) above where the company in which the acquired holding subsists is wound up or dissolved without winding up and—

(a) F37 ... the winding up or dissolution is for bona fide commercial reasons and not part of a scheme or arrangement the main purpose of which, or one of the main purposes of which, is the avoidance of tax; and

(b) the company’s net assets (if any) are distributed to its members or dealt with as bona vacantia before the end of the period of 3 years from the commencement of the winding up or, as the case may be, from the dissolution.

(9) This section shall not apply by virtue of subsection (2)(c) above in relation to any person if—

(a) the reason for his becoming neither resident nor ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom is that he works in an employment or office all the duties of which are performed outside the United Kingdom, and

(b) he again becomes resident or ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom within the period of 3 years from the time when he ceases to be so, without having meanwhile disposed of any eligible shares in the company in question;

and, accordingly, no assessment shall be made by virtue of subsection (2)(c) above before the end of that period in any case where the condition in paragraph (a) above is satisfied and the condition in paragraph (b) above may be satisfied.

(10) For the purposes of subsection (9) above a person shall be taken to have disposed of an asset if there has been such a disposal as would, if the person making the disposal had been resident in the United Kingdom, have been a disposal on which F38 ... the whole or any part of the held-over gain would have been charged.

[F39 (10A) Where (apart from this subsection) a chargeable gain of any amount would by virtue of subsection (2) above accrue to the person who acquired the acquired holding but, within the period mentioned in subsection (10B) below, that person acquires a qualifying investment (within the meaning of section 164A), that person shall, on making a claim as respects the qualifying investment, be treated—

(a) as if the amount of the gain were reduced by whichever is the smallest of the following—

(i) the actual amount or value of the consideration for the acquisition of the qualifying investment,

(ii) in the case of a qualifying investment acquired otherwise than by a transaction at arm’s length, the market value of that investment at the time of its acquisition,

(iii) the amount specified for the purposes of this subsection in the claim, and

(b) as if the amount or value of the consideration for the acquisition of the qualifying investment were reduced by the amount of the reduction made under paragraph (a) above;

but paragraph (b) above shall not affect the treatment for the purposes of this Act of the other party to the transaction involving the qualifying investment.

(10B) The period referred to in subsection (10A) above is the period (not including any period before the acquisition of the acquired holding) which begins 12 months before and ends 3 years after the time when the chargeable gain accrues or would but for that subsection accrue, together with any such further period after the disposal as the Board may by notice allow.]

[F40 (10C) Subsection (10A) above is subject to sections 164FF and 164FG.]

(11) Gains on disposals made after a chargeable gain has under this section been deemed to accrue in respect of the acquired holding to any person shall be computed as if so much of the held-over gain as is equal to the amount of the chargeable gain were to be disregarded.

(12) In this section “the relevant period” means (subject to subsection (6) above) the period of 3 years after the acquisition of the acquired holding.]

Textual Amendments

F31 S. 164F(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2), Sch. 11 para. 9(2)(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 9(1)(a)

F32 S. 164F(2A) inserted (1.5.1995) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 46(3)

F33 Words in s. 164F(3) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2), Sch. 11 para. 9(2)(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 9(1)(b)

F34 S. 164F(4)(4A) substituted for s. 164F(4) (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2), Sch. 11 para. 9(2)(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 9(1)(c)

F35 Words in s. 164F(5)(a) repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2), Sch. 11 para. 9(2)(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 9(1)(d)(i), Sch. 26 Pt. V(7)

F36 Words in s. 164F(5)(c) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2), Sch. 11 para. 9(2)(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 9(1)(d)(ii)

F37 Words in s. 164F(8)(a) repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 134(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1996 (c. 8), Sch. 20 para. 55, Sch. 41 Pt. V(10)

F38 Words in s. 164F(10) repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2), Sch. 11 para. 9(2)(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 9(1)(e), Sch. 26 Pt. V(7)

F39 S. 164F(10A)(10B) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2), Sch. 11 para. 9(2)(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 9(1)(f)

F40 S. 164F(10C) inserted (with application in accordance with s. 47(6)(7) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 47(3)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C21 S. 164F(1) modified (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 9(2)(a)(3)

C22 S. 164F(3) modified (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 9(2)(b)(3)

C23 S. 164F(4A)(a) modified (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 9(2)(c)(3)

C24 S. 164F(4A)(b)(i) modified (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 9(2)(c)(3)

[F41 164FF Qualifying investment acquired from husband or wife. U.K.

(1) This section applies where—

(a) a claim is made under subsection (2) of section 164A or subsection (10A) of section 164F; and

(b) the qualifying investment as respects which the claim is made is acquired by a disposal to which section 58 applies.

(2) The amounts by reference to which the reduction is determined shall be treated as including the amount of the consideration which the claimant would under this Act be treated as having given for the qualifying investment if he had, immediately upon acquiring the qualifying investment, disposed of it on a disposal which was not a no gain/no loss disposal.

