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Enterprise Act 2002, Cross Heading: Reports on references is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 01 September 2024. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations.
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Where a reference is made to the chair of the CMA under section 45 for the constitution of a group under Schedule 4 to the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013, the functions of the CMA under or by virtue of the following provisions of this Part in relation to the matter concerned are to be carried out on behalf of the CMA by the group so constituted—
(a)sections 47 to 53;
(b)where a reference is treated by virtue of section 49(1) as having been made under section 45(2) or (3), section 23(9)(ab) (as it has effect by virtue of section 42(6));
(c)sections 104, so far as relating to any decision mentioned in paragraph (a)(iii) of the definition of relevant decision in subsection (6) of that section, and 104A;
(d)section 107, so far as relating to anything done on behalf of the CMA by the group;
(e)section 109, where the permitted purpose relates to a function that (by virtue of this section) is being or is to be carried out on behalf of the CMA by the group;
(f)sections 110 to 115, so far as relating to a notice given under section 109 on behalf of the CMA by the group;
(g)section 118(4);
(h)section 120(5)(b), so far as relating to a decision of the group.]
Textual Amendments
F1S. 46D inserted (1.4.2014) by Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 5 para. 88 (with s. 28); S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(d) (with Sch.)
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C1S. 46D modified (1.4.2014) by Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 4 para. 47(2); S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(c) (with Sch.)
(1)The [F2CMA] shall, on a reference under section 45(2) or (3), decide whether a relevant merger situation has been created.
(2)If the [F2CMA] decides that such a situation has been created, it shall, on a reference under section 45(2), decide the following additional questions—
(a)whether the creation of that situation has resulted, or may be expected to result, in a substantial lessening of competition within any market or markets in the United Kingdom for goods or services; and
(b)whether, taking account only of any substantial lessening of competition and the admissible public interest consideration or considerations concerned, the creation of that situation operates or may be expected to operate against the public interest.
(3)If the [F2CMA] decides that a relevant merger situation has been created, it shall, on a reference under section 45(3), decide whether, taking account only of the admissible public interest consideration or considerations concerned, the creation of that situation operates or may be expected to operate against the public interest.
(4)The [F2CMA] shall, on a reference under section 45(4) or (5), decide whether arrangements are in progress or in contemplation which, if carried into effect, will result in the creation of a relevant merger situation.
(5)If the [F2CMA] decides that such arrangements are in progress or in contemplation, it shall, on a reference under section 45(4), decide the following additional questions—
(a)whether the creation of that situation may be expected to result in a substantial lessening of competition within any market or markets in the United Kingdom for goods or services; and
(b)whether, taking account only of any substantial lessening of competition and the admissible public interest consideration or considerations concerned, the creation of that situation may be expected to operate against the public interest.
(6)If the [F2CMA] decides that arrangements are in progress or in contemplation which, if carried into effect, will result in the creation of a relevant merger situation, it shall, on a reference under section 45(5), decide whether, taking account only of the admissible public interest consideration or considerations concerned, the creation of that situation may be expected to operate against the public interest.
(7)The [F2CMA] shall, if it has decided on a reference under section 45 that the creation of a relevant merger situation operates or may be expected to operate against the public interest, decide the following additional questions—
(a)whether action should be taken by the Secretary of State under section 55 for the purpose of remedying, mitigating or preventing any of the effects adverse to the public interest which have resulted from, or may be expected to result from, the creation of the relevant merger situation;
(b)whether the [F2CMA] should recommend the taking of other action by the Secretary of State or action by persons other than itself and the Secretary of State for the purpose of remedying, mitigating or preventing any of the effects adverse to the public interest which have resulted from, or may be expected to result from, the creation of the relevant merger situation; and
(c)in either case, if action should be taken, what action should be taken and what is to be remedied, mitigated or prevented.
(8)Where the [F2CMA] has decided by virtue of subsection (2)(a) or (5)(a) that there is or will be a substantial lessening of competition within any market or markets in the United Kingdom for goods or services, it shall also decide separately the following questions (on the assumption that it is proceeding as mentioned in section 56(6))—
(a)whether action should be taken by it under section 41 for the purpose of remedying, mitigating or preventing the substantial lessening of competition concerned or any adverse effect which has resulted from, or may be expected to result from, the substantial lessening of competition;
(b)whether the [F2CMA] should recommend the taking of action by other persons for the purpose of remedying, mitigating or preventing the substantial lessening of competition concerned or any adverse effect which has resulted from, or may be expected to result from, the substantial lessening of competition; and
(c)in either case, if action should be taken, what action should be taken and what is to be remedied, mitigated or prevented.
