- Y Diweddaraf sydd Ar Gael (Diwygiedig)
- Pwynt Penodol mewn Amser (03/10/2017)
- Gwreiddiol (Fel y'i Deddfwyd)
Version Superseded: 31/12/2020
Point in time view as at 03/10/2017.
There are currently no known outstanding effects for the Friendly Societies Act 1992, Cross Heading: Interpretation.
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In this Act—
[F1“ballot” means—
a postal ballot (within the meaning of paragraph 8 of Schedule 12),
an electronic ballot (within the meaning of paragraph 8A of that Schedule), or
a combined ballot (within the meaning of paragraph 8B of that Schedule);]
“friendly society” means an incorporated friendly society or a registered friendly society;
“incorporated friendly society” means a society incorporated under this Act;
“registered branch” means a branch of a registered friendly society which is separately registered within the meaning of the 1974 Act;
“registered friendly society” means a society registered within the meaning of the 1974 Act by virtue of section 7(1)(a) of that Act or any enactment which it replaced.
Textual Amendments
F1Words in s. 116 inserted (12.4.2011) by The Mutual Societies (Electronic Communications) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/593), arts. 1(1), 18
Commencement Information
I1Ss. 116-119 wholly in force at 8.6.1992 see s. 126(2) and S.I. 1992/1325, art. 2(c).
(1)For the purposes of this Act—
“annual contribution income” means, in relation to a friendly society’s long term business, the income of the society in a financial year without any deduction for reinsurance cessions;
[F2“commitment" means, in relation to a friendly society to which section 37(2) applies, a commitment represented by insurance business of any class of Head A of Schedule 2 to this Act;]
“insurance business” means long term business and general business but [F3, except for the purposes of sections 87 and 88 above,] does not include the operations of a society whose benefits vary according to the resources available and which require each of its members to contribute on a flat-rate basis;
[F4“direct insurance business" means insurance business other than reinsurance business and “direct insurance" shall be construed accordingly;]
“long term business” means insurance business of any of the classes specified in head A of Schedule 2 to this Act; and
“general business” means insurance business of any of the classes specified in head B of that Schedule.
(2)For the purposes of any provision of Parts IV, V, VI and VIII of this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—
(a)references to insurance business include references to reinsurance business; and
(b)reinsurance business consisting of the effecting and carrying out of a contract of reinsurance of risks of any class shall be taken to constitute the carrying on of insurance business of that class;
and “reinsurance business” means the effecting and carrying out of contracts of reinsurance.
(3)For the purposes of this Act the effecting and carrying out of a contract whose principal object is within one class of insurance business, but which contains related and subsidiary provisions within another class or classes, shall be taken to constitute the carrying on of insurance business of the first-mentioned class, and no other, if subsection (4) or (5) below applies to the contract.
(4)This subsection applies to a contract whose principal object is within any class of long term business, but which contains subsidiary provisions within general business class 1 or 2, if the society concerned is authorised under section 32 above to carry on long term business class I.
(5)This subsection applies to a contract whose principal object is within one of the classes of general business but which contains subsidiary provisions within another of those classes.
[F5(6)In relation to a contract of insurance entered into by a person on any date with a friendly society to which section 37(3) above applies the effecting of which constitutes general business, or a contract of insurance entered into by a person on any date with a friendly society to which section 37(2) above applies the effecting of which constitutes long term business, references in this Act to the [F6member or EEA State] where the risk or commitment is situated shall be construed as follows—
(a)where that person is an individual, as references to the [F6member or EEA State] where he has his habitual place of residence on that date; and
(b)in any other case, as references to the [F6member or EEA State] where the establishment of that person to which the contract relates is situated on that date.
(7)In relation to any other contract of insurance with a friendly society, references in this Act to the member State where the risk is situated shall be construed as references to the member State where the person who has entered into the contract has his habitual place of residence.]
F7(8). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[F8(9)In this Act “establishment", in relation to a friendly society to which section 37(2) or (3) above applies, means the registered office or an overseas branch of the society.
Any permanent presence of such a society in an EEA State other than the United Kingdom shall be regarded for those purposes as a single overseas branch, whether that presence consists of a single office which, or two or more offices each of which–
(a)is managed by the society’s own staff;
(b)is an agency of the society; or
(c)is managed by a person who is independent but has permanent authority to act for the society in the same way as an agency.]
