Finance (No. 2) Act 2023 (c. 30)

Part 1 U.K. Income tax, corporation tax and capital gains tax

Income tax charge, rates etc U.K.

1 Income tax charge for tax year 2023-24 U.K.

Income tax is charged for the tax year 2023-24.

2 Main rates of income tax for tax year 2023-24 U.K.

For the tax year 2023-24 the main rates of income tax are as follows—

(a) the basic rate is 20%,

(b) the higher rate is 40%, and

(c) the additional rate is 45%.

3 Default and savings rates of income tax for tax year 2023-24 U.K.

(1) For the tax year 2023-24 the default rates of income tax are as follows—

(a) the default basic rate is 20%,

(b) the default higher rate is 40%, and

(c) the default additional rate is 45%.

(2) For the tax year 2023-24 the savings rates of income tax are as follows—

(a) the savings basic rate is 20%,

(b) the savings higher rate is 40%, and

(c) the savings additional rate is 45%.

4 Freezing starting rate limit for savings for tax year 2023-24 U.K.

(1) For the tax year 2023-24 the amount specified in section 12(3) of ITA 2007 (the starting rate limit for savings) is “£5,000”.

(2) Accordingly, section 21 of that Act (indexation) does not apply in relation to the starting rate limit for savings for that tax year.

Corporation tax charge and rates U.K.

5 Charge and main rate for financial year 2024 U.K.

(1) Corporation tax is charged for the financial year 2024.

(2) The main rate of corporation tax for that year is 25%.

6 Standard small profits rate and fraction for financial year 2024 U.K.

(1) For the purposes of Part 3A of CTA 2010, for the financial year 2024—

(a) the standard small profits rate is 19%, and

(b) the standard marginal relief fraction is 3/200ths.

Capital allowances U.K.

7 Temporary full expensing etc for expenditure on plant or machinery U.K.

(1) Part 2 of CAA 2001 (plant and machinery allowances) [F1 is amended as follows].

(2) Section 39 (first-year allowances available for certain types of qualifying expenditure only) has effect as if after the entry relating to section 45O there were inserted—

“section 45S

expenditure on plant or machinery in other cases”.

(3) Chapter 4 has effect as if after section 45R there were inserted—

“45S Expenditure on plant or machinery in other cases

Expenditure is first-year qualifying expenditure if—

(a) it is incurred on or after 1 April 2023 F2 ...,

(b) it is incurred by a company within the charge to corporation tax,

(c) it is expenditure on plant or machinery which is unused and not second-hand, and

(d) it is not excluded by section 45T (exclusion of expenditure under disqualifying arrangements) or 46 (general exclusions).

45T Exclusion of expenditure incurred under disqualifying arrangements

(1) Expenditure is not first-year qualifying expenditure under section 45S if the expenditure is incurred directly or indirectly in consequence of, or otherwise in connection with, disqualifying arrangements.

(2) Arrangements are “disqualifying arrangements” for the purposes of this section if—

(a) the main purpose, or one of the main purposes, of the arrangements is to secure a tax advantage connected with expenditure being first-year qualifying expenditure under section 45S (including securing the advantage by avoiding a balancing charge under section 59A or 59B or reducing the amount or timing of such a charge), and

(b) it is reasonable, taking account of all the relevant circumstances—

(i) to conclude that the arrangements are, or include steps that are, contrived, abnormal or lacking a genuine commercial purpose, or

(ii) to regard the arrangements as circumventing the intended limits of relief under this Act or otherwise exploiting shortcomings in this Act.

(3) In this section “arrangements” include any agreement, understanding, scheme, transaction or series of transactions (whether or not legally enforceable).”

(4) Section 46 (general exclusions) has effect as if—

(a) in subsection (1), after the entry relating to section 45O there were inserted—

“section 45S

expenditure on plant or machinery in other cases”, and

(b) after subsection (4) there were inserted—

“(4A) General exclusion 6 does not prevent expenditure being first-year qualifying expenditure under section 45S if the plant or machinery is provided for leasing under an excluded lease of background plant or machinery for a building.”

(5) Section 52 (first-year allowances) has effect as if in subsection (3), in the table, at the end there were inserted—

“Expenditure qualifying under section 45S (expenditure on plant or machinery in other cases) which is not special rate expenditure	100%
Expenditure qualifying under section 45S (expenditure on plant or machinery in other cases) which is special rate expenditure	50%”.

(6) Chapter 5 has effect as if after section 59 there were inserted—

“Special balancing charge in cases of F3 ... full expensing etc U.K.

59A Disposal of assets where first-year allowance made under section 45S for expenditure which is not special rate expenditure

(1) This section applies if a first-year allowance has been made to a company in respect of first-year qualifying expenditure under section 45S which is not special rate expenditure.

(2) If the company is required to bring a disposal value into account for an accounting period by reference to the plant or machinery on which the expenditure is incurred, the company is liable to a balancing charge for that period (whether or not it is also liable to any other balancing charge for that period).

(3) The amount of the balancing charge is the relevant proportion of the disposal value; and the relevant proportion is determined by dividing—

(a) the amount of the expenditure that was the subject of the allowance, by

(b) the total amount of expenditure that has been the subject of that or any other first-year allowance or has been allocated to a pool for that or any other accounting period.

(4) In relation to the accounting period for which the disposal value is brought into account, TDR (see section 55(1)(b)) for the pool to which the expenditure that was the subject of the allowance was allocated is to be reduced by the amount of the balancing charge.

59B Disposal of assets where first-year allowance made under section 45S for expenditure which is special rate expenditure

(1) This section applies if a first-year allowance has been made to a company in respect of first-year qualifying expenditure under section 45S which is special rate expenditure.

(2) If the company is required to bring a disposal value into account for an accounting period by reference to the plant or machinery on which the expenditure is incurred, the company is liable to a balancing charge for that period (whether or not it is also liable to any other balancing charge for that period).

(3) The amount of the balancing charge is the relevant proportion of the disposal value; and the relevant proportion is determined by—

(a) dividing the amount of the expenditure that was the subject of the allowance by two, and

(b) dividing the result of that division by the total amount of expenditure that has been the subject of that or any other first-year allowance or has been allocated to a pool for that or any other accounting period.

(4) In relation to the accounting period for which the disposal value is brought into account, TDR (see section 55(1)(b)) for the pool to which the expenditure that was the subject of the allowance was allocated is to be reduced by the amount of the balancing charge.

59C Sections 59A and 59B: tax avoidance arrangements

(1) This section applies if arrangements are entered into the main purpose, or one of the main purposes, of which is—

(a) to secure that a balancing charge under section 59A or 59B is not chargeable on a company, or

(b) to secure a reduction in the amount, or a change in the timing, of a balancing charge under section 59A or 59B which is chargeable on a company.

(2) Sections 59A and 59B are to have effect as if the arrangements had not been entered into.

(3) In this section “arrangements” include any agreement, understanding, scheme, transaction or series of transactions (whether or not legally enforceable).”

Textual Amendments

F1 Words in s. 7(1) substituted (22.2.2024) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), s. 1(2)(b)

F2 Words in s. 7(3) omitted (22.2.2024) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), s. 1(1)

F3 Word in s. 7(6) omitted (22.2.2024) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), s. 1(2)(b)

8 Annual investment allowance to remain at £1M beyond temporary period U.K.

(1) The amount of £1,000,000 which is specified in section 51A(5) of CAA 2001 as the maximum allowance in relation to expenditure incurred in the period beginning with 1 January 2019 and ending with 31 March 2023 is to be the amount of the maximum allowance in relation to expenditure incurred on or after 1 April 2023 (as well as in relation to expenditure incurred in that period).

(2) Accordingly—

(a) in section 51A of CAA 2001, for the amount specified in subsection (5) as the maximum allowance (which in the absence of this section would be £200,000 in relation to expenditure incurred on or after 1 April 2023) substitute “£1,000,000”, and

(b) the temporary AIA transitional provisions cease to have effect in relation to chargeable periods beginning before 1 April 2023 and ending on or after that date.

(3) For this purpose “the temporary AIA transitional provisions” means—

(a) paragraphs 2 and 3 of Schedule 13 to FA 2019, and

(b) section 32 of FA 2019, section 15 of FA 2021 and section 12 of FA 2022 so far as relating to those paragraphs.

9 First-year allowance for expenditure on electric vehicle charge points U.K.

In section 45EA of CAA 2001 (expenditure on plant or machinery for electric vehicle charging point), in subsection (3) (the relevant period), in paragraphs (a) and (b), for “2023” substitute “2025”.

Other reliefs relating to businesses U.K.

10 Relief for research and development U.K.

Schedule 1 makes provision in relation to the corporation tax relief contained in Chapter 6A of Part 3 of CTA 2009 (trade profits: R&D expenditure credits) and Part 13 of CTA 2009 (additional relief for expenditure on research and development)—

(a) conferring relief in respect of expenditure on data and cloud computing services,

(b) about the administration and management of claims for relief,

(c) about the circumstances in which an enterprise counts as a small or medium-sized enterprise and in which accounts are to be treated as prepared on a going concern basis, and

(d) limiting relief for expenditure incurred on payments to expenditure incurred on payments made before the making of a claim for the relief.

11 Treatment of profits from patents etc: small profits rate of corporation tax U.K.

(1) In section 357A of CTA 2010 (election for special treatment of profits from patents etc), in subsection (3)—

(a) in the formula, in both places it occurs, for “MR” substitute “AR”;

(b) for the definition of “MR” substitute—

• ““AR” means, in relation to a company—

  (a)

  in a case where corporation tax is charged at the standard small profits rate on the company’s taxable total profits of the accounting period mentioned in subsection (1) which are not ring fence profits, that rate, or

  (b)

  in any other case, the main rate of corporation tax.”

(2) The amendments made by subsection (1) have effect in relation to accounting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2023.

12 Energy (oil and gas) profits levy: de-carbonisation allowance U.K.

(1) The Energy (Oil and Gas) Profits Levy Act 2022 is amended as follows.

(2) In section 2 (additional expenditure treated as incurred for purposes of section 1), for subsection (3) substitute—

“(3) For the purposes of section 1 the company is to be treated as if, in addition to the investment expenditure (“the IE”) incurred by it in the accounting period, it had incurred in that period—

(a) expenditure of an amount equal to 80% of the amount of the IE, in a case where the expenditure is capital expenditure on the de-carbonisation of its upstream petroleum production, and

(b) expenditure of an amount equal to 29% of the amount of the IE, in any other case.”

(3) In that section, after subsection (4) insert—

“(4A) For the purposes of this section, where a company incurs expenditure part of which is capital expenditure on the de-carbonisation of its upstream petroleum production and part of which is not, the expenditure is to be apportioned on a just and reasonable basis.”

(4) After that section insert—

“2A Section 2: meaning of expenditure on “de-carbonisation of upstream petroleum production”

(1) Expenditure incurred by a company is expenditure on the “de-carbonisation of its upstream petroleum production” for the purposes of section 2 if—

(a) the expenditure is incurred in qualifying circumstances, and

(b) the main purpose, or one of the main purposes, in incurring the expenditure is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the carrying on by the company of its ring fence trade.

(2) For this purpose expenditure is incurred in qualifying circumstances if—

(a) it is incurred on the provision of an alternative energy asset which is to be used for the purpose of generating or storing power for use by the company in its upstream petroleum facilities,

(b) it is incurred on the modification of an asset so that it becomes an alternative energy asset which is to be used for that purpose,

(c) it is incurred on the provision of an asset (such as a cable or substation) where the asset is to be used to make a connection to the electric grid or to an alternative energy asset so that (in either case) the company can use the power generated in its upstream petroleum facilities,

(d) it is incurred for the purpose of reducing or eliminating flaring or venting,

(e) it is incurred for the purpose of capturing greenhouse gas emissions, or

(f) it is incurred for the purpose of monitoring or measuring greenhouse gas emissions (including with a view to detecting leaks of greenhouse gas emissions from the company’s upstream petroleum facilities).

(3) For the purposes of this section an asset is an alternative energy asset if the asset generates or stores power (wholly or mainly) from sources of energy other than fossil fuels.

(4) For the purposes of this section references to a company’s upstream petroleum facilities are to any facility used by the company for the purposes of its oil extraction activities.

(5) In this section—

• “the electric grid” means—

  (a)

  in Great Britain, anything which is a transmission system, or a distribution system connected to a transmission system, for the purposes of Part 1 of the Electricity Act 1989, or

  (b)

  in Northern Ireland, anything which is a transmission system, or a distribution system connected to a transmission system, for the purposes of Part 2 of the Electricity (Northern Ireland) Order 1992,

• “emissions” has the same meaning as it has in the Climate Change Act 2008 (see section 97),

• “fossil fuel” has the meaning given by section 32M of the Electricity Act 1989, and

• “greenhouse gas” has the same meaning as it has in the Climate Change Act 2008 (see section 92).”

(5) In section 3 (section 2: meaning of “operating expenditure”), for subsection (5) substitute—

“(5) In this section “tariff receipts” has the meaning given by section 291A of CTA 2010.”

(6) In section 18(1) (interpretation)—

(a) after the definition of “energy (oil and gas) profits levy” insert—

• ““facility” means a platform, an oil well, a platform well, an oil well head or upstream petroleum infrastructure,”, and

(b) omit the “and” before the definition of “ring fence trade” and after that definition insert—

• ““upstream petroleum infrastructure” means any upstream petroleum pipeline, oil processing facility or gas processing facility (as those expressions are defined by section 90 of the Energy Act 2011 but as if that section also applied (with the appropriate modifications) to Northern Ireland).”

(7) The amendments made by subsections (2) to (4) have effect in relation to expenditure incurred on or after 1 January 2023 and the amendments made by subsections (5) and (6) have effect in relation to expenditure incurred on or after 26 May 2022.

13 Museums and galleries exhibition tax relief: extension of sunset date U.K.

In section 1218ZCG(1)(c) of CTA 2009 (date before which qualifying expenditure must be incurred), for “2024” substitute “2026”.

14 Extension of the temporary increase in theatre tax credit etc U.K.

(1) In each of the following provisions of FA 2022—

(a) section 17(2) (temporary increase in amount of theatre tax credit),

(b) section 19(2) (corresponding provision for orchestra tax credit), and

(c) section 21(2) (corresponding provision for museums and galleries exhibition tax credit),

for “2023” substitute “2025”.

(2) In each of the following provisions of that Act (which provide for an increase in the amount of those credits for a further year but at a lower rate than that provided for by sections 17(2), 19(2) and 21(2))—

(a) section 17(3),

(b) section 19(3), and

(c) section 21(3),

for “2023” substitute “2025” and for “2024” substitute “2026”.

(3) In each of the following provisions of that Act (which deal with straddling periods for those credits)—

(a) section 17(4),

(b) section 19(4), and

(c) section 21(4),

for “2023” substitute “2025” and for “2024” substitute “2026”.

15 Seed enterprise investment scheme: increase of limits etc. U.K.

(1) Part 5A of ITA 2007 (seed enterprise investment scheme) is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (5).

(2) In section 257AB (form and amount of SEIS relief), in subsection (2)(b), for “£100,000” substitute “£200,000”.

(3) In section 257DI (the gross assets requirement)—

(a) in subsection (1), for “£200,000” substitute “£350,000”;

(b) in subsection (2), for “£200,000” substitute “£350,000”.

(4) In section 257DL (the amount raised through the SEIS), in each of the following provisions, for “£150,000” substitute “£250,000”—

(a) subsection (1);

(b) subsection (4)(a);

(c) subsection (4)(b);

(d) in subsection (6), the definition of “A”.

(5) In section 257HF (meaning of “new qualifying trade”)—

(a) in subsection (1)(a), for “two” substitute “three”;

(b) in subsection (2), for the definition of “two year pre-investment period” substitute—

• ““three year pre-investment period” means the period of 3 years ending immediately before the day on which the relevant shares are issued.”

(6) In Schedule 5BB to TCGA 1992 (seed enterprise investment scheme: re-investment), in paragraph 2—

(a) in sub-paragraph (1), for “£100,000” substitute “£200,000”;

(b) in sub-paragraph (2), in the formula, for “£100,000” substitute “£200,000”.

(7) The amendments made by this section have effect in relation to shares issued on or after 6 April 2023.

Reliefs for employees U.K.

16 CSOP schemes: share value limit and share class U.K.

(1) Schedule 4 to ITEPA 2003 (CSOP schemes) is amended as follows.

(2) In paragraph 6 (limit on value of shares subject to options)—

(a) in sub-paragraph (1), in the words after paragraph (b), for “£30,000” substitute “£60,000”;

(b) after sub-paragraph (4) insert—

“(5) The Treasury may by regulations amend sub-paragraph (1) by substituting a different sum of money for the sum for the time being specified there.”

(3) In paragraph 15 (requirements relating to shares that may be subject to share options: introduction), in sub-paragraph (1)—

(a) after the entry for paragraph 17 insert “, and”;

(b) omit the entry for paragraph 20 and the “, and” before it.

(4) Omit paragraph 20 (requirements as to other shareholdings).

(5) In paragraph 27 (requirement about share options granted in exchange), in sub-paragraph (4)(a), for “20” substitute “18”.

(6) The amendments made by subsection (2) have effect for the purposes of determining whether a share option may be granted to an individual on or after 6 April 2023 (“the commencement day”).

(7) The amendments made by subsections (3) and (4) have effect in relation to—

(a) share options granted on or after the commencement day, and

(b) shares acquired by the exercise of share options on or after the commencement day (regardless of when those share options were granted).

(8) The amendment made by subsection (5) has effect in relation to share options granted on or after the commencement day.

(9) A CSOP scheme which was approved by, or notified to, His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs before the commencement day has effect on and after the commencement day with any modifications needed to reflect the amendments made by this section.

(10) In particular, such a CSOP scheme has effect from the commencement day with—

(a) the substitution of “£60,000” for “£30,000” in any provision required by paragraph 6 of Schedule 4 to ITEPA 2003;

(b) the omission of any provision that (before the amendments made by this section) was required by paragraph 20 of that Schedule by virtue of paragraph 15(1) of that Schedule.

(11) In this section, “CSOP scheme” and “share option” have the same meaning as in the CSOP code (see paragraph 37 of Schedule 4 to ITEPA 2003).

17 Enterprise management incentives: restricted shares and declarations U.K.

(1) Schedule 5 to ITEPA 2003 (enterprise management incentives) is amended as follows.

(2) In Part 5 (requirements relating to options), in paragraph 37 (terms of option to be agreed in writing) omit sub-paragraphs (4) and (5).

(3) In Part 7 (notification of option to HMRC), in paragraph 44 (notice of option to be given to HMRC)—

(a) in sub-paragraph (5)—

(i) after paragraph (a) insert “and”;

(ii) omit paragraph (c) and the “, and” immediately before it;

(b) omit sub-paragraphs (5A) and (6).

(4) In Part 8 (supplementary provisions) omit paragraph 57A (penalty for non-compliance with paragraph 44(5A)).

(5) The amendments made by this section have effect in relation to—

(a) share options granted on or after 6 April 2023, or

(b) share options granted before 6 April 2023 which are capable of being exercised on or after that date (“relevant options”).

(6) But if—

(a) an employer company has granted relevant options to persons by reason of their employment with the company, and

(b) the effect of subsection (5)(b) would otherwise be that a relevant requirement would not be met in relation to one or more share options granted before 6 April 2023,

the employer company must, on or before the relevant day, make arrangements for determining which of the relevant options, or the extent to which those options, are to take the benefit of subsection (5)(b) without a relevant requirement not being met in relation to any share options granted before 6 April 2023.

(7) The arrangements must—

(a) set out the criteria by reference to which the determination will be made, and

(b) be made available to persons who may be affected by the determination.

(8) If the employer company fails to make arrangements in accordance with subsection (7) in a case where it is required to do so by subsection (6), which relevant options, or the extent to which those options, take the benefit of subsection (5)(b) is to be determined in the chronological order in which those options were granted (and where two or more relevant options were granted at the same time, the extent to which those options take the benefit of subsection (5)(b) is, where necessary, to be apportioned between those options).

(9) In this section—

• “relevant day” means 6 July following the end of the first tax year in which a relevant option granted by the employer company is exercised;

• “relevant options” has the meaning given in subsection (5)(b);

• “relevant requirement” means any of the requirements in paragraphs 5(1), 6(2) or (4) or 7(1) of Schedule 5 to ITEPA 2003;

• “share option” and “employer company” have the same meaning as in the EMI code (see paragraph 59 of Schedule 5 to ITEPA 2003).

Pensions U.K.

F4 18 Lifetime allowance charge abolished U.K.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F4 S. 18 repealed (22.2.2024) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), s. 14(3)

F5 19 Certain lump sums to be taxed at marginal rate U.K.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F5 S. 19 repealed (22.2.2024) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), s. 14(3)

20 Annual allowance increased U.K.

(1) In Part 4 of FA 2004 (pension schemes etc), section 228 (annual allowance) is amended as follows.

(2) For subsection (1) substitute—

“(1) The annual allowance for the tax year 2023-24 and, subject to subsection (2), each subsequent tax year is £60,000.”

(3) In subsection (2) for “2014-15” substitute “2023-24”.

21 Money purchase annual allowance U.K.

(1) Part 4 of FA 2004 (pension schemes etc) is amended as follows.

(2) In the following provisions, for “£4,000” substitute “£10,000”—

(a) section 227ZA(1)(b);

(b) section 227B(1)(b) and (2);

(c) in section 227D(4), Steps 4 and 5.

(3) In consequence of the amendments made by this section, in F(No.2)A 2017, omit section 7.

(4) The amendments made by this section have effect for the tax year 2023-24 and subsequent tax years.

22 Annual allowance: tapering U.K.

(1) In Part 4 of FA 2004 (pension schemes etc), section 228ZA (tapered reduction of annual allowance) is amended as follows.

(2) In subsection (1)—

(a) for “£4,000” substitute “£10,000”;

(b) for “£240,000” substitute “£260,000”.

(3) In subsection (3)(a) and (b), for “£240,000” substitute “£260,000”.

(4) The amendments made by this section have effect for the tax year 2023-24 and subsequent tax years.

23 Modification of certain existing transitional protections U.K.

(1) In Part 4 of FA 2004 (pension schemes etc), Schedule 36 (transitional provisions) is amended in accordance with subsections (2) and (3).

(2) In paragraph 12 (enhanced protection), in sub-paragraph (2), after “ceases to apply if” insert “the notice under sub-paragraph (1) is given on or after 15 March 2023 and”.

(3) In paragraph 27 (enhanced protection: modifications of paragraph 2 of Schedule 29), in sub-paragraph (3), in the substituted sub-paragraph (5) of paragraph 2, for the words after “the permitted maximum is” substitute “the lower of—

(a) the applicable amount calculated in accordance with paragraph 3, and

(b) the amount that would have been the applicable amount calculated in accordance with paragraph 3 if the lump sum had been paid on 5 April 2023.”

(4) In the Taxation of Pension Schemes (Transitional Provisions) Order 2006 (S.I. 2006/572), in article 25C (payment of stand-alone lump sums: tax consequences), for paragraph (3) substitute—

“(3A) Section 636A of ITEPA 2003 (exemptions and liabilities for certain lump sums under registered pension schemes) is to be read as if, after subsection (1C), there were inserted—

“(1D) In the case of a stand-alone lump sum paid under a registered pension scheme—

(a) no liability to income tax arises on so much of the sum as does not exceed the 5 April 2023 maximum, and

(b) section 579A applies in relation to the remainder (if any) of the sum as that section applies to any pension under a registered pension scheme.

(1E) In subsection (1D) and this subsection—

(a) “stand-alone lump sum” has the meaning given by paragraph (3) of article 25 of the Taxation of Pension Schemes (Transitional Provisions) Order 2006 (S.I. 2006/572);

(b) “the 5 April 2023 maximum” means the maximum amount that, on 5 April 2023, could have been paid to the member under the registered pension scheme by way of a stand-alone lump sum.

(1F) For the purposes of determining the maximum amount mentioned in paragraph (b) of subsection (1E), condition C in article 25A of the order mentioned in paragraph (a) of that subsection (condition that member has reached normal minimum pension age etc) is treated as met.””

(5) In FA 2011, in Schedule 18, in paragraph 14 (fixed protection 2012) in sub-paragraph (4), after “ceases to apply if” insert “the notice under sub-paragraph (1) or (as the case may be) sub-paragraph (1A) is given on or after 15 March 2023 and,”.

(6) In FA 2013, in Schedule 22, in paragraph 1 (fixed protection 2014), in sub-paragraph (3), after “ceases to apply if” insert “the notice under sub-paragraph (1) is given on or after 15 March 2023 and,”.

(7) In FA 2016, in Schedule 4, in Part 1 (fixed protection 2016), in paragraph 3, after “There is a protection-cessation event if” insert “the reference number for the purposes of paragraph 1(2) was issued pursuant to an application made on or after 15 March 2023 and”.

(8) The amendments made by this section have effect for the tax year 2023-24 and subsequent tax years.

24 Collective money purchase arrangements U.K.

(1) Part 4 of FA 2004 (pension schemes) is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (8).

(2) In section 152 (meaning of arrangement), in subsection (5A)—

(a) the words after “means benefits that are” become paragraph (a);

(b) at the end of that paragraph insert “, or”;

(c) after that paragraph insert—

“(b) payments of CMP periodic income.”

(3) In section 169 (recognised transfers), after subsection (1E) insert—

“(1F) The Commissioners for His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs may by regulations make provision as to the treatment for the purposes of any provision of this Part of a CMP-derived drawdown pension.

(1G) The provision that may be made under subsection (1F) includes provision for treating sums or assets held for the purposes of a CMP-derived drawdown pension as remaining, to such extent as is prescribed by the regulations and for such of the purposes of this Part as are so prescribed, held for the purposes of the collective money purchase arrangement under the pension scheme from which they were transferred.”

(4) In section 279 (other definitions), after subsection (1E) insert—

“(1F) For the purposes of this Part a “CMP-derived drawdown pension” means a drawdown pension (within the meaning given by paragraph 4 of Schedule 28) where—

(a) the sums or assets constituting the fund from which the pension is payable were transferred from another pension scheme, and

(b) before the transfer, those sums or assets were held for the purposes of paying CMP periodic income.

(1G) For the purposes of this Part “CMP periodic income” means income payable by virtue of section 36(7)(b) or 87(7)(b) of the Pension Schemes Act 2021 (periodic income paid under collective money purchase arrangement while pursuing continuity option 1).”

(5) In section 280 (abbreviations and general index), in subsection (2) at the appropriate places insert—

“CMP-derived drawdown pension

section 279(1F)””

“CMP periodic income

section 279(1G)”.

(6) In Schedule 28 (registered pension schemes: authorised pensions - supplementary), in Part 2 (pension death benefit rules), in paragraph 16A (limit on dependant’s scheme pension), after sub-paragraph (2) insert—

“(3) Where, immediately before the member’s death, the member is actually or prospectively entitled to CMP periodic income, any CMP periodic income that is at any later time payable to a dependant of the member is to be ignored for the purposes of paragraphs 16AA to 16B.”

(7) In Schedule 29 (authorised lump sums - supplementary), in Part 1 (lump sum rule), in paragraph 1, for sub-paragraph (4A) substitute—

“(4A) A lump sum is an excluded lump sum if the pension in connection with which the member becomes entitled to it is a CMP-derived drawdown pension.”

(8) In Schedule 32 (benefit crystallisation events - supplementary), for paragraph 2B substitute—

“2B (1) This paragraph applies for the purposes of benefit crystallisation event 1 where the sums or assets designated are, after the designation, held for the purposes of a CMP-derived drawdown pension.

(2) The amount crystallised by the event is to be reduced by the amount (or an appropriate proportion of the amount) crystallised on the individual becoming entitled to a scheme pension under the collective money purchase arrangement for the purposes of which the sums or assets were previously held.”

(9) In consequence of the amendments made by the preceding provisions of this section, the following provisions of Schedule 5 to FA 2021 are omitted—

(a) paragraph 21(2)(b);

(b) paragraph 22(2).

(10) The Registered Pension Schemes (Transfer of Sums and Assets) Regulations 2006 (S.I. 2006/499) are amended in accordance with subsections (11) and (12).

(11) In regulation 3 (scheme pension payable by registered pension scheme - recognised transfers), at the end insert—

“(3) Paragraphs (1) and (2) do not apply in relation to a transfer within section 169(1) or (1A) of sums or assets which, before the transfer, were held for the purposes of paying CMP periodic income.

(4) Such a transfer is not a recognised transfer unless the sums and assets transferred are, after the transfer, applied towards the provision of a drawdown pension (within the meaning given by paragraph 4 of Schedule 28).”

(12) In regulation 5 (term and reduction in rate of scheme pension), in paragraph (1), in the opening words, for “3 or 4” substitute “3(1) or (2) or regulation 4,”.

25 Relief relating to net pay arrangements U.K.

In FA 2004, in Part 4 (pension schemes etc), in Chapter 4 (certain tax reliefs and exemptions), after section 193 (relief under net pay arrangements) insert—

“193A Net pay arrangements: relief where no income tax liability

(1) This section applies where—

(a) an individual is entitled to be given relief in accordance with section 193 in respect of the payment of a contribution under a pension scheme,

(b) the individual is entitled to a personal allowance, in accordance with section 35(1) of ITA 2007 (personal allowance), for the tax year in which the payment is made (“the relevant tax year”), and

(c) the amount of the individual’s total income for the relevant tax year does not exceed the personal allowance specified in section 35(1) of ITA 2007 for the relevant tax year.

(2) The Commissioners for His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs must make arrangements to secure that, so far as reasonably practicable and subject to provision made under subsection (5), they pay to the individual the appropriate amount in relation to the contribution.

(3) The appropriate amount is—

(a) where the individual’s total income for the relevant tax year plus the contribution does not exceed the personal allowance specified in section 35(1) of ITA 2007 for the relevant tax year, an amount equal to income tax at the relevant rate on the whole of the contribution, and

(b) where the individual’s total income for the relevant tax year plus the contribution does exceed the personal allowance specified in section 35(1) of ITA 2007 for the relevant tax year, an amount equal to income tax at the relevant rate on an amount calculated in accordance with this formula—

C - E

where—

• C equals the whole of the contribution, and

• E equals the amount by which the personal allowance is exceeded by the individual’s total income for the relevant tax year plus the contribution.

(4) The arrangements must secure that an amount which the Commissioners are required to pay in relation to a contribution is paid as soon as reasonably practicable after the tax year in which the contribution is paid.

(5) The arrangements must include a procedure for the purposes of allowing an individual to whom an amount would otherwise have to be paid under subsection (2) to decline to receive that amount.

(6) For the purposes of income tax, apart from determining whether this section applies or calculating the appropriate amount in accordance with subsection (3), an amount paid to an individual in accordance with the arrangements is to be treated as if it were earnings within Chapter 1 of Part 3 of ITEPA 2003—

(a) from an employment in the relevant tax year, and

(b) in respect of duties performed in the United Kingdom.

(7) In subsection (3), “the relevant rate” is—

(a) where the individual is a Scottish taxpayer for the relevant tax year, the Scottish basic rate for that year,

(b) where the individual is a Welsh taxpayer for the relevant tax year, the Welsh basic rate for that year, and

(c) in all other cases, the basic rate for that tax year.

(8) In this section, “total income” has the meaning given by section 23 of ITA 2007 (the calculation of income tax liability).

(9) The Treasury may by regulations amend or otherwise modify this section.

(10) Regulations under subsection (9) may make different provision for different purposes.”

Social security U.K.

26 Payments under Jobs Growth Wales Plus U.K.

(1) After section 776 of ITTOIA 2005 insert—

“776A Payments under Jobs Growth Wales Plus

(1) No liability to income tax arises in respect of a payment that is made—

(a) by way of training allowance under the Jobs Growth Wales Plus scheme, and

(b) to a person as a participant in that scheme.

(2) For this purpose the “Jobs Growth Wales Plus scheme” means the scheme under section 14 of the Education Act 2002 known as Jobs Growth Wales Plus.”

(2) The amendment made by this section has effect in relation to payments made on or after 1 April 2022.

27 Power to clarify tax treatment of devolved social security benefits U.K.

(1) The Treasury may by regulations amend Chapter 3 of Part 10 of ITEPA 2003 (taxable UK social security benefits) so as to provide that a specified devolved social security benefit is chargeable to income tax.

(2) A “specified devolved social security benefit” means a social security benefit which is—

(a) payable under or by virtue of a post-commencement devolved enactment, and

(b) specified in regulations under this section.

(3) A “post-commencement devolved enactment” means an enactment which is—

(a) contained in, or in an instrument made under—

(i) an Act of the Scottish Parliament;

(ii) an Act of Senedd Cymru;

(iii) Northern Ireland legislation, and

(b) passed or made on or after the day on which this Act is passed.

(4) Regulations under this section may make—

(a) different provision for different cases;

(b) incidental, supplementary or consequential provision (which may include provision amending any provision made by or under the Income Tax Acts).

(5) In section 655 of ITEPA 2003 (structure of Part 10), in subsection (2), at the end insert “;

• section 27 of F(No. 2)A 2023 (power to clarify tax treatment of devolved social security benefits).”

Foster carers etc U.K.

28 Qualifying care relief: increase in individual’s limit U.K.

(1) Chapter 2 of Part 7 of ITTOIA 2005 (qualifying care relief) is amended as follows.

(2) In section 808 (the individual’s limit)—

(a) in subsection (2), for “£10,000” substitute “£18,140”, and

(b) omit subsection (3) (which confers a power to amend that amount).

(3) In section 811 (the amount per adult or child)—

(a) in subsection (1A) (weekly amount for adult), for “£250” substitute “£450”,

(b) in subsection (2)(a) (weekly amount for children under 11 years old), for “£200” substitute “£375”,

(c) in subsection (2)(b) (weekly amount for older children), for “£250” substitute “£450”, and

(d) omit subsection (3) (which confers a power to amend those amounts).

(4) After section 828 insert—

“828A Indexation of the fixed amount and the amount per adult and child

(1) This section provides for increases in the amounts specified in—

(a) section 808(2) (the fixed amount), and

(b) section 811(1A) and (2)(a) and (b) (the amount per adult or child),

if the consumer prices index for the September before the start of a tax year is higher than it was for the previous September.

(2) The amount specified in section 808(2) for the tax year is found as follows—

• Step 1: multiply the amount for the previous tax year by the same percentage as the percentage increase in the consumer prices index.

• Step 2: if the result of Step 1 is a multiple of £10, it is the increase for the tax year.

  If the result of Step 1 is not a multiple of £10, round it up to the nearest amount which is a multiple of £10 and that amount is the increase for the tax year.

• Step 3: add the increase for the tax year to the amount for the previous tax year and the result is the amount for the tax year.

(3) The amounts specified in section 811(1A) and (2)(a) and (b) for the tax year are found as follows—

• Step 1: multiply the amount for the previous tax year by the same percentage as the percentage increase in the consumer prices index.

• Step 2: if the result of Step 1 is a multiple of £5, it is the increase for the tax year.

  If the result of Step 1 is not a multiple of £5, round it up to the nearest amount which is a multiple of £5 and that amount is the increase for the tax year.

• Step 3: add the increase for the tax year to the amount for the previous tax year and the result is the amount for the tax year.

(4) Before the start of the tax year the Treasury must make an order replacing the amounts specified in the provisions listed in subsection (1) with the amounts which, as a result of this section, are the amounts for the tax year.

(5) In this section “consumer prices index” means the all items consumer prices index published by the Statistics Board.”

(5) In section 873(3) (orders made by Treasury etc not subject to negative resolution procedure), after paragraph (c) (but before the “or” at the end) insert—

“(ca) section 828A (qualifying care relief: indexation of amounts),”.

(6) The amendments made by this section have effect for the tax year 2023-24 and subsequent tax years.

Estates in administration and trusts U.K.

29 Estates in administration and trusts U.K.

Schedule 2 contains amendments relating to estates in administration and trusts.

Provisions relating to insurance U.K.

30 Transfer of basic life assurance and general annuity business U.K.

(1) In Part 2 of FA 2012 (insurance companies carrying on long-term business), after section 130 insert—

“130A Re-insurance in the course of transfer of BLAGAB

(1) This section applies to a re-insurer in relation to the re-insurance of the whole, or part of, a cedant’s basic life assurance and general annuity business, if—

(a) the business is not excluded business for the purposes of section 57(2)(e), and

(b) it is reasonable to suppose that the arrangements for the re-insurance are made, or are operated, in connection with an insurance business transfer scheme under which the business will be transferred to the re-insurer or a person connected with the re-insurer.

(2) Where the arrangements are operated, but were not made, in connection with the insurance business transfer scheme, this section is to apply to the re-insurer from the later of—

(a) the beginning of the accounting period in which it is reasonable to suppose that the arrangements were first operated in connection with the transfer, and

(b) 15 December 2022.

(3) Where this section applies in relation to re-insurance, that re-insurance (so far as it is of basic life assurance and general annuity business) is to be treated as excluded business for the purposes of section 57(2)(e) (and that business is referred to in this section as “the re-insured business”).

(4) Accordingly—

(a) the re-insured business is, or forms part of, the separate basic life assurance and general annuity business of the re-insurer (see section 66(2)), and

(b) accounting profit or loss and the tax adjustments (within the meaning of section 114(4)) referable to the re-insured business are, for the purposes of provision made by or under this Part or Schedule 5 to FA 2022, to be allocated to the basic life assurance and general annuity business.

(5) But, subject to subsection (6), no amount referable to the re-insured business is to be included in the determination of the I-E profit of the re-insurer for an accounting period (and accordingly, subject to that subsection, the I-E profit referable to that business for the accounting period will be nil).

(6) Any BLAGAB trade loss relieved for an accounting period (see section 78(5)) that is referable to the re-insured business is to be included (as a deduction in Step 4 in section 76) in determining the adjusted BLAGAB management expenses of the re-insurer for the accounting period (which, accordingly, may result in the I-E profit referable to that business for the accounting period being greater than nil).

(7) Nothing in this section is to be taken to affect the liability of the cedant to corporation tax.