(9)In deciding the questions mentioned in subsections (7) and (8) the [F2CMA] shall, in particular, have regard to the need to achieve as comprehensive a solution as is reasonable and practicable to—
(a)the adverse effects to the public interest; or
(b)(as the case may be) the substantial lessening of competition and any adverse effects resulting from it.
(10)In deciding the questions mentioned in subsections (7) and (8) in a case where it has decided by virtue of subsection (2)(a) or (5)(a) that there is or will be a substantial lessening of competition, the [F2CMA] may, in particular, have regard to the effect of any action on any relevant customer benefits in relation to the creation of the relevant merger situation concerned.
(11)In this section “admissible public interest consideration” means any public interest consideration which is specified in the reference under section 45 and which the [F2CMA] is not under a duty to disregard.
Textual Amendments
F2Word in s. 47(1)-(11) substituted (1.4.2014) by Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 26(3), Sch. 5 para. 89 (with s. 28), S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(d) (with Sch.)
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C2Ss. 35, 36, 47, 63, 134 and 141 extended (20.6.2003) by 1977 c. 37, s. 50A(6) (as inserted by Enterprise Act 2002 (c. 40), ss. 278, 279, Sch. 25 para. 8(2)); S.I. 2003/1397 {art. 2(1)}, Sch. (with art. 8)
(1)The [F3CMA] shall cancel a reference under section 45(4) or (5) if it considers that the proposal to make arrangements of the kind mentioned in that reference has been abandoned.
(2)In relation to the question whether a relevant merger situation has been created or the question whether a relevant merger situation will be created, a reference under section 45 may be framed so as to require the [F3CMA] to exclude from consideration—
(a)subsection (1) of section 23;
(b)subsection (2) of that section; or
(c)one of those subsections if the [F3CMA] finds that the other is satisfied.
(3)In relation to the question whether [F4any such result as is mentioned in section 23(2)(b) has arisen or the question whether any such result will arise,] a reference under section 45 may be framed so as to require the [F3CMA] to confine its investigation to the supply of goods or services in a part of the United Kingdom specified in the reference.
Textual Amendments
F3Word in s. 48(1)-(3) substituted (1.4.2014) by Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 26(3), Sch. 5 para. 90 (with s. 28), S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(d) (with Sch.)
F4Words in s. 48(3) substituted (4.1.2022) by National Security and Investment Act 2021 (c. 25), s. 66(3), Sch. 2 para. 6 (with s. 62); S.I. 2021/1465, regs. 2, 3 (with regs. 4, 5)
(1)The [F5CMA] may, if it considers that doing so is justified by the facts (including events occurring on or after the making of the reference concerned), treat—
(a)a reference made under subsection (2) or (3) of section 45 as if it had been made under subsection (4) or (as the case may be) (5) of that section; or
(b)a reference made under subsection (4) or (5) of section 45 as if it had been made under subsection (2) or (as the case may be) (3) of that section;
and, in such cases, references in this Part to references under those enactments shall, so far as may be necessary, be construed accordingly.
(2)Where, by virtue of subsection (1), the [F5CMA] treats a reference made under subsection (2) or (3) of section 45 as if it had been made under subsection (4) or (as the case may be) (5) of that section, paragraphs F6... 2, 7 and 8 of Schedule 7 shall, in particular, apply as if the reference had been made under subsection (4) or (as the case may be) (5) of that section instead of under subsection (2) or (3) of that section.
(3)Where, by virtue of subsection (1), the [F5CMA] treats a reference made under subsection (4) or (5) of section 45 as if it had been made under subsection (2) or (as the case may be) (3) of that section, paragraphs F7... 2, 7 and 8 of Schedule 7 shall, in particular, apply as if the reference had been made under subsection (2) or (as the case may be) (3) of that section instead of under subsection (4) or (5) of that section.
(4)Subsection (5) applies in relation to F8... any order made under paragraph 2 of [F9Schedule 7], which is in force immediately before the [F5CMA], by virtue of subsection (1), treats a reference as mentioned in subsection (1).
(5)The F10... order shall, so far as applicable, continue in force as if—
(a)in the case of an F10... order which relates to a reference under subsection (2) or (3) of section 45 F11... made in relation to a reference made under subsection (4) or (as the case may be) (5) of that section; and
(b)in the case of an F10... order which relates to a reference made under subsection (4) or (5) of that section F11... made in relation to a reference made under subsection (2) or (as the case may be) (3) of that section;
and the F10... order concerned may be varied F12... or revoked accordingly.
(6)The Secretary of State may at any time vary a reference under section 45.