(3) Where—

(a) the claimant makes a disposal, which is not a no gain/no loss disposal, of the qualifying investment, and

(b) any disposal after 31st March 1982 and before he acquired the qualifying investment was a no gain/no loss disposal,

nothing in paragraph 1 of Schedule 3, section 35 or section 55 shall operate to defeat the reduction falling to be made under section 164A(2)(b) or, as the case may be, section 164F(10A)(b) in the consideration for the acquisition of the qualifying investment.

(4) Where—

(a) the claimant makes a disposal of the qualifying investment and that disposal is a disposal to which section 58 applies, and

(b) any disposal after 31st March 1982 and before the claimant acquired the qualifying investment was a no gain/no loss disposal,

nothing in the application of paragraph 1 of Schedule 3, section 35 or section 55 to the person to whom the claimant makes the disposal of the qualifying investment shall operate to defeat the reduction made under section 164A(2)(b) or, as the case may be, section 164F(10A)(b).

(5) For the purposes of this section a no gain/no loss disposal is one on which by virtue of any of the enactments specified in section 35(3)(d) neither a gain nor a loss accrues.]

Textual Amendments

F41 S. 164FF inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 47(6) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 47(4)

[F42 164FG Multiple claims. U.K.

(1) This section applies where—

(a) a reduction is claimed by a person as respects a qualifying investment under subsection (2) of section 164A or subsection (10A) of section 164F; and

(b) any other reduction has been or is being claimed by that person under either subsection as respects that investment.

(2) Subject to subsection (5) below, the reductions shall be treated as claimed separately in such sequence as the claimant elects F43 ... .

(3) In relation to a later claim as respects the qualifying investment under either subsection, the subsection shall have effect as if each of the relevant amounts were reduced by the aggregate of any reductions made in the amount or value of the consideration for the acquisition of that investment by virtue of any earlier claims as respects that investment.

(4) In subsection (3) above “the relevant amounts” means—

(a) if the claim is under section 164A(2), the amounts referred to in subsection (2)(a)(ii) and (iii) and any amount required to be included by virtue of section 164FF(2); and

(b) if the claim is under section 164F(10A), the amounts referred to in subsection (10A)(a)(i) and (ii) and any amount required to be included by virtue of section 164FF(2).

(5) A claim that has become final shall be treated as made earlier than any claim that has not become final.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5) above, a claim becomes final when—

(a) it may no longer be amended, or

(b) it is finally determined,

whichever occurs first.]

Textual Amendments

F42 S. 164FG inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 47(7) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 47(5)

F43 Words in s. 164FG(2) repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 134(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1996 (c. 8), Sch. 20 para. 56, Sch. 41 Pt. V(10)

[F16 164G Meaning of “qualifying company". U.K.

(1) Subject to section 164H, a company is a qualifying company for the purposes of this Chapter if it complies with this section.

(2) Subject to the following provisions of this section, a company complies with this section if it is—

(a) an unquoted company which exists wholly for the purpose of carrying on one or more qualifying trades or which so exists apart from purposes capable of having no significant effect (other than in relation to incidental matters) on the extent of the company’s activities;

(b) an unquoted company whose business consists entirely in the holding of shares in or other securities of, or the making of loans to, one or more qualifying subsidiaries of the company; or

(c) an unquoted company whose business consists entirely in—

(i) the holding of such shares or securities, or the making of such loans; and

(ii) the carrying on of one or more qualifying trades.

(3) A company does not comply with this section if—

(a) it controls (whether on its own or together with any person connected with it) any company which is not a qualifying subsidiary or, without controlling it, has a 51 per cent. subsidiary which is not a qualifying subsidiary;

(b) it is under the control of another company (or of another company and a person connected with the other company) or, without being controlled by it, is a 51 per cent. subsidiary of another company; or

(c) arrangements are in existence by virtue of which the company could fall within paragraph (a) or (b) above;

and in this subsection “51 per cent. subsidiary” has the meaning given by section 838 of the Taxes Act.

(4) In this section “qualifying subsidiary”, in relation to a company (“the holding company”), means any company which is a member of a group of companies of which the holding company is the principal company, and of which each of the members, or each of the members other than the holding company, is a company falling within subsection (5) below.

(5) A company falls within this subsection if—

(a) it is such a company as is mentioned in subsection (2)(a) above;

(b) it exists wholly for the purpose of holding and managing property used by the holding company or any of the holding company’s other subsidiaries for the purposes of—

(i) research and development from which it is intended that a qualifying trade to be carried on by the holding company or any of those other subsidiaries will be derived, or

(ii) one or more qualifying trades so carried on;

(c) it would exist wholly for such a purpose apart from purposes capable of having no significant effect (other than in relation to incidental matters) on the extent of the company’s activities; or

(d) it has no profits for the purposes of corporation tax and no part of its business consists in the making of investments.

(6) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (2) above or to section 164F(8), a company ceases to comply with this section if—

(a) a resolution is passed, or an order is made, for the winding up of the company;

(b) in the case of a winding up otherwise than under the M2 Insolvency Act 1986 or the M3 Insolvency (Northern Ireland) Order 1989, any other act is done for the like purpose; or

(c) the company is dissolved without winding up.]

Marginal Citations

M2 1986 c. 45.