(8) For the purposes of this section “arrangements” includes any agreement, scheme, transaction or understanding (whether or not legally enforceable).

(9) Section 1122 of CTA 2010 (connected persons) has effect for the purposes of this section.”

(2) The amendment made by this section is treated as having come into force on 15 December 2022 and applies to the re-insurance of basic life assurance and general annuity business whenever the arrangements for that re-insurance were made.

(3) Where, on or after 15 December 2022, a re-insurer adopts IFRS 17 in relation to one or more accounting periods that commence before that date, the amendment made by this section has effect, in relation to that re-insurer, for those accounting periods.

(4) In subsection (3) “IFRS 17” means International Financial Reporting Standard 17 (insurance contracts) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

31 Certain re-insurance sums not to count as deemed I-E receipts U.K.

(1) Section 92 of FA 2012 (certain BLAGAB trading receipts to count as deemed I-E receipts) is amended as follows.

(2) In subsection (5)—

(a) after paragraph (a) insert—

“(aa) sums paid to the company under re-insurance arrangements under which the re-insurer assumes substantially all of the insurance risks relating to the business that is re-insured,”, and

(b) in paragraph (b), after “sums” insert “, other than sums falling within paragraph (aa),”.

(3) In subsection (6), in the words before paragraph (a), after “contract” insert “, other than a sum falling within paragraph (aa),”.

(4) The amendments made by this section have effect for accounting periods ending on or after 15 December 2022.

32 Insurers in difficulties: write-down orders for corporation tax purposes U.K.

(1) In Part 3 of CTA 2009 (trading income), after section 130 insert—

“130A Insurers in financial difficulties: write-down orders

(1) A receipt or expense that is attributable to the operation of a write-down order, or to a write-down order ceasing to have effect, is not brought into account in calculating the profits of a trade.

(2) In this section “write-down order” means an order under section 377A of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (court order writing down liabilities of insurer).”

(2) Part 5 of CTA 2009 (loan relationships) is amended as follows.

(3) After section 323A insert—

“323B Insurers in financial difficulties: write-down orders

(1) Subsection (2) applies if a debtor relationship of a company is modified by a write-down order.

(2) The company is not required to bring into account for the purposes of this Part a credit in respect of any change in the carrying value of the liability representing the modified debtor relationship.

(3) If as a result of subsection (2) no credit was brought into account in respect of a change in the carrying value of a liability representing a debtor relationship, the company may not bring into account a debit for the purposes of this Part in respect of a change in the carrying value of that liability, to the extent that the change represents a reversal of the change in carrying value to which subsection (2) applied.

(4) In this section “write-down order” means an order under section 377A of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (court order writing down liabilities of insurer).”

(4) In section 465B (“tax-adjusted carrying value”), in subsection (9), after paragraph (d) insert—

“(da) section 323B (insurers in financial difficulties: write-down orders),”.

33 Insurers in difficulties: write-down orders in case of pension schemes U.K.

(1) In Part 4 of FA 2004 (pension schemes), Schedule 28 (registered pension schemes: authorised pensions - supplementary) is amended as follows.

(2) In paragraph 3 (definition of “lifetime annuity”), in sub-paragraph (2A)—

(a) the words after “by reason of the operation of” become paragraph (a);

(b) at the end of that paragraph insert “, or”;

(c) after that paragraph insert—

“(b) an order under section 377A of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (court order writing down liabilities of insurer).”

(3) In paragraph 17 (definition of “dependants’ annuity”), in sub-paragraph (2)—

(a) the words after “by reason of the operation of” become paragraph (a);

(b) at the end of that paragraph insert “, or”;

(c) after that paragraph insert—

“(b) an order under section 377A of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (court order writing down liabilities of insurer).”

Miscellaneous corporation tax matters U.K.

34 Corporate interest restriction U.K.

Schedule 3 makes provision about corporate interest restriction and the tax treatment of financing costs and income.

35 Investment vehicles U.K.

Schedule 4 makes amendments to—

(a) Schedule 5AAA to TCGA 1992 (UK property rich collective investment vehicles etc),

(b) Part 12 of CTA 2010 (Real Estate Investment Trusts) and the Real Estate Investment Trusts (Assessment and Recovery of Tax) Regulations 2006 (S.I. 2006/2867), and

(c) Schedule 2 to FA 2022 (qualifying asset holding companies).

International matters U.K.

36 Share exchanges involving non-UK incorporated close companies U.K.

(1) TCGA 1992 is amended in accordance with subsections (2) and (3).

(2) After section 138 (exchange of securities and schemes of reconstruction: procedure for clearance in advance) insert—

“138ZA Share exchanges involving non-UK incorporated close companies

(1) Section 138ZB applies where—

(a) section 135 or 136 applies to an issue by a company (“company B”) of shares in or debentures of that company (“the exchanged shares or debentures”) in exchange for or in respect of shares in or debentures of another company (“company A”),

(b) immediately before the issue is made, company A is a close company which is incorporated in the United Kingdom (whether or not it is resident in the United Kingdom),

(c) immediately after the issue is made, company B is a close company which is not incorporated in the United Kingdom (whether or not it is resident in the United Kingdom), and

(d) the person to whom the exchanged shares or debentures are issued (“P”) is an individual who meets the conditions in subsection (2).

(2) Those conditions are that—

(a) immediately before the issue is made, P—

(i) has a material interest in company A, and

(ii) is a participator in company A, and

(b) immediately after the issue is made, P—

(i) has a material interest in company B, and

(ii) is a participator in company B.

(3) A person has a material interest in a company for the purposes of this section if condition A or B is met.

(4) Condition A is that the person, an associate of the person, or the person or an associate of the person together with one or more associates is—

(a) the beneficial owner of, or

(b) directly or indirectly able to control,

more than 5% of the ordinary share capital of the company.

(5) Condition B is that the person, an associate of the person, or the person or an associate of the person together with one or more associates possesses or is entitled to acquire such rights as would—

(a) in the event of the winding up of the company, or

(b) in any other circumstances,

give an entitlement to receive more than 5% of the assets which would then be available for distribution among the participators.

(6) Chapter 2 of Part 10 of CTA 2010 (meaning of “close company” and related terms) applies for the purposes of this section but with the omission of section 442(a) (exclusion of non-UK resident companies).

(7) In relation to a company that has no share capital, this section applies as if—

(a) references to shares in, or debentures of, the company included any interests of the company possessed by members of the company, and

(b) the reference in subsection (4) to the ordinary share capital of the company were to all such interests.

(8) In this section “ordinary share capital” has the meaning it has in the Corporation Tax Acts (see section 1119 of CTA 2010).

138ZB Treatment of securities connected with such exchanges

(1) Where this section applies (see section 138ZA), a security falling within subsection (2) is to be treated for the purposes of this Act as situated in the United Kingdom (whether or not it would otherwise be so treated) if—

(a) it is held by P, other than as a result of a disposal of the security by P’s spouse or civil partner (“S”) to P to which section 58 (no loss or gain on disposals between spouses or civil partners) did not apply, or

(b) is held by S, other than as a result of a disposal of the security by P to S to which that section did not apply.

(2) Those securities are as follows—

(a) the exchanged shares or debentures;

(b) a security of company B acquired by P on or after the day on which the exchanged shares or debentures are issued;

(c) where—

(i) there is a repo (within the meaning of section 263A) in respect of a security, and

(ii) that security falls within any of the paragraphs of this subsection (including this paragraph),

any similar security (see section 263AA(5) and (6)) that P, or a person connected with P, buys back under the repo;

(d) where—

(i) P transfers a security to another person under a stock lending arrangement (within the meaning of section 263B), and

(ii) that security falls within any of the paragraphs of this subsection (including this paragraph),

any security of a similar description (see section 263B(6)) transferred back to P under the arrangement;

(e) a security of a company issued to P where—

(i) the security is issued in exchange for, or in respect of, another security,

(ii) section 135 or 136 applies to that issue,

(iii) the other security falls within any of the paragraphs of this subsection (including this paragraph), and

(iv) P has a material interest in the company (within the meaning of section 138ZA(3));

(f) where a security of a company, other than company B, falls within paragraph (e), a security of that company acquired by P on or after the first day on which a security of that company fell within that paragraph.

(3) For the purposes of paragraphs (b), (f) and (e) of subsection (2), it does not matter whether or not—

(a) consideration was given for the security acquired by P, or

(b) the security acquired by P is of a different class from the exchanged shares or debentures.

(4) If S acquires a security falling within subsection (2) as a result of a disposal by P to which section 58 applies, subsections (2) and (3) have effect, from the time of its acquisition by S (whether or not S continues to hold it), as if every reference to “P” were to “P or S”.

(5) In this section—

• “company B”, “P”, and “the exchanged shares or debentures” are to be construed in accordance with section 138ZA;

• “security” means—

  (a)

  shares in, or debentures of, a company, or

  (b)

  interests of a company that has no share capital that are possessed by members of the company.

138ZC Election to disapply section 135 or 136

(1) This section applies where section 138ZB would, but for an election under this section, apply in relation to the issue by a company of shares in or debentures of that company in exchange for, or in respect of, shares in or debentures of another company.

(2) The person to whom the shares or debentures are issued may elect for section 135 or 136 not to apply to the issue, and accordingly—

(a) the exchange or scheme of reconstruction in question will not be treated as a reorganisation within the meaning of section 126, and

(b) section 138ZB will not apply in relation to the issue.

(3) An election under this section must be made on or before the first anniversary of the 31 January following the tax year in which the shares or debentures are issued.”

(3) In section 288 (interpretation), in the definition of “close company”, at the end insert “(subject to section 138ZA(6))”.

(4) The amendments made by subsections (2) and (3) have effect in relation to an issue of shares or debentures made on or after 17 November 2022.

(5) In section 830 of ITTOIA 2005 (meaning of “relevant foreign income”), after subsection (3) insert—

“(3A) “Relevant foreign income” does not include income paid in respect of a security, within the meaning of section 138ZB of TCGA 1992, if—

(a) the security is treated, for the purposes of that Act, as situated in the United Kingdom as a result of section 138ZB of that Act, and

(b) that section applies in respect of the security as a result of an issue of shares in or debentures of a company in exchange for, or in respect of, shares in or debentures of another company that is incorporated, and is resident, in the United Kingdom.”

(6) The amendment made by subsection (5) is treated as having come into force on 17 November 2022.

37 Records relating to transfer pricing U.K.

Schedule 5 makes provision about the keeping of records for the purposes of Part 4 of TIOPA 2010.

38 Double taxation relief: foreign nominal rates U.K.

(1) No extended time limit claim may be made on or after 20 July 2022 for a credit calculated by reference to a foreign nominal rate of tax unless subsection (2) or (3) applies in relation to the claim.

(2) This subsection applies in relation to an extended time limit claim if the adjustment in the amount of tax payable that gives rise to the claim—

(a) is not calculated by reference to a foreign nominal rate of tax, and

(b) occurred on or after 21 July 2016 but before 20 July 2022.

(3) This subsection applies in relation to an extended time limit claim if the claim relates to an accounting period that ended before 20 July 2022 (“the relevant accounting period”) and as at that date—

(a) an appeal under section 31 of TMA 1970 against an assessment to tax in relation to the relevant accounting period has been brought but has not been finally determined or withdrawn,

(b) an enquiry under paragraph 5 of Schedule 1A to TMA 1970 into a claim in relation to the relevant accounting period could be opened or is in progress,

(c) an appeal against a conclusion stated in respect of such a claim, or an amendment of such a claim, as a result of an enquiry under that paragraph—

(i) could be brought, or

(ii) has been brought but has not been finally determined or withdrawn,

(d) an enquiry under Part 4 of Schedule 18 to FA 1998 into the company tax return for the relevant accounting period could be opened or is in progress, or

(e) an appeal against an amendment of that return as a result of an enquiry under that Part—

(i) could be brought, or

(ii) has been brought but has not been finally determined or withdrawn.

(4) An “extended time limit claim” is a claim under—

(a) section 79 of TIOPA 2010 (extended time limits for certain claims), or

(b) section 806(2) of ICTA (extended time limits for certain claims in relation to accounting periods to which section 79 of TIOPA 2010 does not apply).

Chargeable gains U.K.

39 Payments to farmers under the lump sum exit scheme etc U.K.

(1) An amount paid to a person (“P”) under the lump sum exit scheme is—

(a) in a case where P satisfied the eligibility conditions when the payment was made, to be treated as an amount of capital nature that is treated as a chargeable gain accruing to P on the disposal of an asset for the purposes of TCGA 1992;

(b) in a case where P did not satisfy the eligibility conditions when the payment was made, to be treated as an amount of a revenue nature.

(2) Where—

(a) a person (“P”) makes an application for a lump sum under the lump sum exit scheme,

(b) P satisfies the eligibility conditions at any time during the interim period, and

(c) during the interim period, an amount is paid to P under the basic payment scheme,

the amount is to be treated as an amount of capital nature that is treated as a chargeable gain accruing to P on the disposal of an asset for the purposes of TCGA 1992.

(3) Where—

(a) a person (“P”) makes an application for a lump sum under the lump sum exit scheme,

(b) P does not satisfy the eligibility conditions at any time during the interim period, and

(c) during the interim period, an amount is paid to P under the basic payment scheme,

the amount is to be treated as an amount of a revenue nature.

(4) For the purposes of this section—

• the “lump sum exit scheme” means the Agriculture (Lump Sum Payment) (England) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/390);

• the “basic payment scheme” means Regulation (EU) No 1307/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 establishing rules for direct payments to farmers under support schemes within the framework of the common agricultural policy and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 637/2008 and Council Regulation (EC) No 73/2009;

• “eligibility conditions” means the conditions in regulation 5 of the lump sum exit scheme;

• the “interim period”, in relation to P, means the period—

  (a)

  beginning with the day on which the lump sum exit scheme came into force (see regulation 1(1) of that scheme), and

  (b)

  ending with the scheme end date;

• the “scheme end date” has the same meaning as in the lump sum exit scheme (see regulation 2(1) of that scheme).

(5) This section has effect in relation to amounts whether paid before or after the coming into force of this Act.

40 Contracts completed after ordinary notification period U.K.

(1) In TCGA 1992, after section 28 (time of disposal and acquisition where asset disposed of under contract) insert—

“28A Contracts completed after ordinary notification period

(1) This section applies in relation to chargeable gains or allowable losses accruing on the disposal and acquisition of an asset under a contract where the asset is conveyed or transferred after the ordinary notification period relating to the chargeable period in which the asset was disposed of and acquired in accordance with section 28.

(2) The following references are to be read as references to the chargeable period in which the conveyance or transfer takes place—

(a) the references in section 7(1C) of the Management Act (income tax and capital gains tax: period for giving notice of chargeability) to the year of assessment;

(b) the references in sections 34(1) and 36(1) and (1A) of the Management Act (income tax and capital gains tax: time limits for assessments) to the year of assessment to which an assessment relates;

(c) the reference in section 43(1) of the Management Act (income tax and capital gains tax: time limit for making claims) to the year of assessment to which a claim relates;

(d) the reference in paragraph 2(2) of Schedule 18 to the Finance Act 1998 (corporation tax: period for giving notice of chargeability) to the accounting period;

(e) the references in paragraph 46(1), (2) and (2A) of Schedule 18 to the Finance Act 1998 (corporation tax: time limits for assessments) to the accounting period to which an assessment relates;

(f) the reference in paragraph 55 of Schedule 18 to the Finance Act 1998 (general time limit for making claims) to the accounting period to which a claim for relief relates.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (1), the “ordinary notification period” relating to a chargeable period is—

(a) in the case of capital gains tax, the period of 6 months from the end of the chargeable period, and

(b) in the case of corporation tax, the period of 12 months from the end of the chargeable period.

(4) Where a claim, election, application or notice is made, given, revoked or varied by virtue of this section, all such adjustments shall be made, whether by way of discharge or repayment of tax or the making of amendments, assessments or otherwise, as are required to take account of the effect of the taking of that action on any person’s liability to tax for any chargeable period.”

(2) The amendment made by subsection (1) has effect—

(a) for the purposes of corporation tax, in relation to any disposal and acquisition of an asset under a contract that is entered into on or after 1 April 2023, and

(b) for all other purposes, in relation to any disposal and acquisition of an asset under a contract that is entered into on or after 6 April 2023.

41 Separated spouses and civil partners U.K.

(1) TCGA 1992 is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (5).

(2) In Part 3 (individuals, partnerships, trusts and collective investment schemes), in Chapter 1 (miscellaneous provisions), in section 58 (spouses and civil partnerships), for subsection (1) substitute—

“(1A) If an individual (“A”) disposes of an asset to another individual (“B”) in circumstances where any of subsections (1B) to (1D) applies, A and B are to be treated as if B acquired the asset from A for a consideration of such amount as would secure that on the disposal neither a gain nor a loss would accrue to A.

(1B) This subsection applies where the disposal is made while A and B—

(a) are married to, or are civil partners of, each other, and

(b) are living together.

(1C) This subsection applies where the disposal is made—

(a) while A and B are married to, or are civil partners of, each other,

(b) at a time when A and B have ceased to live together, and

(c) on or before the earlier of—

(i) the last day of the third tax year after the tax year in which A and B ceased to live together, or

(ii) the day on which a court grants an order or decree for A and B’s divorce, the annulment of their marriage, the dissolution or annulment of their civil partnership, their judicial separation or, as the case may be, their separation in accordance with a separation order.

(1D) This subsection applies where—

(a) A and B have ceased to be, or are in the process of ceasing to be, married to, or civil partners of, each other, and

(b) the disposal of the asset is in accordance with an agreement or order within subsection (2)(a) or (b) of section 225B (disposals in connection with divorce etc), but as if, in subsection (2)(a), after “partner” there were inserted “, or former spouse or civil partner,”.”

(3) In section 225B (disposals in connection with divorce etc)—

(a) in subsection (1)(b), after “to” insert “someone other than”;

(b) in subsection (3), after “disposal to” insert “someone other than”.

(4) After section 225B insert—

“225BA Deferred payments on disposals in connection with divorce etc

(1) This section applies where—

(a) an individual (“A”) ceases to live with A’s spouse or civil partner (“B”) in a dwelling-house or part of a dwelling-house,

(b) immediately before A ceases to live with B, the dwelling-house or part is A’s only or main residence,

(c) A disposes of, or of an interest in, that dwelling-house or part to B (“the initial disposal”), and

(d) the initial disposal is in accordance with a deferred sale agreement or order.

(2) If—

(a) in accordance with the deferred sale agreement or order A receives a sum in respect of a share of any profit made by B upon B’s disposal of, or of an interest in, the dwelling-house or part, and

(b) the receipt of that sum would be treated (apart from this section) as a disposal falling with section 22 (disposal where capital sums derived from assets),

that receipt is to be treated for the purposes of this Act as a gain attributable to the initial disposal but accruing to A at the time the sum is received.

(3) In this section, a “deferred sale agreement or order” is an agreement or order of a court which—

(a) is within paragraph (a) or (b), as the case may be, of section 225B(2) (agreements and orders of the court in relation to divorce etc), and

(b) includes a term entitling A to receive a share of any profit made by B as mentioned in subsection (2)(a).”

(5) In Part 8 (supplemental), in section 288 (interpretation), in subsection (3), after “partner” insert “(however expressed)”.

(6) The amendments made by this section apply in relation to disposals made on or after 6 April 2023.

42 Carried interest: election to pay tax as scheme profits arise U.K.

(1) TCGA 1992 is amended as follows.

(2) After section 103KF insert—

“103KFA Election for carried interest gains to be chargeable as scheme profits arise

(1) An individual (“A”) may make an election under this section in respect of an investment scheme (“the relevant scheme”) if—

(a) section 103KA applies in relation to A and the relevant scheme, or

(b) it is reasonable to expect that it will apply in relation to A and the relevant scheme.

(2) Subsection (3) applies for a tax year (“the relevant tax year”) where an election made under this section has effect for that tax year.

(3) A chargeable gain is deemed to arise to A in the relevant tax year and is to be treated as accruing to A immediately before the end of the relevant tax year.

(4) The amount of the gain is the amount given by reducing—

(a) the amount of carried interest that would arise to A in the relevant tax year in the circumstances mentioned in subsection (5), by

(b) the sum of chargeable gains deemed to arise to A under this section in respect of the relevant scheme in previous tax years.

(5) Those circumstances are that—

(a) all of the investments held by the relevant scheme in the relevant tax year, and previously held by the scheme, whose disposal would be relevant to A’s entitlement to carried interest, were disposed of in the relevant tax year,

(b) the amount realised on the disposal of each investment that was not actually disposed of in, or before, the relevant tax year were the amount of the costs to the relevant scheme in acquiring that investment,

(c) all income that was received by the scheme (whether before or during the relevant tax year) and that would be relevant to A’s entitlement to carried interest, were received in the relevant tax year, and

(d) all profits realised by the scheme as a result of those disposals and the receipt of that income were distributed to its investors in the relevant tax year.

(6) Where—

(a) distributions were made by the scheme to external investors before the relevant tax year, and

(b) the timing of those distributions affects the amount of carried interest that actually arises to A,

the amount of carried interest to be presumed to arise in the circumstances mentioned in subsection (5) is to reflect the fact those distributions were made before the relevant tax year.

(7) But if reflecting that fact would lead to a presumption that an amount of carried interest had arisen before the relevant tax year, any such amount is to be presumed to arise in the relevant tax year.

(8) A chargeable gain treated as accruing to an individual under subsection (3) is a chargeable gain accruing on the disposal of an asset situated outside the United Kingdom only to the extent that the individual performs investment management services in respect of the relevant scheme outside the United Kingdom.

(9) An election under this section—

(a) must be made by notice given to an officer of Revenue and Customs, and

(b) may not be revoked.

(10) A notice making an election—

(a) must state the first tax year for which it is to have effect, and

(b) may not be given after 31 January following the end of that tax year.

103KFB Election in relation to scheme to apply to associated schemes

(1) Where an election has been made under section 103KFA in relation to an investment scheme (“S”) that is associated with another investment scheme, the election applies in respect of the other scheme (whether or not the conditions for an election to be made in respect of the other scheme were met at that time).

(2) “Associated”, in relation to two or more investments schemes, is to be construed in accordance with section 809FZZ of ITA 2007.

103KFC Interaction with other charges

(1) The accrual of a chargeable gain treated as accruing to an individual under section 103KFA(3) does not prevent the individual or any other person being charged to tax (whether income tax, capital gains tax or any other tax, and including as a result of section 103KA) in relation to carried interest that arises to the individual under arrangements with the relevant scheme.

(2) But subsection (3) applies where an individual—

(a) has made an election under section 103KFA,

(b) has accrued a chargeable gain treated as accruing under section 103KFA(3),

(c) has paid (and has not been repaid) an amount of capital gains tax that is attributable to that chargeable gain, and

(d) is charged to tax (whether income tax, capital gains tax or another tax) in relation to carried interest that—

(i) arises to the individual under arrangements with the relevant scheme, and

(ii) arises in or after the tax year in which a gain first accrued under that section.

(3) The individual may make a claim for one or more consequential adjustments to be made reducing the tax mentioned in subsection (2)(d).

(4) On a claim under subsection (3) an officer of Revenue and Customs must make such of the consequential adjustments claimed (if any) as are just and reasonable.

(5) The value of any consequential adjustments made must not exceed the lesser of—

(a) the amount of capital gains tax paid as mentioned in subsection (2)(c), and

(b) the tax charged as mentioned in subsection (2)(d).

(6) Consequential adjustments may be made—

(a) in respect of any period, and

(b) by way of an assessment, the modification of an assessment, the amendment of a claim, or otherwise.

(7) No claim may be made under section 103KE (carried interest: avoidance of double taxation) in respect of tax charged as a result of the accrual of a chargeable gain treated as accruing to an individual under section 103KFA(3).

103KFD Deemed accrual of loss where carried interest never arises

(1) Subsection (3) applies where—

(a) an individual has made an election under section 103KFA,

(b) the individual has accrued a chargeable gain treated as accruing under section 103KFA(3), and

(c) the conditions in subsection (2) are met.

(2) Those conditions are that—

(a) all, or substantially all, of the investments of the relevant scheme have been disposed of,

(b) the amount of carried interest that has arisen to the individual in respect of the relevant scheme since the beginning of the first tax year in which a gain is treated as accruing under section 103KFA(3) is less than the sum of chargeable gains treated as accruing to the individual under that section, and

(c) no further amount of carried interest can reasonably be expected to arise to the individual under arrangements with the relevant scheme.

(3) The individual is to be treated as accruing a loss immediately before the end of the tax year in which the conditions in subsection (2) are first met.

(4) The amount of that loss is the amount given by subtracting—

(a) the amount of carried interest that arose to the individual in respect of the relevant scheme since the beginning of the first tax year in which a gain is treated as accruing under section 103KFA(3), from

(b) the sum of the chargeable gains that have accrued under section 103KFA(3) (including any gain that accrues in respect of the tax year in which the loss accrues).

(5) Where a loss has accrued to an individual as a result of subsection (3)—

(a) section 103KFA(3) does not apply (in relation to the individual and the relevant scheme) for any tax year after the tax year in which the loss accrued, and

(b) if carried interest arises to the individual in respect of the relevant scheme after the loss accrued, the individual may not make a claim under section 103KFC(3) in respect of tax charged in relation to it.

103KFE Anti-avoidance

(1) This section applies where an election was made by an individual under section 103KFA and the main purpose, or one of the main purposes, of making the election is to cause a loss to be treated as accruing to the individual under subsection (3) of section 103KFD.

(2) Any such loss that would (in the absence of this section) accrue to the individual under that subsection is to be counteracted by the making of such adjustments as are just and reasonable.

(3) Any adjustments required to be made under this section (whether or not by an officer of Revenue and Customs) may be made by way of—

(a) an assessment,

(b) the modification of an assessment, or

(c) amendment or disallowance of a claim, or otherwise.”

(3) In section 1H (the main rates of CGT), in subsection (9)—

(a) omit the “or” at the end of paragraph (a), and

(b) after that paragraph insert—

“(aa) under section 103KFA(3) (gains on deemed carried interest where election made), or”.

(4) The amendments made by this section have effect for the tax year 2022-23 and subsequent tax years.

43 Relief on disposal of joint interests in land U.K.

(1) In section 248A of TCGA 1992 (roll-over relief on disposal of joint interests in land: conditions), at end insert—

“(8) Section 248B applies in relation to cases where, immediately before the disposal, the land is held by a partnership comprising the landowner and the co-owner or co-owners (whether the partnership is formed in Scotland or elsewhere) as it applies in relation to other cases (and the partners are regarded as the landowner and the co-owner or co-owners for the purposes of this section and section 248B).”

(2) In section 248E of TCGA 1992 (relief on disposal of joint interests in private residence), at end insert—

“(9) This section applies in relation to cases where, immediately before the disposal, the land is held by a partnership comprising the landowner and the co-owner or co-owners (whether the partnership is formed in Scotland or elsewhere) as it applies in relation to other cases (and the partners are regarded as the landowner and the co-owner or co-owners for the purposes of this section).”

(3) The amendments made by this section have effect in relation to disposals made on or after 6 April 2023.

Part 2 U.K. Alcohol Duty

Chapter 1 U.K. Charge to alcohol duty

Alcoholic products U.K.

44 Meaning of “alcoholic product” U.K.

(1) In this Part, “alcoholic product” means any of the following—

(a) spirits,

(b) beer,

(c) cider,

(d) wine, and

(e) any other fermented product.

(2) But a product listed in subsection (1) is not an alcoholic product if it is of an alcoholic strength of 1.2% or less.

(3) Schedule 6 defines each category of alcoholic product (and makes further provision in connection with the definitions).

Commencement Information

I1 S. 44 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I2 S. 44 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

45 Alcoholic strength U.K.

(1) The “alcoholic strength” of an alcoholic product is the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of—

(a) the volume of the alcohol contained in the product, to

(b) the volume of the product (inclusive of the alcohol contained in it).

(2) The alcoholic strength of any alcoholic product is to be determined by reference to the product as at 20°C.

(3) The Commissioners may by regulations make provision about the means of ascertaining the alcoholic strength, weight or volume of any alcoholic product or other substance (including products or substances that are not in liquid form at 20°C) for the purposes of this Part.

(4) Regulations under subsection (3) may, in particular, include provision for ascertaining the alcoholic strength, weight or volume of anything contained in a bottle or container by reference to information given on the bottle or container or in documents relating to it.

(5) In this Part, “alcohol” means ethanol.

Commencement Information

I3 S. 45 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

I4 S. 45 in force at 1.8.2023 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

46 Categories of alcoholic products: regulations U.K.

The Treasury may by regulations—

(a) amend Schedule 6;

(b) provide that a beverage of an alcoholic strength exceeding 1.2%, of a description specified by or under the regulations, is to be treated as being an alcoholic product of a particular category listed in section 44 (whether or not it would otherwise fall within another category listed in that section).

Commencement Information

I5 S. 46 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

I6 S. 46 in force at 1.8.2023 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

Charge and rates U.K.

47 Alcohol duty: charge U.K.

(1) An excise duty (“alcohol duty”) is charged on alcoholic products that are produced in, or imported into, the United Kingdom.

(2) But subsection (1) is subject to the exemptions in Chapters 4 and 6.

Commencement Information

I7 S. 47 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I8 S. 47 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

48 Rates U.K.

(1) Alcohol duty is charged at the rates shown in Schedule 7.

(2) But subsection (1) is subject to—

(a) section 50 (draught relief), and

(b) section 54 (small producer relief).

Commencement Information

I9 S. 48 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I10 S. 48 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

49 Excise duty point and payment U.K.

(1) Alcohol duty is to be paid, and the amount chargeable is to be determined and become due, in accordance with provision made by or under—

(a) section 88;

(b) section 1 of F(No. 2)A 1992.

(2) In this Part, “excise duty point” has the meaning given by section 1 of F(No. 2)A 1992.

Commencement Information

I11 S. 49 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I12 S. 49 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

Chapter 2 U.K. Draught relief

50 Qualifying draught products: reduced rates U.K.

(1) Alcohol duty is charged on qualifying draught products at the reduced rates shown in Schedule 8 (instead of at the rates shown in Schedule 7 (the “full rates”)).

(2) But a person liable to pay alcohol duty on qualifying draught products may, for the purposes of section 52(2), elect for duty to be charged at the full rates.

Commencement Information

I13 S. 50 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I14 S. 50 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

51 Alcoholic products qualifying for draught relief U.K.

(1) “Qualifying draught products” means alcoholic products that—

(a) are of an alcoholic strength of less than 8.5%, and

(b) at the excise duty point are contained in, or are being transported to a place in the United Kingdom for the purpose of being transferred to, a large draught container.

(2) But alcoholic products that are produced in the United Kingdom by a person otherwise than in accordance with an approval under section 82 are not qualifying draught products.

(3) A “large draught container” means a container which—

(a) is of a capacity of at least 20 litres, and

(b) incorporates, or is designed to connect to, a qualifying system for dispensing individual drinks.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (3)(b), “qualifying system” means—

(a) a pressurised gas delivery system, or

(b) a pump delivery system.

(5) The Commissioners may by regulations—

(a) amend subsection (3)(a) so as to specify a different capacity;

(b) amend subsection (4) so as to add or remove, or to vary the description of, a qualifying system.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1 S. 51(2) modified (31.7.2023) by The Finance (No. 2) Act 2023, Part 2 (Alcohol Duty) (Appointed Day, Savings, Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Regulations 2023 (S.I. 2023/884), reg. 6

Commencement Information

I15 S. 51 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

I16 S. 51 in force at 1.8.2023 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

52 Repackaging qualifying draught products U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this section, qualifying draught products are “repackaged” if—

(a) they are transferred to containers that are not large draught containers, but

(b) are not transferred in the course of serving a beverage for immediate consumption.

(2) A person may not repackage qualifying draught products on any premises in the United Kingdom unless—

(a) the repackaging is authorised, or

(b) alcohol duty was charged on the products at the full rates, in accordance with an election under section 50(2).

(3) Repackaging is “authorised” if it is carried out by a person who is—

(a) approved and registered under section 100G of CEMA 1979 by virtue of regulation 3 of the Warehousekeepers and Owners of Warehoused Goods Regulations 1999 (S.I. 1999/1278), or

(b) approved under section 82 (producers of alcoholic products).

(4) Where the repackaging of qualifying draught products is authorised, an amount equal to the duty shortfall is treated, for the purposes of this Part, as an amount of alcohol duty charged on the repackaged products.

(5) In this section and in section 53, the “duty shortfall” in relation to repackaged qualifying draught products is the difference between—

(a) the alcohol duty payable on the alcoholic products under section 50(1) (draught products: reduced rates), and

(b) the alcohol duty that would have been payable on the alcoholic products under section 48 (rates) if they had not, at the excise duty point, been qualifying draught products.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (2), the Commissioners may by regulations require a person to provide, on the supply to another person of qualifying draught products in respect of which an election under section 50(2) has been made, information or documents, of a description specified by or under the regulations, as evidence that duty has been charged at the full rates.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C2 S. 52(3)(b) modified (31.7.2023) by The Finance (No. 2) Act 2023, Part 2 (Alcohol Duty) (Appointed Day, Savings, Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Regulations 2023 (S.I. 2023/884), reg. 6

Commencement Information

I17 S. 52 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

I18 S. 52 in force at 1.8.2023 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

53 Repackaging in contravention of section 52 (2) U.K.

(1) This section applies if a person repackages qualifying draught products in contravention of section 52(2).

(2) The Commissioners may—

(a) assess as alcohol duty due from the person mentioned in subsection (1) an amount equal to the duty shortfall, and

(b) notify that person or that person’s representative of any assessment under paragraph (a).

(3) The conduct mentioned in subsection (1) attracts a penalty under section 9 of FA 1994, calculated by reference to the amount of duty referred to in section 52(5)(b).

(4) Any alcoholic products, articles (including packaging or equipment) or substances in the person's possession, used (or which may be used) for or in connection with the repackaging, are liable to forfeiture.

Commencement Information

I19 S. 53 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. s. 120(2)

I20 S. 53 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

Chapter 3 U.K. Small producer relief

Main provisions U.K.

54 Small producer relief: discounted rates U.K.

(1) Alcohol duty is charged at the discounted rate on small producer alcoholic products produced in a particular production year (the “current year”).

(2) The discounted rate, in relation to small producer alcoholic products, is equal to—

(a) the standard rate, less

(b) the duty discount for those products (determined in accordance with section 59 and Schedule 9).

(3) In subsection (2)(a), the “standard rate”, in relation to alcoholic products, means—

(a) the rate shown for products of that kind in Schedule 7, or

(b) if Schedule 8 applies (and no election has been made under section 50(2)) in relation to the products) the rate shown for products of that kind in that Schedule.

(4) For the purposes of this Chapter—

(a) a “production year” is a period of 12 months beginning with 1 February;

(b) the “previous year”, in relation to alcoholic products, is the production year immediately preceding the current year in relation to those products.

Commencement Information

I21 S. 54 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I22 S. 54 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

55 Small producer alcoholic products U.K.

(1) “Small producer alcoholic products” are alcoholic products that—

(a) are of an alcoholic strength of less than 8.5%,

(b) are produced on premises that are small production premises,

(c) are not produced under licence, and

(d) meet such other conditions (if any) as are specified by regulations made by the Commissioners.

(2) Subsection (1) is subject to section 58 (exclusions).

Commencement Information

I23 S. 55 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

I24 S. 55 in force at 1.8.2023 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

56 Small production premises U.K.

(1) Production premises are “small production premises” in the current year in relation to alcoholic products if—

(a) the production limit condition is met, and

(b) the unlicensed product condition is met.

(2) The “production limit condition” is met in relation to non-group premises if, in relation to those premises, neither of the following amounts exceeds the small production limit—

(a) the alcohol production amount for the previous year;

(b) the estimated alcohol production amount for the current year,

(3) The “production limit condition” is met in relation to group premises if neither of the following amounts exceeds the small production limit—

(a) the aggregate of the alcohol production amount, in relation to every set of premises in the production group, for the previous year;

(b) the aggregate of the estimated alcohol production amount, in relation to every set of premises in the production group, for the current year.

(4) The “small production limit” is 4500 hectolitres.

(5) The “unlicensed product condition” is met—

(a) in relation to non-group premises if the condition in subsection (6) is met in relation to those premises;

(b) in relation to group premises if the condition in subsection (6) is met in relation to every set of premises in the production group.

(6) The condition is that—

(a) less than half of the alcohol production amount (if any), in relation to the premises, for the previous year was contained in alcoholic products produced under licence, and

(b) the producer reasonably estimates that less than half of the alcohol production amount, in relation to the premises, for the current year will be contained in alcoholic products produced under licence.

Commencement Information

I25 S. 56 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I26 S. 56 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

57 “Alcohol production amount” etc U.K.

(1) In relation to production premises—

(a) the “alcohol production amount” for a production year is the total amount of alcohol contained in alcoholic products produced on those premises in that year, and

(b) the “estimated alcohol production amount” for a production year is the producer’s reasonable estimate of the alcohol production amount for those premises in that year.

(2) Subsection (1) is subject to subsections (3) to (6).

(3) The reference in subsection (1) to the alcoholic products produced on a set of premises does not include a reference to any alcoholic products that are—

(a) spoilt or destroyed before the excise duty point, or

(b) produced in the course of producing a different alcoholic product on those premises or on any set of connected premises.

(4) Subsection (5) applies where premises are in use for the purposes of the production of alcoholic products for part only (the “relevant part”) of a production year (including where premises begin to be used for those purposes part-way through a production year).

(5) The alcohol production amount or (as the case may be) the estimated alcohol production amount is treated, for the purposes of this Part, as being the amount given by—

(a) dividing the actual alcohol production amount, or (as the case may be) the estimate of that amount, by the number of days in the relevant part of the production year, and

(b) multiplying the amount given by paragraph (a) by the number of days in the production year.

(6) The Commissioners may, if satisfied that the circumstances are exceptional, agree with a producer that certain alcoholic products, or a certain quantity of alcoholic products, may be disregarded for the purposes of determining—

(a) the alcohol production amount, or

(b) the estimated alcohol production amount,

in relation to production premises for any production year.

