Police Reform Act 2002

[F1 Part 2B U.K. Investigation of concerns raised by whistle-blowers

Textual Amendments

F1 Pt. 2B inserted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), ss. 28(1), 183(1)(5)(e)

29D Power to investigate concerns raised by whistle-blowers U.K.

(1) The [F2 Director General] may investigate any concern raised by a whistle-blower of which [F3 the Director General] becomes aware (whether because the whistle-blower has contacted the [F2 Director General] or for any other reason) but only if the whistle-blower informs the [F2 Director General], before the beginning of the investigation, that he or she consents to an investigation taking place.

(2) In deciding whether to investigate, the [F2 Director General] must take into account the public interest.

(3) For the purposes of this Part, a person is a “whistle-blower” if—

(a) the person is, or was at any time, under the direction and control of a chief officer of police,

(b) the person raises a concern that is about a police force or a person serving with the police,

(c) the matter to which the concern relates is not—

(i) about the conditions of service of persons serving with the police, or

(ii) a matter that is, or could be, the subject of a complaint by the person under Part 2, and

(d) at the time the [F2 Director General] first becomes aware of the concern, the matter to which it relates is not—

(i) under investigation under the direction of the [F2 Director General] in accordance with paragraph 18 of Schedule 3,

(ii) under investigation by the [F2 Director General] in accordance with paragraph 19 of that Schedule,

(iii) being dealt with as a complaint under section 29A under regulations under section 29C (regulations about super-complaints), or

(iv) under investigation under this Part.

(4) Subsection (1) is subject to section 29F (which deals with the position where the concern is a conduct matter for the purposes of Part 2) and to section 29G (which deals with the position where the concern is a DSI matter for the purposes of that Part).

(5) Schedule 3A (which makes provision about the procedure etc where the [F2 Director General] decides to investigate under subsection (1)) has effect.

Textual Amendments

F2 Words in s. 29D substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes, 8.1.2018 in so far as not already in force) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 42(2); S.I. 2017/1249, reg. 2 (with reg. 3)

F3 Words in s. 29D(1) substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes, 8.1.2018 in so far as not already in force) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 42(3); S.I. 2017/1249, reg. 2 (with reg. 3)

29E [F4 Director General's] powers and duties [F5 on decision] not to investigate U.K.

(1) If the [F6 Director General] decides not to carry out an investigation under section 29D(1), the [F6 Director General] must inform the whistle-blower of the decision.

(2) In such a case, the [F6 Director General] may, with the consent of the whistle-blower—

(a) disclose the nature of the concern to the appropriate authority, and

(b) make recommendations in the light of the concern.

(3) In this Part, except where otherwise provided, “appropriate authority” means—

(a) if the concern relates to a chief officer or an acting chief officer, the local policing body for the area of the police force of which he or she is a member;

(b) if the concern relates to any other person, the chief officer under whose direction and control that person is;

(c) if the concern does not relate to any particular persons, the chief officer of the police force to which the concern relates.

(4) The Secretary of State may by regulations make further provision about recommendations under subsection (2).

(5) The regulations may (amongst other things)—

(a) describe the kinds of recommendations that the [F6 Director General] may make under subsection (2);

(b) specify the persons to whom the recommendations may be made;

(c) authorise the [F6 Director General] to require a response to any recommendation made by the [F6 Director General] under subsection (2).

Textual Amendments

F4 Words in s. 29E heading substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes, 8.1.2018 in so far as not already in force) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 43(3)(a); S.I. 2017/1249, reg. 2 (with reg. 3)

F5 Words in s. 29E heading substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes, 8.1.2018 in so far as not already in force) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 43(3)(b); S.I. 2017/1249, reg. 2 (with reg. 3)

F6 Words in s. 29E substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes, 8.1.2018 in so far as not already in force) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 43(2); S.I. 2017/1249, reg. 2 (with reg. 3)

29F Special provision for “conduct matters” U.K.

(1) Before deciding whether to carry out an investigation under section 29D(1), the [F7 Director General] must consider whether the concern is about a conduct matter for the purposes of Part 2 (see section 12(2)).

(2) If the [F7 Director General] determines that the concern is about a conduct matter for the purposes of Part 2—

(a) [F8 the Director General] may not carry out an investigation under section 29D(1), and

(b) [F8 the Director General] must notify the appropriate authority in relation to the person whose conduct is in question of [F9 the] determination.

(3) Where the appropriate authority in relation to the person whose conduct is in question is notified under subsection (2), it must record the matter under paragraph 11 of Schedule 3 to this Act as a conduct matter.

(4) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision modifying Schedule 3 in relation to a conduct matter that, in accordance with subsection (3), is recorded under paragraph 11 of that Schedule but only for the purpose of making provision for the protection of the anonymity of whistle-blowers.