M3 S.I. 1989/2405 (N.I. 19).

[F16 164H Property companies etc. not to be qualifying companies. U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter a company is not a qualifying company at any time when the value of the interests in land held by the company [F44 exceeds] half the value of the company’s chargeable assets F45 ... [F46 or half the value of the company’s assets as a whole (whichever is the greater); and section 294(3) and (4) of the Taxes Act (meaning of value of company’s assets as a whole) applies for the purposes of this subsection as it applies for the purposes of section 294 of that Act].

(2) For the purposes of this section the value of the interests in land held by a company at any time shall be arrived at by first aggregating the market value at that time of each of those interests and then deducting—

(a) the amount of any debts of the company which are secured on any of those interests (including any debt secured by a floating charge on property which comprises any of those interests);

(b) the amount of any unsecured debts of the company which do not fall due for payment before the end of the period of 12 months beginning with that time; and

(c) the amount paid up in respect of those shares of the company (if any) which carry a present or future preferential right to the company’s assets on its winding up.

(3) In this section “interest in land” means any estate or interest in land, any right in or over land or affecting the use or disposition of land, and any right to obtain such an estate, interest or right from another which is conditional on that other’s ability to grant the estate, interest or right in question, except that it does not include—

(a) the interest of a creditor (other than a creditor in respect of a rentcharge) whose debt is secured by way of a mortgage, an agreement for a mortgage or a charge of any kind over land; or

(b) in the case of land in Scotland, the interest of a creditor in a charge or security of any kind over land.

(4) For the purposes of this section, the value of an interest in any building or other land shall be adjusted by deducting the market value of any machinery or plant which is so installed or otherwise fixed in or to the building or other land as, in law, to become part of it.

(5) In arriving at the value of any interest in land for the purposes of this section—

(a) it shall be assumed that there is no source of mineral deposits in the land of a kind which it would be practicable to exploit by extracting them from underground otherwise than by means of opencast mining or quarrying; and

(b) any borehole on the land shall be disregarded if it was made in the course of oil exploration.

(6) Where a company is a member of a partnership which holds any interest in land—

(a) that interest shall, for the purposes of this section, be treated as an interest in land held by the company; but

(b) its value at any time shall, for those purposes, be taken to be such fraction of its value (apart from this subsection) as is equal to the fraction of the assets of the partnership to which the company would be entitled if the partnership were dissolved at that time.

(7) Where a company is a member of a group of companies all the members of the group shall be treated as a single company for the purposes of this section; but any debt owed by, or liability of, one member of the group to another shall be disregarded for those purposes.]

Textual Amendments

F44 Word in s. 164H(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 91(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 91(3)(a)

F45 Words in s. 164H(1) repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 5, Sch. 26 Pt. V(7)

F46 Words in s. 164H(1) added (with effect in accordance with s. 91(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 91(3)(b)

[F16 164I Qualifying trades. U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter—

(a) a trade is a qualifying trade if it complies with the requirements of this section; and

(b) the carrying on of any activities of research and development from which it is intended that a trade complying with those requirements will be derived shall be treated as the carrying on of a qualifying trade.

(2) Subject to the following provisions of this section, a trade complies with this section if neither that trade nor a substantial part of it consists in one or more of the following activities, that is to say—

(a) dealing in land, in commodities or futures or in shares, securities or other financial instruments;

(b) dealing in goods otherwise than in the course of an ordinary trade of wholesale or retail distribution;

(c) banking, insurance, money-lending, debt-factoring, hire-purchase financing or other financial activities;

(d) leasing (including letting ships on charter or other assets on hire) or receiving royalties or licence fees;

(e) providing legal or accountancy services;

(f) providing services or facilities for any such trade carried on by another person as—

(i) consists, to a substantial extent, in activities within any of paragraphs (a) to (e) above; and

(ii) is a trade in which a controlling interest is held by a person who also has a controlling interest in the trade carried on by the company providing the services or facilities;

(g) property development;

(h) farming;

but this subsection shall have effect in relation to a qualifying trade carried on by a member of a group of companies, as if the reference in paragraph (f) above to another person did not include a reference to the principal company of the group.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2)(b) above—

(a) a trade of wholesale distribution is one in which the goods are offered for sale and sold to persons for resale by them, or for processing and resale by them, to members of the general public for their use or consumption;

(b) a trade of retail distribution is one in which the goods are offered for sale and sold to members of the general public for their use or consumption; and

(c) a trade is not an ordinary trade of wholesale or retail distribution if—

(i) it consists, to a substantial extent, in dealing in goods of a kind which are collected or held as an investment, or of that activity and any other activity of a kind falling within subsection (2) above, taken together; and

(ii) a substantial proportion of those goods are held by the company for a period which is significantly longer than the period for which a vendor would reasonably be expected to hold them while endeavouring to dispose of them at their market value.