Commencement Information

I27 S. 57 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I28 S. 57 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

58 Exclusions U.K.

Alcoholic products produced on any premises are not “small producer alcoholic products” if—

(a) they are exempt from duty under any of sections 72, 76 or 77,

(b) they are produced in the United Kingdom by a person otherwise than in accordance with an approval under section 82,

(c) at the time they are produced, the alcohol production amount attributable to the premises (in the case of non-group premises) or the production group (in the case of group premises) for the current year has exceeded the small production limit, or

(d) they are produced—

(i) in the case of non-group premises, before the producer has estimated (for the purposes of section 57) the alcohol production amount attributable to the premises for the current year, or

(ii) in the case of group premises, before the producer in relation to those premises or any connected premises has estimated (for the purposes of section 57) the alcohol production amount attributable to those premises or any connected premises for that year.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C3 S. 58(b) modified (31.7.2023) by The Finance (No. 2) Act 2023, Part 2 (Alcohol Duty) (Appointed Day, Savings, Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Regulations 2023 (S.I. 2023/884), reg. 6

Commencement Information

I29 S. 58 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I30 S. 58 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

59 Duty discount for small producer alcoholic products U.K.

(1) The duty discount, in relation to small producer alcoholic products in a discount band, is the amount (in £ per litre of alcohol) given by the formula in subsection (2) and rounded up to the nearest penny.

(2) The formula is—

where—

• C is the cumulative discount for the discount band (in £);

• M is the marginal discount for the discount band (in £);

• A is the relevant production amount (in hectolitres);

• S is the start threshold for the discount band (in hectolitres).

(3) Where the alcoholic products are produced on non-group premises, the “relevant production amount” is—

(a) the alcohol production amount, in relation to those premises, for the previous year, or

(b) if that amount would be nil, the estimated alcohol production amount in relation to those premises for the current year.

(4) Where the alcoholic products are produced on group premises, the “relevant production amount” is —

(a) the aggregate of the alcohol production amount for the previous year, in relation to every set of premises in the production group on which alcoholic products were produced in that year, or

(b) if there are no premises in the production group on which alcoholic products were produced in the previous year, the aggregate of the estimated alcoholic production amount, in relation to every set of premises in the production group, for the current year.

(5) Small producer alcoholic products are in a particular discount band if the relevant production amount in relation to those products—

(a) exceeds the start threshold for that band, but

(b) does not exceed the end threshold for that band.

(6) The start and end thresholds, cumulative discount and marginal discount for a discount band are the figures shown—

(a) in relation to alcoholic products (other than qualifying draught products referred to in paragraph (b)) of a particular description, in the tables in Part 1 of Schedule 9, and

(b) in relation to qualifying draught products (in respect of which no election has been made under section 50(2)) of a particular description, in the tables in Part 2 of Schedule 9.

Commencement Information

I31 S. 59 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I32 S. 59 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

60 Assessments where incorrectly low rate of alcohol duty applied U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) alcohol duty is charged on alcoholic products,

(b) it appears at the excise duty point that the alcoholic products are small producer alcoholic products, and

(c) it turns out that the alcoholic products were not small producer alcoholic products (including where circumstances were not as they appeared at the excise duty point or where circumstances subsequently changed).

(2) This section also applies if—

(a) alcohol duty is charged on small producer alcoholic products, and

(b) the discounted rate that at the excise duty point appeared to be the correct rate turns out to be lower than the correct rate (including where circumstances were not as they appeared at the excise duty point or where circumstances subsequently changed).

(3) The Commissioners—

(a) may assess as being alcohol duty due from the liable person an amount equal to the duty shortfall, and

(b) must notify that person or that person’s representative of any assessment under paragraph (a).

(4) In this section “duty shortfall” means the difference between—

(a) the actual amount of alcohol duty chargeable on the alcoholic products, and

(b) the lower amount that, at the excise duty point, appeared to be the amount chargeable.

(5) The reference in subsection (3) to the “liable person” is a reference to the person liable to pay the alcohol duty on the alcoholic products.

Commencement Information

I33 S. 60 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I34 S. 60 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

Mergers and demergers U.K.

61 Mergers: general provisions U.K.

(1) This section and sections 62 to 67 apply where a small producer (“SP1”) becomes connected with another small producer (“SP2”).

(2) “Post-merger production group” means the production group that consists of—

(a) every set of premises on which SP1 or SP2 produces alcoholic products, and

(b) every set of connected premises,

and references to “post-merger production group premises” are to premises within paragraph (a) or (b).

(3) In relation to the post-merger production group—

(a) “Year 1” means the production year in which SP1 and SP2 become connected with one another,

(b) “Year 2” means the production year immediately following Year 1,

(c) “Year 3” means the production year immediately following Year 2, and

(d) the “pre-merger year” means the production year immediately preceding Year 1.

(4) Each of Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3 is a “merger transition year” in relation to the post-merger production group, unless any of the following apply—

(a) section 65 (early termination of merger transition period),

(b) section 66 (subsequent mergers), or

(c) section 68(8) (demergers in a merger transition year).

Commencement Information

I35 S. 61 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I36 S. 61 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

62 Modified “small production premises” test U.K.

(1) This section (instead of section 56) applies in relation to a post-merger production group in a merger transition year.

(2) Post-merger production group premises are “small production premises” in the current year in relation to alcoholic products if—

(a) the adjusted post-merger amount, determined in accordance with section 64 does not exceed the small production limit (within the meaning of section 56(4)), and

(b) in relation to each set of post-merger production group premises, less than half of the alcohol production amount (if any), in relation to those premises, for the previous year was contained in alcoholic products produced under licence.

Commencement Information

I37 S. 62 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I38 S. 62 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

63 Modified duty discount U.K.

(1) This section applies in relation to alcoholic products that are produced—

(a) on post-merger production group premises, and

(b) in a merger transition year.

(2) For the purposes of section 59, references to the “relevant production amount” are references to the adjusted post-merger amount (and subsections (3) and (4) of that section do not apply).

(3) Section 58(c) does not apply for the purposes of the application of section 55 or 59 in a merger transition year.

Commencement Information

I39 S. 63 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I40 S. 63 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

64 Adjusted post-merger amount U.K.

(1) In Year 1, the adjusted post-merger amount is the alcohol production amount in relation to the larger producer’s premises for the pre-merger year, determined in accordance with section 57 (and the alcohol production amount attributable to the smaller producer for the pre-merger year is disregarded).

(2) In Year 2, the adjusted post-merger amount is the total of—

(a) the adjusted post-merger amount in Year 1, and

(b) one-third of the production difference for Year 2.

(3) In Year 3, the adjusted post-merger amount is the total of—

(a) the adjusted post-merger amount in Year 1, and

(b) two-thirds of the production difference for Year 3.

(4) The amount of the “production difference” for a merger transition year is the difference between—

(a) the aggregate of the alcohol production amount, in relation to every set of post-merger production group premises, for the previous year (determined in accordance with section 57), and

(b) the adjusted post-merger amount in Year 1.

(5) If the alcohol production amount attributable to SP1’s premises for the pre-merger year is greater than the alcohol production amount attributable to SP2’s premises for that year—

(a) SP1 is the “larger producer”, and

(b) SP2 is the “smaller producer”,

and vice versa.

(6) If the amount mentioned in subsection (5) is equal in relation to both SP1’s premises and SP2’s premises, either SP1 or SP2 may be treated as the “larger producer” for the purposes of this section.

(7) In subsections (1), (5) and (6), references to a person’s premises are references to—

(a) the premises on which the person produces alcoholic products immediately before becoming connected with the other person mentioned in section 61(1), if those premises are (at that time) non-group premises, or

(b) if those premises are group premises, the production group which, at that time, includes those premises (and the reference in subsection (1) to the alcohol production amount in relation to those premises is a reference to the aggregate of the alcohol production amount in relation to those premises and every set of connected premises).

Commencement Information

I41 S. 64 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I42 S. 64 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

65 Early termination of merger transition period U.K.

(1) This section applies in relation to a post-merger production group if, in a relevant year, Amount A is less than Amount B.

(2) “Amount A” is the aggregate of the alcohol production amount, in relation to every set of premises in the group, for the production year immediately preceding the relevant year (determined in accordance with section 57).

(3) “Amount B” is the adjusted post-merger amount in the relevant year.

(4) Neither the relevant year, nor any subsequent production year, is a merger transition year in relation to the group.

(5) Each of Year 1, 2 and 3 is a “relevant year” for the purposes of this section.

Commencement Information

I43 S. 65 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I44 S. 65 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

66 Subsequent mergers U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) a person who produces alcoholic products on group premises which are included in a post-merger production group (the “first post-merger group”) becomes connected with another person who produces alcoholic products (that are not exempt from duty under any of sections 72, 76 or 77), and

(b) the producers mentioned in paragraph (a) become connected with one another in Year 1, 2 or 3 in relation to the first post-merger group.

(2) Neither the production year in which the producers mentioned in subsection (1)(a) become connected with one another, nor any subsequent year, is a merger transition year in relation to the first post-merger group.

(3) But subsection (2) does not prevent the application of sections 61 to 67 in relation to the post-merger production group that includes both of the producers mentioned in subsection (1)(a).

Commencement Information

I45 S. 66 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I46 S. 66 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

67 Simultaneous mergers U.K.

(1) Subsections (2) to (4) apply if, at the same time as SP1 becomes connected with SP2, SP1 also becomes connected with one or more other small producers (who are not already connected with one another).

(2) References in sections 61 and 64 to SP2 include references to the other small producers becoming connected with SP1.

(3) For the purposes of section 64—

(a) the “larger producer” is the producer with a greater alcohol production amount attributable to the producer’s premises for the pre-merger year than any of the other producers mentioned in subsection (1), and

(b) each of the other producers is a “smaller producer”,

(and this subsection applies instead of section 64(5)).

(4) If the amount mentioned in subsection (3)(a) is equal in relation to any two or more of the producers mentioned in subsection (1), any one of them may be treated as the “larger producer” for the purposes of section 64.

Commencement Information

I47 S. 67 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I48 S. 67 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

68 Demergers U.K.

(1) This section applies if a demerger event occurs in relation to a production group.

(2) A “demerger event” occurs, in relation to a production group, if a group producer (the “demerging producer”) ceases to be connected with at least one other group producer.

(3) A “group producer” in relation to a production group means a person who produces alcoholic products on premises that are (immediately before the demerger event) included in the production group.

(4) For the purposes of the application of sections 56 and 59 in relation to the demerger year, the alcohol production amount for the immediately preceding production year, in relation to production premises that were (immediately before the demerger event) included in the group, is treated as being nil.

(5) If, before the end of the restricted period, the demerging producer becomes connected again with another group producer, none of sections 61 to 67 apply by reference to that connection.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5), the “restricted period” is the period of 7 years beginning with the date on which the demerger event occurs.

(7) Subsection (8) applies if the demerger event occurs in Year 1, 2 or 3 in relation to a post-merger production group (the “relevant group”).

(8) Neither the production year in which the event occurs, nor any subsequent year, is a merger transition year in relation to the relevant group.

(9) References in this section to the “demerger year” are references to the production year in which the demerger event occurs.

Commencement Information

I49 S. 68 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I50 S. 68 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

Interpretation of Chapter 3 U.K.

69 “Producer”, “production premises”, “group premises” etc U.K.

(1) This section applies for the purposes of this Chapter.

(2) “Production premises” means premises (whether or not in the United Kingdom) on which alcoholic products are produced.

(3) Production premises are “group premises” at a time in a production year (the “reference time”) if—

(a) a person (“P”) who produces alcoholic products on the premises at the reference time or at any earlier time in that year, or

(b) a person connected with P,

also produces alcoholic products on any other premises at the reference time or any earlier time in that year.

(4) “Connected premises”, in relation to group premises, means premises on which alcoholic products are produced at the reference time or at any earlier time in the current year, by—

(a) P, or

(b) a person connected with P.

(5) References to “the production group”, in relation to group premises, are references to the group consisting of—

(a) the group premises, and

(b) every set of connected premises.

(6) Production premises are “non-group premises” at a time in a production year if, at that time, they are not group premises.

(7) In this Chapter—

(a) references to the “producer”, in relation to a set of premises, are references to the person who produces alcoholic products on those premises, and

(b) references to a “small producer” are references to a person who produces small producer alcoholic products.

Commencement Information

I51 S. 69 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I52 S. 69 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

70 Connected persons U.K.

(1) References in this Chapter to a person being or becoming connected with another person are to be construed in accordance with section 1122 of CTA 2010.

(2) But the Commissioners may, if they think it appropriate, treat two connected persons as if they were not connected with one another for the purposes of this Chapter.

Commencement Information

I53 S. 70 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I54 S. 70 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

71 Index of defined expressions: Chapter 3 U.K.

The following Table sets out expressions defined or explained for the purposes of this Chapter—

Expression	Provision
adjusted post-merger amount	section 64(1) to (3)
alcohol production amount	section 57(1)(a)
connected premises	section 69(4)
current year	section 54(1)
duty discount	section 59(1)
estimated alcohol production amount	section 57(1)(b)
group premises	section 69(3)
merger transition year	section 61(4)
non-group premises	section 69(6)
post-merger production group	section 61(3)
post-merger production group premises	section 61(2)
previous year	section 54(4)(b)
producer (in Chapter 3)	section 69(7)(a)
production group	section 69(5)
production premises	section 69(2)
production year	section 54(4)(a)
small producer	section 69(7)(b)
small producer alcoholic products	section 55
small production limit	section 56(4)
small production premises	section 56 (for general purposes); section 62 (in relation to a post-merger production group)
SP1 and SP2	section 61(1)
Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3	section 61(3)

Commencement Information

I55 S. 71 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I56 S. 71 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(a) (with reg. 10)

Chapter 4 U.K. Other reliefs and exemptions

General U.K.

72 Exemption: production for personal consumption U.K.

Alcohol duty is not charged on alcoholic products which—

(a) are produced, in the United Kingdom, by a person who produces alcoholic products only for the person’s own domestic use, and

(b) are not spirits.

Commencement Information

I57 S. 72 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I58 S. 72 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(b) (with reg. 10)

73 Research and experiments U.K.

(1) This section applies where—

(a) alcohol duty is chargeable on alcoholic products produced in the United Kingdom, and

(b) the Commissioners are satisfied that the alcoholic products are to be used only for the purposes of research into, or experiments in, the production of alcoholic products.

(2) The Commissioners may remit or repay the alcohol duty.

Commencement Information

I59 S. 73 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I60 S. 73 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(b) (with reg. 10)

Prospective

74 Spoilt alcoholic products U.K.

(1) This section applies where—

(a) alcohol duty is chargeable on alcoholic products, and

(b) the Commissioners are satisfied that the alcoholic products have become spoilt or unfit for use.

(2) The Commissioners may remit or repay the alcohol duty.

Commencement Information

I61 S. 74 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

75 Alcoholic ingredients U.K.

(1) Subsection (2) applies where a person proves to the satisfaction of the Commissioners that—

(a) alcohol duty is chargeable, and has been paid, on alcoholic products, and

(b) the alcoholic products have been used as an ingredient in the production or manufacture of—

(i) a qualifying food product, or

(ii) a beverage of an alcoholic strength of 1.2% or less.

(2) The person is entitled to repayment of the alcohol duty, on making a claim in accordance with this section (subject to subsection (7)).

(3) In this section “qualifying food product” means—

(a) vinegar,

(b) chocolates containing alcohol, where 100 kilograms of the chocolates would not contain more than 8.5 litres of alcohol, or

(c) any other food (for human consumption) which contains alcohol, where 100 kilograms of the food would not contain more than 5 litres of alcohol.

(4) Alcoholic products that are converted into vinegar are treated, for the purposes of this section, as being used as an ingredient in the production or manufacture of vinegar.

(5) Neither of the following is a qualifying food product for the purposes of this section—

(a) a beverage, including a beverage produced or intended for consumption in frozen form;

(b) a product that is intended for consumption as a substitute for a beverage.

(6) A claim for repayment under this section—

(a) must be in the form and manner, and contain the information, required by the Commissioners (either generally or in a particular case), and

(b) except so far as the Commissioners otherwise allow, relate to duty paid on alcoholic products used as an ingredient during a period of 3 months ending not more than 3 years before the claim is made.

(7) No repayment of duty may be made unless the Commissioners are satisfied that the repayment claimed does not relate to any duty which has been repaid or drawn back prior to the making of the claim.

(8) The Commissioners may remit any alcohol duty chargeable—

(a) on alcoholic products imported into the United Kingdom at a time when they are contained as an ingredient in a qualifying food product within subsection (3)(b) or (c), or

(b) on alcoholic products used as an ingredient in the manufacture or production in an excise warehouse of a qualifying food product within subsection (3)(b) or (c).

Commencement Information

I62 S. 75 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I63 S. 75 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(b) (with reg. 10)

Spirits U.K.

76 Imported medical articles U.K.

(1) Alcohol duty is not charged on spirits contained in medical articles imported into the United Kingdom.

(2) “Medical article” means an article recognised by the Commissioners as being an article used for medical purposes.

Commencement Information

I64 S. 76 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I65 S. 76 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(b) (with reg. 10)

77 Flavourings U.K.

(1) Alcohol duty is not charged on spirits contained in food and drink flavourings.

(2) In this section—

• “food and drink flavourings” means any qualifying flavourings which are for use in—

  (a)

  the preparation of food for human consumption, or

  (b)

  the preparation of any beverage of an alcoholic strength not exceeding 1.2%;

• “qualifying flavourings” means any products falling within commodity code 3302 of the customs tariff established by regulations made under section 8 of TCTA 2018.

Commencement Information

I66 S. 77 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I67 S. 77 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(b) (with reg. 10)

78 Authorised use for certain purposes U.K.

(1) This section applies where a person proposes to use spirits, on which alcohol duty is chargeable, either—

(a) in the manufacture or preparation of medical articles, or

(b) for scientific purposes.

(2) This section also applies where—

(a) a person proposes to use spirits, on which alcohol duty is chargeable, for the purposes of art or manufacture (other than the manufacture of medical articles), and

(b) the Commissioners are satisfied that denatured alcohol would not be suitable for that use.

(3) The Commissioners may authorise the person to receive the spirits, and permit the delivery of the spirits from relevant premises to that person, without payment of the alcohol duty.

(4) In subsection (3), “relevant premises” means—

(a) an excise warehouse, or

(b) premises in respect of which a person is approved (including premises on which a person is authorised to hold alcoholic products without payment of duty) under section 82.

(5) An authorisation under this section may be given subject to the conditions (if any)—

(a) specified by the Commissioners in a notice published by them;

(b) imposed by them in a particular case.

(6) If a person fails to comply with a condition in respect of an authorisation, the failure attracts a penalty under section 9 of FA 1994.

(7) Subsection (8) applies if—

(a) the spirits are delivered to the person mentioned in subsection (3), and

(b) the spirits are used otherwise than for the purpose in respect of which the authorisation was given.

(8) The Commissioners—

(a) may assess as being alcohol duty due from the person an amount equal to the alcohol duty that would have been charged on the spirits if, at the time of delivery, no authorisation under this section had been given, and

(b) must notify that person or the person’s representative of the assessment.

(9) In this section “medical article” has the same meaning as in section 76.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C4 S. 78(4)(b) modified (31.7.2023) by The Finance (No. 2) Act 2023, Part 2 (Alcohol Duty) (Appointed Day, Savings, Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Regulations 2023 (S.I. 2023/884), reg. 6

Commencement Information

I68 S. 78 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I69 S. 78 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(b) (with reg. 10)

79 Imported goods not for human consumption U.K.

(1) The Commissioners may remit any alcohol duty chargeable on spirits imported into the United Kingdom at a time when the spirits are contained in goods that are not for human consumption.

(2) If it turns out that the goods containing spirits are for human consumption, the Commissioners—

(a) may assess as being alcohol duty due from the relevant person an amount equal to the alcohol duty that would (apart from subsection (1)) have been charged on the goods, and

(b) must notify the relevant person or that person’s representative of the assessment.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), references to “the relevant person” are references to the importer.

Commencement Information

I70 S. 79 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I71 S. 79 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(b) (with reg. 10)

80 Restrictions on use of certain articles U.K.

(1) If a person makes unauthorised use of an article to which this section applies—

(a) that conduct attracts a penalty under section 9 of FA 1994, and

(b) the article is liable to forfeiture.

(2) This section applies to—

(a) an article containing spirits which are exempt under section 76 from the charge to alcohol duty;

(b) an article in respect of which spirits were used in the manufacture or preparation, where remission of alcohol duty on the spirits was obtained under section 78.

(3) A person makes “unauthorised use” of an article for the purposes of this section if—

(a) the person uses the article other than for medical or scientific purposes, and

(b) the person has not complied with the requirements under subsection (4).

(4) The requirements are that—

(a) the person must obtain the written consent of the Commissioners to the use of the article other than for medical or scientific purposes, and

(b) the person must pay to the Commissioners an amount equal to the duty shortfall.

(5) In this section, the “duty shortfall” means—

(a) the difference between the duty charged on the spirits contained in, or used in the manufacture or preparation of, the article, and

(b) the duty which would have been chargeable had the article not been exempt under section 76 or the duty had not been remitted under section 78.

(6) The Commissioners may make regulations for the purpose of enforcing this section.

(7) Regulations under subsection (6) may, in particular, require a person carrying on any trade in which spirits or articles containing, manufactured or prepared with spirits are, in the opinion of the Commissioners, likely to be or have been used—

(a) to give and verify particulars of the materials which the person is using or has used, or the articles the person has sold;

(b) to produce any documents (of whatever nature) relating to such materials or articles.

(8) If a person contravenes or fails to comply with any regulation made under subsection (6), the contravention or failure attracts a penalty under section 9 of FA 1994.

(9) In this section, a reference to an article includes a reference to any part of that article.

Commencement Information

I72 S. 80 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

I73 S. 80 in force at 1.8.2023 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(b) (with reg. 10)

Remission and repayment U.K.

81 Further provision about remission and repayment U.K.

(1) The remission or repayment of alcohol duty under any provision of this Chapter is subject to the conditions (if any)—

(a) specified by the Commissioners in a notice published by them;

(b) specified by or under regulations made by them;

(c) imposed by them in a particular case.

(2) If a person fails to comply with a condition in respect of the remission or repayment, the failure attracts a penalty under section 9 of FA 1994.

Commencement Information

I74 S. 81 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

I75 S. 81 in force at 1.8.2023 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(b) (with reg. 10)

Chapter 5 U.K. Regulated activities and approvals

Prospective

82 Approval requirement: producers U.K.

(1) A person may not produce alcoholic products on any premises unless—

(a) the production on those premises is in accordance with an approval given under this section by the Commissioners to the person, or

(b) the person is exempt from the approval requirement under section 84 or 85.

(2) The Commissioners may approve a person under this section only if they are satisfied that the person is a fit and proper person to produce alcoholic products.

(3) An approval under this section may authorise the approved person to hold alcoholic products (including alcoholic products produced by another person in, or imported into, the United Kingdom) on certain premises without payment of alcohol duty.

(4) A person may not carry out other activities on those premises in relation to those alcoholic products, without payment of alcohol duty, except in accordance with an approval under this section.

(5) The reference in subsection (4) to “activities” includes, in particular, packaging and processing, or carrying out other operations on or in relation to, the alcoholic products.

Commencement Information

I76 S. 82 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

83 Supplementary provision about approvals U.K.

(1) An approval under section 82 may be given to a person—

(a) in respect of—

(i) more than one category of alcoholic product;

(ii) more than one set of premises;

(b) for such period as the Commissioners think fit.

(2) An approval is subject to the conditions or restrictions (if any)—

(a) specified by the Commissioners in a notice published by them;

(b) specified by or under regulations made by them;

(c) imposed by them in a particular case.

(3) The Commissioners may, at any time, revoke or vary the terms of an approval.

(4) An application for approval must be in the form and manner, and contain the information, specified by or under regulations made by the Commissioners.

Commencement Information

I77 S. 83 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

Prospective

84 Exemption: production for personal consumption U.K.

For the purposes of section 82(1)(b), a person is exempt from the approval requirement if—

(a) the person produces alcoholic products only for the person’s own domestic use, and

(b) the alcoholic products are not spirits.

Commencement Information

I78 S. 84 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

Prospective

85 Exemption: research and experiments U.K.

For the purposes of section 82(1)(b), a person is exempt from the approval requirement if—

(a) the person produces alcoholic products only for the purposes of research into, or experiments in, the production of alcoholic products, and

(b) the person complies with, and the alcoholic products are produced in accordance with, the requirements specified—

(i) by the Commissioners in a notice published by them, or

(ii) by or under regulations made by the Commissioners.

Commencement Information

I79 S. 85 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

86 Mixing alcoholic products U.K.

(1) A person may not mix two or more alcoholic products unless one of the following exemptions applies.

(2) The first exemption applies if the products are mixed—

(a) either—

(i) in accordance with an approval under section 82, or

(ii) in an excise warehouse, and

(b) the mixing takes place before the excise duty point.

(3) The second exemption applies if all of the alcoholic products being mixed—

(a) fall within the same paragraph of section 44(1), and

(b) are of the same alcoholic strength.

(4) The third exemption applies if—

(a) the alcohol duty on each of the alcoholic products being mixed has been paid, and

(b) that amount is equal to or exceeds the amount of alcohol duty that would (if the mixing had taken place before the excise duty point) have been chargeable on the resulting mix.

(5) The fourth exemption applies if—

(a) the alcohol duty on each of the alcoholic products being mixed has been paid,

(b) the resulting mix is intended for consumption on the premises on which the mixing takes place, and

(c) the method of mixing is of a description specified in a notice published by the Commissioners.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C5 S. 86(2)(a)(i) modified (31.7.2023) by The Finance (No. 2) Act 2023, Part 2 (Alcohol Duty) (Appointed Day, Savings, Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Regulations 2023 (S.I. 2023/884), reg. 6

Commencement Information

I80 S. 86 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I81 S. 86 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(c) (with reg. 10)

87 Post-duty point dilution of alcoholic products U.K.

(1) A person may not mix water or any other substance with alcoholic products on which alcohol duty is chargeable if—

(a) the mixing takes places after the excise duty point in relation to that charge,

(b) the resulting product is intended for sale, and

(c) if the mixing had taken place immediately before the excise duty point, the amount of alcohol duty would have been greater than the amount actually payable.

(2) This section has effect, despite section 8 of the Isle of Man Act 1979, as if a removal of relevant alcoholic products to the United Kingdom from the Isle of Man constituted their importation into the United Kingdom (and references to the charge to alcohol duty and to the excise duty point are to be read accordingly).

Commencement Information

I82 S. 87 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I83 S. 87 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(c) (with reg. 10)

88 Alcoholic products regulations U.K.

(1) The Commissioners may by regulations (“alcoholic products regulations”) make provision—

(a) regulating the production, packaging, keeping and storage of alcoholic products produced in, or imported into, the United Kingdom;

(b) for determining when the production of any alcoholic product begins and when it is completed;

(c) for securing and collecting alcohol duty;

(d) for determining alcohol duty, the rate and the method of charging the duty;

(e) for charging alcohol duty, in specified circumstances, by reference to an alcoholic strength which any alcoholic product might reasonably be expected to have, or the rate of duty in force, at a time other than that at which the alcoholic product becomes chargeable;

(f) for determining the alcohol production amount in relation to a set of premises (for the purposes of Chapter 3 of this Part), in specified circumstances, by reference to an alcoholic strength which any alcoholic product might reasonably be expected to have at a time other than that at which the alcoholic product is produced;

(g) for full or partial relief from alcohol duty in specified circumstances (and whether or not subject to conditions);

(h) regulating or prohibiting the addition of substances to, the mixing of, or the carrying out of other operations on or in relation to, any alcoholic product;

(i) regulating the approval of persons under this Chapter, including the variation or revocation of the approval or of any condition or restriction to which it is subject;

(j) permitting, in specified circumstances, the removal of alcoholic products from certain premises without payment of duty (whether or not subject to conditions);

(k) make provision in respect of alcoholic products permitted to be removed from premises without payment of duty or on which alcohol duty has been remitted;

(l) regulating the transportation of alcoholic products;

(m) requiring the production of certificates as to matters relating to alcoholic products imported into the United Kingdom, and the production and producer of those products, as evidence that conditions for charging the duty at a particular rate are satisfied.

(2) Alcoholic products regulations may, in particular, include provision—

(a) requiring the making of returns;

(b) for notifications and other communications with the Commissioners to be made electronically;

(c) requiring persons to keep, and make available for inspection, specified records relating to alcoholic products;

(d) for the imposition under the regulations of requirements as to documents to accompany, or be provided with, alcohol products at any time during a specified period or in specified circumstances, and requiring production of those documents;

(e) conferring powers on an officer of Revenue and Customs to inspect, copy or remove for a reasonable period records or documents relating to alcoholic products;

(f) for assessing an amount as alcohol duty due from a person in specified circumstances;

(g) for the imposition under the regulations of conditions and restrictions (which may include a requirement to give a guarantee or other security).

(3) The reference in subsection (1)(k) to alcoholic products permitted to be removed from premises without payment of duty is treated as including a reference to alcoholic products that are—

(a) treated for the purposes of alcohol duty, by provision made (or having effect as if made) under section 12 of the Customs and Excise Duties (General Reliefs) Act 1979 (supply of duty-free goods to His Majesty’s ships), as exported,

(b) supplied to persons on whom relief from payment of alcohol duty is conferred by provision made under section 13A of that Act (reliefs from duties and taxes for persons enjoying certain immunities and privileges), or

(c) supplied for use on a ship, aircraft or railway vehicle as stores, in accordance with provision made under section 60A of CEMA 1979 (power to make regulations about stores).

(4) In this section, “specified” means specified by or under alcoholic products regulations.

Commencement Information

I84 S. 88 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

I85 S. 88 in force at 1.8.2023 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(c) (with reg. 10)

89 Penalties and forfeiture U.K.

(1) This section applies if a person contravenes or fails to comply with—

(a) section 82,

(b) section 86(1),

(c) section 87(1), or

(d) any provision made by or under alcoholic products regulations.

(2) The person’s conduct attracts a penalty under section 9 of FA 1994.

(3) Any alcoholic products, articles (including packaging or equipment) or substances in the person's possession, used (or which may be used) for or in connection with an action to which the contravention or failure relates, are liable to forfeiture.

Commencement Information

I86 S. 89 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I87 S. 89 in force at 1.8.2023 for specified purposes by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(d) (with reg. 10)

Chapter 6 U.K. Denatured alcohol

90 Denatured alcohol U.K.

(1) Alcohol duty is not charged on denatured alcohol.

(2) “Denatured alcohol” means an alcoholic product which has been mixed with a substance, and in a manner, specified by or under regulations made by the Commissioners (and references, however expressed, to “denaturing” alcoholic products are to be construed accordingly).

(3) Provision made under subsection (2) may include provision specifying a substance, or a manner of mixing, by reference to particular circumstances or other factors, or to the approval or opinion of specified persons.

(4) Where—

(a) alcohol duty is chargeable on alcoholic products, and

(b) the Commissioners are satisfied that the alcoholic products are to be converted into denatured alcohol before the duty is required to be paid,

the duty is to be remitted.

Commencement Information

I88 S. 90 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

I89 S. 90 in force at 1.8.2023 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

91 Licence to manufacture and deal wholesale in denatured alcohol U.K.

(1) A person may not denature any alcoholic products, or deal wholesale in denatured alcohol, unless the person holds an excise licence as a denaturer under this section.

(2) For the purposes of this section, a person deals wholesale in denatured alcohol if the person sells, at any one time to any one person—

(a) a quantity of at least 20 litres of denatured alcohol, or

(b) a smaller quantity, specified by or under regulations made by the Commissioners, of denatured alcohol.

(3) The Commissioners may, at any time, revoke or suspend an excise licence under this section.

(4) An application for an excise licence as a denaturer must be in the form and manner, and contain the information, specified by the Commissioners in a notice published by them.

Commencement Information

I90 S. 91 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

I91 S. 91 in force at 1.8.2023 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

92 Regulations relating to denatured alcohol U.K.

(1) The Commissioners may, with a view to the protection of the revenue, by regulations make provision—

(a) regulating the denaturing of alcoholic products;

(b) regulating the supply, storage, removal, sale, delivery, receipt, use, export or shipment as stores of denatured alcohol;

(c) permitting alcoholic products to be denatured in a warehouse;

(d) permitting dealing wholesale (within the meaning of section 91) in denatured alcohol of a specified description, in specified circumstances, without an excise licence;

(e) regulating the import, receipt, removal, storage and use of alcoholic products for denaturing;

(f) regulating the storage and removal of substances to be used in denaturing alcoholic products;

(g) about the manner in which account is to be kept of stocks of denatured alcohol in the possession of persons licensed as denaturers under section 91 and of retailers of denatured alcohol.

(2) Regulations under this section may, in particular, include provision—

(a) for applications and other communications with the Commissioners to be made electronically;

(b) requiring persons licensed as denaturers under section 91 and retailers of denatured alcohol to keep, and make available for inspection, specified records relating to denaturing;

(c) conferring powers on an officer of Revenue and Customs to inspect, copy or remove for a reasonable period those records;

(d) for the imposition under the regulations of conditions and restrictions (which may include a requirement to give a guarantee or other security).

(3) In this section, “specified” means specified by or under regulations under this section.

Commencement Information

I92 S. 92 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

I93 S. 92 in force at 1.8.2023 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

93 Penalties and forfeiture U.K.

(1) This section applies if a person—

(a) fails to comply with section 91(1) (denaturing alcoholic products, or dealing wholesale in denatured alcohol, otherwise than in accordance with an excise licence), or

(b) contravenes or fails to comply with any provision made by or under regulations under section 92.

(2) Conduct mentioned in subsection (1)(a) or (b) attracts a penalty under section 9 of FA 1994.

(3) Any alcoholic product or denatured alcohol, article (including packaging or equipment) or substance in the person’s possession, used (or which may be used) for or in connection with an action to which the contravention or failure relates is liable to forfeiture.

Commencement Information

I94 S. 93 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I95 S. 93 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

94 Defaults in respect of denatured alcohol: possession of excess alcoholic products U.K.

(1) This section applies if, in relation to a person who holds an excise licence under section 91 (the “denaturer”), at a time when an account is taken of the quantity of denatured alcohol in the denaturer’s possession—

(a) there is a difference between the actual amount and the proper amount, and

(b) either—

(i) where the actual amount exceeds the proper amount, the amount of the excess is more than 1% of the permitted amount, or

(ii) where the proper amount exceeds the actual amount, the amount of the excess is more than 2% of the permitted amount.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1)—

(a) the “actual amount” is the quantity of alcoholic products of any description in the denatured alcohol in the denaturer’s possession;

(b) the “proper amount” is the quantity of alcoholic products of the same description which, according to any accounts that are required to be kept by or under any regulations under section 92, ought to be in the denatured alcohol in the denaturer’s possession.

(3) Where there is a difference between the actual amount and the proper amount, in relation to alcoholic products of a particular description, the “permitted amount” is the aggregate of—

(a) the quantity of alcoholic products of that description when an account was last taken, and

(b) the quantity of alcoholic products of that description that have since been lawfully added to the denaturer’s stock.

(4) In a case within subsection (1)(b)(i), the relevant amount of any alcoholic products of the description to which the difference relates in the denaturer’s possession is liable to forfeiture.

(5) The “relevant amount” for the purposes of subsection (4) is the amount corresponding to the amount of the excess mentioned in subsection (1)(b)(i), or such smaller amount as the Commissioners consider appropriate.

(6) In a case within subsection (1)(b)(ii), the denaturer must, on demand by the Commissioners, pay alcohol duty—

(a) on the amount of alcoholic products (of the same description) equal to the amount of the difference, or

(b) if the Commissioners specify a smaller amount of alcoholic products (of the same description) in the demand, on that amount.

(7) A demand made for the purposes of this section is to be combined, as if there had been a default of a kind mentioned in section 12 of FA 1994 (assessments to excise duty) with an assessment and notification under that section of the amount of duty due in consequence of the demand.

Commencement Information

I96 S. 94 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I97 S. 94 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

95 Defaults in respect of denatured alcohol: supply and use of denatured alcohol U.K.

(1) This section applies if a person, in contravention of regulations under section 92, uses or supplies denatured alcohol containing alcoholic products of any description.

(2) The person must, on demand by the Commissioners, pay alcohol duty—

(a) on the amount of alcoholic products contained, at the time of supply or use, in the denatured alcohol, or

(b) if the Commissioners specify a smaller amount of alcoholic products (of the same description) in the demand, on that amount.

(3) For the purposes of this section, a supply of denatured alcohol to a person who—

(a) by reason of regulations under section 92 is prohibited from receiving it unless authorised to do so by or under the regulations, but

(b) is not so authorised,

is treated as being a supply in contravention of those regulations.

(4) A demand made for the purposes of this section is to be combined, as if there had been a default of a kind mentioned in section 12 of FA 1994 (assessments to excise duty) with an assessment and notification under that section of the amount of duty due in consequence of the demand.

Commencement Information

I98 S. 95 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I99 S. 95 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

96 Inspection of premises etc U.K.

(1) An officer of Revenue and Customs may, at any reasonable time—

(a) enter and inspect the premises of a person authorised by regulations under section 92 to receive denatured alcohol,

(b) inspect and examine any denatured alcohol on the premises, and

(c) take samples of any denatured alcohol or of any goods containing denatured alcohol (paying a reasonable price for each sample).

(2) Subsection (1) does not affect any other power conferred by the customs and excise Acts.

Commencement Information

I100 S. 96 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I101 S. 96 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

97 Prohibition of use of denatured alcohol etc as beverage or medicine U.K.

(1) It is an offence for a person—

(a) to prepare, or attempt to prepare, denatured alcohol for use as a beverage or as a mixture with a beverage;

(b) to sell denatured alcohol (whether or not prepared as described in paragraph (a)) as a beverage or mixed with a beverage;

(c) to use any denatured alcohol or a derivative of it in the preparation of any article capable of being used as a beverage;

(d) to sell or possess any article capable of being used as described in paragraph (c), in the preparation of which denatured alcohol or any derivative of it has been used;

(e) except as permitted by the Commissioners and in accordance with any conditions imposed by them—

(i) to purify, or attempt to purify, denatured alcohol, or

(ii) after denatured alcohol has once been used, to attempt to recover the spirit or alcohol contained in it by distillation, condensation or in any other manner.