Textual Amendments
F2Definition in s. 117(1) inserted (1.1.1994) by S.I. 1993/2519, reg. 7(1)
F3Words in definition in s. 117(1) inserted (17.8.2001 for specified purposes and otherwise 1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/2617, arts. 2, 8(1), 13(1), Sch. 3 para. 114 (with art. 13(3), Sch. 5); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
F4Definition in s. 117(1) added (1.9.1994) by S.I. 1994/1984, reg. 29(1)
F5S. 117(6)(7) substituted for s. 117(6) (1.1.1994) by S.I. 1993/2519, reg. 7(2)
F6Words in s. 117(6) substituted (1.9.1994) by S.I. 1994/1984, reg. 29(2)
F7S. 117(8) repealed (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3649, arts. 1, 205(1)
F8S. 117(9) inserted (1.9.1994) by S.I. 1994/1984, reg. 29(3)
Commencement Information
I2Ss. 116-119 wholly in force at 8.6.1992 see s. 126(2) and S.I. 1992/1325, art. 2(c).
(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, in this Act “financial year” means the period of 12 months ending with 31st December.
(2)The initial financial year of a friendly society shall be such period as expires with the end of the calendar year in which it is registered under the 1974 Act or incorporated under this Act and the final financial year of the society shall be such shorter period than 12 months as expires with the date as at which the society makes up its final accounts.
Commencement Information
I3Ss. 116-119 wholly in force at 8.6.1992 see s. 126(2) and S.I. 1992/1325, art. 2(c).
(1)In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—
“the 1974 Act” means the M1Friendly Societies Act 1974;
“actuary” means an actuary possessing [F9such qualifications, if any, as may be specified in rules made by the Authority under section 340 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (and subsections (3) to (6) of that section apply in relation to an actuary appointed by virtue of any provision of this Act as they apply in relation to an actuary appointed in compliance with such rules)];
“annuities on human life” does not include superannuation allowances and annuities payable out of any fund applicable solely to the relief and maintenance of persons engaged or who have been engaged in any particular profession, trade or employment, or of the dependants of such persons;
F10...
“appointed actuary” means the actuary appointed [F11in accordance with rules made under section 340 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000];
“the appropriate actuary” means—
[F14“the appropriate authority” means—
in relation to a society which is a PRA-authorised person, the PRA; and
in relation to a society which is not a PRA-authorised person, the FCA;]
F15...
F15...
F15...
F15...
“committee of management” means the committee of management or other directing body of a society or branch;
F16...
“contract of insurance” includes any contract the effecting of which constitutes the carrying on of insurance business by virtue of section 117 above;
[F17“controller” has the meaning given by section 55A above;]
“the court” except in relation to the winding-up of an incorporated friendly society, means—
in the case of a body whose registered office is situated in England and [F18Wales, the county court;
in the case of a body whose registered office is situated in] Northern Ireland, the county court for the district in which the office is situated;
in the case of a body whose registered office is situated in Scotland, the sheriff in whose jurisdiction the office is situated;
and, in relation to the winding-up of an incorporated friendly society, means the court which has jurisdiction under the applicable winding-up legislation to wind-up the society;
F15...
F19...
[F20“EEA State” has the meaning given by Schedule 1 to the Interpretation Act 1978 (c. 30);]
[F21“EFTA State” means an EEA State which is not a member State;]
[F22“electronic address” means any number or address used for the purposes of sending or receiving documents or information by electronic means;]
[F14“the FCA” means the Financial Conduct Authority;]
“financial year” is to be construed in accordance with section 118;
F23...
F24...
F25...
“group business” is to be construed in accordance with section 11 above;
“jointly controlled body” is to be construed in accordance with section 13 above;
F24...
[F26“manager”, in relation to a friendly society to which section 37(2) or (3) above applies, means any person (other than an employee of a society) appointed by the society to manage any part of its insurance business, or any employee of the society (other than a chief executive) who, under the immediate authority of a member of the committee of management or chief executive of the society–
exercises managerial functions, or is responsible for maintaining accounts or other records of the society; and
is not a person whose functions relate exclusively to business conducted from a place of business which is not in a member State;]
“memorandum” has the meaning given by paragraph 4(3) of Schedule 3 to this Act;
“modifications”, in relation to enactments, includes additions, omissions and amendments [F27and cognate expressions are to be construed accordingly];
“non-insurance business” means business falling within head C of Schedule 2 to this Act;
“notice” means written notice and “notice to” a person means notice given to that person, and “notify” shall be construed accordingly;
F15...