(4) In determining for the purposes of this Chapter whether a trade carried on by any person is an ordinary trade of wholesale or retail distribution, regard shall be had to the extent to which it has the following features, that is to say—

(a) the goods are bought by that person in quantities larger than those in which he sells them;

(b) the goods are bought and sold by that person in different markets;

(c) that person employs staff and incurs expenses in the trade in addition to the cost of the goods and, in the case of a trade carried on by a company, to any remuneration paid to any person connected with it;

(d) there are purchases or sales from or to persons who are connected with that person;

(e) purchases are matched with forward sales or vice versa;

(f) the goods are held by that person for longer than is normal for goods of the kind in question;

(g) the trade is carried on otherwise than at a place or places commonly used for wholesale or retail trade;

(h) that person does not take physical possession of the goods;

and for the purposes of this subsection the features specified in paragraphs (a) to (c) above shall be regarded as indications that the trade is such an ordinary trade and those in paragraphs (d) to (h) above shall be regarded as indications of the contrary.

[F47 (4A) In deciding whether a trade complies with this section at a time falling on or after 29th November 1994 paragraphs (g) and (h) of subsection (2) above shall be ignored.]

(5) A trade shall not be treated as failing to comply with this section by reason only of its consisting, to a substantial extent, in receiving royalties or licence fees if—

(a) the company carrying on the trade is engaged in—

(i) the production of films; or

(ii) the production of films and the distribution of films produced by it within the period of 3 years before their distribution;

and

(b) all royalties and licence fees received by it are in respect of films produced by it within the preceding 3 years or sound recordings in relation to such films or other products arising from such films.

(6) A trade shall not be treated as failing to comply with this section by reason only of its consisting, to a substantial extent, in receiving royalties or licence fees if—

(a) the company carrying on the trade is engaged in research and development; and

(b) all royalties and licence fees received by it are attributable to research and development which it has carried out.

(7) A trade shall not be treated as failing to comply with this section by reason only of its consisting in letting ships, other than oil rigs or pleasure craft, on charter if—

(a) every ship let on charter by the company carrying on the trade is beneficially owned by the company;

(b) every ship beneficially owned by the company is registered in the United Kingdom;

(c) the company is solely responsible for arranging the marketing of the services of its ships; and

(d) the conditions mentioned in subsection (8) below are satisfied in relation to every letting of a ship on charter by the company;

but where any of the requirements mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (d) above are not satisfied in relation to any lettings, the trade shall not thereby be treated as failing to comply with this section if those lettings and any other activity of a kind falling within subsection (2) above do not, when taken together, amount to a substantial part of the trade.

(8) The conditions are that—

(a) the letting is for a period not exceeding 12 months and no provision is made at any time (whether in the charterparty or otherwise) for extending it beyond that period otherwise than at the option of the charterer;

(b) during the period of the letting there is no provision in force (whether by virtue of being contained in the charterparty or otherwise) for the grant of a new letting to end, otherwise than at the option of the charterer, more than 12 months after that provision is made;

(c) the letting is by way of a bargain made at arm’s length between the company and a person who is not connected with it;

(d) under the terms of the charter the company is responsible as principal—

(i) for taking, throughout the period of the charter, management decisions in relation to the ship, other than those of a kind generally regarded by persons engaged in trade of the kind in question as matters of husbandry; and

(ii) for defraying all expenses in connection with the ship throughout that period, or substantially all such expenses, other than those directly incidental to a particular voyage or to the employment of the ship during that period;

and

(e) no arrangements exist by virtue of which a person other than the company may be appointed to be responsible for the matters mentioned in paragraph (d) above on behalf of the company;

but this subsection shall have effect, in relation to any letting between a company and another company which is a member of the same group of companies as that company, as if paragraph (c) were omitted.

(9) A trade shall not comply with this section unless it is conducted on a commercial basis and with a view to the realisation of profits.]

Textual Amendments

F47 S. 164I(4A) inserted (1.5.1995) by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), s. 46(4)

[F16 164J Provisions supplementary to section 164I. U.K.

(1) For the purposes of section 164I, in the case of a trade carried on by a company, a person has a controlling interest in that trade if—

(a) he controls the company;

(b) the company is a close company and he or an associate of his is a director of the company and either—

(i) the beneficial owner of, or

(ii) able, directly or through the medium of other companies or by any other indirect means, to control,

more than 30 per cent. of the ordinary share capital of the company; or

(c) not less than half of the trade could in accordance with section 344(2) of the Taxes Act be regarded as belonging to him;

and, in any other case, a person has a controlling interest in a trade if he is entitled to not less than half of the assets used for, or of the income arising from, the trade.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) above, there shall be attributed to any person any rights or powers of any other person who is an associate of his.

(3) References in section 164I(2)(f) or subsection (1) above to a trade carried on by a person other than the company in question shall be construed as including references to any business, profession or vocation.

(4) In this section “director” shall be construed in accordance with section 417(5) of the Taxes Act.]

[F16 164K Foreign residents. U.K.

(1) This Chapter shall not apply in relation to any person in respect of his acquisition of any eligible shares in a qualifying company if at the time when he acquires them he is neither resident nor ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom.