(7)The Secretary of State shall consult the [F5CMA] before varying any such reference.
(8)Subsection (7) shall not apply if the [F5CMA] has requested the variation concerned.
(9)No variation by the Secretary of State under this section shall be capable of altering the public interest consideration or considerations specified in the reference or the period permitted by section 51 within which the report of the [F5CMA] under section 50 is to be prepared and given to the Secretary of State.
Textual Amendments
F5Word in s. 49(1)-(4)(7)-(9) substituted (1.4.2014) by Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 26(3), Sch. 5 para. 91 (with s. 28); S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(d) (with Sch.)
F6Word in s. 49(2) omitted (1.4.2014) by virtue of Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 15 para. 25(2); S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(f) (with Sch.)
F7Word in s. 49(3) omitted (1.4.2014) by virtue of Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 15 para. 25(3); S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(f) (with Sch.)
F8Words in s. 49(4) omitted (1.4.2014) by virtue of Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 15 para. 25(4)(a); S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(f) (with Sch.)
F9Words in s. 49(4) substituted (1.4.2014) by Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 15 para. 25(4)(b); S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(f) (with Sch.)
F10Words in s. 49(5) omitted (1.4.2014) by virtue of Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 15 para. 25(5)(a); S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(f) (with Sch.)
F11Words in s. 49(5) omitted (1.4.2014) by virtue of Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 15 para. 25(5)(b); S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(f) (with Sch.)
F12Words in s. 49(5) omitted (1.4.2014) by virtue of Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 15 para. 25(5)(c); S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(f) (with Sch.)
(1)The [F13CMA] shall prepare a report on a reference under section 45 and give it to the Secretary of State within the period permitted by section 51.
(2)The report shall, in particular, contain—
(a)the decisions of the [F13CMA] on the questions which it is required to answer by virtue of section 47;
(b)its reasons for its decisions; and
(c)such information as the [F13CMA] considers appropriate for facilitating a proper understanding of those questions and of its reasons for its decisions.
[F14(2A)Where the report relates to a reference under section 45 which has been made after a report of OFCOM under section 44A, the [F13CMA] shall give a copy of its report (whether or not published) to OFCOM.]
(3)The [F13CMA] shall carry out such investigations as it considers appropriate for the purpose of producing a report under this section.
Textual Amendments
F13Word in s. 50(1)-(3) substituted (1.4.2014) by Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 26(3), Sch. 5 para. 92 (with s. 28), S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(d) (with Sch.)
F14S. 50(2A) inserted (29.12.2003) by Communications Act 2003 (c. 21), ss. 389(1), 411(2)(3), Sch. 16 para. 10 (with transitional provisions in Sch. 18); S.I. 2003/3142, art. 3(1), Sch. 1 (subject to arts. 3(3), 11)
(1)The [F16CMA] shall prepare its report under section 50 and give it to the Secretary of State under that section within the period of 24 weeks beginning with the date of the reference concerned.
(2)[F17Where article 9(6) of the European Merger Regulations applies in relation to the reference under section 45, the [F16CMA] shall prepare its report under section 50 and give it to the Secretary of State—
(a)within the period of 24 weeks beginning with the date of the reference; or
(b)if it is a shorter period, within such period as is necessary to ensure compliance with that article.]
(3)The [F16CMA] may extend, by no more than 8 weeks, the period within which a report under section 50 is to be prepared and given to the Secretary of State if it considers that there are special reasons why the report cannot be prepared and given to the Secretary of State within that period.
(4)The [F16CMA] may extend the period within which a report under section 50 is to be prepared and given to the Secretary of State if it considers that a relevant person has failed (whether with or without a reasonable excuse) to comply with any requirement of a notice under section 109.
(5)In subsection (4) “relevant person” means—
(a)any person carrying on any of the enterprises concerned;
(b)any person who (whether alone or as a member of a group) owns or has control of any such person; or
(c)any officer, employee or agent of any person mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b).
(6)For the purposes of subsection (5) a person or group of persons able, directly or indirectly, to control or materially to influence the policy of a body of persons corporate or unincorporate, but without having a controlling interest in that body of persons, may be treated as having control of it.
(7)An extension under subsection (3) or (4) shall come into force when published under section 107.
(8)An extension under subsection (4) shall continue in force until—
(a)the person concerned provides the information or documents to the satisfaction of the [F18CMA] or (as the case may be) appears as a witness in accordance with the requirements of the [F18CMA]; or
(b)the [F18CMA] publishes its decision to cancel the extension.
(9)This section is subject to sections 52 and 53.