(2) Subsection (1) is subject to subsections (5) and (6).

(3) A person who commits an offence under this section is liable on summary conviction to a penalty not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.

(4) Any denatured alcohol, or any article (including packaging or equipment), in respect of which an offence under this section is committed is liable to forfeiture.

(5) No offence is committed under this section where a person uses denatured alcohol or any derivative of it—

(a) in the preparation for use as a medical article (as defined in section 76),

(b) in the making of anything sold or supplied in accordance with regulations made by the Commissioners under section 92, or

(c) in art or manufacture.

(6) No offence is committed under this section where a person sells or possesses anything that—

(a) is permitted to be prepared or made, by reference to paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (5), for a use described in that paragraph, and

(b) is sold or possessed for that use.

(7) In this section, references to denatured alcohol include references to—

(a) methanol, and

(b) any mixture containing denatured alcohol or methanol.

Commencement Information

I102 S. 97 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I103 S. 97 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

Chapter 7 U.K. Wholesaling of controlled alcoholic products

98 Definitions U.K.

(1) This section defines certain expressions used in this Chapter.

(2) A sale is of “controlled alcoholic products” if—

(a) it is a sale of alcoholic products on which alcohol duty is charged under this Part at a rate greater than nil, and

(b) the excise duty point for the alcoholic products falls at or before the time of the sale.

(3) Controlled alcoholic products are sold “wholesale” if—

(a) the sale is of any quantity of the alcoholic products,

(b) the seller is carrying on a trade or business and the sale is made in the course of that trade or business,

(c) the sale is to a buyer carrying on a trade or business, for sale or supply in the course of that trade or business, and

(d) the sale is not an incidental sale, a group sale or an excluded sale,

and a reference to buying controlled alcoholic products wholesale is to be read accordingly.

(4) A sale is an “incidental sale” if—

(a) the seller makes authorised retail sales of alcoholic products of any description, and

(b) the sale is incidental to those sales.

(5) A sale is an “authorised retail sale” if it is made by retail under and in accordance with a licence or other authorisation under an enactment regulating the sale and supply of alcohol.

(6) A sale is a “group sale” if the seller and the buyer are both bodies corporate which are members of the same group (see section 106).

(7) A sale is an “excluded sale” if it is of a description specified by or under regulations made by the Commissioners.

(8) “Controlled activity” means—

(a) selling controlled alcoholic products wholesale,

(b) offering or exposing controlled alcoholic products for sale in circumstances in which the sale (if made) would be a wholesale sale, or

(c) arranging in the course of a trade or business for controlled alcoholic products to be sold wholesale, or offered or exposed for sale in circumstances in which the sale (if made) would be a wholesale sale.

(9) “UK person” means a person who is UK-established for the purposes of value added tax (see paragraph 1(10) of Schedule 1 to VATA 1994).

(10) “Enactment” includes an enactment contained in—

(a) an Act of the Scottish Parliament;

(b) an Act or Measure of Senedd Cymru;

(c) Northern Ireland legislation.

(11) References in this Chapter to the “alcohol wholesaling provisions” are references to this section and sections 99 to 106, and Schedule 10.

Commencement Information

I104 S. 98 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

I105 S. 98 in force at 1.8.2023 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

99 Further provision relating to definitions U.K.

(1) The Commissioners may by regulations make provision as to the cases in which sales are, or are not, to be treated for the purposes of this Chapter as—

(a) wholesale sales,

(b) sales of controlled alcoholic products,

(c) incidental sales,

(d) authorised retail sales, or

(e) group sales.

(2) The Commissioners may by regulations make provision as to the cases in which a person is, or is not, to be treated for the purposes of this Chapter as carrying on a controlled activity by virtue of section 98(8)(b) or (c).

Commencement Information

I106 S. 99 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

I107 S. 99 in force at 1.8.2023 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

100 Approval to carry on controlled activity U.K.

(1) A UK person may not carry on a controlled activity otherwise than in accordance with an approval given by the Commissioners under this section.

(2) The Commissioners may approve a person under this section to carry on a controlled activity only if they are satisfied that the person is a fit and proper person to carry on the activity.

(3) The Commissioners may approve a person under this section to carry on a controlled activity for such period as they think fit.

(4) An approval may be given subject to the conditions or restrictions (if any)—

(a) specified by the Commissioners in a notice published by them;

(b) specified by or under regulations made by them;

(c) imposed by them in a particular case.

(5) The conditions or restrictions may include conditions or restrictions requiring the controlled activity to be carried on only at or from premises specified or approved by the Commissioners.

(6) The Commissioners may at any time revoke or vary the terms of an approval under this section.

(7) In this Chapter “approved wholesaler” means a person approved under this section to carry on a controlled activity.

Commencement Information

I108 S. 100 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

I109 S. 100 in force at 1.8.2023 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

101 The register of approved wholesalers U.K.

(1) The Commissioners must maintain a register of approved wholesalers.

(2) The register is to contain such information relating to approved wholesalers as the Commissioners consider appropriate.

(3) The Commissioners may make publicly available such information contained in the register as they consider necessary to enable those who deal with a person who carries on a controlled activity to determine whether the person in question is an approved wholesaler for the purposes of that activity.

(4) The information may be made available by such means as the Commissioners consider appropriate.

Commencement Information

I110 S. 101 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I111 S. 101 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

102 Regulations relating to approval, registration and controlled activities U.K.

(1) The Commissioners may by regulations make provision—

(a) regulating the approval and registration of persons under the alcohol wholesaling provisions,

(b) regulating the variation or revocation of any such approval or registration or of any condition or restriction to which such an approval or registration is subject,

(c) about the register maintained under section 101,

(d) regulating the carrying on of controlled activities, and

(e) imposing obligations on approved wholesalers.

(2) The regulations may, in particular, make provision—

(a) requiring applications, and other communications with the Commissioners, to be made electronically;

(b) as to the procedure for the approval and registration of bodies corporate which are members of the same group and for members of such a group to be jointly and severally liable for any penalties imposed under—

(i) the regulations, or

(ii) Schedule 10;

(c) requiring approved wholesalers to keep and make available for inspection such records relating to controlled activities as may be specified by or under the regulations;

(d) conferring powers on an officer of Revenue and Customs to inspect, copy or remove for a reasonable period those records;

(e) imposing a penalty of an amount specified by the regulations (which must not exceed £1,000) for a contravention of—

(i) the regulations, or

(ii) any condition or restriction imposed under the alcohol wholesaling provisions;

(f) for the assessment and recovery of such a penalty;

(g) for alcoholic products (whether or not charged with any duty and whether or not that duty has been paid) to be subject to forfeiture for a contravention of—

(i) the alcohol wholesaling provisions or the regulations made under this section, or

(ii) any condition or restriction imposed under the alcohol wholesaling provisions.

Commencement Information

I112 S. 102 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

I113 S. 102 in force at 1.8.2023 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

103 Restriction on buying controlled alcoholic products wholesale U.K.

(1) A person may not—

(a) buy controlled alcoholic products wholesale from a UK person, unless the person is an approved wholesaler in relation to the sale, or

(b) buy relevant alcoholic products from an Isle of Man person, unless the person is an Isle of Man approved wholesaler.

(2) In this section and in section 104(4)—

(a) “Isle of Man person” means a person who is established in the Isle of Man for the purposes of value added tax under any provision of the law in force in the Isle of Man corresponding to paragraph 1(10) of Schedule 1 to VATA 1994;

(b) “Isle of Man approved wholesaler” means an Isle of Man person who is approved under any provision of the law in force in the Isle of Man corresponding to section 100;

(c) “relevant alcoholic products” means alcoholic products which, if they had been produced in the United Kingdom, would have been charged with alcohol duty under this Part at a rate greater than nil.

Commencement Information

I114 S. 103 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I115 S. 103 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

104 Offences U.K.

(1) A person who contravenes section 100(1) by selling controlled alcoholic products wholesale commits an offence if the person knows or has reasonable grounds to suspect that—

(a) the buyer is carrying on a trade or business, and

(b) the alcoholic products are for sale or supply in the course of that trade or business.

(2) A person who contravenes section 100(1) by offering or exposing controlled alcoholic products for sale in circumstances in which the sale (if made) would be a wholesale sale commits an offence if the person intends to make a wholesale sale of the alcoholic products.

(3) A person who contravenes section 100(1) by arranging in the course of a trade or business for controlled alcoholic products to be sold wholesale, or offered or exposed for sale in circumstances in which the sale (if made) would be a wholesale sale, commits an offence if the person intends to arrange for the alcoholic products to be sold wholesale.

(4) A person who contravenes section 103 commits an offence if the person knows or has reasonable grounds to suspect that—

(a) the UK person from whom the controlled alcoholic products are bought is not an approved wholesaler in relation to the sale, or

(b) the Isle of Man person from whom the relevant alcoholic products are bought is not an Isle of Man approved wholesaler in relation to the sale.

(5) A person who commits an offence under this section is liable on summary conviction—

(a) in England and Wales to—

(i) imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court,

(ii) a fine, or

(iii) both,

(b) in Scotland to—

(i) imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months,

(ii) a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum, or

(iii) both, and

(c) in Northern Ireland to—

(i) imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months,

(ii) a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum, or

(iii) both.

(6) A person who commits an offence under this section is liable on conviction on indictment to—

(a) imprisonment for a period not exceeding 7 years,

(b) a fine, or

(c) both.

Commencement Information

I116 S. 104 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I117 S. 104 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

105 Penalties U.K.

Schedule 10 contains provision about penalties for contraventions of the alcohol wholesaling provisions.

Commencement Information

I118 S. 105 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

I119 S. 105 in force at 1.8.2023 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

106 Groups U.K.

(1) Two or more bodies corporate are members of a group for the purposes of the alcohol wholesaling provisions if each is established or has a fixed establishment in the United Kingdom and—

(a) one of them controls each of the others,

(b) one person (whether a body corporate or an individual) controls all of them, or

(c) two or more individuals carrying on a business in partnership control all of them.

(2) For the purposes of this section, a body corporate is to be taken to control another body corporate if—

(a) it is empowered by or under an enactment to control that body’s activities, or

(b) it is that body’s holding company within the meaning of section 1159 of, and Schedule 6 to, the Companies Act 2006.

(3) For the purposes of this section—

(a) an individual or individuals are to be taken to control a body corporate if the individual or individuals (were the individual or individuals a company) would be that body’s holding company within the meaning of section 1159 of, and Schedule 6 to, the Companies Act 2006 (meaning of “subsidiary” etc), and

(b) a body corporate is established or has a fixed establishment in the United Kingdom if it is so established or has such an establishment for the purposes of value added tax.

Commencement Information

I120 S. 106 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I121 S. 106 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

107 Index of defined expressions: Chapter 7 U.K.

The following Table sets out expressions defined or explained for the purposes of this Chapter—

Expression	Provision
alcohol wholesaling provisions	section 98(11)
approved wholesaler	section 100(7)
authorised retail sale	section 98(5)
controlled activity	section 98(8)
enactment	section 98(10)
group (in relation to bodies corporate)	section 106(1)
group sale	section 98(6)
incidental sale	section 98(4)
Isle of Man person and Isle of Man approved wholesaler	section 103(2)(a) and (b)
relevant alcoholic products (for the purposes of sections 103 and 104(4))	section 103(2)(c)
sale of controlled alcoholic products	section 98(2)
UK person	section 98(9)
wholesale	section 98(3)

Commencement Information

I122 S. 107 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I123 S. 107 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(e) (with reg. 10)

Chapter 8 U.K. Supplementary

108 Reviews and appeals U.K.

Schedule 11 makes provision about reviews and appeals.

Commencement Information

I124 S. 108 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I125 S. 108 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(f) (with reg. 3(2)-(4), 10)

109 Forfeiture: supplementary provision U.K.

(1) An officer of Revenue and Customs may destroy, break up or spill anything seized as liable to forfeiture under any provision of this Part.

(2) Subsection (1) does not affect any other provision of, or power conferred by, the customs and excise Acts.

Commencement Information

I126 S. 109 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I127 S. 109 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(g) (with reg. 10)

Prospective

110 Removal of goods: application of section 95 of CEMA 1979 U.K.

(1) Section 95 of CEMA 1979 (deficiency in goods occurring in course of removal from warehouse without payment of duty) is amended as follows.

(2) After subsection (1) insert—

“(1A) Subsection (1) applies in relation to goods that are alcoholic products as if references, in that subsection and in section 94, to a “warehouse” included references to premises in respect of which a person is authorised, under section 82 of the Finance (No. 2) Act 2023, to hold alcoholic products without payment of duty (and references to “warehoused” are to be construed accordingly).

(1B) Subsection (1) applies (as modified by subsection (1A)) in relation to alcoholic products on which alcohol duty has been remitted as it applies to alcoholic products lawfully permitted to be taken from premises as mentioned in that subsection.”

(3) In subsection (2), in the words before paragraph (a), after “subsection (1)” insert “, (1A) or (1B)”.

Commencement Information

I128 S. 110 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

Prospective

111 Drawback U.K.

(1) This section applies where drawback of alcohol duty is allowable, under regulations made under section 60A of CEMA 1979 (power to make regulations about stores) or section 2 of F(No. 2)A 1992 (power to provide for drawback of excise duty), to a person who produces alcoholic products in accordance with an approval under section 82 (“the producer”).

(2) Subject to the conditions (if any) that the Commissioners impose, drawback of alcohol duty may be set against any amount to which the producer is chargeable in respect of alcohol duty (and any reference in CEMA 1979 to drawback payable is to be construed in accordance with this section).

Commencement Information

I129 S. 111 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

112 Duty stamps U.K.

Schedule 12 makes provision about duty stamps.

Commencement Information

I130 S. 112 in force at Royal Assent for specified purposes, see s. 120(1)(b)

I131 S. 112 in force at 1.8.2023 in so far as not already in force by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(h) (with reg. 10)

Chapter 9 U.K. repeals, further amendments and transitional provisions

Repeals and further amendments U.K.

113 Repeals U.K.

(1) The Alcoholic Liquor Duties Act 1979 is repealed.

(2) The following sections of FA 1995 are repealed—

(a) section 4 (alcoholic ingredients relief);

(b) section 5 (denatured alcohol).

Commencement Information

I132 S. 113 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I133 S. 113 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(i) (with regs. 3(1), 4, 9, 10)

114 Minor and consequential amendments U.K.

Schedule 13 makes minor and consequential amendments relating to this Part.

Commencement Information

I134 S. 114 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I135 S. 114 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(j) (with reg. 10)

Transitional provision U.K.

115 Temporary provision: wine U.K.

(1) Wine of an alcoholic strength of at least 11.5% but not exceeding 14.5% is treated, for the purposes of the charge to alcohol duty, as if it were of an alcoholic strength of 12.5%.

(2) This section expires at the end of the period of 18 months beginning with the day on which section 48 (rates) comes into force.

Commencement Information

I136 S. 115 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I137 S. 115 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(k) (with reg. 10)

116 Temporary provision: cider U.K.

Alcohol duty is not charged on cider which is produced—

(a) at a time before section 82 (approvals) comes into force, and

(b) by a person who, at that time, is exempt from the requirement to register under section 62 of ALDA 1979 by reason of an order made (or having effect as if made) under subsection (3) of that section.

Commencement Information

I138 S. 116 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(2)

I139 S. 116 in force at 1.8.2023 by S.I. 2023/884, reg. 2(1)(k) (with reg. 10)

Chapter 10 U.K. Final provisions

117 Interpretation of this Part U.K.

(1) The following Table sets out expressions defined or explained in this Part for general purposes—

Expression	Provision
alcohol	section 45(5)
alcoholic products	section 44(1) and (2)
alcoholic strength	section 45(1)
beer	Schedule 6, paragraph 3
cider	Schedule 6, paragraph 5
denatured alcohol	section 90
excise duty point	section 49
other fermented product	Schedule 6, paragraph 12
qualifying draught product	section 51(1)
spirits	Schedule 6, paragraph 1
wine	Schedule 6, paragraph 11

(2) This Part is to be construed as one with the Customs and Excise Acts 1979.

(3) Any expression used in this Act or in any instrument made under this Act to which a meaning is given by any other Act included in the Customs and Excise Acts 1979 has, except where the context otherwise requires, the same meaning in this Act or any such instrument as in that Act.

Commencement Information

I140 S. 117 in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(1)(a)

118 Regulations: supplementary and general U.K.

(1) The Commissioners may by regulations make provision supplementing provision made in relation to alcohol duty by or under this Part or any other enactment.

(2) A power to make regulations under any provision of this Part may be exercised so as to make different provision for different purposes or areas.

(3) A power to make regulations under any provision of this Part includes power to make—

(a) provision which applies generally or only for specified cases or purposes;

(b) provision conferring a discretion on a specified person to do anything under, or for the purposes of, the regulations;

(c) provision by reference to things specified in a notice published in accordance with the regulations;

(d) consequential, supplementary, incidental, transitional or saving provision.

(4) Regulations under this Part are to be made by statutory instrument.

(5) This section does not apply to regulations under section 120.

Commencement Information

I141 S. 118 in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(1)(a)

119 Regulations: procedure U.K.

(1) A statutory instrument containing any regulations made under section 46(a) or section 51(5) must be laid before the House of Commons, and, unless approved by that House before the end of the period of 28 days beginning with the date on which the instrument is made, ceases to have effect at the end of that period.

(2) The fact that a statutory instrument ceases to have effect as a result of subsection (1) does not affect—

(a) anything previously done under the instrument, or

(b) the making of a new statutory instrument.

(3) In calculating the period for the purposes of subsection (1), no account is to be taken of any time—

(a) during which Parliament is dissolved or prorogued, or

(b) during which the House of Commons is adjourned for more than 4 days.

(4) A statutory instrument containing (whether alone or with other provision) any regulations made under paragraph 2 of Schedule 12 may not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, the House of Commons.

(5) A statutory instrument containing regulations made under this Part, other than regulations in respect of which subsection (1) or subsection (4) applies, is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the House of Commons.

(6) A statutory instrument containing regulations to which subsection (1) applies may also include regulations relating to alcohol duty under any other provision of the customs and excise Acts (including any provision of this Part) if the Parliamentary procedure applicable to a statutory instrument containing regulations under the other provision does not require House of Commons approval.

(7) Where regulations are included as mentioned in subsection (6), the procedure applicable to the statutory instrument is the procedure mentioned in subsection (1) (and not the procedure mentioned in subsection (6)).

(8) If—

(a) a statutory instrument contains regulations under any provision of this Part (other than regulations in respect of which subsection (1) or subsection (4) applies) and regulations relating to alcohol duty under any other provision of the customs and excise Acts, and

(b) the Parliamentary procedure applicable to a statutory instrument containing provision under the other provision does not require House of Commons approval,

the only Parliamentary procedure applicable to a statutory instrument mentioned in paragraph (a) is that given by this section.

(9) For the purposes of subsection (6) and subsection (8) the Parliamentary procedure applicable to a statutory instrument requires House of Commons approval if, as a condition of its continuing to have effect or its making, the House of Commons has to approve the statutory instrument or a draft of it.

(10) This section does not apply to regulations under section 120.

Commencement Information

I142 S. 119 in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(1)(a)

120 Commencement U.K.

(1) The following provisions of this Part come into force on the day on which this Act is passed—

(a) this Chapter, and

(b) any other provision of this Part so far as it confers a power to make regulations.

(2) The other provisions of this Part (so far as not brought into force by subsection (1)) come into force on such day or days as the Commissioners may by regulations appoint.

(3) Different days may be appointed for different purposes or different areas.

(4) The Commissioners may by regulations make consequential, supplementary, incidental, transitional or saving provision in connection with the coming into force of any provision of this Part.

(5) The power to make regulations under subsection (4)—

(a) may be exercised so as to make different provision for different purposes or areas, and

(b) includes power to make provision of a kind described in section 118(3)(a) to (c).

(6) Regulations under this section are to be made by statutory instrument.

Commencement Information

I143 S. 120 in force at Royal Assent, see s. 120(1)(a)

Part 3 U.K. Multinational top-up tax

Chapter 1 U.K. Introduction and charge

121 Introduction to multinational top-up tax U.K.

(1) The purpose of this Part is to implement the provisions of the Pillar Two rules relating to top-up tax under the IIR (within the meaning of those rules).

(2) For that purpose, this Part makes provision for a tax payable in respect of members of multinational groups who are located in territories (outside the United Kingdom) where their rate of tax (as determined in accordance with this Part) is less than 15%.

(3) The tax is to be known as “multinational top-up tax”.

(4) Sections 122 to 124 set out the charge to multinational top-up tax and describe how it is to be calculated.

(5) Chapter 2 of this Part—

(a) sets out the meaning of “multinational group”;

(b) describes who the members of such a group are;

(c) identifies the ultimate parent of such a group;

(d) limits the application of this Part to multinational groups with an annual revenue of at least 750 million euros and that have at least one member in the United Kingdom (such a group is referred to in this Part as “qualifying”);

(e) sets out how to determine which members of a multinational group (“responsible members”) are responsible for paying the tax and which members they are responsible for.

122 Chargeable persons U.K.

(1) A person is chargeable to multinational top-up tax for an accounting period of a multinational group if the group is a qualifying multinational group in that period and—

(a) the person—

(i) is a responsible member of the multinational group at any time in that period,

(ii) is a body corporate or a partnership F6 ..., and

(iii) is located in the United Kingdom, or

(b) the person is chargeable to tax in respect of an entity that is a responsible member of the multinational group at any time in that period.

(2) A person is chargeable to tax in respect of a responsible member of a multinational group if—

(a) the profits of the responsible member would, on the relevant assumptions, be the profits of the person for the purposes of income tax or corporation tax,

(b) the responsible member is located in the United Kingdom, and

(c) the responsible member is not—

(i) a body corporate, or

(ii) a partnership F7 ....

(3) The relevant assumptions are—

(a) that the responsible member has profits that are chargeable to income tax or corporation tax, and

(b) that the person is resident in the United Kingdom for the purposes of that tax.

F8 (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F8 (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F8 (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(7) Where more than one person is chargeable to tax in relation to the same responsible member of a qualifying multinational group as a result of the application of subsection (2), each of those persons is jointly and severally liable to multinational top-up tax.

Textual Amendments

F6 Words in s. 122(1)(a)(ii) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 2(1)(a)

F7 Words in s. 122(2)(c)(ii) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 2(1)(b)

F8 S. 122(4)-(6) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 2(1)(c)

123 Amount charged by reference to “top-up amounts” U.K.

Where a person is chargeable to multinational top-up tax for an accounting period as a responsible member of a qualifying multinational group or in respect of a responsible member of a qualifying multinational group, the amount (if any) the person must pay is determined as follows—

• Step 1

  Determine which, if any, of the multinational group’s members that the responsible member is responsible for have top-up amounts or additional top-up amounts for that period and the extent of those amounts.

• Step 2

  Determine how much of each of those amounts is to be attributed to the responsible member.

• Step 3

  Add together the amounts attributed to the responsible member.

• [F9 Step 4

  Convert the result of Step 3 (which in accordance with section 254 will be expressed in the CFS currency) to sterling using the average exchange rate for the accounting period (if the CFS currency is not sterling).]

Textual Amendments

F9 Words in s. 123 substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 33(2)

124 How to calculate top-up amounts and attribute them U.K.

(1) Generally, a member of a multinational group in a territory will have a top-up amount for an accounting period if—

(a) the effective tax rate of the members of the group in that territory for that period is less than 15%, and

(b) that member has profits for that period.

(2) Chapter 3 of this Part sets out how to determine the effective tax rate of the members of a multinational group in a territory by reference to the profits of, and the taxes payable by, those members in that territory.

(3) Chapter 4 of this Part sets out how to calculate the profits of members of a multinational group.

(4) Chapter 5 of this Part sets out—

(a) which taxes (referred to in this Part as “covered taxes”) are to be considered in determining the effective tax rate of those members, and

(b) how to determine the amount of covered taxes allocated to those members.

(5) Chapter 6 of this Part sets out how to use the effective tax rate and profits of the members of a multinational group to determine the top-up amounts of those members.

(6) Chapter 7 of this Part sets out how to attribute those top-up amounts to a responsible member of the group.

(7) Chapter 8 of this Part contains provisions about—

(a) additional top-up amounts, and

(b) further adjustments that may need to be made (including provision about adjustments for restructuring of multinational groups).

(8) Chapter 9 of this Part sets out special provision for investment entities, joint venture groups and minority owned members (including provision that applies to those entities instead of provision in the previous Chapters).

(9) Chapter 10 of this Part contains definitions and other provisions relevant to the calculations and other determinations to be made for the purposes of multinational top-up tax and Chapter 11 contains general provision.

125 Administration of multinational top-up tax U.K.

Schedule 14 makes provision for—

(a) information returns which must be made in respect of multinational groups,

(b) assessments to multinational top-up tax,

(c) penalties, and

(d) other administrative matters.

Chapter 2 U.K. Qualifying multinational groups and their members

Multinational groups U.K.

126 Meaning of “multinational group” and “ultimate parent” U.K.

(1) References in this Part to a multinational group are to a consolidated group where at least one of the members of that group is not located in the same territory as the others.

(2) A “consolidated group” means the following entities (which are its members)—

(a) an entity (the “ultimate parent”)—

(i) in which no other entity has a controlling interest, and

(ii) which has a controlling interest in other entities, and

(b) the entities whose assets, liabilities, income, expenses and cash flows—

(i) are included in the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent, or

(ii) are not included in those statements only because of an exclusion on size or materiality grounds or on the grounds that the entity in question is held for sale.

127 Excluded entities U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Part, excluded entities are to be treated as not being members of a multinational group.

(2) But subsection (1) does not apply for the purposes of the following provisions—

(a) section 126 (and accordingly an excluded entity that is the ultimate parent of multinational group remains the ultimate parent of that group),

(b) this section, and

(c) section 129 (determining whether a multinational group is qualifying).

(3) The following are excluded entities—

(a) a governmental entity;

(b) an international organisation;

(c) a pension fund;

(d) a non-profit organisation;

(e) a qualifying non-profit subsidiary;

(f) a qualifying service entity;

(g) a qualifying exempt income entity.

(4) The following are also excluded entities if they are the ultimate parent of a multinational group, or would be but for the fact they do not produce consolidated financial statements that include assets, liabilities, income expenses and cash flows of entities in which they have ownership interests—

(a) an investment fund,

(b) a UK REIT, or

(c) an overseas REIT equivalent.

(5) An entity is a qualifying non-profit subsidiary in an accounting period if—

(a) it is 100% owned by one or more entities that are non-profit organisations,

[F10 (b) the revenue (see section 129(5)) of the multinational group of which the entity is a member, excluding the revenues of each member that is a non-profit organisation, a qualifying service entity or a qualifying exempt income entity—

(i) would not exceed the threshold set out in section 129(4), and

(ii) is less than 25% of the total revenue of the group, and]

F11 (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(d) no election under subsection (8) is in force in relation to the entity.

(6) An entity is a qualifying service entity if—

(a) it is 95% owned by one or more qualifying excluded entities,

(b) either—

(i) the entity only carries out activities that are ancillary to the activities of those owners, or

(ii) all, or almost all, of its activities, ignoring activities falling within sub-paragraph (i), consist of the holding of assets or the investment of funds for the benefit of those owners, and

(c) no election under subsection (8) is in force in relation to the entity.

(7) An entity is a qualifying exempt income entity if—

(a) it is 85% owned by one or more qualifying excluded entities,

(b) almost all of the entity’s income is excluded dividends or excluded equity gains (or a mixture of both), and

(c) no election under subsection (8) is in force in relation to the entity.

(8) The filing member of a multinational group (see paragraph 2 of Schedule 14) may make an election that a member of that group that would otherwise be an excluded entity as a result of subsection (5), (6) or (7) is not to be an excluded entity.

(9) Schedule 15 makes provision about elections under this Part.

(10) Paragraph 1 of that Schedule (long term elections) applies to an election under subsection (8).

(11) For the purposes of subsection (5), the reference to an entity being 100% owned by one or more entities that are non-profit organisations is to those entities together having that percentage of ownership interest in that entity.

(12) For the purposes of subsections (6) and (7)—

(a) despite section 232(3) (permanent establishments treated as distinct from main entity), the conditions in subsection (6)(b) and (7)(b) are only met in relation to a permanent establishment or a main entity if the conditions are met by the main entity and all of its permanent establishments taken together as if they were a single entity;

(b) an excluded entity is “qualifying” if it is not a [F12 pension services] entity, and

(c) references to an entity being 95% or 85% owned by qualifying excluded entities are to those entities together having at least that percentage of the ownership interests in that entity (see section 245 for how to calculate ownership interests in excluded entities).

Textual Amendments

F10 S. 127(5)(b) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 3(a)

F11 S. 127(5)(c) and word omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 3(b)

F12 Words in s. 127(12) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 48(1)

Responsible members U.K.

128 Responsible members U.K.

(1) The ultimate parent of a multinational group is a responsible member of that group if it is subject to Pillar Two IIR tax.

(2) An ultimate parent that is a responsible member of a multinational group is responsible for all of [F13 the members of the group] that are not located in the territory [F14 the ultimate parent] is located in.

(3) An intermediate parent member of a multinational group (see section 237(2)) that is located in a Pillar Two territory is a responsible member of that group if it is subject to Pillar Two IIR tax and—

(a) no intermediate parent member of that group that is subject to Pillar Two IIR tax has a controlling interest in it,

(b) the ultimate parent is not subject to Pillar Two IIR tax, and

[F15 (c) at least one member of the group in which it has an ownership interest, or a permanent establishment for which it is the main entity, has a top-up amount or an additional top-up amount.]

(4) Such an intermediate parent member is responsible for [F16 —

(a) every permanent establishment for which it is the main entity, and

(b)] all of the members of the group it has an ownership interest in that are not located in the territory it is located in.

(5) A partially-owned parent member of a multinational group (see section 237(1)) that is located in a Pillar Two territory is a responsible member if it is subject to Pillar Two IIR tax and—

(a) it is not wholly owned by another partially-owned parent member of that group that is subject to Pillar Two IIR tax, and

[F17 (b) at least one member of the group in which it has an ownership interest, or a permanent establishment for which it is the main entity, has a top-up amount or an additional top-up amount.]

(6) Such a partially owned parent member is responsible for [F18 —

(a) every permanent establishment for which it is the main entity, and

(b)] all of the members of the group it has an ownership interest in that are not located in the same territory it is located in.

(7) For the purposes of this Part an entity is subject to Pillar Two IIR tax [F19 for an accounting period] if—

(a) [F20 the period commences on or after 31 December 2023 and] the entity is located in the United Kingdom and is not an excluded entity, or

(b) the entity—

(i) is located in another Pillar Two territory in which a tax equivalent to multinational top-up tax is in force [F21 for the period], and

(ii) is not excluded from the application of that tax as a result of provision equivalent to section 127.

Textual Amendments

F13 Words in s. 128(2) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 48(2)(a)(i)

F14 Words in s. 128(2) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 48(2)(a)(ii)

F15 S. 128(3)(c) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 4(2)

F16 Words in s. 128(4) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 4(3)

F17 S. 128(5)(b) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 4(4)

F18 Words in s. 128(6) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 4(5)

F19 Words in s. 128(7) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 48(2)(b)(i)

F20 Words in s. 128(7)(a) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 48(2)(b)(ii)

F21 Words in s. 128(7)(b)(i) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 48(2)(b)(iii)

Qualifying multinational groups U.K.

129 Qualifying multinational groups U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Part, a multinational group is “qualifying” in an accounting period if conditions A and B are met.

(2) Condition A is that the group’s members have revenue that exceeds the threshold set out in subsection (4) in at least 2 accounting periods of the previous 4 accounting periods.

(3) Condition B is that at least one of the group’s members is located in the United Kingdom.

(4) The threshold for an accounting period is the amount given by multiplying 750 million euros by the amount given by dividing the number of days in the accounting period by 365.

(5) For the purposes of this section, and section 127(5), the revenue of the members of a multinational group for a period is to be determined by reference to the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent for that period.

130 Change in composition of multinational group U.K.

(1) This section applies for the purpose of determining whether condition A in section 129(2) is met by a multinational group in an accounting period (“the qualifying period”) where its composition has changed—

(a) in that period, or

(b) during the previous 4 accounting periods (“the testing period”).

(2) Reference in subsection (1) to a change in the composition of a multinational group includes its formation as a result of the acquisition by one entity of ownership interests in another.

(3) Where a member of the multinational group was not a member of any consolidated group in one or more of the accounting periods in the testing period—

(a) its revenues for those accounting periods are to be determined by reference to its financial statements or any consolidated financial statements in which its revenue is included (and, if necessary, apportioned on a just and reasonable basis to those accounting periods), and

(b) those revenues are to be treated as forming part of the revenues of the multinational group in those periods (whether or not the group existed in those periods).

(4) Where a multinational group is the result of a merger of two or more consolidated groups in the qualifying period or the testing period, for each accounting period of those periods in which they were separate groups, add together the revenues of each consolidated group for that period (determined by reference to the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent of each group and if necessary, apportioned on a just and reasonable basis to the accounting period of the merged group) to determine whether the threshold in section 129(4) is met for that period.

(5) For the purposes of this section “merger” means any arrangement that results in [F22 all, or substantially all, of the members of] two or more consolidated groups becoming [F23 members of] a single consolidated group.

Textual Amendments

F22 Words in s. 130(5) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 48(3)(a)

F23 Words in s. 130(5) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 48(3)(b)

131 Whether de-merged groups meet the revenue threshold U.K.

(1) Where a multinational group is the result of a qualifying de-merger (“a de-merged group”), section 129 has effect in relation to that group for its first accounting period that ends after the de-merger, and in the 3 accounting periods that follow it as if for subsection (2) there were substituted—

“(2) A de-merged group meets condition A F24 ...—

(a) in its first accounting period that ends after the de-merger, if its members have revenue for that period that exceeds the threshold set out in section 129(4), and

(b) in any of the second to fourth accounting periods ending after the de-merger, if its members have revenue that exceeds the threshold set out in that section in any two of the following periods—

(i) that period;

(ii) any of the accounting periods that precede that period and end after the de-merger.”

[F25 (2) In this section “qualifying de-merger” means the separation of members of a relevant multinational group into two or more consolidated groups in an accounting period of the relevant multinational group, such that those members cease to all be consolidated by the same ultimate parent.

(3) A multinational group is relevant in an accounting period if—

(a) it meets condition A in section 129(2) for that period (revenue threshold exceeded in at least 2 of previous 4 accounting periods), and

(b) Pillar Two rules apply to any member of the group for that period.]

Textual Amendments

F24 Word in s. 131(1) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 5(2)

F25 S. 131(2)(3) substituted for s. 131(2) (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 5(3)

Chapter 3 U.K. Effective tax rate of members of a multinational group in a territory

132 Effective tax rate U.K.

(1) The effective tax rate of the standard members of a multinational group in a territory for an accounting period is determined as follows—

• Step 1

  Determine, in accordance with Chapter 4, the adjusted profits for that period of each standard member of that group in that territory.

• Step 2

  Subtract the sum of the losses of those members of the group that made a loss in that period from the sum of the profits of those members of the group that made a profit in that period.

• Step 3

  If the result of Step 2 is nil or less, the effective tax rate is to be treated as 15%. Otherwise, proceed to Step 4.

• Step 4

  Determine the combined covered tax balance for the standard members of the group in that territory (which may be negative).

• Step 5

  If that balance is nil the effective tax rate is 0%. Otherwise, proceed to Step 6.

• Step 6

  Divide the combined covered tax balance by the result of Step 2.

• Step 7

  Except where Step 3 or 5 applies, the effective tax rate of the standard members of that group is X% where X (which will be negative if the combined covered tax balance is negative) is the result of Step 6 multiplied by 100.

(2) The combined covered tax balance for standard members of a multinational group in a territory is—

(a) where those members only have positive covered tax balances (see Chapter 5), the sum of those balances,

(b) where those members only have negative covered tax balances (see that Chapter), the sum of those balances expressed as a negative number, or

(c) where those members have a mixture of positive covered tax balances and negative covered tax balances, the amount (which may be positive or negative) given by subtracting the sum of those negative covered tax balances from the sum of those positive covered tax balances.

Section [F26 174] contains provision about the determination of covered tax balances of members of multinational groups.

(3) For the purposes of this Part—

(a) a member of a multinational group is a “standard member” if it is not—

(i) an investment entity, or

(ii) a minority owned member, and

(b) a stateless member of a multinational group is to be treated as being the sole member of the group located in a nominal territory.

Textual Amendments

F26 Word in s. 132(2) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 49(1)

Chapter 4 U.K. Calculation of adjusted profits of members of a multinational group

Adjusted profits of a member of a multinational group U.K.

133 Adjusted profits of a member of a multinational group U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Part, references to the adjusted profits of a member of a multinational group are to the underlying profits of that member adjusted in accordance with this Chapter and (to the extent applicable) Chapter 8.

(2) Sections 134 to 137 set out how to determine the underlying profits.

(3) Sections 138 to 158 set out various adjustments that may need to be made to those profits.

(4) Sections 159 and 160 set out adjustments to be made in relation to members that are permanent establishments.

(5) Sections 161 to 164 make provision for elections for certain matters to be calculated in an alternative manner.

(6) Sections 167 to 171 set out adjustments in relation to transparent and hybrid entities and entities subject to a “qualifying dividend regime”.

(7) Other provisions of this Part may require further adjustments of underlying profits, including provision in—

(a) Chapter 9 (investment entities), and

(b) Schedule 16 (transitional provision).

134 Underlying profits as determined for statements of ultimate parent U.K.

(1) The normal rule is that the underlying profits of a member of a multinational group, other than a member that is a permanent establishment, are the member’s profits as they would be determined for that member in preparing consolidated financial statements for the ultimate parent.