(2) This Chapter shall not apply in relation to any person in respect of his acquisition of any eligible shares in a qualifying company if—

(a) though resident or ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom at the time when he acquires them, he is regarded for the purposes of any double taxation relief arrangements as resident in a territory outside the United Kingdom; and

(b) by virtue of the arrangements, he would not be liable in the United Kingdom to tax on a gain arising on a disposal of those shares immediately after their acquisition.]

[F16 164L Anti-avoidance provisions. U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter an acquisition of shares in a qualifying company shall not be treated as an acquisition of eligible shares if the arrangements for the acquisition of those shares, or any arrangements made before their acquisition in relation to or in connection with the acquisition, include—

(a) arrangements with a view to the subsequent re-acquisition, exchange or other disposal of the shares;

(b) arrangements for or with a view to the cessation of the company’s trade or the disposal of, or of a substantial amount of, its chargeable business assets; or

(c) arrangements for the return of the whole or any part of the value of his investment to the individual acquiring the shares.

(2) If, after any eligible shares in a qualifying company have been acquired by any individual, the whole or any part of the value of that individual’s investment is returned to him, those shares shall be treated for the purposes of this Chapter as ceasing to be eligible shares.

(3) For the purposes of this section there shall be treated as being a return of the whole or a part of the value of the investment of an individual who is to acquire or has acquired any shares in a company if the company—

(a) repays, redeems or repurchases any of its share capital or other securities which belong to that individual or makes any payment to him for giving up his right to any of the company’s share capital or any security on its cancellation or extinguishment;

(b) repays any debt owed to that individual, other than a debt which was incurred by the company—

(i) on or after the acquisition of the shares; and

(ii) otherwise than in consideration of the extinguishment of a debt incurred before the acquisition of the shares;

(c) makes to that individual any payment for giving up his right to any debt on its extinguishment;

(d) releases or waives any liability of that individual to the company or discharges, or undertakes to discharge, any liability of his to a third person;

(e) provides a benefit or facility for that individual;

(f) disposes of an asset to that individual for no consideration or for a consideration which is or the value of which is less than the market value of the asset;

(g) acquires an asset from that individual for a consideration which is or the value of which is more than the market value of the asset; or

(h) makes any payment to that individual other than a qualifying payment.

(4) For the purposes of this section there shall also be treated as being a return of the whole or a part of the value of the investment of an individual who is to acquire or has acquired any shares in a company if—

(a) there is a loan made by any person to that individual; and

(b) the loan is one which would not have been made, or would not have been made on the same terms, if that individual had not acquired those shares or had not been proposing to do so.

(5) For the purposes of this section a company shall be treated as having released or waived a liability if the liability is not discharged within 12 months of the time when it ought to have been discharged.

(6) References in this section to a debt or liability do not, in relation to a company, include references to any debt or liability which would be discharged by the making by that company of a qualifying payment, and references to a benefit or facility do not include references to any benefit or facility provided in circumstances such that, if a payment had been made of an amount equal to its value, that payment would be a qualifying payment.

(7) References in this section to the making by any person of a loan to an individual include references—

(a) to the giving by that person of any credit to that individual; and

(b) to the assignment or assignation to that person of any debt due from that individual.

(8) In this section “qualifying payment” means—

(a) the payment by any company of such remuneration for service as an officer or employee of that company as may be reasonable in relation to the duties of that office or employment;

(b) any payment or reimbursement by any company of travelling or other expenses wholly, exclusively and necessarily incurred by the individual to whom the payment is made in the performance of duties as an officer or employee of that company;

(c) the payment by any company of any interest which represents no more than a reasonable commercial return on money lent to that company;

(d) the payment by any company of any dividend or other distribution which does not exceed a normal return on any investment in shares in or other securities of that company;

(e) any payment for the supply of goods which does not exceed their market value;

(f) the payment by any company, as rent for any property occupied by the company, of an amount not exceeding a reasonable and commercial rent for the property;

(g) any reasonable and necessary remuneration which—

(i) is paid by any company for services rendered to that company in the course of a trade or profession; and

(ii) is taken into account in computing the profits or gains of the trade or profession under Case I or II of Schedule D or would be so taken into account if it fell in a period on the basis of which those profits or gains are assessed under that Schedule;

(h) a payment in discharge of an ordinary trade debt.

(9) In this section—

(a) any reference to a payment or disposal to an individual includes a reference to a payment or disposal made to him indirectly or to his order or for his benefit; and

(b) any reference to an individual includes a reference to an associate of his and any reference to a company includes a reference to a person connected with the company.

(10) This section shall have effect in relation to the acquisition of shares by the trustees of a settlement as if references to the individual acquiring the shares were references to those trustees or [F48 any individual or charity by virtue of whose interest, at the time of the acquisition, section 164B applies to the settled property].

[F49 (10A) For the purposes of this Chapter, where—

(a) a person has acquired any eligible shares in a qualifying company (“the acquired holding”) for a consideration which is treated as reduced under this Chapter by any amount (“the held-over gain”), and

(b) after that acquisition, he acquires eligible shares in a relevant company,

he shall not be regarded in relation to his acquisition of those shares in the relevant company as acquiring a qualifying investment for the purposes of section 164A.