“officer” means—
in relation to a registered friendly society or a registered branch—
a trustee;
the treasurer, secretary and chief executive (however described);
a member of the committee of management; and
a person appointed by the society or branch to sue or be sued on its behalf; or
in relation to an incorporated friendly society, a member of the committee of management, the chief executive (however described) and the secretary;
[F14“the PRA” means the Prudential Regulation Authority;]
[F14“PRA-authorised person” has the meaning in section 2B of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000;]
“the public file”, in relation to a friendly society, means the file relating to the society which the [F28FCA] is required to maintain under section 104 above;
“registered address”, in relation to a member of an incorporated friendly society, has the meaning given by paragraph 14(6) of Schedule 3 to this Act;
F29...
F24...
[F30“the Solvency 2 Directive” means Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the taking-up and pursuit of the business of Insurance and Reinsurance (Solvency II);]
“special resolution” has the meaning given by paragraph 7 of Schedule 12 to this Act;
“subscription” includes any premium or other sum (however described) payable, in respect of the provision of benefits, by (or on behalf of) a member of a friendly society under the rules of the society;
“subsidiary” is to be construed in accordance with section 13 above; and
[F31“supervisory authority”, in relation to an EEA State other than the United Kingdom, means the authority responsible in that State for supervising [F32persons whose business consists of effecting or carrying out contracts of insurance];]
F33...
F24...
F34...
[F35(1AA)Any reference in this Act to the seal of the [F36FCA] is a reference to the seal provided for in regulations made under section 109(1)(b) of the Friendly Societies Act 1974 (and not to the [F37FCA’s] common seal).]
F38(1A). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F39(1B). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[F40(1C)In the definition of “supervisory authority” in subsection (1), the reference to contracts of insurance and to effecting or carrying out such contracts must be read with—
(a)section 22 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000;
(b)any relevant order under that section; and
(c)Schedule 2 to that Act.]
F41(1D). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(2)References in this Act to the “ECU” are to the unit of account of that name defined in Council Regulation (EEC) No.3180/78 as amended; and the exchange rates as between the ECU and pounds sterling to be applied for each year beginning on 31st December shall be the rates applicable on the last day of the preceding October for which exchange rates for the currencies of all the member States were published in the Official Journal of the Communities.
F42(3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textual Amendments
F9Words in the definition of “actuary” in s. 119(1) substituted (17.8.2001 for specified purposes and otherwise 1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/2617, arts. 2, 8(1), 13(1), Sch. 3 para. 115(a)(i) (with art. 13(3), Sch. 5); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
F10Words in s. 119(1) omitted (1.4.2013) by virtue of The Financial Services Act 2012 (Mutual Societies) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/496), art. 1(1), Sch. 9 para. 49(2)(a) (with Sch. 12)
F11Words in the definition of “appointed actuary” in s. 119(1) substituted (17.8.2001 for specified purposes and otherwise 1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/2617, arts. 2, 8(1), 13(1), Sch. 3 para. 115(a)(iii) (with art. 13(3), Sch. 5); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
F12S. 119(1): Words in para. (a) of the definition of “appropriate actuary” substituted (17.8.2001 for specified purposes and otherwise 1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/2617, arts. 2, 8(1), 13(1), Sch. 3 para. 115(a)(iv)(A) (with art. 13(3), Sch. 5); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
F13S. 119(1): Words in para. (b) of the definition of “appropriate actuary” substituted (17.8.2001 for specified purposes and otherwise 1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/2617, arts. 2, 8(1), 13(1), Sch. 3 para. 115(a)(iv)(B) (with art. 13(3), Sch. 5); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
F14Words in s. 119(1) inserted (1.4.2013) by The Financial Services Act 2012 (Mutual Societies) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/496), art. 1(1), Sch. 9 para. 49(2)(c) (with Sch. 12)
F15Definitions of “the central office”, “the Chief Registrar”, “collecting society”, “the Commission”, “the criteria of prudent management” and “notifiable voting rights” in s. 119(1) repealed (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/2617, arts. 2(b), 13(2), Sch. 4 (with art. 13(3), Sch. 5); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
F16Words in s. 119(1) omitted (1.1.2016) by virtue of The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 19(3)(a)(i)
F17S. 119(1): definition inserted (1.9.1994) by S.I. 1994/1984 reg. 30(a)