Textual Amendments

F7 Words in s. 29F substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes, 8.1.2018 in so far as not already in force) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 44(2); S.I. 2017/1249, reg. 2 (with reg. 3)

F8 Words in s. 29F(2) substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes, 8.1.2018 in so far as not already in force) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 44(3)(a); S.I. 2017/1249, reg. 2 (with reg. 3)

F9 Word in s. 29F(2) substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes, 8.1.2018 in so far as not already in force) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 44(3)(b); S.I. 2017/1249, reg. 2 (with reg. 3)

29G Special provision for “DSI matters” U.K.

(1) Before deciding whether to carry out an investigation under section 29D(1), the [F10 Director General] must consider whether the concern is about a death or serious injury matter (“a DSI matter”) for the purposes of Part 2 (see section 12(2A)).

(2) If the [F10 Director General] determines that the concern is about a DSI matter for the purposes of Part 2—

(a) [F11 the Director General] may not carry out an investigation under section 29D(1), and

(b) [F11 the Director General] must notify the appropriate authority in relation to the DSI matter.

(3) Where the appropriate authority in relation to the DSI matter is notified under subsection (2), it must record the matter under paragraph 14A of Schedule 3 to this Act as a DSI matter.

(4) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision modifying Schedule 3 in relation to a DSI matter that, in accordance with subsection (3), is recorded under paragraph 14A of that Schedule but only for the purpose of making provision for the protection of the anonymity of whistle-blowers.

(5) In this section, references to the appropriate authority in relation to a DSI matter have the same meaning as in Part 2 (see section 29).

Textual Amendments

F10 Words in s. 29G substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes, 8.1.2018 in so far as not already in force) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 45(2); S.I. 2017/1249, reg. 2 (with reg. 3)

F11 Words in s. 29G(2) substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes, 8.1.2018 in so far as not already in force) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 45(3); S.I. 2017/1249, reg. 2 (with reg. 3)

29H [F12 Director General's] powers and duties where whistle-blower is deceased U.K.

(1) The power of the [F13 Director General] to carry out an investigation under section 29D(1) applies where the whistle-blower dies before the [F13 Director General] becomes aware of the concern (or before [F14 the Director General] decides to investigate).

(2) Any investigation begun by the [F13 Director General] under section 29D(1) before the death of the whistle-blower may be continued after the death.

(3) Where a whistle-blower dies—

(a) any requirement under this Part to obtain the consent of the whistle-blower may be satisfied by obtaining the consent of that person's approved representative;

(b) any requirement under this Part to give any document or other information to the whistle-blower may be satisfied by giving the document or other information to the person's approved representative;

(c) any requirement under this Part not to disclose the identity of the whistle-blower does not apply or (where the [F13 Director General] became aware of the concern before the death) ceases to apply.

(4) For the purpose of this section, “approved representative” means a person who has been approved by the [F13 Director General] for the purposes of this Part.

(5) The [F13 Director General] may only approve a person who is—

(a) the widow or widower (or surviving civil partner) of the deceased whistle-blower,

(b) a personal representative (within the meaning of section 55(1)(xi) of the Administration of Estates Act 1925) of the deceased whistle-blower, or

(c) any other person appearing to the [F13 Director General] to have, by reason of a family or similar relationship with the deceased whistle-blower, a relevant interest in the outcome of the concern.

Textual Amendments

F12 Words in s. 29H heading substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes, 8.1.2018 in so far as not already in force) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 46(3); S.I. 2017/1249, reg. 2 (with reg. 3)

F13 Words in s. 29H substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes, 8.1.2018 in so far as not already in force) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 46(2); S.I. 2017/1249, reg. 2 (with reg. 3)

F14 Words in s. 29H(1) substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes, 8.1.2018 in so far as not already in force) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), ss., 183(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 46(4); S.I. 2017/1249, reg. 2 (with reg. 3)

29I Duty to keep whistle-blowers informed U.K.

(1) Where the [F15 Director General] carries out an investigation under section 29D(1), [F16 the Director General] must keep the whistle-blower properly informed about the progress of the investigation and its outcome.

(2) The Secretary of State may by regulations provide for exceptions to the duty under subsection (1).

(3) The power conferred by subsection (2) may be exercised only to the extent that the Secretary of State considers necessary for any of the permitted non-disclosure purposes.

(4) “The permitted non-disclosure purposes” are—

(a) preventing the premature or inappropriate disclosure of information that is relevant to, or may be used in, any actual or prospective criminal proceedings;

(b) preventing the disclosure of information in any circumstances in which it has been determined in accordance with the regulations that its non-disclosure—

(i) is in the interests of national security,

(ii) is for the purposes of the prevention or detection of crime or the apprehension or prosecution of offenders,

(iii) is for the purposes of the investigation of an allegation of misconduct against the whistle-blower or the taking of disciplinary proceedings or other appropriate action in relation to such an allegation,

(iv) is for the purposes of an investigation under Part 2 that relates to the whistle-blower,

(v) is required on proportionality grounds, or

(vi) is otherwise necessary in the public interest.

(5) The non-disclosure of information is required on proportionality grounds if its disclosure would cause, directly or indirectly, an adverse effect which would be disproportionate to the benefits arising from its disclosure.