(10B) For the purposes of subsection (10A) above a company is a relevant company if—

(a) where that person has disposed of any of the acquired holding, it is the company in which the acquired holding has subsisted or a company which was a member of the same group of companies as that company at any time since the acquisition of the acquired holding,

(b) it is a company in relation to the disposal of any shares in which there has been a claim under this Chapter such that, without that or an equivalent claim, there would have been no held-over gain in relation to the acquired holding, or

(c) it is a company which, at the time of the disposal or acquisition to which the claim relates, was a member of the same group of companies as a company falling within paragraph (b) above.]

(11) In this section—

• “arrangements” includes any scheme, agreement or understanding, whether or not legally enforceable;

• [F50 “chargeable business asset”, in relation to any company, means a chargeable asset (including goodwill but not including shares or securities or other assets held as investments) which is, or is an interest in, an asset used for the purposes of a trade, profession, vocation, office or employment carried on by—

  (a)

  the individual acquiring the shares,

  (b)

  any personal company of that individual,

  (c)

  a member of a trading group of which the holding company is a personal company of that individual, or

  (d)

  a partnership of which that individual is a member]; and

• “ordinary trade debt” means any debt for goods or services supplied in the ordinary course of a trade or business where any credit given does not exceed six months and is not longer than that normally given to customers of the person carrying on the trade or business.]

Textual Amendments

F48 Words in s. 164L(10) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 6

F49 S. 164L(10A)(10B) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 10(a)

F50 Words in s. 164L(11) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 10(b)

[F16 164M Exclusion of double relief. U.K.

Where a person acquires any shares in a company those shares shall not be eligible shares or, as the case may be, shall cease to be eligible shares if that person or any person connected with him has made or makes a claim for relief in relation to those shares under Chapter III of Part VII of the Taxes Act (business expansion scheme) [F51 but the reference in this section to that Chapter is to that Chapter as it applies in relation to shares issued before 1st January 1994].]

Textual Amendments

F51 Words in s. 164M inserted (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 15 para. 31

[F52 164MA Exclusion of double relief U.K.

If a person makes a claim for relief under Chapter III of Part VII of the Taxes Act (enterprise investment scheme) in respect of any shares, those shares shall not be, or be treated as ever having been, eligible shares]

Textual Amendments

F52 S. 164MA inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 15 para. 32(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 15 para. 32(1)

[F16 164N Interpretation of Chapter IA. U.K.

(1) In this Chapter—

• “associate” has the meaning given in subsections (3) and (4) of section 417 of the Taxes Act, except that in those subsections, as applied for the purposes of this Chapter, “relative” shall not include a brother or sister;

• “eligible shares” means (subject to sections 164L [F53 164M and 164MA]) any ordinary shares in a company which do not carry—

  (a)

  any present or future preferential rights to dividends or to that company’s assets on its winding up; or

  (b)

  any present or future preferential right to be redeemed;

• “farming” has the same meaning as in the Taxes Act;

• “film” means an original master negative of a film, an original master film disc or an original master film tape;

• “oil exploration” means searching for oil (within the meaning of Chapter V of Part XII of the Taxes Act);

• “oil rig” means any ship which is an offshore installation for the purposes of the M4 Mineral Workings (Offshore Installations) Act 1971;

• “ordinary share capital” has the meaning given by section 832(1) of the Taxes Act;

• “ordinary shares” means shares forming part of a company’s ordinary share capital;

• “pleasure craft” means any ship of a kind primarily used for sport or recreation;

• “property development” means the development of land, by a company which has, or at any time has had, an interest in the land (within the meaning of section 164H), with the sole or main object of realising a gain from disposing of the land when developed;

• “research and development” means any activity which is intended to result in a patentable invention (within the meaning of the M5 Patents Act 1977) or in a computer program;

• “sound recording” in relation to a film, means its sound track, original master audio disc or original master audio tape; and

• “unquoted company” means a company none of the shares in or other securities of which are [F54 listed] on any recognised stock exchange or are dealt in on the Unlisted Securities Market.

[F55 (1A) Every asset of a company is for the purposes of this Chapter a chargeable asset of that company at any time, except one on the disposal of which by the company at that time no gain accruing to the company would be a chargeable gain.]

(2) Section 170 shall apply for the interpretation of sections 164G and 164I as it applies for the interpretation of sections 171 to 181.

(3) Subject to subsection (2) above, paragraph 1 of Schedule 6 shall have effect for the purposes of this Chapter as it has effect for the purposes of sections 163 and 164 and that Schedule.

(4) References in this Chapter to the reduction of an amount include references to its reduction to nil.]

Textual Amendments

F53 Words in s. 164N(1) substituted (3.5.1994) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 15 para. 33

F54 Word in s. 164N(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 38 para. 10(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1996 (c. 8), Sch. 38 para. 10(2)(b)

F55 S. 164N(1A) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 91(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), Sch. 11 para. 11

Marginal Citations

M4 1971 c. 61.

M5 1977 c. 37.