F18Words in s. 119(1) substituted (22.4.2014) by Crime and Courts Act 2013 (c. 22), s. 61(3), Sch. 9 para. 85(2); S.I. 2014/954, art. 2(c) (with art. 3) (with transitional provisions and savings in S.I. 2014/956, arts. 3-11)
F19Words in s. 119(1) omitted (29.6.2008) by virtue of The Friendly Societies Act 1992 (Accounts, Audit and EEA State Amendments) Order 2008 (S.I. 2008/1140), arts. 1(2), 10(a)
F20Words in s. 119(1) substituted (29.6.2008) by The Friendly Societies Act 1992 (Accounts, Audit and EEA State Amendments) Order 2008 (S.I. 2008/1140), arts. 1(2), 10(b)
F21S. 119(1): definition inserted (1.9.1994) by S.I. 1994/1984, reg. 30(b)
F22Words in s. 119(1) inserted (12.4.2011) by The Mutual Societies (Electronic Communications) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/593), arts. 1(1), 4(1)
F23Words in s. 119(1) omitted (1.1.2016) by virtue of The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 19(3)(a)(ii)
F24Words in s. 119(1) omitted (11.1.2005) by virtue of The Life Assurance Consolidation Directive (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2004 (S.I. 2004/3379), regs. 1, 3(3)(b)
F25Words in s. 119(1) omitted (1.1.2016) by virtue of The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 19(3)(a)(iii)
F26S. 119(1): definitions of “the life Directives” and “manager” substituted for definition of “the life Directives” (1.9.1994) by S.I. 1994/1984, reg. 30(d)
F27Words in s. 119 inserted (with effect in accordance with art. 1(2) of the amending S.I.) by The Friendly Societies Act 1992 (International Accounting Standards and Other Accounting Amendments) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/2211), art. 1(2), Sch. para. 4
F28Word in s. 119(1) substituted (1.4.2013) by The Financial Services Act 2012 (Mutual Societies) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/496), art. 1(1), Sch. 9 para. 49(2)(b) (with Sch. 12)
F29Words in s. 119(1) omitted (1.1.2016) by virtue of The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 19(3)(a)(iv)
F30Words in s. 119(1) inserted (1.1.2016) by The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 19(3)(b)
F31Words in s. 119(1) inserted (1.9.1994) by S.I. 1994/1984, reg. 30(f)
F32Words in the definition of “supervisory authority” in s. 119(1) substituted (1.12.2001) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Consequential Amendments and Repeals) Order 2001 (S.I. 2001/3649), arts. 1, 205(3)
F33Words in s. 119(1) omitted (1.1.2016) by virtue of The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 19(3)(a)(v)
F34Words in s. 119(1) omitted (17.8.2001 for specified purposes and 1.12.2001 for all other purposes) by virtue of The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Mutual Societies) Order 2001 (S.I. 2001/2617), arts. 2, Sch. 3 para. 115(a)(vii), Sch. 4 (with art. 13(3), Sch. 5)
F35S. 119(1AA) inserted (17.8.2001 for specified purposes and otherwise 1.12.2001) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Mutual Societies) Order 2001 (S.I. 2001/2617), arts. 2, 8(1), 13(1), Sch. 3 para. 115(b) (with art. 13(3), Sch. 5); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
F36Word in s. 119(1AA) substituted (1.4.2013) by The Financial Services Act 2012 (Mutual Societies) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/496), art. 1(1), Sch. 9 para. 49(3)(a) (with Sch. 12)
F37Word in s. 119(1AA) substituted (1.4.2013) by The Financial Services Act 2012 (Mutual Societies) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/496), art. 1(1), Sch. 9 para. 49(3)(b) (with Sch. 12)
F38S. 119(1A) omitted (1.1.2016) by virtue of The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 19(4)
F39S. 119(1B) repealed (1.12.2001) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Consequential Amendments and Repeals) Order 2001 (S.I. 2001/3649), arts. 1, 205(5)
F40S. 119(1C) inserted (1.12.2001) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Consequential Amendments and Repeals) Order 2001 (S.I. 2001/3649), arts. 1, 205(6)
F41S. 119(1D) omitted (1.1.2016) by virtue of The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 19(4)
F42S. 119(3) omitted (1.1.2016) by virtue of The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 19(4)
Commencement Information
I4Ss. 116-119 wholly in force at 8.6.1992 see s. 126(2) and S.I. 1992/1325, art. 2(c).
Marginal Citations
(1)In this Act “associate", in relation to any person entitled to exercise or control the exercise of voting power in relation to a friendly society to which section 37(2) or (3) above applies, means–
(a)the wife or husband [F44or civil partner] or minor son or daughter of that person;
(b)any company of which that person is a director;
(c)any person who is an employee or partner of that person;
(d)if that person is a company–
(i)any director of that company;
(ii)any subsidiary undertaking of that company;
(iii)any director or employee of any such subsidiary under– taking; and
(e)if that person has made an agreement or arrangement with any other person under which they undertake to act together in exercising their voting power in relation to the society, that other person.
(2)In this section–
“minor", in relation to Scotland, means not having attained the age of sixteen;
“son" includes stepson and “daughter" includes stepdaughter;
“subsidiary undertaking" has the same meaning as in the Insurance Companies Act 1982 M2.]