Textual Amendments
F15Word in s. 51 heading substituted (1.4.2014) by Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 5 para. 93(3) (with s. 28); S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(d) (with Sch.)
F16Word in s. 51(1)-(4) substituted (1.4.2014) by Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 26(3), Sch. 5 para. 93(2) (with s. 28), S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(d) (with Sch.)
F17S. 51(2) ceased to have effect (1.5.2004) by virtue of The EC Merger Control (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2004 (S.I. 2004/1079), reg. 2, Sch. para. 2(16)
F18Word in s. 51(8) substituted (1.4.2014) by Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 5 para. 93(2) (with s. 28); S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(d) (with Sch.)
(1)[F19No extension is possible under subsection (3) or (4) of section 51 where the period within which the report is to be prepared and given to the Secretary of State is determined by virtue of subsection (2)(b) of that section.]
(2)[F19Where the period within which the report is to be prepared and given to the Secretary of State is determined by virtue of subsection (2)(a) of section 51, no extension is possible under subsection (3) or (4) of that section which extends that period beyond such period as is necessary to ensure compliance with article 9(6) of the European Merger Regulations.]
(3)A period extended under subsection (3) of section 51 may also be extended under subsection (4) of that section and a period extended under subsection (4) of that section may also be extended under subsection (3) of that section.
(4)No more than one extension is possible under section 51(3).
(5)Where a period within which a report under section 50 is to be prepared and given to the Secretary of State is extended or further extended under section 51(3) or (4), the period as extended or (as the case may be) further extended shall, subject to subsections (6) and (7), be calculated by taking the period being extended and adding to it the period of the extension (whether or not those periods overlap in time).
(6)Subsection (7) applies where—
(a)the period within which the report under section 50 is to be prepared and given to the Secretary of State is further extended;
(b)the further extension and at least one previous extension is made under section 51(4); and
(c)the same days or fractions of days are included in or comprise the further extension and are included in or comprise at least one such previous extension.
(7)In calculating the period of the further extension, any days or fractions of days of the kind mentioned in subsection (6)(c) shall be disregarded.
(8)The Secretary of State may by order amend section 51 so as to alter any one or more of the following periods—
(a)the period of 24 weeks mentioned in subsection (1) of that section or any period for the time being mentioned in that subsection in substitution for that period;
(b)[F19the period of 24 weeks mentioned in subsection (2)(a) of that section or any period for the time being mentioned in that subsection in substitution for that period;]
(c)the period of 8 weeks mentioned in subsection (3) of that section or any period for the time being mentioned in that subsection in substitution for that period.
(9)No alteration shall be made by virtue of subsection (8) which results in the period for the time being mentioned in subsection (1) [F20or (2)(a)] of section 51 exceeding 24 weeks or the period for the time being mentioned in subsection (3) of that section exceeding 8 weeks.
(10)An order under subsection (8) shall not affect any period of time within which the [F21CMA] is under a duty to prepare and give to the Secretary of State its report under section 50 in relation to a reference under section 45 if the [F21CMA] is already under that duty in relation to that reference when the order is made.
(11)Before making an order under subsection (8) the Secretary of State shall consult the [F21CMA] and such other persons as he considers appropriate.
(12)The Secretary of State may make regulations for the purposes of section 51(8).
(13)The regulations may, in particular—
(a)provide for the time at which information or documents are to be treated as provided (including the time at which they are to be treated as provided to the satisfaction of the [F22CMA] for the purposes of section 51(8));
(b)provide for the time at which a person is to be treated as appearing as a witness (including the time at which he is to be treated as appearing as a witness in accordance with the requirements of the [F22CMA] for the purposes of section 51(8));
(c)provide for the persons carrying on the enterprises which have or may have ceased to be, or may cease to be, distinct enterprises to be informed, in circumstances in which section 51(8) applies, of the fact that—
(i)the [F22CMA] is satisfied as to the provision of the information or documents required by it; or
(ii)the person concerned has appeared as a witness in accordance with the requirements of the [F22CMA];
(d)provide for the persons carrying on the enterprises which have or may have ceased to be, or may cease to be, distinct enterprises to be informed, in circumstances in which section 51(8) applies, of the time at which the [F22CMA] is to be treated as satisfied as mentioned in paragraph (c)(i) above or the person concerned is to be treated as having appeared as mentioned in paragraph (c)(ii) above.