Chapter II U.K. Gifts of business assets

165 Relief for gifts of business assets. U.K.

(1) If—

(a) an individual (“the transferor”) makes a disposal otherwise than under a bargain at arm’s length of an asset within subsection (2) below, and

(b) a claim for relief under this section is made by the transferor and the person who acquires the asset (“the transferee”) or, where the trustees of a settlement are the transferee, by the transferor alone,

then, subject to subsection (3) and sections 166 and 167, subsection (4) below shall apply in relation to the disposal.

(2) An asset is within this subsection if—

(a) it is, or is an interest in, an asset used for the purposes of a trade, profession or vocation carried on by—

(i) the transferor, or

(ii) his [F56 personal company], or

(iii) a member of a trading group of which the holding company is his [F56 personal company], or

(b) it consists of shares or securities of a trading company, or of the holding company of a trading group, where—

(i) the shares or securities are neither [F57 listed] on a recognised stock exchange nor dealt in on the Unlisted Securities Market, or

(ii) the trading company or holding company is the transferor’s [F56 personal company].

(3) Subsection (4) below does not apply in relation to a disposal if—

(a) in the case of a disposal of an asset, any gain accruing to the transferor on the disposal is (apart from this section) wholly relieved under Schedule 6, or

(b) in the case of a disposal of shares or securities, the appropriate proportion determined under paragraph 7(2) or 8(2) of Schedule 6 of any gain accruing to the transferor on the disposal is (apart from this section) wholly relieved under that Schedule, or

(c) in the case of a disposal of qualifying corporate bonds, a gain is deemed to accrue by virtue of section 116(10)(b), or

(d) subsection (3) of section 260 applies in relation to the disposal (or would apply if a claim for relief were duly made under that section).

(4) Where a claim for relief is made under this section in respect of a disposal—

(a) the amount of any chargeable gain which, apart from this section, would accrue to the transferor on the disposal, and

(b) the amount of the consideration for which, apart from this section, the transferee would be regarded for the purposes of capital gains tax as having acquired the asset or, as the case may be, the shares or securities,

shall each be reduced by an amount equal to the held-over gain on the disposal.

(5) Part I of Schedule 7 shall have effect for extending the relief provided for by virtue of subsections (1) to (4) above in the case of agricultural property and for applying it in relation to settled property.

(6) Subject to Part II of Schedule 7 and subsection (7) below, the reference in subsection (4) above to the held-over gain on a disposal is a reference to the chargeable gain which would have accrued on that disposal apart from subsection (4) above and (in appropriate cases) Schedule 6, and in subsection (7) below that chargeable gain is referred to as the unrelieved gain on the disposal.

(7) In any case where—

(a) there is actual consideration (as opposed to the consideration equal to the market value which is deemed to be given by virtue of section 17(1)) for a disposal in respect of which a claim for relief is made under this section, and

(b) that actual consideration exceeds the sums allowable as a deduction under section 38,

the held-over gain on the disposal shall be the amount by which the unrelieved gain on the disposal exceeds the excess referred to in paragraph (b) above.

(8) Subject to subsection (9) below, in this section and Schedule 7—

(a) “ [F56 personal company]", “holding company”, “trading company” and “trading group” have the meanings given by paragraph 1 of Schedule 6, and

(b) “trade”, “profession” and “vocation” have the same meaning as in the Income Tax Acts.

(9) In this section and Schedule 7 and in determining whether a company is a trading company for the purposes of this section and that Schedule, the expression “trade” shall be taken to include the occupation of woodlands where the woodlands are managed by the occupier on a commercial basis and with a view to the realisation of profits.

(10) Where a disposal after 13th March 1989, in respect of which a claim is made under this section, is (or proves to be) a chargeable transfer for inheritance tax purposes, there shall be allowed as a deduction in computing (for capital gains tax purposes) the chargeable gain accruing to the transferee on the disposal of the asset in question an amount equal to whichever is the lesser of—

(a) the inheritance tax attributable to the value of the asset, and

(b) the amount of the chargeable gain as computed apart from this subsection,

and, in the case of a disposal which, being a potentially exempt transfer, proves to be a chargeable transfer, all necessary adjustments shall be made, whether by the discharge or repayment of capital gains tax or otherwise.

(11) Where an amount of inheritance tax—

(a) falls to be redetermined in consequence of the transferor’s death within 7 years of making the chargeable transfer in question, or

(b) is otherwise varied,

after it has been taken into account under subsection (10) above, all necessary adjustments shall be made, whether by the making of an assessment to capital gains tax or by the discharge or repayment of such tax.

Textual Amendments

F56 Words in s. 165 substituted (27.7.1993 with effect in relation to any disposal made on or after 16.3.1993 as mentioned in s. 87(2)) by 1993 c. 34, s. 87, Sch. 7 Pt. I para. 1(1)

F57 Word in s. 165(2)(b)(i) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 38 para. 10(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1996 (c. 8), Sch. 38 para. 10(2)(c)

166 Gifts to non-residents. U.K.

(1) Section 165(4) shall not apply where the transferee is neither resident nor ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom.