(2) But those profits may instead be determined on the basis of an alternative accounting standard, and information in the separate financial accounts of the member, if all of the conditions in subsection (3) are met.

(3) Those conditions are that—

(a) it is not reasonably practicable to determine those profits on the basis of the accounting standard used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent,

(b) the alternative accounting standard is an acceptable accounting standard or an authorised accounting standard,

(c) the alternative accounting standard is that used for the financial accounts of the member, and

(d) the information in those accounts is reliable.

(4) Where an alternative accounting standard is used and an amount relevant to the underlying profits of a member of a multinational group is recorded in a currency other than the currency used for the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent, that amount is to be converted to that currency for the purposes of this Part.

(5) Subsection (6) applies where the application of a particular policy of the alternative accounting standard in the determination of the profits of the member results in a significant accounting standard difference that would not arise if the accounting standard of the ultimate parent had been applied.

(6) The underlying profits are to be adjusted to eliminate that difference (as if the accounting standard of the ultimate parent had been applied).

(7) Information in the financial accounts of the member is “reliable” if an auditor applying the generally accepted auditing standards of a relevant territory would reasonably conclude the member has in place such processes relating to their preparation as are likely to make the information in the financial accounts a fair and accurate description of the income, expenses, assets and liabilities of that member.

(8) For the purposes of subsection (7), the following are relevant territories—

(a) the territory in which the member is located;

(b) the territory in which the ultimate parent is located;

(c) if the member is a flow-through entity (see section 168(2)) that is a stateless entity, the territory in which it was created.

(9) For the purposes of this section, reference to a “significant accounting standard difference” is to a difference of more than 1 million euros between the treatment of an amount in the financial accounts of a member of a multinational group and the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent that is not eliminated over time.

135 Underlying profits of permanent establishments U.K.

(1) The underlying profits of a member of a multinational group that is a permanent establishment are the member’s profits—

(a) if the member has separate financial accounts, as reflected in those accounts, and

(b) if not, as reflected in the underlying profits accounts of the main entity, attributed between the permanent establishment and the main entity in accordance with section 159.

(2) If the member is a permanent establishment falling within paragraph (d) of section 232(2) (income of permanent establishment exempt from tax in territory of main entity) the member’s underlying profits are determined only by reference to its relevant income and relevant expenses.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2)—

(a) the relevant income of the member is the income of the member that is exempted from tax in the territory where the main entity is located that is attributable to operations carried out outside the territory the main entity is located in, and

(b) the relevant expenses of the member are such of its expenses as are attributable to those operations and are not deducted for tax purposes in the territory of the main entity.

(4) Profits (as determined in accordance with this Part) of a permanent establishment are not to be taken into account in determining the adjusted profits of the main entity, and vice versa.

(5) But subsection (4)—

(a) does not apply to profits of a permanent establishment that are excluded from its profits as a result of an adjustment under section 159, and

(b) is subject to section 160 (attribution of losses between permanent establishment and main entity).

136 Underlying profits accounts U.K.

In this Part, reference to the “underlying profits accounts” of a member of a multinational group is to the statements or accounts (which may in some circumstances be hypothetical) that are the basis of the determination of the member’s underlying profits for the purposes of this Part.

137 No amounts outside of profit and loss account to be included U.K.

Except as required by any other provision of this Part, amounts that are recognised outside the profit and loss account in the underlying profits accounts of a member of a multinational group are not to be reflected in the underlying profits of that member.

Adjustments of underlying profits U.K.

138 Profits adjusted to be before tax U.K.

(1) The underlying profits of a member of a multinational group for an accounting period are to be adjusted by adding back any debit, and excluding any credit, for tax expense amounts reflected in F27 ... those profits.

(2) In this Part “tax expense amount” means an amount of tax expense (including a deferred tax expense) in respect of—

(a) a covered tax (whether or not the income to which the tax relates are excluded from adjusted profits for the purposes of this Part);

(b) multinational top-up tax, or any tax equivalent to multinational top-up tax;

(c) a qualifying domestic top-up tax (see section 256);

(d) a qualifying undertaxed profits tax (see section 257);

(e) taxes accrued by an insurance company in respect of returns to policyholders to the extent that section 152(2) applies in relation to those taxes;

(f) a disqualified refundable imputation tax (see section 253).

Textual Amendments

F27 Word in s. 138(1) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 50(1)

139 Profits adjusted to be profits before consolidation adjustments to eliminate intragroup transactions U.K.

(1) The underlying profits of a member of a multinational group are to be adjusted so that they include income, expenses, gains and losses arising from transactions between that member and other members of that group.

(2) Subsection (1) is subject to—

(a) section 137 (amounts outside profit and loss excluded), and

(b) section 164 (where an election is made under that section to exclude profits from intra-group transactions).

140 Profits adjusted to be profits before certain purchase accounting adjustments U.K.

(1) The underlying profits of a member of a multinational group for an accounting period are to be adjusted so that they do not reflect relevant share acquisition adjustments.

(2) “Relevant share acquisition adjustment” means a purchase accounting adjustment to the consolidated financial statements of an ultimate parent of a multinational group arising as a result of an entity becoming a member of the group as a result of the acquisition of [F28 ownership interests] in the entity by an existing member of the group.

(3) This section does not apply to a relevant share acquisition adjustment resulting from an acquisition of [F29 ownership interests] before 1 December 2021 if [F30 the members of the group do not have sufficient records to identify the adjustment made with reasonable accuracy.]

Textual Amendments

F28 Words in s. 140(2) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 50(2)(a)

F29 Words in s. 140(3) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 50(2)(b)(i)

F30 Words in s. 140(3) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 50(2)(b)(ii)

141 General exclusion of dividends U.K.

(1) The underlying profits of a member of a multinational group are to be adjusted so as to exclude any excluded dividends received or accrued by that member.

(2) “Excluded dividends” means—

(a) a dividend or other distribution arising as a result of a qualifying interest in a flow-through entity (see section 168), or

(b) any other dividend or other distribution arising as a result of a qualifying interest in an entity, other than a dividend or other distribution falling within subsection (3).

(3) The following fall within this subsection—

(a) a dividend or other distribution arising as a result of a qualifying interest that is a short-term portfolio holding;

(b) a dividend or other distribution arising as a result of a qualifying interest in an investment entity that is subject to an election under section 214 (taxable distribution method election);

(c) a dividend or other distribution made by a member of a multinational group if—

(i) its recipient is a member of the same group, and

(ii) payments in respect of the distribution (whether or not the distribution was accounted for as a distribution at the time of payment) are treated as an expense of the member that made it for the purposes of determining the member’s underlying profits, or

(d) any other dividend or other distribution to the extent it reflects debt rather than a qualifying interest.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (2) a qualifying interest in an entity held by a member of a multinational group is a portfolio holding if, on the vesting date of the distribution, the members of that group do not, between them, have qualifying interests that entitle them to 10% or more of the entity’s—

(a) profits,

(b) capital,

(c) reserves, and

(d) voting rights.

(5) A portfolio holding held by a member of a multinational group is a short-term portfolio holding if it was held for less than 1 year before the vesting date of the distribution.

(6) The vesting date of a distribution is the earlier of—

(a) the day on which it is made, and

(b) the day on which the person to whom it arises is entitled to have it made.

(7) The filing member of a multinational group may elect that all portfolio holdings held by a member of the group specified in the election are to be treated for the purposes of this section as short-term portfolio holdings.

(8) Paragraph 1 of Schedule 15 (long term elections) applies to an election under subsection (7).

(9) In this section, and in section 142, “qualifying interest” in an entity means—

(a) a direct ownership interest in it, or

(b) an entitlement to exercise voting rights in relation to it.

142 Excluded equity gain or loss U.K.

(1) The underlying profits of a member of a multinational group are to be adjusted so as to exclude any excluded equity gain or loss.

(2) “Excluded equity gain or loss” means any gain, profit or loss arising from—

(a) gains and losses from changes in fair value of a qualifying interest or the impairment of such an interest, other than an interest to which subsection (3) applies,

(b) profit or loss in respect of a qualifying interest included in underlying profits under the equity method of accounting, F31 ... or

(c) gains and losses from a disposition of a qualifying interest, other than an interest to which subsection (3) applies.

(3) This subsection applies to a qualifying interest in an entity if the members of the multinational group do not, at the relevant time, have qualifying interests between them that entitle them to 10% or more of that entity’s—

(a) profits,

(b) capital,

(c) reserves, and

(d) voting rights.

(4) The “relevant time” means—

(a) for the purposes of testing whether subsection (3) applies to an interest for the purposes of subsection (2)(a) or (b), the end of the accounting period in which the gain, profit or loss arose, and

(b) for the purposes of testing whether subsection (3) applies to an interest for the purpose of subsection (2)(c), immediately before the disposition.

(5) See also section 165 which provides for an election to treat certain gains or losses as not being excluded equity gains or losses.

Textual Amendments

F31 Words in s. 142(2)(b) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 50(3)

143 Included revaluation method gain or loss U.K.

(1) The underlying profits of a member of a multinational group are to be adjusted so as to include any relevant revaluation method gain or loss.

(2) “Relevant revaluation method gain or loss” means a gain or loss, before making any adjustment to reflect tax expense amounts, arising as a result of the use of an accounting method or practice that—

(a) periodically adjusts the carrying value of the member’s property, plant and equipment to its fair value,

(b) records the changes in value in other comprehensive income, and

(c) does not subsequently report the gains or losses through the profit and loss account.

(3) In this Part—

• “other comprehensive income”, in relation to a member of a multinational group, means items of income and expense that are recognised, in the underlying profits accounts, outside the profit and loss account;

• “property, plant and equipment” has the meaning given, for the time being, by International Accounting Standard 16.

144 Adjustments for asymmetric foreign currency income and losses U.K.

(1) This section only applies in relation to a member of a multinational group where its accounting currency and its tax currency are different.

(2) Where—

(a) the member has a gain or a loss as a result of fluctuations in the exchange rate between its accounting currency and its tax currency, and

(b) the gain or loss is reflected differently in its taxable income and in the determination of its underlying profits (including where it is not reflected at all in one of those),

the member’s underlying profits are to be adjusted so that the gain or loss is reflected in those profits on the same basis it is reflected in its taxable income.

(3) Where—

(a) the member has a gain or a loss as a result of fluctuations in the exchange rate between its accounting currency and a third currency,

(b) the gain or loss is reflected in its underlying profits, and

(c) the gain or loss is not reflected, or is reflected to a different extent, in its taxable income,

the member’s underlying profits are to be adjusted to exclude that gain or loss.

(4) Where—

(a) the member has a gain or a loss as a result of fluctuations in the exchange rate between its tax currency and a third currency, and

(b) the income or loss is not reflected, or is reflected to a different extent, in its underlying profits,

the member’s underlying profits are to be adjusted so that the gain or loss is fully reflected in those profits (whether or not it is reflected in its taxable income).

(5) In this Part—

• “accounting currency” means the currency of the main economic environment in which a member of a multinational group operates;

• “tax currency” means the currency in which the profits of that member are determined for the purposes of determining its liability to covered taxes in the territory in which it is located;

• “third currency” means any currency which is neither the accounting currency nor the tax currency of the member;

• “taxable income” means income subject to, and determined for the purposes of, covered taxes.

145 Exclusion of expenses for illegal payments, fines and penalties U.K.

(1) Where the underlying profits of a member of a multinational group reflects—

(a) expenses accrued for illegal payments (for example, bribes or kickbacks), or

(b) expenses accrued for fines or penalties of 50,000 euros or more,

those profits are to be adjusted to exclude those expenses.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1)(a), a payment is illegal if the making of that payment is, or forms part of conduct which is, an offence under the law of—

(a) the United Kingdom,

(b) the territory of the member, or

(c) the territory of the ultimate parent.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (1)(b), where more than one fine or penalty is accrued in respect of the same conduct, or for continuing conduct, those fines or penalties are to be aggregated.

146 Adjustment for changes in accounting policies and prior period errors U.K.

Where there has been a change to the net assets and liabilities of a member of a multinational group at the start of an accounting period, the underlying profits of that member for that period are to be adjusted to include the amount of that change if the change is attributable to—

(a) a change in accounting policy that affects income or expenses included in determining the member’s adjusted profits, or

(b) a correction of an error reflected in the determination, for the purposes of this Part, of the adjusted profits of the member for a previous accounting period, except to the extent the [F32 error results in a recalculation under section 217(5) (post filing adjustments of covered taxes)].

Textual Amendments

F32 Words in s. 146(b) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 6

[F33 147 Accrued pension expense U.K.

(1) This section applies in an accounting period where a member of a multinational group—

(a) has made contributions to a pension fund in the period,

(b) has received amounts from the pension fund in the period, or

(c) otherwise has amounts of income or expense relating to the pension fund reflected in its underlying profits.

(2) Take the amount of income or expense (expressed as a negative number where expense) that has arisen directly in respect of the fund as reflected in the member’s underlying profits and—

(a) add the sum of contributions made to the fund by the member in the period, and

(b) subtract any amount received by the member from the fund in the period.

(3) If the result of subsection (2)—

(a) is more than nil, reduce the underlying profits by that result, or

(b) is less than nil, increase the underlying profits by that result (as expressed a positive number).]

Textual Amendments

F33 S. 147 substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 7

[F34 147A Treatment of tax credits U.K.

(1) The underlying profits of a member of a multinational group, and the covered tax balance of that member (see Chapter 5), are to be adjusted (if necessary) to secure that—

(a) qualifying refundable tax credits are accounted for as income rather than as tax expense,

(b) tax credits that are marketable transferable tax credits in relation to the member are accounted for as income rather than as tax expense, and

(c) other tax credits are accounted for as tax expense rather than as income.

(2) Section 148 sets out when tax credits are qualifying refundable tax credits.

(3) Section 148A sets out the meaning of “transferable tax credit” and “marketable transferable tax credit”.

(4) Sections 148B and 148C set out rules about the value of marketable transferable tax credits.

(5) Sections 176A to 176C (in Chapter 5) set out rules about the value of tax credits that are not marketable transferable tax credits but which are transferable or were transferred (and which as a result of subsection (1)(c) are generally to be accounted for as tax expense).

(6) See also sections 176D to 176F which contain special rules for tax credits received in under a tax equity partnership arrangement.]

Textual Amendments

F34 S. 147A inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 8(1)

148 [F35 Meaning] of qualifying refundable tax credits U.K.

F36 (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(2) A refundable tax credit is “qualifying” to the extent that, under the law of the territory in which it is given, it entitles a person to receive (by way of payment or discharge of liability) the amount of the refundable tax credit within 4 years of meeting the conditions for receiving it.

(3) But a refundable tax credit is never qualifying if it is creditable or refundable pursuant to a qualified refundable imputation tax or a disqualified refundable imputation tax (see section 253).

(4) In this Part “refundable tax credit” means a tax credit which—

(a) after any liability to covered taxes has been reduced or discharged by it, or

(b) in the absence of any F37 ... liability to covered taxes,

is payable in cash or cash equivalents (which for these purposes includes by way of discharge against a liability to a tax which is not a covered tax).

Textual Amendments

F35 Word in s. 148 heading substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 8(2)(a)

F36 S. 148(1) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 8(2)(b)

F37 Word in s. 148(4)(b) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 8(2)(c)

[F38 148A Transferable tax credits U.K.

(1) A tax credit is a transferable tax credit in relation to a member of a multinational group if—

(a) the member is—

(i) the person to whom the credit was originally granted (“the originator”), or

(ii) a person (“a purchaser”) who has acquired the credit (whether from the originator or anyone else), and

(b) the transferability condition is met in relation to the member.

(2) A transferable tax credit is a marketable transferable tax credit in relation to a member of a multinational group if—

(a) it is a transferable tax credit, and

(b) the marketable condition is met in relation to the member.

(3) Those conditions are met differently depending on whether the member is the originator or a purchaser.

(4) The transferability condition is met—

(a) in relation to the originator if, under the law of the territory in which the credit was granted, credits of that type may be transferred to a person or entity that is not connected with originator before the end of 15 months after the end of the accounting period in which the credit is granted, and

(b) in relation to a purchaser if, under the law of that territory, credits of that type may be transferred to a person or entity that is not connected with the purchaser—

(i) under the same or similar conditions as would apply to the originator, and

(ii) before the end of the accounting period in which it was transferred to the purchaser.

(5) The marketable condition is met—

(a) in relation to the originator, if—

(i) the credit is transferred to a person or entity that is not connected with the originator before the end of 15 months of the accounting period in which the credit was granted at a price equal to or in excess of 80% of its net present value, or

(ii) similar credits are traded between persons or entities that are not connected to each other before the end of 15 months of the accounting period in which they are granted, and are typically traded at a price equal to or in excess of 80% of their net present value, and

(b) in relation to a purchaser, if the purchaser acquired the credit from a person or entity that is not connected to the purchaser at a price equal to or in excess of 80% of its net present value.

(6) Subsections (7) and (8) apply for the purposes of determining the net present value of a tax credit.

(7) In making that determination, assume that the entity that holds it will be able to use it in the accounting periods in which it may be used.

(8) The discount rate to be used in making that determination is to be determined by reference to the return on debt instruments that are issued by the government of the territory in which the credit was granted—

(a) that have—

(i) the same, or a similar, maturity to the period over which the credit is to be used, or

(ii) in a case in which the credit is to be used over a period exceeding 5 years, a maturity of 5 years, and

(b) that are issued—

(i) in relation to a credit that has been transferred, in the accounting period in which the credit was transferred, or

(ii) in relation to a credit held that has not been transferred, in the accounting period in which it was granted.

(9) References in subsections (6) and (8) to an accounting period are—

(a) in relation to determining net present value in connection with determining whether the marketable condition is met by the originator, an accounting period of the originator, and

(b) in relation to determining net present value in connection with determining whether the marketable condition is met by a purchaser, an accounting period of the purchaser.

(10) Where a transferable tax credit is also a qualifying refundable tax credit, it is to be treated as not being a transferable tax credit for the purposes of this Part.]

Textual Amendments

F38 Ss. 148A-148C inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 8(3)

[F38 148B Value of marketable transferable tax credits: originator U.K.

(1) The underlying profits of a member of a multinational group that is the originator in relation to a marketable transferable tax credit are to be adjusted to secure that the value of marketable transferable tax credits it holds, and has held, as originator are reflected as follows.

(2) Where the credit is not transferred before the end of 15 months after the end of the accounting period in which it was granted, the full value of the credit is to be recognised as income.

(3) Where the credit is subsequently transferred for consideration which is less than the value of the credit, the difference between the value of the credit and the consideration received for its transfer is to be recognised as a loss in the accounting period in which it is transferred.

(4) Where the credit is transferred before the end of 15 months after the end of the accounting period in which the credit is granted, the consideration for the transfer (rather than the value of the credit) is to be recognised as income.

(5) Where the credit has not been transferred, and was not fully used, before its expiry, the value of so much of the credit as has not been used is to be reflected as a loss in the accounting period in which the credit expired.]

Textual Amendments

F38 Ss. 148A-148C inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 8(3)

[F38 148C Value of marketable transferable tax credits: purchaser U.K.

(1) The underlying profits of a member of a multinational group that is the purchaser in relation to a marketable transferable tax credit are to be adjusted to secure that the value of marketable transferable tax credits it holds, and has held, as purchaser are reflected as follows.

(2) On using an amount of the credit in an accounting period, the amount given by subsection (3) is to be recognised as income.

(3) That amount is the amount given by multiplying—

(a) the amount used divided by the full value of the credit, by

(b) the amount given by subtracting the purchase price of the credit from the full value of the credit.

(4) On transferring the credit, the amount in subsection (5) is to be reflected in the underlying profits for the accounting period in which the transfer occurred—

(a) if positive, as a gain, or

(b) if negative, as a loss.

(5) That amount is the amount given by subtracting—

(a) the sum of—

(i) the purchase price of the credit, and

(ii) any amounts recognised as income in accordance with subsection (2) (whether in that accounting period or a previous accounting period), from

(b) the sum of—

(i) the amount of the credit that has been used, and

(ii) the consideration for the transfer.

(6) Where the credit has not been transferred, and was not fully used, before its expiry, the amount in subsection (7) is to be reflected as a loss in the accounting period in which the credit expired.

(7) That amount is the amount given by subtracting—

(a) the amount of the credit that was used, from

(b) the sum of the purchase price of the credit and any amounts recognised in accordance with subsection (2).]

Textual Amendments

F38 Ss. 148A-148C inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 8(3)

149 Arm’s length requirement for certain transactions U.K.

(1) Subsection (6) applies to a member of a multinational group if any of Conditions A to D are met.

(2) Condition A is that—

(a) a debit is recorded in the underlying profits accounts of the member that arises from a transaction (“the relevant transaction”) comprising a transfer of an asset between the member and another member of that group,

(b) both members are located in the same territory, and

(c) the relevant transaction is not recorded on an arm’s length basis.

(3) Condition B is that—

(a) the member is party to a transaction (“the relevant transaction”) with another member of that group,

(b) both members are located in the same territory,

(c) one of the members is a minority owned member and the other is not, and

(d) the relevant transaction is not recorded in the member’s underlying profits accounts on an arm’s length basis.

(4) Condition C is that—

(a) the member is party to a transaction (“the relevant transaction”) with another member of that group,

(b) both members are located in the same territory,

(c) one of the members is an investment entity and the other is not, and

(d) the relevant transaction is not recorded in the member’s underlying profits accounts on an arm’s length basis.

(5) Condition D is that—

(a) the member is party to a transaction (“the relevant transaction”) with another member of that group,

(b) both members are located in the same territory, and

(c) the recorded value of the relevant transaction is not the same in each member’s underlying profits accounts.

(6) Where this subsection applies to a member of a multinational group, the underlying profits of [F39 both that member and the other member] are to be adjusted to secure that the relevant transaction is reflected on an arm’s length basis.

(7) In this Part “arm’s length basis”, in relation to a transaction between members of the same multinational group, means reflecting the conditions of the transaction as would have been obtained had the transaction been conducted between independent enterprises in a comparable transaction under comparable circumstances.

Textual Amendments

F39 Words in s. 149(6) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 50(4)

150 Transactions between members of a multinational group: differences with accounting for tax U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) a transaction between two members of a multinational group located in different territories is not recorded in the same amount, or is not recorded on an arm’s length basis (or is not recorded at all), in the underlying profits accounts of both of those members, and

(b) there is a permanent difference in respect of the transaction in relation to one or both of those members as a result of adjustments to the taxable income of the member made in connection with transfer pricing.

(2) Subsection (3) applies if—

(a) for each member there is a permanent difference in respect of the transaction which arises as a result of adjustments made in connection with transfer pricing, and

(b) the permanent difference for each member corresponds to the permanent difference for the other.

(3) Where this subsection applies, the underlying profits of each of the members are to be adjusted so that the amount of the transaction reflects the amount reflected in the member’s taxable income.

(4) Subsection (5) applies if—

(a) one of the members (“A”) is a high tax member,

(b) there is a permanent difference for A in respect of the transaction which arises as a result of adjustments made in connection with transfer pricing, and

(c) there is no permanent difference for the other member (“B”) in respect of the transaction arising as a result of adjustments made in connection with transfer pricing.

(5) Where this subsection applies—

(a) the underlying profits of A are to be adjusted so that the amount of the transaction reflects the amount reflected in the member’s taxable income, and

(b) an adjustment is to be made to the underlying profits of B which corresponds with the amount of the adjustment made to the profits of A.

(6) For the purposes of this section, a member of a multinational group is a high tax member for an accounting period (“the relevant period”) if—

(a) the nominal tax rate [F40 that applies to the member] is, or exceeds, 15% in the relevant period, and

(b) the effective tax rate of the standard members of that group in [F41 the territory in which the member is located] is, or exceeds, 15% in either, or both, of the accounting period that immediately preceded the relevant period and the accounting period immediately before that one.

[F42 (6A) But—

(a) for the purposes of subsection (6)(b), ignore any accounting period in which there was no standard member of the group in that territory to which the Pillar Two rules applied, and

(b) a standard member of a multinational group is always to be regarded as a high tax member for an accounting period if a transitional safe harbour election applies to it for that period.]

(7) In this section reference to a “permanent difference” is to a difference between the treatment of an amount for the purposes of covered taxes and for accounting purposes that is not eliminated over time (and accordingly does not give rise to deferred tax).

Textual Amendments

F40 Words in s. 150(6)(a) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 50(5)(a)(i)

F41 Words in s. 150(6)(b) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 50(5)(a)(ii)

F42 S. 150(6A) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 50(5)(b)

151 Adjustments for companies in distress U.K.

(1) This section applies to a member of a multinational group [F43 for an accounting period] where—

(a) it is released from an obligation to pay a debt (however that obligation arises), F44 ...

[F45 (aa) that release is reflected in the underlying profits of the member for that period,]

(b) at the time of that release, one or more of the circumstances mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (c) of subsection (2) applied to it [F46 , and

(c) the filing member of the group elects that this section should apply to the member for that period.]

(2) Those circumstances are—

(a) that the member meets an insolvency condition mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (e) of section 322(6) of CTA 2009 (release of debts);

(b) that—

(i) it is reasonable to suppose that within 12 months, ignoring any debts owed to persons and entities that are connected to the member, the member will be unable to meet its debts to persons and entities it is not connected to as they fall due, and

(ii) the member has obtained an independent expert opinion confirming that is the case;

(c) that the member’s liabilities exceed its assets.

(3) Where the circumstance in subsection (2)(a) applies to the member, its underlying profits are to be adjusted to exclude any profits arising as a result of the release of the debt obligation.

(4) Where—

(a) the circumstance in subsection (2)(b) applies to the member,

(b) the circumstance in (2)(a) does not, and

(c) the debt—

(i) is not a debt owed to a person or entity that is connected to the member, or

(ii) the debt is owed to a person or entity that is connected to the member, but the release of the debt obligation can reasonably be regarded as part of arrangements to secure the solvency of the member that involve the release of debt owed to a person that is not connected to the member,

the member’s underlying profits are to be adjusted to exclude any profits arising as a result of the release of the debt obligation.

(5) Subsection (6) applies where—

(a) the circumstance in subsection (2)(c) applies to the member,

(b) neither the circumstance in subsection (2)(a) nor (2)(b) applies to the member, and

(c) the debt is not a debt owed to a person or entity that is connected to the member.

(6) Where this subsection applies, the underlying profits of the member are to be adjusted to exclude the lesser of—

(a) the amount of any profits arising as a result of the release of the debt obligation,

(b) if, as a result of the release of the debt obligation, the member’s assets exceed its liabilities, the amount by which its liabilities exceeded its assets immediately before the release, and

(c) if, in determining the member’s liability to tax, some or all of the profits arising as a result of the release of the debt obligation are offset by [F47 local tax attributes], the amount of those profits that are offset.

[F48 (6A) For the purposes of subsection (6)(c) “local tax attributes” means any tax attributes (which may include foreign tax credits) of the member that are recognised under the law of the territory in which the member is located (whether or not such tax attributes are excluded from the member’s covered tax balance).]

[F49 (7) Where more than one debt is released at the same time, the debts released are to be treated as a single aggregate amount for the purpose of assessing whether conditions in this section are met (for example, whether the member’s assets exceed its liabilities at any time).]

[F50 (8) Paragraph 2 of Schedule 15 (annual elections) applies to an election under subsection (1)(c).]

Textual Amendments

F43 Words in s. 151(1) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 9(2)(a)

F44 Word in s. 151(1) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 9(2)(b)

F45 S. 151(1)(aa) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 9(2)(c)

F46 S. 151(1)(c) and word inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 9(2)(d)

F47 Words in s. 151(6)(c) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 9(3)

F48 S. 151(6A) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 9(4)

F49 S. 151(7) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 9(5)

F50 S. 151(8) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 9(6)

152 Adjustments where life assurance business carried on U.K.

(1) This section applies to a member of a multinational group that carries on a life assurance business.

(2) Where amounts charged to the member’s policyholders for taxes payable by the member are reflected in its underlying profits, those profits are to be adjusted to exclude such of those amounts as would (had they not been charged to the policyholders) have [F51 been included in the member’s covered tax balance].

(3) Where returns to the member’s policyholders are not reflected in the member’s underlying profits but corresponding increases or decreases in the liability of the member to the policyholders are so reflected, those profits are to be adjusted so as to reflect those returns to the extent they correspond with those increases or decreases in liability.

[F52 (4) In this section “life assurance business” means—

(a) a life assurance business within the meaning of section 56 of FA 2012, or

(b) a business regulated as a life assurance business under the law of a territory outside the United Kingdom.]

Textual Amendments

F51 Words in s. 152(2) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 10(2)

F52 S. 152(4) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 10(3)

153 Exclusion of certain insurance reserve movement expense U.K.

(1) The underlying profits of a member of a multinational group that is an insurance company are to be adjusted so as to exclude any expense resulting from the movement of its insurance reserves where the movement is economically matched by excluded dividends [F53 falling within section 141(2)(b)] (ignoring the extent to which those dividends also reflect any investment management fees).

(2) The underlying profits of a member of a multinational group that is an insurance company are to be adjusted so as to exclude any expense resulting from the movement of its insurance reserves where the movement is economically matched by an excluded equity gain or loss.

Textual Amendments

F53 Words in s. 153(1) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 11

154 Exclusion of qualifying intra-group financing arrangement expenses U.K.

(1) Where—

(a) the underlying profits of the member of a multinational group for an accounting period reflect expenses attributable to a qualifying intra-group financing arrangement that could be reasonably expected, over the expected duration of the arrangement, to—

(i) increase the amount of expenses taken into account in calculating the member’s underlying profits, and

(ii) not result in a corresponding increase in the taxable income of a member of the group that is a high tax member for that period,

(b) the member is a low tax member for that period, and

(c) the expenses are not required to be included as a result of section 155,

the member’s underlying profits for that period are to be adjusted to exclude those expenses.

(2) In this section—

• “intra-group financing arrangement” means an arrangement between two or more members of a multinational group under which a member (member A) directly or indirectly provides credit or otherwise makes an investment in another member (member B);

• an intra-group financing arrangement is “qualifying” if member A is a high tax member and member B is a low tax member;

• a member of a multinational group is a “low tax member” in an accounting period if the effective tax rate for the standard members of the group located in the member’s territory for that period would, ignoring intra-group financing arrangements, be less than 15%;

• a member of a multinational group is a “high tax member” in an accounting period if the effective tax rate for the standard members of the group located in the member’s territory would, ignoring intra-group financing arrangements, be 15% or more.

155 Qualifying tier one capital U.K.

(1) Where amounts recognised by a member of a multinational group as a decrease to its equity in an accounting period that is attributable to distributions paid or payable in respect of qualifying tier one capital issued by the member are not reflected in its underlying profits for that period as expenses, those profits are to be adjusted to reflect those amounts as expenses.

(2) Where amounts recognised by a member of a multinational group as an increase to its equity in an accounting period that is attributable to distributions received or receivable in respect of qualifying tier one capital held by the member are not reflected in its underlying profits for that period as income, those profits are to be adjusted to reflect those amounts as income.

(3) In this section “qualifying tier one capital” means an instrument issued by an entity pursuant to regulatory requirements applicable to the banking or insurance sector that is convertible to equity or written down if a pre-specified trigger event occurs and that has other features which are designed to aid loss absorbency in the event of a financial crisis.

156 Exclusion of international shipping profits U.K.

(1) Where the underlying profits of a member of a multinational group for an accounting period reflect the inclusion of international shipping profits, the member’s underlying profits for that period are to be adjusted to exclude those profits.

(2) The member’s international shipping profits for the period are the sum of the member’s—

(a) core international shipping profits (see section 157), and

(b) ancillary international shipping profits (see section 158).

(3) Subsection (1) does not apply if, in the period, the strategic and commercial management of any ship used in international shipping giving rise to those profits is not effectively carried on within the territory in which the member is located.

(4) In this section, and in sections 157 and 158—

• “international shipping” means the transportation of passengers or cargo by ship between different territories;

• “transportation” does not include towing or dredging.

157 Core international shipping profits U.K.

(1) A member’s core international shipping profits for a period are the member’s core international shipping revenue for the period less the member’s core international shipping costs for the period.

(2) A member’s core international shipping revenue is all revenue earned by the member in consideration for the member’s performance of core international shipping activities.

(3) A member’s core international shipping costs are the sum of—

(a) all costs incurred by the member that are directly attributable to the member’s performance of core international shipping activities, and

(b) all costs incurred by the member that are indirectly attributable to the member’s performance of core international shipping activities multiplied by the core international shipping factor.

(4) The core international shipping factor is the member’s core international shipping revenue divided by all revenue earned by the member from any source.

(5) An activity is a core international shipping activity if it is of a type referred to in subsection (6).

(6) The types of activity are—

(a) carrying out international shipping, whether alone or in conjunction with another person;

(b) leasing as lessor a ship to be used for international shipping, where—

(i) the ship is leased fully equipped, crewed and supplied, or

(ii) the lessee is a member of the same multinational group and the purpose of the lease is to allow that member to carry out a core international shipping activity;

(c) arranging for another person to carry out international shipping under slot-chartering arrangements;

(d) the sale of a ship used in international shipping, where the ship has been held for use by the member for at least one year.

158 Ancillary international shipping profits U.K.

(1) A member’s ancillary international shipping profits for a period are the member’s ancillary international shipping revenue for the period, less—

(a) the member’s ancillary international shipping costs for the period, and

(b) the member’s ancillary international shipping profit cap adjustment for the period.

(2) A member’s ancillary international shipping revenue is all revenue earned by the member in consideration for the member’s performance of ancillary international shipping activities.

(3) A member’s ancillary international shipping costs are the sum of—

(a) all costs incurred by the member that are directly attributable to the member’s performance of ancillary international shipping activities, and

(b) all costs incurred by the member that are indirectly attributable to the member’s performance of ancillary international shipping activities multiplied by the ancillary international shipping factor.

(4) The ancillary international shipping factor is the ancillary international shipping revenue divided by all revenue earned by the member from any source.

(5) An activity is an ancillary international shipping activity if—

(a) it is of a type referred to in subsection (6), and

(b) it is performed primarily in connection with international shipping.

(6) The types of activity are—

(a) leasing as lessor a ship to be used for international shipping, where—

(i) the ship is not leased fully equipped, crewed and supplied,

(ii) the lessee is a third party, and

(iii) the lease has not been in effect for a period exceeding three years, or entered into on terms that would result in the lease being in effect for such a period;

(b) selling tickets for a domestic leg of an international voyage carried out by a third party;

(c) leasing as lessor a container of a kind used for international shipping;

(d) storing such a container for a short period, including by leasing as lessor space for the storage of such a container by another person;

(e) providing support services (see subsection (7)(e)) to persons engaged in international shipping;

(f) holding assets necessary for the member to carry out a core international shipping activity;

(g) the disposal of emissions allowances it is necessary for the member to hold in order to carry out international shipping.

(7) For the purposes of subsection (6)—

(a) “third party”, in relation to a member of a multinational group, means a person that is not—

(i) the member, or

(ii) a member of the same multinational group;

(b) “domestic leg of an international voyage” means the transportation of passengers or cargo by ship between two locations in a single territory in circumstances where the ship’s overall voyage has proceeded from or will continue to a different territory;

(c) a lease of a ship is in effect for the period in which the practical effect of that lease and any associated arrangements (including any other lease) is that a person is in the position of a lessee of the ship, whether or not the lease or any other document expressly provides that the person is a lessee of the ship for the whole of that period;

(d) “lessee”, in relation to a ship, means the person referred to in paragraph (c);

(e) “support services” means engineering, maintenance, cargo handling, catering and customer relations services.

(8) The member’s ancillary international shipping profit cap adjustment is to be calculated by taking the following steps—

• Step 1

  Determine the “cap threshold” in accordance with Steps 2 to 5.

• Step 2

  Calculate the core international shipping profits for each member of the group in the territory.

• Step 3

  Add together the amounts calculated at Step 2.

• Step 4

  If the result of Step 3 is nil or less, the cap threshold is nil. Otherwise, proceed to Step 5.

• Step 5

  Divide the result of Step 3 by two. This is the cap threshold.

• Step 6

  Calculate the ancillary international shipping profits for each member of the group in the territory (ignoring the requirement to subtract the ancillary international shipping profit cap adjustment).

• Step 7

  Add together the amounts calculated at Step 6.

• Step 8

  Subtract the cap threshold from the result of Step 7. If the result is nil or less, the member’s ancillary international shipping profit cap adjustment is nil. Otherwise, proceed to Step 9.

• Step 9

  If the ancillary international shipping profits for the member calculated at Step 6 are nil or less, the member’s ancillary international shipping profit cap adjustment is nil. Otherwise, proceed to Step 10.

• Step 10

  Add together any positive ancillary international shipping profits calculated at Step 6.

• Step 11

  Divide the ancillary international shipping profits for the member calculated at Step 6 by the result of Step 10.

• Step 12

  Multiply the result of Step 8 by the result of Step 11. This is the member’s ancillary international shipping profit cap adjustment.

Adjustments only applicable to permanent establishments U.K.

159 Permanent establishment income and expense attribution U.K.

(1) Where a member of a multinational group is a permanent establishment falling within paragraph (a) of section 232(2) (entity treated as permanent establishment in accordance with tax treaty), its underlying profits are to be adjusted so that they [F54 —

(a) reflect all amounts of income and expense that are attributable to it in accordance with the tax treaty under which it is treated as a permanent establishment, and

(b) do not reflect amounts attributable to its main entity in accordance with that treaty.]

(2) Where a member of a multinational group is a permanent establishment falling within paragraph (b) of section 232(2) (permanent establishment taxed on similar basis to residents in absence of tax treaty), its underlying profits are to be adjusted so that they [F55 —

(a) reflect all amounts of income and expense that are attributable to it in accordance with the law of the territory in which the member is located, and

(b) do not reflect amounts attributable to its main entity in accordance with the law of that territory.]

(3) Where a member of a multinational group is a permanent establishment falling within paragraph (c) of section 232(2) (permanent establishment located in territory without corporate income tax), its underlying profits are to be adjusted so that they [F56 —

(a) reflect all amounts of income and expense that would be attributed to it in accordance with Article 7 of the OECD tax model, and

(b) do not reflect amounts that would be attributed to its main entity in accordance with the OECD tax model.]