Textual Amendments
F43S. 119(A) inserted (1.9.1994) by S.I. 1994/1984 reg. 31
F44Words in s. 119A(1)(a) inserted (5.12.2005) by Civil Partnership Act 2004 (c. 33), s. 263(10)(b), Sch. 27 para. 142; S.I. 2005/3175, art. 2(2)
Marginal Citations
(1)The following provisions apply for the purposes of this Act.
(2)A document or information is sent in electronic form if it is sent—
(a)by electronic means (for example, by email or fax), or
(b)by any other means while in electronic form (for example, sending a disk in the post).
References to “electronic copy” have a corresponding meaning.
(3)A document or information is sent by electronic means if it is—
(a)sent initially and received at its destination by means of electronic equipment for the processing (which expression includes digital compression) or storage of data, and
(b)entirely transmitted, conveyed and received by wire, by radio, by optical means or by other electromagnetic means.
References to “electronic means” have a corresponding meaning.
(4)A document or information sent in electronic form must be sent in a form, and by a means, that the sender reasonably considers will enable the recipient—
(a)to read it, and
(b)to retain a copy of it.
(5)For the purposes of this section, a document or information can be read only if—
(a)it can be read with the naked eye, or
(b)to the extent that it consists of images (for example photographs, pictures, maps, plans or drawings), it can be seen with the naked eye.
(6)The provisions of this section apply whether the provision of this Act in question uses the word “send” or uses other words (such as “furnish”, “circulate”, “provide”, “produce”, “supply”, “give” or “deliver”) to refer to the sending of a document or information.
Textual Amendments
F45Ss. 119AA, 119AB inserted (12.4.2011) by The Mutual Societies (Electronic Communications) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/593), arts. 1(1), 4(2)
(1)For the purposes of this Act, a person (A), other than the [F46FCA and the PRA], makes a document or information available on a website to another person (B) if each of the following conditions is satisfied.
(2)The first condition is that B—
(a)has agreed (generally or specifically) that A may make the document or information available to B in that manner, and
(b)has not revoked that agreement.
(3)The second condition is that A has notified B of—
(a)the presence of the document or information on the website,
(b)the address of the website,
(c)the place on the website where the document or information may be accessed, and
(d)how to access the document or information.
(4)The third condition is that the document or information is present on the website for the whole of the period—
(a)beginning when A sends B the notification referred to in subsection (3) or, if later, when the document or information first appears on the website, and
(b)ending with the end date specified for the purposes of this paragraph in the provision of, or made under, this Act that requires or permits A to send the document to B.
(5)If the document or information is absent from the website for part of the period referred to in subsection (4), the absence is to be disregarded if it is wholly attributable to circumstances that it would not be reasonable to have expected A to prevent or avoid.
(6)A is not to be regarded as making a document available on a website for the purposes of this section if the website is the [F47the FCA’s or the PRA’s] website (an electronic copy of the document having been placed there in reliance on section 104(1A)(b)).]
Textual Amendments
F45Ss. 119AA, 119AB inserted (12.4.2011) by The Mutual Societies (Electronic Communications) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/593), arts. 1(1), 4(2)
F46Words in s. 119AB substituted (1.4.2013) by The Financial Services Act 2012 (Mutual Societies) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/496), art. 1(1), Sch. 9 para. 50(a) (with Sch. 12)
F47Words in s. 119AB substituted (1.4.2013) by The Financial Services Act 2012 (Mutual Societies) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/496), art. 1(1), Sch. 9 para. 50(b) (with Sch. 12)
Textual Amendments
F48S. 119B repealed (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/2617, arts. 2, 13(2), Sch. 4 (with art. 13(3), Sch. 5); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
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This timeline shows the different points in time where a change occurred. The dates will coincide with the earliest date on which the change (e.g an insertion, a repeal or a substitution) that was applied came into force. The first date in the timeline will usually be the earliest date when the provision came into force. In some cases the first date is 01/02/1991 (or for Northern Ireland legislation 01/01/2006). This date is our basedate. No versions before this date are available. For further information see the Editorial Practice Guide and Glossary under Help.
Defnyddiwch y ddewislen hon i agor dogfennau hanfodol sy’n cyd-fynd â’r ddeddfwriaeth a gwybodaeth am yr eitem hon o ddeddfwriaeth. Gan ddibynnu ar yr eitem o ddeddfwriaeth sy’n cael ei gweld gall hyn gynnwys:
liciwch ‘Gweld Mwy’ neu ddewis ‘Rhagor o Adnoddau’ am wybodaeth ychwanegol gan gynnwys