Textual Amendments

F15 Words in s. 29I(1) substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 47(a)

F16 Words in s. 29I(1) substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 47(b)

29J Protection of anonymity of whistle-blowers U.K.

(1) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision setting out the circumstances in which the [F17 Director General] is required or authorised to disclose information falling within subsection (2) (or any particular description of such information) to persons specified, or of a description specified, in the regulations.

(2) The information falling within this subsection is—

(a) the identity of a whistle-blower or information that might (whether alone or with other information) tend to reveal that identity;

(b) the nature of a concern raised by a whistle-blower.

(3) The power conferred by subsection (1) may be exercised only to the extent that the Secretary of State considers necessary for any of the permitted disclosure purposes.

(4) “The permitted disclosure purposes” are—

(a) the protection of the interests of national security;

(b) the prevention or detection of crime or the apprehension of offenders;

(c) the institution or conduct of criminal proceedings;

(d) the investigation of allegations of misconduct against whistle-blowers and the taking of disciplinary proceedings or other appropriate action in relation to such allegations;

(e) investigations under Part 2 that relate to whistle-blowers;

(f) investigations under this Part;

(g) any other purpose that is for the protection of the public interest.

(5) Except as provided by regulations under subsection (1) or by any other provision of this Part, the [F17 Director General] may not disclose information falling within subsection (2) unless the whistle-blower consents to the disclosure.

Textual Amendments

F17 Words in s. 29J substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 48

29K Other restrictions on disclosure of information U.K.

(1) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision setting out the circumstances in which the [F18 Director General] is required or authorised to disclose information falling within subsection (2) (or any particular description of such information) to persons specified, or of a description specified, in the regulations.

(2) The information falling within this subsection is—

(a) information relating to an investigation under section 29D;

(b) information relating to the outcome of any such investigation.

(3) The power conferred by subsection (1) may be exercised only to the extent that the Secretary of State considers necessary for any of the permitted disclosure purposes.

(4) In this section, “the permitted disclosure purposes” has the same meaning as in section 29J.

(5) Except as provided by regulations under subsection (1) or by any other provision of this Part, the [F18 Director General] may not disclose information falling within subsection (2).

Textual Amendments

F18 Words in s. 29K substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 49

29L Application of provisions of Part 2 U.K.

(1) The following provisions of Part 2 apply in relation to the functions of the [F19 Director General] under this Part as they apply in relation to the functions of the [F19 Director General] under Part 2—

(a) section 15 (general duties of local policing bodies, chief officers and inspectors);

(b) section 16 (payment for assistance with investigation);

(c) section 17 (provision of information to the [F19 Director General]);

(d) section 18 (inspection of police premises on behalf of the [F19 Director General]);

(e) section 19 (use of investigatory powers by or on behalf of the [F19 Director General]);

(f) section 21A (restriction on disclosure of sensitive information);

(g) section 21B (provision of sensitive information to the [F19 Director General]);

(h) section 22 (power of the [F19 Director General] to issue guidance);

(i) section 26 (forces maintained otherwise than by local policing bodies);

(j) section 26BA (College of Policing);

(k) section 26C (the National Crime Agency).

(2) Except as provided by subsection (1), the provision made by sections 15 to 29 of Part 2 does not apply in relation to the functions of the [F19 Director General] under this Part.

Textual Amendments

F19 Words in s. 29L substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 50

29M Regulation-making powers: consultation U.K.

Before making regulations under this Part, the Secretary of State must consult—

(a) the [F20 Director General],

(b) such persons as appear to the Secretary of State to represent the views of police and crime commissioners,

(c) the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime;

(d) the Common Council,

(e) the National Police Chiefs' Council, and

(f) such other persons as the Secretary of State thinks fit.

Textual Amendments

F20 Words in s. 29M substituted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 51

29N Interpretation U.K.

(1) In this Part—

• F21 ...

• “appropriate authority” has the meaning given by section 29E(3);

• “chief officer” means the chief officer of police of any police force; and “acting chief officer” means (as appropriate)—

  (a)

  a person exercising or performing functions of a chief constable in accordance with section 41 of the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011,

  (b)

  a person exercising powers or duties of the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis in accordance with section 44 or 45(4) of that Act, or

  (c)

  a person exercising duties of the Commissioner of Police for the City of London in accordance with section 25 of the City of London Police Act 1839;

• “conduct” has the same meaning as in Part 2 (see section 29(1));

• [F22 “the Director General” means the Director General of the Independent Office for Police Conduct;]

• “whistle-blower” has the meaning given by section 29D(3).

(2) References in this Part to a person serving with the police have the same meaning as in Part 2 (see section 12(7)).]

Textual Amendments

F21 Words in s. 29N(1) omitted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes) by virtue of Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 52(a)

F22 Words in s. 29N(1) inserted (31.1.2017 for specified purposes) by Policing and Crime Act 2017 (c. 3), s. 183(1)(5)(e), Sch. 9 para. 52(b)