[F57 (4) Amounts are to be reflected (or, as the case may be, not reflected) in the underlying profits of a permanent establishment in accordance with subsections (1) to (3) whether or not—

(a) in the case of an amount of income, it is subject to tax or not, or

(b) in the case of an amount of expense, it is deductible or not.]

Textual Amendments

F54 S. 159(1)(a)(b) substituted for words (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 12(2)

F55 S. 159(2)(a)(b) substituted for words (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 12(3)

F56 S. 159(3)(a)(b) substituted for words (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 12(4)

F57 S. 159(4) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 12(5)

160 Attribution of losses between permanent establishment and main entity U.K.

(1) Subsection (2) applies where, on determining (ignoring this section) the adjusted profits of a member of a multinational group that is a permanent establishment for an accounting period (“the relevant period”), that member has a loss.

(2) So much of that loss as—

(a) is treated as an allowable expense of the main entity for the purposes of the computation of tax in the territory in which the main entity is located, and

(b) is not set off against an item of income that is subject to tax under the laws of both the territory of the permanent establishment and the territory of the main entity,

is to be treated as an expense of the main entity for the purposes of determining the adjusted profits of the main entity for the relevant period.

(3) Subsections (4) and (5) apply where an amount (“the relevant amount”) is treated as an expense of the main entity for the purposes of determining its adjusted profits for the relevant period as a result of subsection (2).

(4) The relevant amount is to be excluded from the adjusted profits of the permanent establishment for the relevant period.

(5) Where, on determining (ignoring this section) the adjusted profits of the permanent establishment for an accounting period after the relevant period, the permanent establishment has made a profit for that period, those profits are to be treated as income of the main entity for the purpose of determining that entity’s adjusted profits for that period.

(6) But subsection (5) only applies until the total amount treated as income of the main entity as a result of that subsection is equal to the relevant amount.

(7) Where profits of the permanent establishment for an accounting period are treated as income of the main entity as a result of subsection (5), those profits are to be excluded from the adjusted profits of the permanent establishment for that period.

Elections to treat certain amounts differently U.K.

161 Election to use realisation principle U.K.

(1) The filing member of a multinational group may elect that all of the group’s members in a territory, or all of the group’s members in that territory that are investment entities, are to use the realisation principle in determining gains and losses in relation to—

(a) all assets and liabilities that are subject to fair value or impairment accounting, or

(b) tangible assets that are subject to fair value accounting or impairment accounting.

(2) Where such an election is in force in relation to members of multinational group in a territory—

(a) the underlying profits of each of the group’s members for each of the accounting periods in respect of which the election is in force are to be adjusted so as to exclude gains and losses in respect of assets or liabilities to which the election applies that are attributable to fair value or impairment accounting;

(b) the carrying value of an asset or liability to which the election applies to be used for the purposes of determining gains or losses in respect of that asset or liability, is to be its carrying value at the later of—

(i) the commencement of the first accounting period of the multinational group to which the election applied, or

(ii) the time the asset was acquired or the liability was incurred.

(3) Paragraph 1 of Schedule 15 (long term elections) applies to an election under this section.

(4) Where an election under this section has been revoked, the underlying profits of each member of a multinational group in respect of which the election was in force are to be adjusted in the first accounting period in respect of which the election no longer applies (“the revocation period”) by adjusting for the change in treatment of the assets and liabilities that were subject to the election and that remain held by the member at the commencement of the revocation period.

(5) To adjust the underlying profits of a member of a multinational group for the change in treatment of an asset or liability subject to an election under this section, subtract the carrying value of that asset or liability as determined in accordance with subsection (2)(b) from the fair value of the asset or liability at the commencement of the revocation period and—

(a) if the amount given is positive, add it to those profits, or

(b) if the amount is negative, subtract it from those profits.

162 Election to reflect deductions for stock-based compensation U.K.

(1) The filing member of a multinational group may make an election under this section for the members of the group located in a territory to adjust their underlying profits in accordance with subsection (2).

(2) Where such an election has effect—

(a) the underlying profits of each such member is adjusted by substituting, for the amount of any expense for stock-based compensation, the amount that was allowed as a deduction for the same expense when calculating the member’s taxable income, and

(b) where such a member has an expense for stock-based compensation that arises in connection with an option that expires without exercise, the underlying profits of that member for the accounting period in which the option expires are to be increased by such amount of that expense as was an expense in determining the member’s adjusted profits for a previous accounting period.

(3) Where—

(a) the underlying profits of a member of a multinational group are adjusted in accordance with subsection (2) in respect of an amount of stock-based compensation,

(b) some expenses in respect of that compensation were recorded in the underlying profits of the member in one or more accounting periods before the election had effect, and

(c) the sum of the expenses recorded in those periods exceeds the sum of what those expenses would have been had the election been in effect for those periods,

the member’s adjusted profits are to be adjusted to include the amount of that excess as if it were income.

(4) Paragraph 1 of Schedule 15 (long term elections) applies to an election under this section.

(5) Where—

(a) the underlying profits of a member of a multinational group are adjusted in accordance with subsection (2),

(b) the election is revoked before all of the stock-based compensation has been paid, and

(c) the sum of amounts deducted in accordance with subsection (2) exceeds the sum of the financial account expense accrued that has been paid,

the member’s adjusted profits are to be adjusted to include the amount of that excess as if it were income.

163 Election to spread certain capital gains over five years U.K.

(1) The filing member of a multinational group may elect that the net gain in respect of the disposal of local tangible assets by standard members of the group in a territory in an accounting period (“the election period”) is to be spread across that period and the preceding 4 accounting periods ([F58 and those preceding periods are referred to collectively as] “the look-back period”) in accordance with subsection (2).

(2) To spread the net gain across those periods take the following steps—

• [F59 Step 1

  For each standard member of the group in the territory in the first accounting period of the look-back period (“the carry-back period”), determine whether it has net losses in respect of the disposal of local tangible assets (ignoring any losses in relation to which these steps have previously been carried out).]

• Step 2

  Allocate the proportion of the net gain in the election period to each standard member with such losses in the carry-back period that is equal to the proportion those losses represent of the total losses in respect of the disposal of local tangible assets of all such members of the group in the carry-back period.

• Step 3

  Adjust the underlying profits of each such member by reducing the member’s losses (but not below nil) by the amount allocated to it under Step 2.

• Step 4

  If there remains an amount of the net gain which was not used to reduce members’ losses in accordance with Step 3, carry out Steps 1 to 3 again, but as if—

  (a)

  the reference in Step 2 to the net gain were to that amount, and

  (b)

  the reference to the first accounting period of the look-back period were to the second accounting period of the look-back period.

• Step 5

  If there still remains an amount of the net gain which was not used to reduce the members’ losses, carry out Steps 1 to 3 again but as if—

  (a)

  the reference in Step 2 to the net gain were to that amount, and

  (b)

  the reference to the first accounting period of the look-back period were to the third accounting period of the look-back period.

• Step 6

  If there still remains an amount of the net gain which was not used to reduce the members’ losses, carry out Steps 1 to 3 again but as if—

  (a)

  the reference in Step 2 to the net gain were to that amount, and

  (b)

  the reference to the first accounting period of the look-back period were to the fourth accounting period of the look-back period.

• Step 7

  If there still remains an amount of the net gain which was not used to reduce the members’ losses, carry out Steps 1 to 3 again but as if—

  (a)

  the reference in Step 2 to the net gain were to that amount, and

  (b)

  the reference to the first accounting period of the look-back period were to the election period.

• Step 8

  If there still remains an amount of the net gain which was not used to reduced the members’ losses, divide the amount remaining by 5.

• [F60 Step 9

  Determine which of the standard members of the group (“current gain members”) located in the territory have net gains from the disposal of local tangible assets in the election period.

  A current gain member is not to be regarded as a current gain member in any accounting period in which—

  (a)

  it is not a standard member of the group, or

  (b)

  it is not located in the territory.

• Step 10

  For the election period and each accounting period that is in the look-back period, adjust the underlying profits for that period (“the adjustment period”) of each current gain member by adding the amount given by multiplying—

  (a)

  the result of Step 8, by

  (b)

  the amount given by dividing—

  (i)

  the net gains of the current gain member from the disposal of local tangible assets in the election period, by

  (ii)

  the sum of net gains from the disposal of local tangible assets in the election period of all current gain members in the adjustment period.

• Step 11

  Where there are no current gain members in an accounting period in the look-back period, adjust the underlying profits for that period of each standard member located in the territory for that period by adding the amount given by multiplying—

  (a)

  the result of Step 8, by

  (b)

  the amount given by dividing 1 by the number of standard members of the group in the territory in that accounting period.

• Step 12

  Where there are no standard members of the group in the territory in one or more accounting periods in the look-back period, further adjust the underlying profits for the election period of each current gain member by adding the amount given by multiplying—

  (a)

  the result of Step 8 multiplied by the number of accounting periods in the look-back period in which no standard members of the group were located in the territory, by

  (b)

  the amount given by dividing—

  (i)

  the net gains of the current gain member from the disposal of local tangible assets in the election period, by

  (ii)

  the sum of net gains from the disposal of local tangible assets in the election period of all current gain members.]

(3) For the purposes of this section any gain or loss arising from the transfer of assets between F61 ... members of a multinational group is to be ignored.

(4) Where, as a result of an election under this section, the underlying profits of a member of a multinational group in an accounting period is adjusted, the following are to be recalculated for that period—

(a) the effective tax rate for the member and the other members of that group located in the same territory, and

(b) the top-up amounts that those members would have.

(5) Section 206—

(a) makes provision about the consequences of a recalculation (which may include the generation of an additional top-up amount), and

(b) applies to recalculations under subsection (4).

(6) Where an election under this section has effect in relation to a member of a multinational group, any amount of tax with respect to any gains or loss in respect of the disposal of local tangible assets in the election year is to be excluded from the calculation of the member’s covered tax balance.

(7) Paragraph 2 of Schedule 15 (annual elections) applies to an election under this section.

(8) In this section “local tangible asset” means immovable property in the same territory as the member disposing of it is located.

Textual Amendments

F58 Words in s. 163(1) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 13(2)

F59 Words in s. 163(2) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 13(3)(a)

F60 Words in s. 163(2) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 13(3)(b)

F61 Word in s. 163(3) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 13(4)

164 Election to exclude intra-group transactions U.K.

(1) The filing member of a multinational group may elect that standard members of the group that are located in the same territory and are included in a tax consolidation group are to apply the consolidated accounting treatment of the ultimate parent to eliminate income, expenses, gains and losses arising from transactions between those members.

(2) Where an election under this section has effect—

(a) the underlying profits of those members are to be adjusted accordingly in the accounting periods for which the election has effect, and

(b) the underlying profits of those members are to be adjusted for the first accounting period for which the election has effect so as to ensure that there are no duplications or omissions of items of income, expenses, gains or losses arising from the making of the election.

(3) Paragraph 1 of Schedule 15 (long term elections) applies to an election under this section.

(4) Where an election under this section is revoked, the underlying profits of the members to whom the election applied are to be adjusted in the first accounting period in which the revocation has effect so as to ensure that there are no duplications or omissions of items of income, expenses, gains or losses arising from the revocation of the election.

(5) For the purposes of this section, members of a multinational group in a territory are included in a “tax consolidation group” if under the law of that territory the income, expenses, gains or losses of those members may for tax purposes be aggregated, surrendered to each other or otherwise shared or transferred between them as a result of a connection between those members.

165 Election to have excluded equity gains and losses included U.K.

(1) The filing member of a multinational group may elect that qualifying excluded equity gains or losses of the standard members of the group in a territory are to be treated as not being excluded equity gains or losses for the purposes of section 142.

(2) Excluded equity gains or losses are “qualifying” if

[F62 (a) either—]

[F63 (i)] those gains or losses are subject to covered taxes (as taxable gains or allowable losses) in that territory, or

[F63 (ii)] in the case of gains or losses falling within section 142(2)(a) that are not subject to covered taxes in that territory, gains or losses on the disposal of the qualifying interest in question are subject to covered taxes in that territory [F64 , and

(b) in the case of gains or losses falling within section 142(2)(b), the gains or losses are not in respect of an interest to which section 142(3) applies.]

(3) Paragraph 1 of Schedule 15 (long term elections) applies to an election under subsection (1).

(4) But a revocation of the election under that paragraph does not have effect in relation to equity gains or losses in respect of an ownership interest if—

(a) any member’s adjusted profits have included a loss in respect of that ownership interest as a result of subsection (1), and

(b) that loss would otherwise have been excluded from those profits as a result of section 142(1).

Accordingly, subsection (1) will apply to equity gains and losses in respect of that ownership interest even after the election is revoked.

Textual Amendments

F62 Words in s. 165(2) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 50(6)(a)

F63 S. 165(2)(a)(b) become s. 165(2)(a)(i)(ii) (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 50(6)(b)

F64 S. 165(2)(b) and word inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 50(6)(c)

166 Election in relation to hedging currency risk in ownership interests U.K.

(1) The filing member of a multinational group may elect that the underlying profits of a member of the group specified in the election are to be adjusted to exclude qualifying gains or losses arising from fluctuations in exchange rates.

(2) A gain or loss arising from fluctuations in exchange rates is “qualifying” to the extent—

(a) the gain or loss is attributable to an instrument intended to act as a hedge against currency risk in ownership interests held by the member or another member of the group, other than an ownership interest in an entity falling within subsection (3),

(b) the gain or loss is recognised in other comprehensive income in the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent,

(c) the instrument is considered an effective net investment hedge under the authorised accounting standard upon which those statements are prepared,

(d) where the instrument is held by the member, the economic and accounting effect of the hedge has not been transferred to any other entity, and

(e) where the instrument is not held by the member, the economic and accounting effect of the hedge has been transferred to the member.

(3) An ownership interest in an entity held by a member of a multinational group falls within this subsection if the members of that group do not, between them, have qualifying interests that entitle them to 10% or more of the entity’s —

(a) profits,

(b) capital,

(c) reserves, and

(d) voting rights.

(4) Paragraph 1 of Schedule 15 (long term elections) applies to an election under this section.

Dealing with transparency and entities subject to qualifying dividend regime U.K.

167 Underlying profits of hybrids U.K.

(1) This section applies where a member of a multinational group (“M”)—

(a) is not regarded as tax transparent in the territory in which it is located, and

(b) is regarded as tax transparent in a territory in which a member of the group with an ownership interest in it (“G”) is located.

(2) Where—

(a) the adjusted profits of G reflect profits of M, and

(b) the basis for the profits of M being so reflected is that M (along with any other entities through which G holds that interest) is regarded as tax transparent in the territory in which G is located,

such profits as are reflected on that basis are to be allocated to M (and included in the adjusted profits of M to the extent not already included) and excluded from the adjusted profits of G.

168 Underlying profits of transparent and reverse hybrid entities U.K.

(1) This section applies where a member of a multinational group (“M”) is a flow-through entity.

(2) An entity is a flow-through entity if—

(a) it is regarded as tax transparent in the territory in which it is created, and

(b) it is not subject to a covered tax on its profits in another territory [F65 as a result of being tax resident in that territory].

(3) A proportion of the underlying profits of M is to be allocated to each entity [F66 or individual] (“O”) with an ownership interest in M in relation to which condition A or B is met.

(4) The proportion to be allocated to O is equal to the proportional ownership interest O has in M in relation to which condition A or B is met (subject to subsection (7)).

(5) Condition A is that—

(a) O is not regarded as tax transparent in the territory in which O is located,

(b) M is regarded as tax transparent in the territory in which O is located, and

(c) if O’s ownership interest in M is an indirect ownership interest in M—

(i) each entity through which O holds that interest is regarded as tax transparent in the territory in which O is located, and

(ii) this condition is not met in relation to any other entity through which O’s indirect ownership interest in M is held.

(6) Condition B is that—

(a) O is [F67 an entity that is] a reverse hybrid entity,

(b) M is regarded as tax transparent in the territory in which O is located, and

(c) if O’s ownership interest in M is an indirect ownership interest—

(i) each entity through which it is held is regarded as tax transparent in the territory in which O is located, and

(ii) neither condition A nor this condition is met in relation to any other entity through which O’s indirect ownership interest in M is held.

(7) Where—

(a) underlying profits of M are allocated to an entity (“H”) as a result of it meeting condition B, and

(b) underlying profits of M are allocated to an entity (“J”) as a result of it meeting condition A in relation to an ownership interest it holds through H,

the underlying profits to be allocated to H are to be reduced by the profits allocated to J.

(8) Where underlying profits of M are allocated to a member of the group of which M is a member, those profits are to be included in the member’s adjusted profits and excluded from the adjusted profits of M.

[F68 (9) Where underlying profits of M—

(a) are allocated to an individual or an entity that is not a member of the group of which M is a member, or

(b) would be allocated to such an individual or entity if M were regarded as tax transparent in the territory in which the individual or entity is located,

those profits are to be excluded from the adjusted profits of M.]

(10) Any amount of M’s underlying profits not allocated to an entity [F69 or an individual] in accordance with this section is to be included in the adjusted profits of M.

(11) For the purposes of this section, an entity (“R”) is a “reverse hybrid entity” if R is regarded as tax transparent in the territory in which it [F70 was created, R is not tax resident in any territory] and there is a territory—

(a) in which an entity with a direct ownership interest in R is located, and R is regarded in that territory as not being tax transparent, or

(b) in which an entity with an indirect ownership interest in R is located, and—

(i) R is regarded in that territory as not being tax transparent, and

(ii) each entity through which that ownership interest is held is regarded in that territory as tax transparent.

[F71 (12) For the purposes of applying this section in relation to a multinational group whose ultimate parent is a flow-through entity, the ultimate parent is to be treated as if it were not regarded as tax transparent in the territory in which it is located.]

Textual Amendments

F65 Words in s. 168(2)(b) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 14(2)

F66 Words in s. 168(3) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 14(3)

F67 Words in s. 168(6)(a) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 14(4)

F68 S. 168(9) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 14(5)

F69 Words in s. 168(10) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 14(6)

F70 Words in s. 168(11) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 14(7)

F71 S. 168(12) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 14(8)

169 Certain non tax resident entities to be treated as flow-through entities U.K.

(1) This section applies to a member of a multinational group that—

(a) is not tax resident in any territory,

(b) is not subject to covered taxes,

(c) does not have a place of business in the territory where it is created, and

(d) is not regarded as tax transparent in the territory in which it is created.

(2) A member of a multinational group to which this section applies is to be treated as being regarded as tax transparent in the territory it is created to the extent that—

(a) it is tax transparent in the territory in which its owners are located, and

(b) its income, expenditure, profits and losses are not attributable to a permanent establishment.

(3) Accordingly, such a member is to be treated as a flow-through entity.

170 Adjustments for ultimate parent that is a flow-through entity U.K.

(1) Where—

(a) the ultimate parent of a multinational group is a flow-through entity, and

(b) on determining its adjusted profits for an accounting period (ignoring this section), it has made a profit for that period,

those profits are to be further adjusted so as to exclude any amount of its profits that is qualifying.

(2) An amount of profits is qualifying if—

(a) it represents an amount of the ultimate parent’s profits to which the holder of [F72 a direct ownership interest] in the ultimate parent is entitled as a result of that interest, and

(b) condition A, B or C is met.

[F73 (2A) Where profits are allocated to the ultimate parent as a result of section 168 (underlying profits of transparent and reverse hybrid entities), those profits are to be regarded, for the purposes of this section, as profits to which holders of ownership interests in the ultimate parent are entitled (to each in proportion to the proportion of those profits to which they would have been entitled had those profits actually accrued to the ultimate parent).]

(3) Condition A is that the holder of the ownership interest is subject to tax on the amount for a taxable period that ends within 12 months of the accounting period of the group and—

(a) the holder is subject to tax on the full amount of the ultimate parent’s profits to which it is entitled at a nominal rate equal to, or in excess of, 15%, or

(b) it is reasonable to expect that the sum of—

(i) the covered taxes payable by the ultimate parent in respect of the amount of the ultimate parent’s profits to which the holder is entitled, and

(ii) taxes payable by the holder of the ownership interest in respect of the amount of the ultimate parent’s profits to which the holder is entitled,

is equal to, or more than, 15% of the amount of the profits of the ultimate parent to which the holder of the interest is entitled.

(4) Condition B is that the holder of the ownership interest is an individual that—

(a) is tax resident in the territory of the ultimate parent, and

(b) does not hold ownership interests that together entitle the person to more than 5% of the profits and assets of the ultimate parent.

(5) Condition C is that the holder of the ownership interest is a governmental entity, an international organisation, a non-profit organisation or a pension fund that—

(a) is located in the territory of the ultimate parent, and

(b) does not hold ownership interests that together entitle that entity to more than 5% of the profits and assets of the ultimate parent.

(6) Where the adjusted profits of the ultimate parent of a multinational group for an accounting period are reduced as a result of subsection (1), its covered tax balance (see section 174) is—

(a) in the case of a positive covered tax balance, to be reduced by the same proportion that the underlying profits were reduced, or

(b) in the case of a negative covered tax balance, to be increased by that same proportion.

(7) Where—

(a) the ultimate parent of a multinational group is a flow-through entity,

(b) on determining its adjusted profits for an accounting period (ignoring this section), it has made a loss for that period,

those profits are to be further adjusted so as to exclude any disqualified amount of that loss.

(8) An amount of that loss is disqualified if the holder of an ownership interest in the ultimate parent is allowed to use that amount in computing the holder’s taxable income.

(9) This section applies to a member of a multinational group as it applies to the ultimate parent if the member is—

(a) a permanent establishment through which the ultimate parent wholly or partly carries out its business, if the ultimate parent is a flow-through entity, or

(b) a permanent establishment through which the business of a flow-through entity is carried out, if the ultimate parent’s interest in that entity is held directly or through one or more entities all of which are regarded as tax transparent in the territory in which the ultimate parent is located.

Textual Amendments

F72 Words in s. 170(2) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 14(9)(a)

F73 S. 170(2A) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 14(9)(b)

171 Ultimate parent subject to qualifying dividend regime U.K.

(1) Where—

(a) the ultimate parent of a multinational group that is subject to a qualifying dividend regime distributes a qualifying dividend within 12 months of the end of its accounting period, and

(b) on determination of its adjusted profits for the period, it has made a profit,

its adjusted profits for that period are to be reduced (but not below nil) by the amount of that dividend if any one of conditions A to C is met.

(2) Condition A is that the qualifying dividend is subject to tax in the hands of the dividend recipient for a taxable period that ends within 12 months of the end of the ultimate parent’s accounting period and—

(a) its recipient is subject to tax on the full amount of the dividend at a nominal rate equal to, or in excess of, 15%,

(b) it is reasonable to expect that the sum of the adjusted covered taxes payable by the ultimate parent in respect of the profits represented by the dividend and taxes payable by the dividend recipient in respect of the dividend income is at least the amount given by multiplying the amount of that income by 15%, or

(c) the ultimate parent is a supply cooperative and the recipient is an individual.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2) patronage dividends made by a supply cooperative are subject to tax to the extent they reduce an expense or cost that is deductible in the computation of the recipient’s taxable income.

(4) Condition B is that the recipient of the qualifying dividend is an individual that—

(a) is tax resident in the territory of the ultimate parent, and

(b) does not hold ownership interests in the ultimate parent held directly, or through entities that are regarded as tax transparent in the territory in which the individual is tax resident, that together entitle the individual to more than 5% of the profits and assets of the ultimate parent.

(5) Condition C is that the recipient of the qualifying dividend is located in the territory of the ultimate parent and is—

(a) a governmental entity,

(b) an international organisation,

(c) a non-profit organisation, or

(d) a pension fund that is not a pension services entity.

(6) Where the underlying profits of the ultimate parent of a multinational group for an accounting period are reduced as a result of subsection (1)—

(a) its covered tax balance, excluding any tax in respect of which a deduction for the dividend was allowed, is—

(i) in the case of a positive covered tax balance, to be reduced by the same proportion that underlying profits were reduced, or

(ii) in the case of a negative covered tax balance, to be increased by that same proportion, and

(b) its adjusted profits are to be further reduced by an amount equal to the amount by which its covered tax balance was adjusted under paragraph (a).

(7) References in this section to “the recipient” of a qualifying dividend means—

(a) the direct recipient of the qualifying dividend, or

(b) an entity or individual with ownership interests in the direct recipient if—

(i) in the case of an entity, it is located in a territory in which the direct recipient, and every entity through which that ownership interest is held, is regarded as tax transparent, or

(ii) in the case of an individual, they are tax resident in a territory in which the direct recipient, and every entity through which that ownership interest is held, is regarded as tax transparent.

(8) Where there is more than one recipient of a dividend as a result of paragraph (b) of subsection (7)—

(a) this section is to be applied separately in relation to each recipient,

(b) where a recipient falls within that paragraph, references to the dividend is to so much of the dividend to which that recipient is entitled to as a result of its ownership interests in the direct recipient.

But a reduction of adjusted profits may not be made more than once in respect of a dividend or a part of it (where more than one individual or entity can be regarded as a recipient of the whole dividend or a part of it).

(9) For the purposes of this section and section 172—

• “qualifying dividend regime” means a tax regime designed to result in a single level of taxation on the owners of an entity through—

  (a)

  a deduction from the income of the entity for distributions of profits to the owners,

  (b)

  a regime where certain of the profits (“the relevant profits”) of a UK REIT or overseas REIT equivalent are not taxed provided a sufficient proportion of the relevant profits is distributed, or

  (c)

  a regime applicable to a supply cooperative that exempts the cooperative from taxation on profits in connection with its distribution of patronage dividends;

• “qualifying dividend” means—

  (a)

  in the case of a qualifying dividend regime falling within paragraph (a) of the definition of qualifying dividend regime, a dividend or other distribution made to an owner of the entity,

  (b)

  in the case of a qualifying dividend regime falling within paragraph (b) of the definition of qualifying dividend regime, a dividend or other distribution which would count towards satisfying the condition that a sufficient proportion of the relevant profits of the UK REIT or overseas REIT equivalent have been distributed (assuming that condition had not already been met), or

  (c)

  in the case of a qualifying dividend regime falling within paragraph (c) of the definition of qualifying dividend regime, a patronage dividend;

• “supply cooperative” means a cooperative that acquires goods or services and sells them to its members or patrons;

• “cooperative” means an entity that collectively markets or acquires goods or services on behalf of its members and that is subject to a tax regime in the territory in which it is located that is designed to ensure tax neutrality in respect of—

  (a)

  property or services of the members sold through the cooperative, or

  (b)

  property or services acquired by members through the cooperative;

• “patronage dividend” means a distribution by a cooperative to its members.

172 Application of section 171 to members in the same territory as the ultimate parent U.K.

(1) Subsection (2) applies to a distribution of a qualifying dividend by a member of a multinational group where conditions X and Y are met.

(2) Where this subsection applies, subsections (1) and (6) of section 171 apply to the distribution made by the member as it applies to a distribution by the ultimate parent in relation to which one of conditions A to C in that section apply.

(3) Condition X is that the member—

(a) is located in the same territory as the ultimate parent,

(b) the member and the ultimate parent are subject to the same qualifying dividend regime,

(c) all of the ultimate parent’s ownership interests in the member are—

(i) direct, or

(ii) held solely through other members of the group who are located in that territory and subject to the regime.

(4) Condition Y is that—

(a) the distribution of the qualifying dividend is made—

(i) to the ultimate parent, or

(ii) to one of the members referred to in subsection (3)(c)(ii),

(b) in the case of a distribution made to the ultimate parent, the whole of the qualifying dividend is distributed by the ultimate parent and one of the conditions A to C in section 171 applies to each of the distributions made from the qualifying dividend, and

(c) in the case of a distribution made to one of the members referred to in subsection (3)(c)(ii)—

(i) the whole of the dividend is distributed to the ultimate parent, or to one of the members referred to in that subsection provided the whole amount is eventually distributed to the ultimate parent via one or more further distributions to members referred to in that subsection, and

(ii) the ultimate parent distributes the whole of the dividend and one of conditions A to C in section 171 applies to each of the distributions made from the qualifying dividend.

(5) For the purposes of this section, it is to be assumed that —

(a) where the ultimate parent, or a member referred to in subsection (3)(c)(ii), has received the whole of the qualifying dividend, but has also received other distributions or has other income, any subsequent distribution by the ultimate parent or member is funded first by the qualifying dividend and then by any other amounts, and

(b) where the ultimate parent receives amounts from members referred to in subsection (3)(c)(ii), those amounts fund distributions that meet one of conditions A to C in section 171 before distributions that do not.

Chapter 5 U.K. Covered tax balance

Amount of covered taxes U.K.

173 Covered taxes U.K.

(1) The following are covered taxes in relation to a member of a multinational group—

(a) taxes on profits of that member (including, where it has direct or indirect ownership interests in another member of the group, taxes on its share of the income or profits of that other member),

(b) taxes imposed on the member under an eligible distribution tax system,

(c) taxes imposed on the member as a substitute for a tax on profits that generally applies in the territory [F74 in which the tax is imposed], and

(d) taxes charged by reference to the capital of a company, or by reference to its capital and profits.

(2) But none of the following are to be regarded as covered taxes—

(a) multinational top-up tax, or any tax equivalent to multinational top-up tax;

(b) a qualifying domestic top-up tax (see section 256);

(c) a qualifying undertaxed profits tax (see section 257);

(d) a disqualified refundable imputation tax (see section 253);

(e) where the member carries on a life assurance business, taxes in respect of which amounts were charged to the member’s policyholders.

Textual Amendments

F74 Words in s. 173(1)(c) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 15

174 Amount of covered tax balance U.K.

(1) To determine the covered tax balance of a member of a multinational group for an accounting period—

• Step 1

  Determine the amount of the qualifying current tax expense accrued by the member for that period.

• Step 2

  Determine whether any amounts need to be excluded from that expense under section 175 (and adjust it accordingly).

• Step 3

  Determine whether any amounts need to be reflected in that expense under section 176 (and adjust it accordingly).

• Step 4

  If any amount of covered taxes is taken into account more than once in the covered tax balance expense, adjust it so that the amount is only taken into account once.

(2) For the purposes of this Part, current tax expense is to be expressed—

(a) as a positive number where it represents an expense, and

(b) as a negative number where it represents a credit.

(3) If the result of subsection (1) is a negative amount that amount (expressed as a positive number) is a “negative covered tax balance”.

(4) If the result of subsection (1) is a positive amount, or nil, that amount is a “positive covered tax balance”.

(5) In this Part—

• references to the “covered tax balance” of a member of a multinational group are to a positive covered tax balance or a negative covered tax balance;

• “qualifying current tax expense” means the amount of the current tax expense as reflected in the member’s underlying profits to the extent the expense relates to covered taxes.

175 Amounts excluded from covered tax balance U.K.

(1) The amounts referred to in subsection (2) are to be excluded from a member of a multinational group’s qualifying current tax expense (to the extent they would otherwise be included).

(2) Those amounts are as follows—

(a) any amount that relates to income or gains that are not included in the member’s adjusted profits;

(b) any amount that relates to an uncertain tax position;

(c) any amount of credit or refund in respect of a qualifying refundable tax credit [F75 , or in respect of a marketable transferable tax credit,] that is recorded as a reduction of qualifying current tax expense;

(d) any amount that is not expected to be paid before the end of the period of three years commencing with the first day after the end of the accounting period;

(e) any amount allocated to another member of the multinational group in accordance with this Part;

(f) any amount excluded under section 180(3)(b) (blended CFC regime).

Textual Amendments

F75 Words in s. 175(2)(c) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 8(4)

176 Amounts to be reflected in covered tax balance U.K.

(1) The amounts referred to in subsection (2) are to be reflected in a member of a multinational group’s qualifying current tax expense (to the extent they were not already reflected).

(2) Those amounts are as follows—

(a) any amount of covered taxes reflected in the member’s underlying profits but which (ignoring this paragraph) is not reflected in the qualifying current tax expense;

(b) the total deferred tax adjustment amount (see section 182);

(c) any amount of covered taxes paid, or refunded, in the current accounting period that relates to an uncertain tax position where the amount was excluded under section 175(2)(b) for a previous accounting period;

(d) any amount of credit or refund in respect of a tax credit (whether refundable or not) that—

(i) is not a qualifying refundable tax credit [F76 or a marketable transferable tax credit], and

(ii) has not been reflected in its qualifying current tax expense in the current accounting period or a previous accounting period (see section 148);

(e) any amount of covered taxes refunded or credited to the member, other than a qualifying refundable tax credit [F77 or a marketable transferable tax credit];

(f) where section 187(5) applies in relation to the member, the amount of special loss deferred tax assets used, in accordance with section 187(7), by the member for the current accounting period;

(g) any amount of covered taxes recorded in other comprehensive income of the member relating to amounts included in determining its adjusted profits that are subject to covered taxes under the law of the territory in which the member is located;

(h) any amount of covered taxes relating to an amount reflected in the member’s adjusted profits as a result of section 146 (adjustment for changes in accounting polices and prior period errors);

(i) any amount allocated to the member from another member of the multinational group.

(3) For the purposes of this Part—

(a) an amount of tax paid or tax expense is to be expressed as a positive number, and

(b) an amount of tax credit or refund is to be expressed as a negative number.

Textual Amendments

F76 Words in s. 176(2)(d)(i) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 8(5)(a)

F77 Words in s. 176(2)(e) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 8(5)(b)

[F78 Transferable tax credits U.K.

Textual Amendments

F78 Ss. 176A-176C and cross-heading inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 8(6)

176A Meaning of “non-marketable transferable tax credits” U.K.

(1) Sections 176B and 176C make provision about “non-marketable transferable tax credits”.

(2) A tax credit held by a member of a multinational group that is the originator of the credit is a non-marketable transferable tax credit if—

(a) it may be transferred to another person or entity, and

(b) it is neither a marketable transferable tax credit nor a qualifying refundable tax credit.

(3) A tax credit held by a member of a multinational group as a purchaser of the credit is a non-marketable transferable tax credit if it is neither a marketable transferable tax credit nor a qualifying refundable tax credit.

(4) In this section and in sections 176B and 176C “originator” and “purchaser” are to be construed in accordance with section 148A(1)(a).

176B Value of non-marketable transferable tax credits: originator U.K.

(1) The covered tax balance of a member of a multinational group that holds a non-marketable transferable tax credit as originator is to be adjusted to secure that the value of the credit is reflected as follows.

(2) The value of the tax credit is to be reflected as it is used.

(3) If the credit is transferred (after the end of the period of 15 months after the accounting period in which the credit is granted), the consideration for the transfer is to be reflected as a credit in the accounting period in which the transfer occurred.

176C Value of non-marketable transferable tax credits: purchaser U.K.

(1) The covered tax balance of a member of a multinational group that holds a non-marketable transferable tax credit as purchaser is to be adjusted to secure that the value the credit is reflected as follows.

(2) On using an amount of the credit, the amount given by subsection (3) is to be reflected as a credit in the covered tax balance for the accounting period in which it is used.

(3) That amount is the amount given by multiplying—

(a) the amount used divided by the full value of the credit, by

(b) the amount given by subtracting the purchase price of the credit from the full value of the credit.

(4) On transferring the credit, the amount in subsection (5) is—

(a) if positive, to be reflected as a credit in the covered tax balance for the accounting period in which the transfer occurred, or

(b) if negative, to be reflected as a loss in the underlying profits of the member for that period.

(5) That amount is the amount given by subtracting—

(a) the sum of—

(i) the purchase price of the credit, and

(ii) any amounts recognised reflected in the covered tax balance in accordance with subsection (2) (whether in that accounting period or a previous accounting period), from

(b) the sum of—

(i) the amount of the credit that has been used, and

(ii) the consideration for the transfer.

(6) Where the credit has not been transferred, and was not fully used, before its expiry, the amount in subsection (7) is to be reflected as a loss in the underlying profits of the member for the accounting period in which the credit expired.

(7) That amount is the amount given by subtracting—

(a) the amount of the credit that was used, from

(b) the sum of the purchase price of the credit and any amounts recognised in accordance with subsection (2).]

[F79 Tax equity partnerships U.K.

Textual Amendments

F79 Ss. 176D-176F and cross-heading inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 16(1)

176D Tax credits etc allocated under tax equity partnerships U.K.

(1) Where—

(a) a member of a multinational group is an investor in a tax equity partnership arrangement, and

(b) an election under section 165 (excluded equity gains and losses included) applies in relation to the member for an accounting period,

qualifying flow-through tax benefits provided to the member under that arrangement in that period are to be excluded from the covered tax balance of that member for that period.

(2) “Flow-through tax benefits” means tax credits, other than qualifying refundable tax credits, and the value of amounts of tax deductible losses made available to be used by an investor in a tax equity partnership arrangement under that arrangement (whether or not those credits or losses are used by the investor).

(3) Section 176E (proportional amortisation method) applies for the purposes of determining the extent to which flow-through tax benefits are “qualifying” where—

(a) in determining the underlying profits of the investor, the proportional amortisation method is used to account for the arrangement, or

(b) the filing member of the multinational group of which the investor is a member has elected that section 176D should apply for those purposes in relation to the member.

(4) Otherwise, section 176F (subtraction method) applies for those purposes.

(5) For the purposes of this Part, a member of a multinational group is an investor in a tax equity partnership arrangement if—

(a) the member has made an investment in an entity that is tax transparent in the territory in which the member is located,

(b) the investment is treated as an equity interest for tax purposes in the territory in which the member is located,

(c) the investment would, under an authorised accounting standard of the territory in which the entity operates, be treated as an equity interest,

(d) the entity is not a member of the multinational group, and

(e) it is reasonable to expect, at the time of making the investment, that the return on the investment would be negative in the absence of the provision of flow-through tax benefits.

(6) But a member of a multinational group is not to be regarded as an investor in a tax equity partnership arrangement if—

(a) the investment in the entity does not represent a genuine economic interest in that entity such that the member is exposed to the possibility of a loss on the investment, or

(b) the territory in which the member is located limits the use of tax equity partnership arrangements to arrangements that involve a multinational group subject to multinational top-up tax or its equivalent under the law of a territory outside the United Kingdom.