Textual Amendments
F19S. 52(1)(2)(8)(b) ceased to have effect (1.5.2004) by virtue of The EC Merger Control (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2004 (S.I. 2004/1079), reg. 2, Sch. para. 2(17)(a)
F20Words in s. 52(9) ceased to have effect (1.5.2004) by virtue of The EC Merger Control (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2004 (S.I. 2004/1079), reg. 2, Sch. para. 2(17)(b)
F21Word in s. 52(10)(11) substituted (1.4.2014) by Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 5 para. 94 (with s. 28); S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(d) (with Sch.)
F22Word in s. 52(13) substituted (1.4.2014) by Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 5 para. 94 (with s. 28); S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(d) (with Sch.)
(1)The [F23CMA] shall cancel a reference under section 45 if—
(a)the intervention notice concerned mentions a public interest consideration which was not finalised on the giving of that notice or public interest considerations which, at that time, were not finalised;
(b)no other public interest consideration is mentioned in the notice;
(c)at least 24 weeks has elapsed since the giving of the notice; and
(d)the public interest consideration mentioned in the notice has not been finalised within that period of 24 weeks or (as the case may be) none of the public interest considerations mentioned in the notice has been finalised within that period of 24 weeks.
(2)Where a reference F24... under section 45 specifies a public interest consideration which has not been finalised before the making of the reference, the [F25CMA] shall not give its report to the Secretary of State under section 50 in relation to that reference unless—
(a)the period of 24 weeks beginning with the giving of the intervention notice concerned has expired; [F26or]
(b)the public interest consideration concerned has been finalised; [F27or]
(c)[F28the report must be given to the Secretary of State to ensure compliance with article 9(6) of the European Merger Regulations.]
(3)The [F29CMA] shall, in reporting on any of the questions mentioned in section 47(2)(b), (3), (5)(b), (6) and (7), disregard any public interest consideration which has not been finalised before the giving of the report.
(4)The [F29CMA] shall, in reporting on any of the questions mentioned in section 47(2)(b), (3), (5)(b), (6) and (7), disregard any public interest consideration which was not finalised on the giving of the intervention notice concerned and has not been finalised within the period of 24 weeks beginning with the giving of the notice concerned.
(5)Subsections (1) to (4) are without prejudice to the power of the [F29CMA] to carry out investigations in relation to any public interest consideration to which it might be able to have regard in its report.
Textual Amendments
F23Word in s. 53(1) substituted (1.4.2014) by Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 5 para. 95(2) (with s. 28); S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(d) (with Sch.)
F24Words in s. 53(2) omitted (1.4.2014) by virtue of Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 5 para. 95(3)(a) (with s. 28); S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(d) (with Sch.)
F25Word in s. 53(2) substituted (1.4.2014) by Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 103(3), Sch. 5 para. 95(3)(b) (with s. 28); S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(d) (with Sch.)
F26Word in s. 53(2) inserted (1.5.2004) by The EC Merger Control (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2004 (S.I. 2004/1079), reg. 2, Sch. para. 2(18)(a)
F27Word in s. 53(2) ceased to have effect (1.5.2004) by virtue of The EC Merger Control (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2004 (S.I. 2004/1079), reg. 2, Sch. para. 2(18)(b)
F28S. 53(2)(c) ceased to have effect (1.5.2004) by virtue of The EC Merger Control (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2004 (S.I. 2004/1079), reg. 2, Sch. para. 2(18)(c)
F29Word in s. 53(3)-(5) substituted (1.4.2014) by Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (c. 24), s. 26(3), Sch. 5 para. 95(4) (with s. 28), S.I. 2014/416, art. 2(1)(d)(with Sch.)
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Gallwch wneud defnydd o ddogfennau atodol hanfodol a gwybodaeth ar gyfer yr eitem ddeddfwriaeth o’r tab hwn. Yn ddibynnol ar yr eitem ddeddfwriaeth sydd i’w gweld, gallai hyn gynnwys:
This timeline shows the different points in time where a change occurred. The dates will coincide with the earliest date on which the change (e.g an insertion, a repeal or a substitution) that was applied came into force. The first date in the timeline will usually be the earliest date when the provision came into force. In some cases the first date is 01/02/1991 (or for Northern Ireland legislation 01/01/2006). This date is our basedate. No versions before this date are available. For further information see the Editorial Practice Guide and Glossary under Help.
Defnyddiwch y ddewislen hon i agor dogfennau hanfodol sy’n cyd-fynd â’r ddeddfwriaeth a gwybodaeth am yr eitem hon o ddeddfwriaeth. Gan ddibynnu ar yr eitem o ddeddfwriaeth sy’n cael ei gweld gall hyn gynnwys:
liciwch ‘Gweld Mwy’ neu ddewis ‘Rhagor o Adnoddau’ am wybodaeth ychwanegol gan gynnwys