(2) Section 165(4) shall not apply where the transferee is an individual F58 ... if that individual F58 ... —

(a) though resident or ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom, is regarded for the purposes of any double taxation relief arrangements as resident in a territory outside the United Kingdom, and

(b) by virtue of the arrangements would not be liable in the United Kingdom to tax on a gain arising on a disposal of the asset occurring immediately after its acquisition.

Textual Amendments

F58 Words in s. 166(2) repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 251(1)(a)(7) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 251(7)(a), Sch. 26 Pt. VIII(1)

167 Gifts to foreign-controlled companies. U.K.

(1) Section 165(4) shall not apply where the transferee is a company which is within subsection (2) below.

(2) A company is within this subsection if it is controlled by a person who, or by persons each of whom—

(a) is neither resident nor ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom, and

(b) is connected with the person making the disposal.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2) above, a person who (either alone or with others) controls a company by virtue of holding assets relating to that or any other company and who is resident or ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom shall be regarded as neither resident nor ordinarily resident there if—

(a) he is regarded for the purposes of any double taxation relief arrangements as resident in a territory outside the United Kingdom, and

(b) by virtue of the arrangements he would not be liable in the United Kingdom to tax on a gain arising on a disposal of the assets.

168 Emigration of donee. U.K.

(1) If—

(a) relief is given under section 165 in respect of a disposal to an individual or under section 260 in respect of a disposal to an individual (“the relevant disposal”); and

(b) at a time when he has not disposed of the asset in question, the transferee becomes neither resident nor ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom,

then, subject to the following provisions of this section, a chargeable gain shall be deemed to have accrued to the transferee immediately before that time, and its amount shall be equal to the held-over gain (within the meaning of section 165 or 260) on the relevant disposal.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) above the transferee shall be taken to have disposed of an asset before the time there referred to only if he has made a disposal or disposals in connection with which the whole of the held-over gain on the relevant disposal was represented by reductions made in accordance with section 165(4)(b) or 260(3)(b) and where he has made a disposal in connection with which part of that gain was so represented, the amount of the chargeable gain deemed by virtue of this section to accrue to him shall be correspondingly reduced.

(3) The disposals by the transferee that are to be taken into account under subsection (2) above shall not include any disposal to which section 58 applies; but where any such disposal is made by the transferee, disposals by his spouse shall be taken into account under subsection (2) above as if they had been made by him.

(4) Subsection (1) above shall not apply by reason of a person becoming neither resident nor ordinarily resident more than 6 years after the end of the year of assessment in which the relevant disposal was made.

(5) Subsection (1) above shall not apply in relation to a disposal made to an individual if—

(a) the reason for his becoming neither resident nor ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom is that he works in an employment or office all the duties of which are performed outside the United Kingdom, and

(b) he again becomes resident or ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom within the period of 3 years from the time when he ceases to be so, without having meanwhile disposed of the asset in question;

and accordingly no assessment shall be made by virtue of subsection (1) above before the end of that period in any case where the condition in paragraph (a) above is, and the condition in paragraph (b) above may be, satisfied.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5) above a person shall be taken to have disposed of an asset if he has made a disposal in connection with which the whole or part of the held-over gain on the relevant disposal would, had he been resident in the United Kingdom, have been represented by a reduction made in accordance with section 165(4)(b) or 260(3)(b) and subsection (3) above shall have effect for the purposes of this subsection as it has effect for the purposes of subsection (2) above.

(7) Where an amount of tax assessed on a transferee by virtue of subsection (1) above is not paid within the period of 12 months beginning with the date when the tax becomes payable then, subject to subsection (8) below, the transferor may be assessed and charged (in the name of the transferee) to all or any part of that tax.

(8) No assessment shall be made under subsection (7) above more than 6 years after the end of the year of assessment in which the relevant disposal was made.

(9) Where the transferor pays an amount of tax in pursuance of subsection (7) above, he shall be entitled to recover a corresponding sum from the transferee.

(10) Gains on disposals made after a chargeable gain has under this section been deemed to accrue by reference to a held-over gain shall be computed without any reduction under section 165(4)(b) or 260(3)(b) in respect of that held-over gain.

169 Gifts into dual resident trusts. U.K.

(1) This section applies where there is or has been a disposal of an asset to the trustees of a settlement in such circumstances that, on a claim for relief, section 165 or 260 applies, or would but for this section apply, so as to reduce the amounts of the chargeable gain and the consideration referred to in section 165(4) or 260(3).

(2) In this section “a relevant disposal” means such a disposal as is referred to in subsection (1) above.

(3) Relief under section 165 or 260 shall not be available on a relevant disposal if—

(a) at the material time the trustees to whom the disposal is made fall to be treated, under section 69, as resident and ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom, although the general administration of the trust is ordinarily carried on outside the United Kingdom; and

(b) on a notional disposal of the asset concerned occurring immediately after the material time, the trustees would be regarded for the purposes of any double taxation relief arrangements—

(i) as resident in a territory outside the United Kingdom; and

(ii) as not liable in the United Kingdom to tax on a gain arising on that disposal.

(4) In subsection (3) above—

(a) “the material time” means the time of the relevant disposal; and

(b) a “notional disposal” means a disposal by the trustees of the asset which was the subject of the relevant disposal.