(7) Flow-through tax benefits provided to a member of a multinational group in an accounting period that are not qualifying are to be reflected as a credit in the covered tax balance for that period.

(8) Flow-through tax benefits (whether qualifying or not) provided to a member of a multinational group are not to be reflected in the underlying profits of that member, even if that would be the effect of the election under section 165.

(9) For the purposes of subsection (3)(a), the “proportional amortisation method” means a method of accounting under which—

(a) the initial capital investment in the arrangement is amortised over the term of the investment with the amortisation expense for an accounting period based on the proportion of the flow-through tax benefits expected to be provided over the term of the arrangement that are expected to be provided in that period, and

(b) the difference between the flow-through tax benefits received in an accounting period and that amortisation expense for that period is reflected as tax expense.

(10) For the purposes of this section and sections 176E and 176F, the value of an amount of tax deductible losses made available to be used by an investor is given by multiplying the amount multiplied by the tax rate that applies to the investor.

(11) Paragraph 2 of Schedule 15 (annual elections) applies to an election under subsection (3)(b).

176E Flow-through tax benefits: proportional amortisation method U.K.

(1) Where this section applies, to determine the extent to which flow-through tax benefits provided to an investor in an accounting period under a tax equity partnership arrangement are qualifying, take the following steps—

• Step 1

  Determine the amount of capital investment provided by the investor to the arrangement at its commencement.

• Step 2

  Divide the flow-through through tax benefits provided under the arrangement in the accounting period by the total flow-through tax benefits expected to be provided over the whole term of the arrangement.

• Step 3

  Multiply the result of Step 1 by the result of Step 2.

• Step 4

  Add the following together—

  (a)

  the amounts, if any, of tax credits made available to be used by the investor under the arrangement in the accounting period;

  (b)

  the value of the amounts, if any, of tax deductible losses made available to be used by the investor under the arrangement in the accounting period;

  (c)

  the amounts, if any, of distributions made to the investor in the accounting period;

  (d)

  the amounts, if any, received by the investor for the sale of any part of its investment in the arrangement in the accounting period.

• Step 5

  If the result of Step 3 is equal to or greater than the result of Step 4, all of the flow-through tax benefits provided under the arrangement in the accounting period are qualifying.

  Otherwise proceed to Step 6.

• Step 6

  Subtract the result of Step 3 from the result of Step 4.

• Step 7

  The amount of the flow-through benefits provided under the arrangement in the accounting period that is qualifying is the amount given by reducing the amount of those benefits (but not below nil) by the result of Step 6.

(2) Accordingly, the amount by which those benefits are reduced in accordance with Step 7 represents non-qualifying flow-through tax benefits which are to be reflected as a credit in the investor’s covered tax balance.

176F Flow-through tax benefits: subtraction method U.K.

Where this section applies, to determine the extent to which flow-through tax benefits provided to an investor in an accounting period under a tax equity partnership arrangement are qualifying, take the following steps—

• Step 1

  Determine the amount of capital investment provided by the investor to the arrangement at its commencement.

• Step 2

  Subtract the following from that amount—

  (a)

  the amounts, if any, of tax credits made available to be used by the investor under the arrangement since the commencement of the arrangement, other than tax credits that are not qualifying refundable tax credits that were made available in the accounting period;

  (b)

  the value of the amounts, if any, of tax deductible losses made available to be used by the investor under the arrangement since its commencement, other than losses made available in the accounting period;

  (c)

  the amounts, if any, of distributions made to the investor since the arrangement’s commencement;

  (d)

  the amounts, if any, received by the investor for the sale of any part of its investment in the arrangement.

• Step 3

  If the result of Step 2 is nil or less, no flow-through tax benefits provided under arrangement in the accounting period are qualifying.

  If the result of that step is more than nil, proceed to Step 4.

• Step 4

  Subtract the flow-through tax benefits provided to the investor in the accounting period under the arrangement from the result of Step 2.

• Step 5

  If the result of Step 4 is nil or greater, all of the flow-through tax benefits provided under the arrangement in the accounting period are qualifying.

  Otherwise, the amount of those benefits that is qualifying is the amount of those benefits that when subtracted from the result of Step 2 would give a result of nil.]

Allocation of covered taxes U.K.

177 Permanent establishments U.K.

(1) Any amount of qualifying current tax expense included in the underlying profits accounts of a member of a multinational group that is in respect of profits of a permanent establishment is to be allocated to the permanent establishment [F80 (and is to be regarded as qualifying current tax expense of the permanent establishment for the purposes of applying section 175(2)(a))].

(2) Where profits of a permanent establishment are treated as income of the main entity as a result of section 160(5), covered taxes on those profits are to be allocated to the main entity.

(3) But the amount allocated in accordance with subsection (2) is not to exceed the amount given by multiplying the amount of those profits by the highest corporate tax rate on ordinary income in the territory where the main entity is located.

(4) Any deferred tax asset with respect to a loss arising in the territory of a permanent establishment that is treated as an expense of the main entity as a result of section 160(2) is to be ignored in determining the covered tax balance of either the main entity or the permanent establishment.

Textual Amendments

F80 Words in s. 177(1) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 17(1)

178 Reallocation of tax expense U.K.

(1) Where—

(a) profits have been allocated to a member of a multinational group (“O”) under section 167 or 168 (allocation of profits of hybrid, transparent and reverse hybrid entities), and

(b) the member from whom the profits have been allocated has an amount of qualifying current tax expense in respect of those profits,

that qualifying [F81 current] tax expense is to be allocated to O.

[F82 (1A) Where—

(a) a member of a multinational group has an amount of qualifying current tax expense,

(b) that amount is in respect of profits not included in the member’s underlying profits, and

(c) if those profits had been included in the member’s underlying profits, a corresponding amount of adjusted profits would have been allocated to another member of the group (“O”) under section 167 or 168,

that qualifying current tax expense is to be allocated to O (and is to be regarded as qualifying current tax expense of O for the purposes of applying section 175(2)(a)).

(1B) Section 175(2)(a) (exclusion of amounts relating to income or gains not included in adjusted profits) applies to an amount of qualifying current tax expense allocated in accordance with subsection (1) as if—

(a) the reference to the member’s adjusted profits were to the adjusted profits of the member from whom the amount of qualifying current tax expense was allocated, and

(b) profits allocated from that member to O under section 167 or 168 were not excluded from the adjusted profits of that member.]

(2) But the amount of qualifying current tax expense in respect of mobile income allocated to O [F83 (under subsections (1) and (1A))] is not to exceed the amount given by taking the following steps—

• Step 1

  Determine the effective tax rate of the members of the multinational group in the territory of O for the accounting period to which the qualifying current tax expense relates, ignoring that expense.

• Step 2

  Subtract the result of Step 1 from 15%.

• Step 3

  Multiply the result of Step 2 by the amount of mobile income to which the qualifying tax expense relates.

(3) For the purposes of this section and section 179, “mobile income” means income of a type mentioned in subsection (4) in respect of which a member of a multinational group is subject to tax—

(a) under a controlled foreign company tax regime (see section 179(4)), or

(b) as a result of an ownership interest in an entity regarded as tax transparent in the territory the member is located in but not so regarded in the territory in which that entity is located.

(4) Those types of income are—

(a) dividends or dividend equivalents,

(b) interest or interest equivalent,

(c) rent,

(d) a royalty,

(e) an annuity, or

(f) net gains from property of a type that produces income described in paragraphs (a) to (e).

[F84 (5) Where an amount of qualifying current tax expense would have been allocated to O, but the amount allocated is limited as a result of subsection (2) the amount not allocated remains with the member from whom it otherwise would have been allocated.

(6) But if an amount would, ignoring this subsection, remain with the member from whom it would have otherwise been allocated, and that amount relates to income or gains that are not included in the adjusted profits of O, that amount is to be excluded from the covered tax balance of both the member and O.]

Textual Amendments

F81 Word in s. 178(1) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 17(3)

F82 S. 178(1A)(1B) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 17(4)

F83 Words in s. 178(2) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 17(5)

F84 S. 178(5)(6) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 17(6)

179 Controlled foreign company tax regimes U.K.

(1) Where—

(a) a member of a multinational group (“C”) is subject to a controlled foreign company tax regime, and

(b) C has an ownership interest in another member of the group (“F”) that is a [F85 CFC entity] in relation to C,

any amount of qualifying current tax expense included in C’s underlying profits accounts with respect to tax on C’s share of the profits of F are to be allocated to F (to the extent it has not already been allocated as a result of another provision of this Part).

[F86 (1A) Qualifying current tax expense allocated to F is to be regarded as qualifying current tax expense of F for the purposes of applying section 175(2)(a).]

(2) But the amount of qualifying current tax expense in respect of mobile income allocated to F is not to exceed the amount given by taking the following steps—

• Step 1

  Determine the effective tax rate of the members of the multinational group in the territory of F for the accounting period to which the qualifying current tax expense relates, ignoring that expense.

• Step 2

  Subtract the result of Step 1 from 15%.

• Step 3

  Multiply the result of Step 2 by the amount of mobile income to which the qualifying current tax expense relates.

(3) Subsection (1) does not apply to a controlled foreign company tax regime that is a blended CFC regime in accounting periods commencing on or before 31 December 2025 that end on or before 30 June 2027.

[F87 (3A) Where an amount of qualifying current tax expense would have been allocated to F but the amount allocated is limited as a result of subsection (2), the amount not allocated remains with C.

(3B) But if an amount would, ignoring this subsection, remain with C and that amount relates to income or gains that are not included in the adjusted profits of F, that amount is to be excluded from the covered tax balance of both C and F.]

(4) In this Part—

• “controlled foreign company tax regime” means a set of tax rules (other than multinational top-up tax or any tax equivalent to multinational top-up tax) under which an entity with an ownership interest in another entity located in a different territory (“the controlled foreign company”) is subject to current taxation on its share of part or all of the income earned by the controlled foreign company, irrespective of whether that income is distributed currently to it;

• [F88 “CFC entity”, in relation to a member of a multinational group who is subject to a controlled foreign company tax regime, means—

  (a)

  a controlled foreign company in relation to that member,

  (b)

  a permanent establishment of such a controlled foreign company, or

  (c)

  an entity whose profits are treated, for the purposes of the regime, as the profits of such a controlled foreign company;]

• “blended CFC regime” means a controlled foreign company tax regime—

  (a)

  under which the income, losses and creditable taxes of all of the controlled foreign companies of the entity with ownership interests in them are aggregated for the purposes of calculating the entity’s tax liability under the regime,

  (b)

  that does not take into account the income of the entity, or members of a consolidated group of which the entity is a member, that arises in the location of the entity, apart from to the extent the entity may use its losses arising in that location to reduce its liability under the regime, and

  (c)

  which operates by reference to a rate which reflects a threshold for low taxation.

Textual Amendments

F85 Words in s. 179(1)(b) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 18(2)

F86 S. 179(1A) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 17(7)(a)

F87 S. 179(3A)(3B) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 17(7)(b)

F88 Words in s. 179(4) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 18(3)

180 Blended CFC regimes U.K.

(1) This section applies to accounting periods commencing on or before 31 December 2025 that end on or before 30 June 2027.

(2) Subsection (3) applies where—

(a) a member of a multinational group (“C”) is subject to a blended CFC regime in an accounting period (“the relevant period”),

(b) C has an ownership interest in an entity (“F”) that is a F89 ... CFC entity in relation to C, and

(c) the blended CFC allocation key of F is greater than nil.

(3) The appropriate proportion of tax charged to C under that regime (after all deductions and use of any losses) is—

(a) where F is a member of the same multinational group as C, to be allocated to F, or

(b) where F is not a member of that group, to be excluded from the covered tax balance of C.

(4) The appropriate proportion is the proportion given by dividing the blended CFC allocation key for F for the relevant period by the sum of all blended CFC allocation keys for that period of F90 ... CFC entities in which C has an ownership interest.

(5) The blended CFC allocation key for the relevant period of a F91 ... CFC entity that C has an ownership interest in is the amount given by multiplying—

(a) the attributable income of C [F92 in relation to the CFC entity], by

(b) the percentage given by subtracting the applicable effective tax rate of the F93 ... CFC entity for the relevant period from the applicable CFC rate for that period.

(6) But where—

(a) the result of subsection (5)(b) in relation to a F94 ... CFC entity is less than nil, or

(b) the applicable effective tax rate of that entity is greater than 15%,

the blended CFC allocation key for that entity is to be treated as nil.

(7) The attributable income of C [F95 in relation to a CFC entity in which C has an ownership interest] means C’s share of the income of [F96 the entity] for the relevant period determined as it would be determined for the purposes of the blended CFC regime.

(8) The applicable effective tax rate of a F97 ... CFC entity for the relevant period is—

(a) where it is located in a territory in which the effective tax rate of members of the multinational group of which C is a member is calculated for that period, that effective tax rate as it would be calculated if—

(i) any tax arising under a blended CFC regime were ignored, and

(ii) where the blended CFC regime permits foreign tax credit in respect of a qualifying domestic top-up tax on the same basis it would be permitted for covered taxes, that qualifying domestic top-up tax were a covered tax, or

(b) where it is not located in such a territory, the effective tax rate that would be calculated for the relevant period for the F98 ... CFC entities located in that territory in which C has an ownership interest if—

(i) those entities were members of a multinational group whose ultimate parent’s accounting period is the same as the relevant period,

[F99 (ii) the result of Step 2 in section 132(1) for those entities were the aggregate of their profits (and losses) before tax as shown in their financial accounts,

(iia) the combined covered tax balance for those entities were the aggregate of the taxes shown in their financial accounts,]

(iii) any tax arising under a blended CFC regime were ignored, and

(iv) where the blended CFC regime permits foreign tax credit in respect of a qualifying domestic top-up tax on the same basis it would be permitted for covered taxes, that qualifying domestic top-up tax were a covered tax.

(9) The applicable CFC rate for the relevant period means the rate which reflects the threshold for low taxation by reference to which the blended CFC regime is generally operated, taking into account any credit for foreign taxes available under the regime.

F100 (10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F89 Word in s. 180(2)(b) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 18(4)(a)

F90 Word in s. 180(4) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 18(4)(b)

F91 Word in s. 180(5) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 18(4)(c)(i)

F92 Words in s. 180(5)(a) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 19(2)

F93 Word in s. 180(5)(b) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 18(4)(c)(ii)

F94 Word in s. 180(6)(a) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 18(4)(d)

F95 Words in s. 180(7) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 19(3)(a)

F96 Words in s. 180(7) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 19(3)(b)

F97 Word in s. 180(8) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 18(4)(e)(i)

F98 Word in s. 180(8)(b) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 18(4)(e)(ii)

F99 S. 180(8)(b)(ii)(iia) substituted for s. 180(8)(b)(ii) (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 19(4)

F100 S. 180(10) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 18(4)(f)

181 Distributions from other members of a group U.K.

(1) Where qualifying current tax expense in respect of covered taxes accrued in an accounting period in the underlying profits accounts of a member of a multinational group (“R”) is in respect of a distribution received from another member of the group (“D”) in which R has a direct ownership interest, that expense is to be allocated to D.

(2) Reference in subsection (1) to a distribution received is to be treated as including deemed distributions taken account of for the purposes of taxes on a shareholder of an entity in respect of undistributed earnings or capital of the entity.

Dealing with deferred tax assets etc U.K.

182 Total deferred tax adjustment amount U.K.

(1) The total deferred tax adjustment amount for a member of a multinational group for an accounting period is the deferred tax expense relating to covered taxes reflected in the member’s underlying profits, adjusted as follows.

(2) The deferred tax expense is to be adjusted to exclude the following—

(a) any amount of that expense that reflects items not reflected in the member’s adjusted profits;

(b) any amount of that expense that reflects disallowed accruals or unclaimed accruals;

(c) the impact of a valuation adjustment or accounting recognition adjustment with respect to a deferred tax asset;

(d) any amount of that expense arising from a re-measurement with respect to a change in the rate of tax;

(e) any amount of that expense that reflects the generation or use of tax credits (but see section 183 which permits the inclusion of qualifying foreign tax credits).

(3) Where a deferred tax liability is reversed in an accounting period, and that deferred tax liability was treated as an unclaimed accrual in a previous accounting period, the deferred tax expense is to be increased by the amount of the deferred tax liability that has reversed.

(4) Where a deferred tax asset is not reflected in the deferred tax expense only as a result of the recognition criteria not being met, that deferred tax asset is to be reflected in the total deferred tax adjustment amount.

(5) Where the amount of a deferred tax asset is adjusted as a result of section 186, an amount equal to that adjustment is to be reflected in the total deferred tax adjustment amount.

(6) Where an amount of recaptured deferred tax liability (see section 184) that was determined for a previous accounting period is reversed during the accounting period, that amount is to be reflected in the total deferred tax adjustment amount.

(7) Where the deferred tax expense relates to covered taxes where the rate is greater than 15%, the amount of that expense (after adjustment under subsections (2) to (6)) is to be adjusted so that it reflects the amount it would have been had the rate been 15%.

(8) For the purposes of this section—

• “disallowed accrual” means—

  (a)

  any movement in deferred tax expense reflected in the member’s underlying profits which relates to an uncertain tax position, or

  (b)

  any movement in deferred tax expense reflected in those profits which relates to distributions from another member of that group;

• “unclaimed accrual” means an increase in a deferred tax liability reflected in the member’s underlying profits for an accounting period—

  (a)

  that is not expected to be reversed before the end of the fifth accounting period after that period, and

  (b)

  in respect of which the filing member has elected not to include in the total deferred tax adjustment amount for that period.

  Paragraph 2 of Schedule 15 (annual elections) applies to an election not to include an unclaimed accrual in the total deferred tax adjustment amount.

183 Qualifying foreign tax credits (substitute loss carry forward assets) U.K.

(1) A qualifying foreign tax credit of a member of a multinational group is to be included in the member’s total deferred tax adjustment amount.

(2) A foreign tax credit is qualifying if—

(a) the territory in which the member is located—

(i) requires that domestic losses are offset against relevant foreign income before foreign tax credits can be applied against tax on foreign income, and

(ii) permits foreign tax credits to be used to offset tax on domestic profits to the extent to which domestic losses have been offset against relevant foreign income in a previous taxable period,

(b) the member has used a domestic loss to offset (in whole or in part) relevant foreign income, and

(c) the foreign tax credit is in respect of tax imposed by another territory on that foreign income.

(3) The amount that may be included in the total deferred tax adjustment amount of the member is the lesser of—

(a) the foreign tax paid, and

(b) the amount of domestic loss used to offset the relevant foreign income, multiplied by the tax rate [F101 in the territory in which the member is located].

(4) Section 182(7) (adjustment where rate of tax exceeds 15%) applies to a qualifying [F102 foreign] tax credit included in the member’s total deferred tax adjustment amount as it applies to the member’s deferred tax expense.

(5) In this section [F103 and in section 183A] “relevant foreign income”, in relation to a member of a multinational group, means income of a controlled foreign company of the member on which the member is taxed as a result of a controlled foreign company tax regime.

Textual Amendments

F101 Words in s. 183(3)(b) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 20(2)

F102 Word in s. 183(4) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 20(3)

F103 Words in s. 183(5) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 20(4)

[F104 183A Alternative to section 183 where carry forward of credits not permitted U.K.

(1) A special foreign tax asset of a member of a multinational group is to be used to increase its covered tax balance in accordance with this section.

(2) Subsection (3) applies where—

(a) the territory in which a member of a multinational group is located requires that domestic losses are offset against relevant foreign income before foreign tax credits can be applied against tax on foreign income,

(b) the territory limits the extent to which foreign tax credits can be applied against tax in a taxable period,

(c) the territory allows foreign tax credits to be used to a greater extent where a domestic loss has been used to offset (in whole or in part) relevant foreign income in a prior period, and

(d) the member has used a domestic loss to offset (in whole or in part) relevant foreign income.

(3) Where this subsection applies, the member has a special foreign tax asset arising in the accounting period in which the loss was used.

(4) The amount of that special foreign tax asset is the amount of the domestic loss used to offset relevant foreign income multiplied by the lesser of—

(a) the nominal rate of tax in the member’s territory for the taxable period in which it was used, and

(b) 15%.

(5) Where a member of a multinational group has a special foreign tax asset that arose in any previous accounting period, the member is to use that amount to increase its covered tax balance.

(6) The amount of the special foreign tax asset that is to be used in an accounting period is the lesser of—

(a) the amount of the asset, and

(b) so much of the amount of foreign tax credits credited against tax in the taxable period corresponding to that accounting period as is capable of being credited only as a result of the prior use of the domestic loss.

Any remainder continues to be a special foreign tax asset (and is available for use in subsequent account periods where subsection (5) applies).]

Textual Amendments

F104 S. 183A inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 20(5)

184 Recaptured deferred tax liabilities U.K.

(1) A member of a multinational group has a recaptured deferred tax liability if it has a deferred tax liability, other than an excluded liability, taken into account in its total deferred tax adjustment amount for an accounting period (“the initial period”) that is not reversed before the end of the fifth accounting period after the initial period.

(2) Where a member of a multinational group has a recaptured deferred tax liability—

(a) the amount included in the total deferred tax adjustment amount for the initial period in relation to that recaptured deferred tax liability is to be excluded from its covered tax balance for that period, and

(b) the following are to be accordingly recalculated for the initial period—

(i) the effective tax rate for the member and the other members of that group located in the same territory, and

(ii) the top-up amounts that those members would have.

(3) Section 206 applies to recalculations under subsection (2).

(4) For the purposes of subsection (1) “excluded liability” means a tax expense attributable to changes in associated deferred tax liabilities in respect of—

(a) cost recovery allowances on tangible assets,

(b) the cost of a licence or similar arrangement from the government for the use of immovable property or exploitation of natural resources that entails significant investment in tangible assets,

(c) research and development expenses,

(d) de-commissioning and remediation expenses,

(e) fair value accounting on unrealised net gains,

(f) foreign currency exchange net gains,

(g) insurance reserves and insurance policy deferred acquisition costs,

(h) gains from the sale of tangible property located in the same territory as the member that are reinvested in tangible property in the same territory, or

(i) additional amounts accrued as a result of accounting principle changes with respect to things falling within any of paragraphs (a) to (h).

185 Inclusion of existing deferred tax assets and liabilities on entry into regime U.K.

(1) This section applies to deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities of a member of a multinational group as at the beginning of the first accounting period for which Pillar Two rules apply to it that is reflected in its underlying profits accounts (and the adjustments set out in this section apply instead of those set out in section 182(2) to (7)).

(2) Each such asset and liability is to be taken into account in determining the member’s deferred tax expense—

(a) if the nominal tax rate in relation to the asset [F105 or liability]—

(i) is less than 15% and subsection (3) does not apply, at its nominal tax rate,

(ii) is 15% or more, as if the rate of tax to which the asset or liability related was 15%,

(b) in the case of a deferred tax asset, excluding the impact of a valuation adjustment or accounting recognition adjustment with respect to it.

(3) But where—

(a) the nominal tax rate in relation to the asset is less than 15%, and

(b) the member can demonstrate that a deferred tax asset is attributable to the fact of the member having a loss which would have been taken account of in determining adjusted profits had those profits been determined under this Part,

that asset is to be taken into account in determining the member’s deferred tax expense as if the rate of tax to which the asset related was 15%.

(4) Where a deferred tax asset relates to a tax credit neither subsection (2)(a) nor (3) applies.

(5) If the nominal tax rate that applies on the reversal of such a tax asset exceeds 15%, the amount of the reversal is to be treated as if it were the amount given by multiplying—

(a) the amount given by dividing—

(i) the amount of the deferred tax expense in the underlying profits accounts in respect of that deferred tax asset, by

(ii) the nominal tax rate that applied on the reversal, by

(b) 15%.

(6) Subsection (7) applies to a deferred tax asset of a member of a qualifying multinational group that arises—

(a) as a result of a transaction made after 30 November 2021 and before the commencement of the first accounting period for which Pillar Two rules apply to it, and

(b) in relation to an item that either—

(i) is included in the member’s taxable income but which would not be included in the member’s adjusted profits (had those profits been determined under this Part), or

(ii) is not included in the member’s taxable income but which would be included in the member’s adjusted profits (had those profits been determined under this Part).

(7) A deferred tax asset to which this subsection applies is to be ignored in determining the member’s deferred tax expense.

Textual Amendments

F105 Words in s. 185(2)(a) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 51(1)

186 Deferred tax assets recorded at less than minimum rate U.K.

(1) This section applies where the value of a deferred tax asset of a member of a multinational group—

(a) is calculated on the basis of a tax rate of less than 15%, and

(b) is attributable to an accounting period in which the member’s adjusted profits were a loss.

[F106 (2) But this section only applies in relation to a deferred tax asset of the member falling within subsection (1) if the filing member accounts for all such assets of the member in accordance with this section in an information return submitted to HMRC or a qualifying authority (see paragraph 10(5) of Schedule 14).]

(3) Subsection (4) applies where the loss for the accounting period upon which the value of that asset was calculated does not exceed the loss established on determining the member’s adjusted profits for that period.

(4) Where this subsection applies, the asset is to be treated as having the value it would have if the tax rate upon which it was calculated were 15%.

(5) Subsection (6) applies where the loss for the accounting period upon which the value of that asset was calculated exceeds the loss established on determining the member’s adjusted profits for that period.

(6) The relevant part of the asset is to be treated as having the value of a deferred tax asset generated on the loss established on determining the member’s adjusted profits on the basis of a tax rate of 15%.

(7) The “relevant part” of the asset means so much of the asset derived from an amount of loss that does not exceed the loss established on determining the member’s adjusted profits.

F107 (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F106 S. 186(2) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 51(2)(a)

F107 S. 186(8) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 51(2)(b)

187 Election for losses to be treated as special loss deferred tax assets U.K.

(1) The filing member of a multinational group may elect that this section applies to all of the standard members of the group in a particular territory (“the relevant territory”).

(2) An election under subsection (1)—

(a) must be made having effect for the first accounting period in which the Pillar Two rules apply to any standard member in the relevant territory,

(b) may not otherwise be made (and accordingly if the election is revoked it cannot be made again), and

(c) may not be made for a territory that has an eligible distribution tax system.

(3) Where this section applies to the standard members of a multinational group for an accounting period—

(a) none of those members has a total deferred tax adjustment amount for that period, and

(b) if the result of Step 2 in section 132(1) in relation to those members is nil or less (those members between them have made a loss), the amount of that result (expressed as a positive number) multiplied by 15% is a special loss deferred tax asset of those members.

(4) Subsection (5) applies where—

(a) this section applies in relation to the standard members of a multinational group in a territory for an accounting period,

(b) the result of Step 2 in section 132(1) in relation to those members is greater than nil, and

(c) those members have one or more special loss deferred tax assets.

(5) Where this subsection applies, the standard members of the group that have made a profit in that accounting period are to use those assets in that period to increase their covered tax balances in accordance with subsections (6) and (7).

(6) The amount of the special loss deferred tax assets that is to be used is the lesser of—

(a) the amount of the assets, and

[F108 (b) the result of Step 2 in section 132(1) multiplied by 15%.]

Any remainder continues to be a special loss deferred tax asset of the relevant members of the group (and is available for use in subsequent accounting periods [F109 in which the election has effect]).

(7) Each of the standard members that made a profit in that period is to use the proportion of the amount to be used in accordance with subsection (6) that is equal to the proportion the adjusted profits of the member bears to the total adjusted profits of all of the standard members that made a profit.

Textual Amendments

F108 S. 187(6)(b) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 51(3)(a)

F109 Words in s. 187(6) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 51(3)(b)

188 Further provision about elections under section 187 U.K.

(1) Paragraph 1 of Schedule 15 (long term elections) applies to an election under section 187.

(2) But that paragraph has effect for the purposes of such an election as if—

(a) sub-paragraph (4) were omitted (so that there is no restriction on revoking the election), and

(b) sub-paragraph (5) were omitted (as an election under this section cannot be made again once revoked).

Eligible distribution tax systems: deemed taxes U.K.

189 Deemed distribution tax election U.K.

(1) The filing member of a multinational group may make an election that section 190 (deemed distribution tax) applies to all of the standard members of the group in a particular territory for an accounting period.

(2) An election under subsection (1) may only be made in relation to a territory if that territory has an eligible distribution tax system.

(3) In this Part “eligible distribution tax system” means a system of tax on company profits that—

(a) is generally only payable when a company distributes, or is deemed to distribute, those profits to its members, or when it incurs certain non-business expenses,

(b) is charged at a rate of at least 15%, and

(c) was in force on or before 1 July 2021.

(4) Paragraph 2 of Schedule 15 (annual elections) applies to an election under this section.

190 Deemed distribution tax amount U.K.

(1) Where this section applies to the standard members of a multinational group in a territory for an accounting period, those members have a deemed distribution tax amount for that period.

(2) The deemed distribution tax amount is the lesser of—

(a) the amount that, when added to the result of Step 4 in section 132(1), would result in the effective tax rate of those members for that period being 15%, and

(b) the amount of tax that would have been due in that territory if all of those members had distributed all of their profits of that period.

(3) The combined covered tax balance of those members for that period, as determined under Step 4 in section 132(1), is to be increased by adding that deemed distribution tax amount.

(4) In the following accounting period, those members have a “recapture amount” in respect of the previous accounting period that is (initially) equal to the deemed distribution tax amount for that period.

(5) Those members continue to have a recapture amount in respect of an accounting period until the earlier of—

(a) the end of the fourth accounting period after the period in which the recapture amount first arose, and

(b) the time when the recapture amount has reduced to nil.

(6) Section 191 sets out how recapture amounts reduce.

(7) If the recapture amount in respect of an accounting period has not reduced to nil by the end of the fourth accounting period after that period the following are to be recalculated for the period in which the recapture amount arose, with the amount of the recapture amount remaining subtracted from the combined covered tax balance (after the addition of the deemed distribution tax amount)—

(a) the effective tax rate for those members, and

(b) the top-up amounts that those members would have following that recalculation.

191 Reduction of recapture amount U.K.

(1) Where standard members of a multinational group in a territory have a recapture amount in an accounting period (“the relevant period”) in respect of a previous accounting period that amount is to be reduced in accordance with subsections (3) to (5).

(2) If those members have more than one recapture amount in the relevant period, those reductions are to be applied first to the recapture amount in respect of the earliest accounting period, then the next earliest and so on.

(3) First, if any of the members have accrued qualifying taxes in the relevant period reduce the recapture amount (but not below nil) by the amount of qualifying taxes accrued by the members in that period that is available.

(4) Then, if the members have a collective loss for the relevant period (and if the recapture amount has not been reduced to nil) reduce the recapture amount (but not below nil) by the amount of that loss that is available multiplied by 15%.

(5) Finally, if the members have a qualifying carried forward loss (and if the recapture amount has not been reduced to nil) reduce the recapture amount (but not below nil) by the amount of the qualifying carried forward loss that is available.

(6) An amount is “available” to the extent it has not been used to reduce another recapture amount (in the case of a qualifying carried forward loss, whether in that period or a previous period).

(7) For the purposes of subsections (3) to (6)—

• “qualifying taxes” means taxes accrued in the relevant period on actual or deemed distributions of profits;

• members of the group have a “collective loss” for an accounting period if the result of Step 2 in section 132(1) is less than nil, and the amount of that loss is that result expressed as a positive number,

• members of the group have a “qualifying carried forward loss” if —

  (a)

  they had a collective loss in a period, and

  (b)

  after making reductions in accordance with subsections (2) to (5) an amount of that collective loss remains available,

  and the amount of that qualifying carried forward loss is the amount of the collective loss that remained available.

(8) Any amount of qualifying taxes accrued by a member of the group that is used to reduce a recapture amount is excluded from that member’s covered tax balance.

192 Recalculation where member leaves the group U.K.

(1) This section applies where—

(a) in an accounting period (“the relevant period”), a standard member of a multinational group (“D”) in a territory (“the relevant territory”)—

(i) leaves the group,

(ii) transfers all, or substantially all, of its assets to an entity who is not a member of the group or to an individual, or

(iii) transfers all, or substantially all, of its assets to a member of the group that is not located in the relevant territory, and

(b) the standard members (including D) of the group in the relevant territory (“the relevant members”) had, in previous accounting periods, one or more recapture amounts (each a “recapture period”).

(2) Where this section applies, the following are to be recalculated for each recapture period—

(a) the effective tax rate for the relevant members, and

(b) the top-up amounts that those members would have in accordance with that recalculation.

(3) In recalculating that rate and those amounts for each of those periods, deduct the amount of each recapture amount that was outstanding in the period (after any reduction under section 191 in that period) from the combined covered tax balance of those members for the period.

(4) The relevant members have a special additional top-up tax amount under this section for the relevant period that is equal to the sum of the amounts given by—

(a) subtracting the amount of top-up amounts those members had for each recapture period from the sum of the top-up amounts those members would have for that period as recalculated under subsection (2)(b), and

(b) multiplying the result of paragraph (a) for each recapture period by the disposition recapture ratio for that period.

(5) Subject to subsections (6) and (7), the disposition recapture ratio for an accounting period is the amount given by dividing—

(a) the adjusted profits of D in that period, by

(b) the result of Step 2 in section 132(1) for the relevant members for that period.

(6) If either of the amounts described in paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (5) is nil or less, the disposition recapture ratio is nil.

(7) If (ignoring this subsection) the disposition recapture ratio would be greater than 1, it is to be treated as 1.

(8) Sections 206 and 207 include further provision about special additional top-up tax amounts under this section.

(9) Each of the amounts mentioned in subsection (10) for each affected period is to be treated, for the purposes of this Part, as the amount given by multiplying—

(a) that amount, by

(b) the amount given by subtracting the disposition recapture ratio for that period from 1.

(10) Those amounts are—

(a) the result of Step 2 in section 132(1) for those members for that period;

(b) the combined covered tax balance of the standard members of the group in the relevant territory;

(c) any recapture amount those members have in that affected period;

(d) the substance based income exclusion for that period for that territory.

(11) An accounting period is an affected period if it is—

(a) a recapture period, or

(b) the relevant period and the standard members of the group in the territory have one or more recapture amounts in that period.

Chapter 6 U.K. Calculation of top-up amounts

193 Calculation of top-up amounts U.K.

Take the following steps to determine if a standard member of a multinational group (“the member in question”) has a top-up amount for an accounting period and, if it does, the extent of it—

• Step 1

  Determine, under section 194, the total top-up amount for the accounting period for the territory the member in question is located in.

• Step 2

  If the total top-up amount for that territory is nil, the member in question does not have a top-up amount. Otherwise, proceed to Step 3.

• Step 3

  Determine the adjusted profits of the member in question for the period (in accordance with Chapter 4).

• Step 4

  If the member has not made a profit for the period (as determined by reference to its adjusted profits), the member in question does not have a top-up amount. Otherwise, proceed to Step 5.

• Step 5

  If there are no other standard members of the multinational group located in the same territory as the member in question, the member’s top-up amount is equal to the total top-up amount for that territory for the period. Otherwise, proceed to Step 6.

• Step 6

  Determine (in accordance with Chapter 4) the adjusted profits for the period of all of the other standard members of the group that are located in same territory as the member in question.

• Step 7

  Add together the adjusted profits of all standard members of the group in that territory that have profits (including those of the member in question).

• Step 8

  Divide the member in question’s adjusted profits by the result of Step 7.

• Step 9

  The member’s top-up amount is the result of multiplying the total top-up amount for the territory by the result of Step 8.

194 Total top-up amount for a territory U.K.

(1) Take the following steps to determine the total top-up amount for an accounting period for a territory—

• Step 1

  Subtract the effective tax rate of the standard members of the group in that territory for that period (as determined in accordance with section 132) from 15%.

• Step 2

  If the result of Step 1 is nil or less, the total top-up amount for that territory is nil. Otherwise, proceed to Step 3.

• Step 3

  Subtract the sum of the losses of those members of the group that made a loss for the period (as determined by reference to their adjusted profits) from the sum of the profits of those members of the group that made a profit in that period (as determined by reference to their adjusted profits).

• Step 4

  Subtract the substance based income exclusion for that period for that territory (if any) from the result of Step 3.

• Step 5

  If the result of Step 4 is nil or less, the total top-up amount for that territory is nil. Otherwise, proceed to Step 6.

• Step 6

  Multiply the result of Step 1 (which will be a percentage) by the result of Step 4.

(2) But where those members have a QDT credit for that territory for the accounting period, the total top-up amount is to be reduced in accordance with subsections (4) to (7).

(3) For the purposes of this Part, standard members of a multinational group in a territory have a “QDT credit” for a territory for an accounting period if qualifying domestic top-up tax (see [F110 sections 256 and 256A]) is accrued by one or more of those members in that territory [F111 for] that period.

(4) Where—

(a) the standard members do not have a collective additional amount under section 206 for the period, and

(b) the result of Step 6 in subsection (1) is equal to or greater than the sum of amounts of qualifying domestic top-up tax accrued by those members in that period,

the total top-up amount is to be reduced by the sum of those amounts.

(5) Where—

(a) the standard members do not have a collective additional amount under section 206 for the period, and

(b) the result of Step 6 in subsection (1) is less than the sum of amounts of qualifying domestic top-up tax accrued by those members in the period,

the total top-up amount is to be reduced to nil.

(6) Where—

(a) the standard members have a collective additional amount under section 206 for the period, and

(b) the sum of the result of Step 6 in subsection (1) and that collective additional amount is less than the sum of amounts of qualifying domestic top-up tax accrued by those members in the period,

the total top-up amount is to be reduced to nil.

(7) Where—

(a) the standard members have a collective additional amount under section 206, and

(b) the sum of the result of Step 6 in subsection (1) and that collective additional amount is equal to or greater than the sum of amounts of qualifying domestic top-up tax accrued by those members in the period,

the total top-up amount is to be reduced by the amount given by multiplying the sum of those amounts of qualifying domestic top-up tax by the amount given by dividing the result of Step 6 in subsection (1) by the sum of the result of that step and that collective additional amount.

Textual Amendments

F110 Words in s. 194(3) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 35(2)

F111 Word in s. 194(3) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 52(1)

195 Substance based income exclusion U.K.

(1) The substance based income exclusion for a period for a territory is calculated by taking the following steps—

• Step 1

  Determine the payroll carve-out amount for that period for each standard member of the group in that territory.

• Step 2

  Determine the tangible asset carve-out amount for that period for each standard member of the group in that territory.

• Step 3

  Add together the amounts determined at steps 1 and 2.

(2) But if the filing member for the group elects not to calculate the substance based income exclusion for the period, the exclusion is nil.

(3) Paragraph 2 of Schedule 15 (annual elections) applies to an election under subsection (2).

(4) The payroll carve-out amount for a member is 5% of the eligible payroll costs incurred by the member in the period.

(5) The tangible asset carve-out amount for a member is 5% of the eligible tangible asset amount of the member in the period.

(6) Section 196 sets out how to calculate the eligible payroll costs of a member.

(7) Section 197 sets out how to calculate the eligible tangible asset amount of a member.

[F112 (7A) Section 197A sets out the treatment of operating leases.]

(8) Section 198 sets out special rules on calculating the eligible payroll costs and eligible tangible asset amount of a member that is a permanent establishment or a flow-through entity.

Textual Amendments

F112 S. 195(7A) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 25(1)

196 Eligible payroll costs U.K.

(1) The eligible payroll costs of a member for a period are all costs incurred by the member in the period in connection with the employment of an employee of that member, provided that—

(a) the employee is an individual,

(b) the costs are payable primarily in respect of work done in the course of the ordinary operating activities of the member or the group,

(c) [F113 at least some of the work is carried out] in the territory in which the member is located, F114 ...

(d) the costs are not excluded costs [F115 , and

(e) the filing member chooses to include those costs in calculating the substance based income exclusion for the period.]

[F116 (1A) But where—

(a) an employee carries out the work in the period both in the territory in which the member is located and outside that territory, and

(b) the proportion of the time spent carrying out the work in that territory in the period is 50% or less,

the payroll costs in respect of the employee are to be multiplied by that proportion to determine how much of those costs are eligible payroll costs.]

(2) The costs may include in particular—

(a) salaries, wages and other expenditures that provide a direct and personal benefit to the employee,

(b) payroll and other employment taxes payable by the member, and

(c) social security contributions payable by the member.

(3) [F117 In this section “employee”] means—

(a) a person regarded as an employee under the law of the territory in which the member is located, and

(b) any other person while they are acting exclusively under the direction or control of the member or the group (including on a part-time basis),

and “employment” is to be construed accordingly.

(4) “Excluded costs” are the following—

(a) costs taken into account in determining the underlying profits of a permanent establishment of the member;

(b) costs taken into account in a carrying value used to calculate the eligible tangible asset amount (see section 197);

(c) costs that are core international shipping costs (see section 157);

(d) costs that are ancillary international shipping costs (see section 158), subject to subsections (5) and (6).

(5) Where the member has an ancillary international shipping profit cap adjustment of more than nil for the period, only the eligible proportion of costs that are ancillary international shipping costs are excluded costs.

(6) The eligible proportion is the proportion given by dividing—

(a) the member’s ancillary international shipping profits for the period, by

(b) the amount given by subtracting the member’s ancillary international shipping costs from the member’s ancillary international shipping revenue for the period.

Textual Amendments

F113 Words in s. 196(1)(c) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 21(1)(a)

F114 Word in s. 196(1) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 22(1)(a)

F115 S. 196(1)(e) and words inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 22(1)(b)

F116 S. 196(1A) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 21(1)(b)

F117 Words in s. 196(3) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 52(2)

197 Eligible tangible asset amount U.K.

[F118 (1) To determine the eligible tangible asset amount of a member of a multinational group for an accounting period—

(a) add together—

(i) the sum of the recorded carrying values of each eligible tangible asset held by the member at the start of the period, and

(ii) the sum of the recorded carrying values of each eligible tangible asset held by the member at the end of the period, and

(b) divide the result of paragraph (a) by 2.]

F119 (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3) “Recorded” means recorded for the purposes of preparing the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent.

(4) For the purposes of this section “carrying value” means the carrying value of the asset including—

(a) accumulated depreciation, amortisation or depletion,

(b) amounts attributable to the capitalisation of eligible payroll costs and costs that would be eligible payroll costs were they not excluded costs under section 196(4), F120 ...

(c) amounts attributable to any purchase accounting adjustment relating to the asset,

[F121 (d) any impairment loss, and

(e) so much of the reversal of a previous impairment loss as does not cause the carrying value to exceed the value it would have been had the impairment loss not been recognised,]

but not including any positive difference between the value of an asset recorded from time to time and the value of an asset when it was acquired by the member, where that difference is solely attributable to a revaluation.

(5) An asset is an eligible tangible asset if F122 ...—

(a) [F123 it is] of a type referred to in subsection (6), F124 ...

(b) [F125 it is] not an excluded asset [F126 and,

(c) the filing member chooses to include the asset in calculating the substance based income exclusion for the period.]

(6) The types of asset are—

(a) property, plant or equipment located in the same territory as the member;

(b) natural resources located in that territory;

(c) a right to use a tangible asset located in that territory under a lease;

(d) a license or similar right to use a tangible asset located in that territory, provided that—

(i) the right is granted by a government of that territory, and

(ii) it is expected in granting the right that the member will, in using that right, incur significant expenditure in enhancing the value of tangible assets in that territory (whether or not those assets are subject to the right).

[F127 (6A) Where an asset falling within paragraph (a), (c) or (d) of subsection (6) is only located in the same territory as the member for part of the period—

(a) it is to be regarded for the purposes of this section as located in that territory for the whole period, but

(b) where the proportion of the period in which the asset (or in the case of a right, the asset to which the right relates) is located in the territory is 50% or less, the carrying values for the purposes of subsection (1)(a) and (b) are to be multiplied by that proportion.]

(7) An asset is an excluded asset if it is of one of the following types—

(a) property (including land or buildings) that is held for sale, lease or investment (whether such sale, lease or investment is to be carried out in the period or not);

(b) an asset used in the course of core international shipping activity (see section 157);

(c) an asset used in the course of ancillary international shipping activity (see section 158), subject to subsections (8) and (9).

[F128 (7A) Where part of an asset comprising property is held by a member of a multinational group for lease, but another part of that property is retained for use by the member—

(a) the parts are to be treated as separate assets for the purposes of this section and section 197A, and

(b) the carrying value of the asset is to be allocated between the separate parts on a just and reasonable basis.]

(8) Where the member has an ancillary international shipping profit cap adjustment of more than nil for the period, only the eligible proportion of an asset used in the course of ancillary international shipping activity is to be treated as an excluded asset.

(9) The eligible proportion is the proportion given by dividing—

(a) the member’s ancillary international shipping profits for the period, by

(b) the amount given by subtracting the member’s ancillary international shipping costs from the member’s ancillary international shipping revenue for the period.

Textual Amendments

F118 S. 197(1) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 52(3)(a)

F119 S. 197(2) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 52(3)(b)

F120 Word in s. 197(4) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 23(a)

F121 S. 197(4)(d)(e) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 23(b)

F122 Words in s. 197(5) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 22(2)(a)

F123 Words in s. 197(5)(a) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 22(2)(b)

F124 Word in s. 197(5) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 22(2)(c)

F125 Words in s. 197(5)(b) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 22(2)(d)

F126 S. 197(5)(c) and word inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 22(2)(e)

F127 S. 197(6A) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 21(2)

F128 S. 197(7A) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 24

[F129 197A Operating leases U.K.

(1) Subsection (2) applies where—

(a) a member of a multinational group holds property located in the same territory as the member in an accounting period,

(b) that property is held for lease by the member, and

(c) the lease is accounted for in the underlying profits accounts of the member as an operating lease for that period.

(2) The operating lease is to be regarded as an eligible tangible asset of the member for that period (despite the exclusion in section 197(7)(a)).

(3) But where the property is not a short-term rental asset for that period, any carrying value of the operating lease recorded at the start or the end of the period is to be reduced by the right-of-use amount for the property at that time for the purposes of carrying out the calculation in section 197(1).

(4) In a case where the lessee is a member of the same multinational group as the lessor, the right-of-use amount in relation to the property at the start or the end of the period is the carrying value of the lessee’s right-of-use asset in relation to the property recorded at that time.

(5) Where the lessee is not a member of the same multinational group as the lessor, the right-of-use amount in relation to the property at the start or end of the period is the undiscounted value of any outstanding payments under the lease at that time.

(6) In determining the value of those outstanding payments—

(a) apply the accounting standard used in determining the underlying profits of the member,

(b) include the value of any outstanding payments that would be due under any extension to the lease that would fall to be accounted for in accordance with that standard.

(7) For the purposes of this section, property held for lease is a short-term rental asset in an accounting period if—

(a) the property was leased regularly during that period to different lessees, and

(b) the average length of the periods for which it was leased does not exceed 30 days.]

Textual Amendments

F129 S. 197A inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 25(2)

198 Eligible payroll costs and eligible tangible asset amount: permanent establishments and flow-through entities U.K.

(1) In calculating the eligible payroll costs and eligible tangible asset amount of a permanent establishment, the only amounts to be taken into account are amounts that would be taken into account in determining the adjusted profits of the establishment.

(2) But if, following the application of subsection (1), the value of an eligible tangible asset used in the business of the establishment has not been taken into account in calculating the eligible tangible asset amount of the establishment, the value of that asset is to be taken into account as well.

(3) In calculating the eligible payroll costs and eligible tangible asset amount of a flow-through entity, the only amounts to be taken into account are amounts that would be taken into account in determining the adjusted profits of the entity.

[F130 198A Power to make provision about treatment of payroll costs and assets U.K.

(1) The Treasury may by regulations make provision about the treatment of payroll costs and tangible assets in specified circumstances.

(2) Regulations may, in particular, provide that in determining the substance based income exclusion for a territory—

(a) specified eligible tangible assets or eligible payroll costs are to be treated as having a different value;

(b) specified eligible tangible assets or eligible payroll costs are to be attributed to a different member of a multinational group or to a different territory;

(c) specified eligible tangible assets or eligible payroll costs are to be excluded from that determination;

(d) specified assets that are not eligible tangible assets are to be treated as eligible tangible assets;

(e) specified costs that are not eligible payroll costs are to be treated as eligible payroll costs.

(3) In this section “specified” means specified or described in regulations.]

Textual Amendments

F130 S. 198A inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 26

199 Election to treat total top-up amount as nil U.K.

(1) The filing member of a multinational group may elect that the total top-up amount for an accounting period (“the current period”) for a territory is to be treated as nil.

(2) An election under this section may be made only if—

(a) the average revenue for an accounting period of the standard members of the group in that territory is less than 10 million euros, and

(b) the average of the adjusted profits of those members for an accounting period is less than 1 million euros.

(3) The average revenue for an accounting period of the standard members of a multinational group in a territory is determined by adding together all of the revenue of those members in each qualifying accounting period, and dividing the result by the number of qualifying accounting periods.

(4) The average of the sum of the adjusted profits of the standard members of a multinational group in a territory is determined by taking the following steps—

• Step 1

  Determine the sum of the adjusted profits of each of those members for each qualifying accounting period.

• Step 2

  Add together the results of Step 1.

• Step 3

  Divide the result of Step 2 by the number of qualifying accounting periods.

(5) The current period is a qualifying accounting period.

(6) Each of the previous two accounting periods is a qualifying period unless—

(a) none of the standard members of the group in the territory had revenue in that period, and

(b) none of the standard members of the group in the territory made a loss in that period.

(7) Where a qualifying period is longer or shorter than a year, the adjusted profits and revenue of the members are to be treated for the purposes of this section as the amounts given by multiplying the profits and revenue by the amount given by dividing 365 by the number of days in the period.

(8) An election under this section may not be made in respect of the nominal territory of a stateless member of a multinational group.

(9) Paragraph 2 of Schedule 15 (annual elections) applies to an election under this section.

Chapter 7 U.K. Allocating top-up amounts to responsible members

200 Top-up amounts multiplied by inclusion ratio U.K.

(1) The amount of a top-up amount of a member of a multinational group that is attributed to a responsible member (see section 128) is found by multiplying the top-up amount by the responsible member’s inclusion ratio for the member whose top-up amount it is.

(2) Where the responsible member’s (“the first responsible member”) interest in the member is through another responsible member, the first responsible member’s top-up amount is to be reduced (but not below nil) by the amount attributed under this section to that other responsible member.

201 Inclusion ratio U.K.

(1) A responsible member’s inclusion ratio for a member with a top-up amount (“the relevant member”) is found as follows—

• Step 1

  Determine the adjusted profits of the relevant member with the top-up amount (in accordance with Chapter 4).

• Step 2

  Determine how much of those profits are attributable to ownership interests held by [F131 individuals and] entities other than the responsible member.

• Step 3

  Subtract the amount determined under Step 2 from the amount determined under Step 1.

• Step 4

  The inclusion ratio is given by dividing the amount determined under Step 3 by the amount determined under Step 1.

(2) The amount of profits of the relevant member attributable to ownership interests held by [F132 individuals and] entities other than the responsible member is the amount that would, in hypothetical consolidated financial statements prepared by the responsible member (whether or not it actually prepared consolidated financial statements), have been treated in those statements as attributable to such [F133 individuals and] entities under the principles of the authorised accounting standard used, or treated as used (see section 249(1)(d)), in the ultimate parent’s consolidated financial statements.

(3) For the purposes of determining what that amount would be in those hypothetical consolidated financial statements of the responsible member, use the following assumptions—

(a) the relevant member’s profits were its adjusted profits as determined in accordance with Chapter 4;

(b) the responsible member had a controlling interest in the relevant member such that all of its income and expenses were consolidated on a line-by-line basis with those of the responsible member;

(c) all of the profits of the relevant member were attributable to transactions with persons who are not members of the multinational group;

(d) all ownership interests that are not directly or indirectly held by the responsible member were held by persons other than members of the multinational group.

(4) Where the relevant member is a flow-through entity, none of the adjusted profits of the relevant member are to be regarded as attributable to ownership interests held by entities that are not members of the group (and any such entity is to be ignored for the purposes of this section).

Textual Amendments

F131 Words in s. 201(1) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 53(2)

F132 Words in s. 201(2) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 53(3)(a)

F133 Words in s. 201(2) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 53(3)(b)

Chapter 8 U.K. Further adjustments

Covered taxes less than nil U.K.

202 Covered taxes balance less than nil when members in a territory have a profit U.K.

(1) This section applies to the standard members of a multinational group in a territory (“the relevant territory”) in an accounting period (“the current period”) if—

(a) those members do not have a collective loss for the current period, and

(b) the combined covered tax balance for those members for the current period is less than nil (including as a result of this section or section 205 having applied in a previous accounting period).

(2) Where this section applies—

(a) the amount of the combined covered tax balance for the current period is to be added to the combined covered tax balance for the standard members in the relevant territory in the next accounting period in which those members do not have a collective loss (which as the balance for the current period is negative will reduce the combined covered tax balance for that next period), and

(b) the combined covered tax balance for those members for the current period is to be treated as nil (and as a result of Step 5 in section 132(1) their effective tax rate for the current period will be 0%).

(3) For the purposes of this section and sections 203 to 205, the standard members of a multinational group in a territory have a collective loss for a period if the result of Step 2 in section 132(1) is nil or less for those members for that period.

203 Additional top-up amounts where covered taxes less than expected U.K.

(1) This section applies in an accounting period in relation to standard members of a multinational group in a territory where—

(a) those members have a collective loss for that period, and

(b) the combined covered tax balance for those members for the current period is less than nil, and

(c) the collective negative covered tax balance expressed as a positive number is greater than the amount given by multiplying the collective loss expressed as a positive number by 15% (“the expected covered tax amount”).

(2) Where this section applies, those members in that territory collectively have an additional top-up amount (a “collective additional amount”) equal to the difference between the expected covered tax amount and the combined covered tax balance.

(3) Where those members have a QDT credit for the accounting period, the collective additional amount under this section is to be reduced in accordance with subsections (4) to (7).

(4) Where—

(a) the standard members do not have a collective additional amount under section 206 for the period, and

(b) the collective additional amount under this section (before reduction by relevant QDT credit) is equal to or greater than the sum of amounts of qualifying domestic top-up tax accrued by those members in that period,

the collective additional amount under this section is to be reduced by the sum of those accrued amounts.

(5) Where—

(a) the standard members do not have a collective additional amount under section 206 for the period, and

(b) the collective additional amount under this section (before reduction by relevant QDT credit) is less than the sum of amounts of qualifying domestic top-up tax accrued by those members in that period,

the collective additional amount under this section is to be reduced to nil.

(6) Where—

(a) the standard members have a collective additional amount under section 206 for the period, and

(b) the sum of the collective additional amount under this section (before reduction by relevant QDT credit) and the collective additional amount under section 206 is less than the sum of amounts of qualifying domestic top-up tax accrued by those members in that period,

the collective additional amount under this section is to be reduced to nil.

(7) Where—

(a) the standard members have a collective additional amount under section 206 for the period, and

(b) the sum of the collective additional amount under this section (before reduction by relevant QDT credit) and the collective additional amount under section 206 is equal to or greater than the sum of amounts of qualifying domestic top-up tax accrued by those members in that period,

the collective additional amount under this section is to be reduced by the amount given by multiplying the sum of those amounts of qualifying domestic top-up tax by the amount given by dividing the collective additional amount under this section by the sum of that collective additional amount and the collective additional amount under section 206.

204 Allocation of collective additional amount under section 203 to members U.K.

(1) Where the standard members of a multinational group in a territory have a collective additional amount under section 203, an amount of that amount is to be allocated to each member that has a negative covered tax balance, expressed as a negative number, which is less than the adjusted profits of that member (which may be positive or negative) multiplied by 15%.

(2) To determine the amount of the collective additional amount to be allocated to each such member, take the following steps—

• Step 1

  For each such member determine the amount given by subtracting the member’s negative covered tax balance, expressed as a negative number, from its adjusted profits multiplied by 15%.

• Step 2

  Add together the amounts determined under Step 1.

• Step 3

  For each such member, divide the amount determined for that member under Step 1 by the result of Step 2.

• Step 4

  Allocate to each member the amount given by multiplying the result of Step 3 for that member by the collective additional amount.

(3) For the purposes of this Part, an amount of a collective additional amount allocated to a member of a multinational group under this section is an additional top-up amount.

(4) Chapter 7 (allocation of top-up amounts to responsible members) applies to an additional top-up amount allocated to a member of a multinational group under this section as it applies to a top-up amount of that member as if the adjusted profits of that member were the amount given by dividing the additional top-up amount by 15%.

205 Election to carry forward and reduce collective additional amount U.K.

(1) This section applies where the standard members of a multinational group in a territory (“the relevant territory”) have a collective additional amount [F134 under section 203] for an accounting period (“the current period”) and the filing member of the group has elected for this section to apply for that period.

(2) Where this section applies—

(a) the qualifying amount of the collective additional amount [F135 under section 203] for the current period is to be subtracted from the combined covered tax balance for the standard members of the group in the relevant territory in the next accounting period in which [F136 the members of the group in the relevant territory] do not have a collective loss, and

(b) the collective additional amount [F137 under section 203] for the current period is to be reduced by the qualifying amount of that collective additional amount (including to nil where the whole amount is qualifying).

(3) The amount of the collective additional amount [F138 under section 203] that is “qualifying” is the amount given by subtracting the amount of any deferred tax asset deemed to arise under section 217(7) for the period.

(4) Paragraph 2 of Schedule 15 (annual elections) applies to an election under this section.

Textual Amendments

F134 Words in s. 205(1) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 54(1)(a)

F135 Words in s. 205(2)(a) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 54(1)(b)(i)

F136 Words in s. 205(2)(a) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 54(1)(b)(ii)

F137 Words in s. 205(2)(b) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 54(1)(c)

F138 Words in s. 205(3) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 54(1)(d)

Additional top-up amounts on recalculations U.K.

206 Additional top-up amounts where recalculations required U.K.

(1) This section applies to the standard members of a multinational group in an accounting period (“the current period”) in a territory where—

(a) a recalculation is required in the current period in relation to one or more previous accounting periods (each a “prior period”) as a result of any of the following sections—

(i) section 163(4);

(ii) section 184(2);

(iii) section 217(5);

(iv) section 219(1), or

(b) the members have a special additional top-up tax amount under section 192 for the current period.

(2) Where—

(a) the sum of the top-up amounts that those members would have for a prior period, determined in accordance with a recalculation required under one of the sections mentioned in subsection (1)(a), is greater than the sum of the top-up amounts those members had for that prior period, or

(b) this section applies as a result of subsection (1)(b) (whether or not it also applies as a result of subsection (1)(a)),

the members collectively have an additional top-up amount (a “collective additional amount”) under this section for the current period.

(3) Take the following steps to determine the collective additional amount under this section—

• Step 1

  Where one or more recalculations are required in accordance with any of the sections mentioned in subsection (1)(a), for each prior period carry out the recalculation or recalculations required in respect of that period to establish the top-up amounts those members would have had for the prior period (taking account of all recalculations required for that period).

• Step 2

  For each prior period, subtract the sum of the top-up amounts those members had for that prior period from the sum of top-up amounts that those members would have for that period.

• Step 3

  Add together all of the results of Step 2 that are greater than nil.

• Step 4

  Where the members have a special additional top-up tax amount under section 192 for the current period, add that amount to the result of Step 2 (which may be nil).

(4) Where those members have a QDT credit for the accounting period, the collective additional amount under this section is to be reduced in accordance with subsections (5) to (8).

(5) Where—

(a) the standard members do not have a collective additional amount under section 203 for the period,

(b) the total top-up amount for the current period for the members for the members’ territory is nil, and

(c) the collective additional amount under this section (before reduction by relevant QDT credit) is equal to or greater than the sum of amounts of qualifying domestic top-up tax accrued by those members in that period,

the collective additional amount under this section is to be reduced by the sum of those accrued amounts.

(6) Where—

(a) the standard members do not have a collective additional amount under section 203 for the period,

(b) the total top-up amount for the current period for the standard members in the territory is nil, and

(c) the collective additional amount under this section (before reduction by relevant QDT credit) is less than the sum of amounts of qualifying domestic top-up tax accrued by those members in that period,

the collective additional amount under this section is to be reduced to nil.

(7) Where—

(a) the standard members have a collective additional amount under section 203 for the period or the total top-up amount for the current period for members for the members’ territory is greater than nil, and

(b) the sum of the collective additional amount under this section (before reduction by relevant QDT credit), any collective additional amount under section 203 and the total top-up amount for the current period for the members for the member’s territory is less than the sum of amounts of qualifying domestic top-up tax accrued by those members in that period,

the collective additional amount under this section is to be reduced to nil.

(8) Where—

(a) the standard members have a collective additional amount under section 203 for the period or the total top-up amount for the current period for members for the members’ territory is greater than nil, and

(b) the sum of the collective additional amount under this section (before reduction by relevant QDT credit), any collective additional amount under section 203 and the total top-up amount for the current period for the members for the member’s territory is equal to or greater than the sum of amounts of qualifying domestic top-up tax accrued by those members in that period,

the collective additional amount under this section is to be reduced by the amount given by multiplying the sum of those amounts of qualifying domestic top-up tax by the amount given by dividing the collective additional amount under this section by the sum of that collective additional amount, any collective additional amount under section 203 and the total-up up amount for the current period.

207 Allocation of collective additional amounts under section 206 to members U.K.

(1) Where the standard members of a multinational group in a territory have a collective additional amount under section 206 for an accounting period (“the current period”), that amount is to be allocated to those members as follows—

• Step 1

  Determine the sum of the top-up amounts that those members would have (in prior accounting periods) in accordance with the recalculation, or recalculations, that relate to that collective additional amount.

• Step 2

  Determine the sum of the top-up amounts that each of those members would have in accordance with the recalculation, or recalculations, that relate to the collective additional amount.

• Step 3

  For each member where the result of Step 2 is greater than nil, divide that result by the result of step 1.

• Step 4

  Each such member has an additional top-up amount under this section equal to the amount given by multiplying the collective additional amount by the result of Step 3 for that member.

(2) Chapter 7 (allocation of top-up amounts to responsible members)—

(a) applies to an additional top-up amount allocated to a member of a multinational group under this section as it applies to a top-up amount of that member, and

(b) if the result of Step 2 in section 132(1) in relation to the standard members of the group for the current period is nil or less (those members between them have made a loss), has effect as if the adjusted profits of that member were the amount given by dividing the additional top-up amount by 15%.

Restructuring of groups U.K.

208 Member joining or leaving multinational group U.K.

(1) Subsection (2) applies to an entity where, in an accounting period (“the transfer period”) of a multinational group, the entity—

(a) becomes a member of that multinational group (including, where it was previously a member of a different group, as a result of it becoming the ultimate parent of a new group), or

(b) ceases to be a member of that multinational group.

(2) The entity is to be treated as a member of that group for the whole of the transfer period (whether or not that results in it being treated as a member of two or more groups) if any portion of its assets, liabilities, income, expenses or cash flows are included on a line-by-line basis in the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent for that period.

(3) But in applying this Part in relation to the entity as a member of the multinational group it has become or ceased to be a member of, only its profits, covered taxes and (where applicable) eligible payroll costs that are taken into account in the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent are to be taken account of.

(4) Any purchase accounting consolidation adjustments arising from the transfer of the ownership interests resulting in an entity becoming a member of a multinational group are to be ignored in determining the adjusted profits and covered tax balance of that entity as a member of that group in the transfer period and in subsequent accounting periods.

(5) When (where applicable) determining the eligible tangible asset amount of an entity that becomes a member of a multinational group as a member of that group in the transfer period, adjust that amount by multiplying it by the amount given by dividing the number of days in the post-transfer period by the number of days in the transfer period.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5) the “post-transfer period” means the period beginning with the day on which the member became or (as the case may be) ceased to be a member of a multinational group and ending with the last day of the transfer period.

(7) When (where applicable) determining the eligible tangible asset amount of an entity that ceased to be a member of a multinational group as a member of that group in the transfer period, adjust that amount by multiplying it by the amount given by dividing the number of days in the pre-transfer period by the number of days in the transfer period.

(8) For the purposes of subsection (7) the “pre-transfer period” means the period beginning with the commencement of the transfer period and ending with the day before the day on which the ownership interests were transferred.

(9) Subsections (10) and (11) apply where an entity that becomes a member of a multinational group (“group A”) as a result of a transfer of direct or indirect ownership interests in it was a member of another multinational group immediately before the transfer (“group B”).

(10) The amount of deferred tax assets and tax liabilities (which for these purposes does not include a special loss deferred tax asset) of the entity that existed immediately before the transfer to be taken into account in relation to that entity as a member of group A is the amount that would have been taken into account had group A had a controlling interest in the entity at the time the assets and liabilities arose.

(11) Where a deferred tax liability of the entity was included in the total deferred tax adjustment amount for that member in group B—

(a) that deferred tax liability is to be deemed to have reversed without the need to reflect the reversal in any calculation made for the purposes of this Part in relation to group B, and

(b) the deferred tax liability is to be treated as arising in the transfer period for the purpose of determining the total deferred tax adjustment amount for the member in group A,

(c) any resulting reduction in the covered tax balance of the entity as a member of group A (see sections 182 and 184) is only to have effect in the accounting period in which the deferred tax liability is recaptured.

209 When transfer of controlling interest treated as acquisition of assets and liabilities U.K.

(1) This section applies to the acquisition or disposal of a controlling interest in a member of a multinational group where—

(a) the acquisition or disposal of that controlling interest is treated in the same, or a similar manner, as a transfer of assets and liabilities of the member (rather than ownership interests in it) by—

(i) in the case of the acquisition or disposal of a controlling interest in an entity which is tax transparent under the law of the territory in which it was created, the territory in which the assets are located, or

(ii) in any other case, the territory in which the member is located, and

(b) that territory imposes a covered tax on the seller based on the difference between the tax basis and either the consideration paid in exchange for the controlling interest or the fair value of the assets and liabilities.

(2) Where this section applies to an acquisition or disposal of a controlling interest in a member of a multinational group, that acquisition or disposal is to be treated as an acquisition or disposal of the assets and liabilities of the member (and accordingly, section 208 will not apply in relation to that transfer).

(3) Any covered tax arising in relation to the disposal of a controlling interest in a member of a multinational group described in subsection (1)(b) is to included in the covered tax balance of that member.

210 Transfer of assets or liabilities from a member of a multinational group U.K.

(1) Where a member of a multinational group transfers assets or liabilities to another entity in the course of a qualifying reorganisation (see section 212), any gain or loss on the transfer is to be excluded from the adjusted profits of the member, except to the extent it is a non-qualifying gain or loss.

(2) In this section, and in sections 211 and 212, “non-qualifying gain or loss” means a gain or loss of the transferee on the transfer of assets or liabilities, and is the lesser of—

(a) the amount of that gain or loss that is subject to tax in the territory the transferee is located in, and

(b) the amount of that gain or loss reflected in the underlying profits accounts of the transferee.

211 Transfer of assets or liabilities to a member of a multinational group U.K.

[F139 (1) Subsection (1A) applies where there has been a transfer of assets or liabilities to a member of a multinational group and—

(a) the transfer forms part of a qualifying reorganisation (see section 212), or

(b) the transferor is a member of the group and—

(i) the transferee is located in the same territory as the transferor,

(ii) the transferee and transferor are included in the same tax consolidation group in that territory (within the meaning of section 164(5)), and

(iii) an election under section 164 (election to exclude intra-group transactions) has effect in relation to those members at the time of the transfer.

(1A) The value of the assets or liabilities is, for the purpose of determining the adjusted profits of the member, the carrying value of the assets or liabilities in the hands of the transferor immediately before the transfer.

(1B) Subsection (1C) applies where there has been a transfer of assets or liabilities to a member of a multinational group and subsection (1A) does not apply.

(1C) The value of the assets or liabilities is, for the purpose of determining the adjusted profits of the member, the carrying value of the assets or liabilities immediately after the transfer as determined under the accounting standard used in determining the underlying profits of the member for the purposes of this Part and subject to the adjustments to those profits made in accordance with Chapter 4.]

(2) But subsection (3) applies where—

(a) [F140 subsection (1C) applies in relation] to the transfer,

(b) the transfer is from another member of the group, and

(c) neither a gain nor a loss is recorded in the underlying profits accounts of the transferor in respect of that transfer.

(3) Where this subsection applies the adjusted profits of both the transferor and the transferee are to be adjusted to secure that the transfer is reflected on an arm’s length basis (see section 149(7)).

(4) Where a member of a multinational group transfers assets or liabilities to another entity in the course of a qualifying reorganisation, and recognises a non-qualifying gain or loss as a result of that transfer—

(a) that gain or loss, to the extent it is non-qualifying, is to be included in the adjusted profits of the member, and

(b) where the other entity is a member of a multinational group, the value of the assets or liabilities is, for the purposes of determining the adjusted profits of that member, to be adjusted to exclude the non-qualifying gain or loss in a manner consistent with the tax treatment of the assets or liabilities.

Textual Amendments

F139 S. 211(1)-(1C) substituted for s. 211(1) (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 27(a)

F140 Words in s. 211(2)(a) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 27(b)

212 Meaning of “qualifying reorganisation” U.K.

(1) For the purposes of sections 210 and 211, a transfer of assets or liabilities is made in the course of a qualifying reorganisation if the transfer takes place as a result of a merger, de-merger, liquidation or a change in form of an entity, or a similar event, and conditions A, B and C are met.

(2) Condition A is that—

(a) any consideration for the transfer is, or the transfer involves, wholly or mostly equity interests issued by the transferee, or by a person connected with the transferee,

(b) in the case of a liquidation, any consideration for the transfer is, or the transfer involves, wholly or mostly, the cancellation of equity interests in the entity subject to the liquidation, or

(c) the reorganisation does not result in a change in the ownership of an entity.

(3) Condition B is that any gain or loss of the transferor that arises from the transfer is not, in whole or in part, subject to tax.

(4) Condition C is that, under the law of the territory the transferee is located in, the value of the assets or liabilities for the purpose of determining the transferee’s taxable income is the tax basis value of the assets or liabilities in the hands of the transferor, adjusted for any non-qualifying gain or loss.

(5) Sections 719 to 724A of CTA 2010 (change in company ownership) have effect for the purposes of determining whether there has been a change in ownership of an entity as if—

(a) references in those sections to “company” were to “entity”;

(b) references in those sections to ordinary share capital or shares (however expressed), in relation to a company, were to ownership interests in an entity;

(c) in section 721—

(i) in subsection (1), “for the purposes of Chapters 2 to 5A” were omitted,

(ii) in subsection (3), for the words from “major change” to the end there were substituted “a change in the ownership of the company”,

(iii) in subsection (4), the words from “for” to “5A” were omitted,

(iv) in that subsection, paragraph (a) were omitted, and

(v) in that paragraph (a) of that subsection, for “share capital” there were substituted “ownership interests”;

(d) section 722, and references to it in those sections, were omitted;

(e) in section 724—

(i) in subsection (2) for “conditions A, B and C are met” there were substituted “the parent entity has at least 75% of the ownership interests in the subsidiary entity”, and

(ii) subsections (3) to (6) were omitted;

(f) in section 724A—

(i) in subsection (1), in the words before paragraph (a), “for the purposes of Chapters 2 to 6” were omitted, and

(ii) in that subsection, paragraphs (b) and (c) were omitted, and

(iii) subsection (8) were omitted.

Elections in relation to investment entities U.K.

213 Investment entity tax transparency election U.K.

(1) The filing member of a multinational group may make an investment entity tax transparency election in relation to a member of the group that is an investment entity (“M”) and a member of the group with ownership interests in that entity (“O”).

(2) For the purposes of determining whether O has ownership interests in M, only interests that give rise to a share of profits are to be taken into account.

(3) An investment entity tax transparency election is an election that, for the purposes of sections 168 (underlying profits of transparent entities) and 178 (covered taxes of transparent entities)—

(a) M is to be treated as a flow-through entity,

(b) M is to be treated as regarded as tax transparent in the territory of O, and

(c) O is to be treated as having direct ownership interests in M.

(4) To determine the percentage of direct ownership interest O is to be treated as having in M, section 246(1) applies as if paragraph (b) were omitted, and for those purposes only interests that give rise in a share of profits are relevant.

(5) The filing member may only make such an election if—

(a) an election under section 214 is not in effect in relation to M and O, and

(b) either—

(i) O is subject to tax (in the territory in which O is located) on increases in the fair value of its ownership interests in M, and the rate of tax applicable to such increases is equal to or exceeds 15%, or

(ii) O is a regulated mutual insurance entity.

(6) An entity is a “regulated mutual insurance entity” if—

(a) it is regulated or authorised to carry on insurance business, and

(b) it is wholly owned by persons with which it has entered into insurance contracts.

[F141 (6A) Where, ignoring the election, profits and amounts of qualifying tax expense would be allocated to M in accordance with sections 168 and 178 to 181, those profits and amounts are to be allocated—

(a) first to M, and then

(b) to O in proportion to the direct ownership interests O is treated as having in M.]

(7) Paragraph 1 of Schedule 15 (long term elections) applies to an election under this section.

(8) Subsection (9) applies where—

(a) an election under this section has been revoked, and

(b) the adjusted profits of M fall to be determined for the first accounting period in respect of which the election no longer applies (the “revocation period”).

(9) In determining those profits, the value of any gain or loss from the disposition of an asset or liability by M is to be determined by reference to the fair value of the asset or liability as at the first day of the revocation period.

(10) Subsection (11) applies where—

(a) an election under this section has been revoked, and

(b) the adjusted profits of M fall to be determined for an accounting period—

(i) after the revocation period, but

(ii) before an accounting period for which a further election under this section has been made.

(11) In determining those profits, the value of any gain or loss from the disposition of an asset or liability by M is to be determined by reference to—

(a) if M’s assets and liabilities are accounted for on a realisation basis, the fair value of the asset or liability as at the first day of the revocation period;

(b) if M’s assets and liabilities are accounted for on a fair value basis, the fair value of the asset or liability as accounted for at the end of the previous accounting period.

Textual Amendments

F141 S. 213(6A) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 28

214 Taxable distribution method election U.K.

(1) The filing member of a multinational group may elect that a member of the group (an “owner”) with direct ownership interests in an investment entity that is a member of the group is to have those interests treated in accordance with this section.

(2) The filing member may only make such an election if—

(a) an election under section 213 is not in effect in relation to the owner,

(b) the owner is not itself an investment entity, and

(c) the owner can reasonably be expected to be subject to tax (in the territory in which it is located) on distributions from the entity at a rate equal to or exceeding 15%.

(3) If an election is made under this section, in calculating amounts under this Part—

(a) distributions and deemed distributions from the investment entity to the owner in an accounting period are to be included in the adjusted profits of the owner in that period;

(b) credit the owner receives to reduce the tax payable by the owner in an accounting period to reflect tax payable or to be paid by the entity in that period is to be included in the adjusted profits of the owner in that period;

(c) if the owner receives such credit, such tax payable or to be paid by the entity in an accounting period is to be taken into account in determining the covered tax balance of the owner in that period.

(4) If an election is made under this section—

(a) an undistributed income amount for the entity for an accounting period is to be determined under section 215, and

(b) any positive undistributed income amount is to be added to the top-up amount of that entity as determined under section 220(1) (see section 220(2)).

(5) Paragraph 1 of Schedule 15 (long term elections) applies to an election under this section.

(6) Subsection (7) applies where—

(a) an election under this section has been revoked, and

(b) the adjusted profits of the investment entity fall to be determined under section 220 for the first accounting period in respect of which the election no longer applies.

(7) Those profits are to include any positive undistributed income amount for the entity for the previous accounting period.

215 Undistributed income amount U.K.

(1) The undistributed income amount for an investment entity for an accounting period is the entity’s adjusted profits for the income period less the amounts referred to in subsection (2).

(2) The amounts are—

(a) the covered taxes payable by the entity (determined in accordance with Chapter 5) in the income period;

(b) distributions and deemed distributions paid by the entity and received by shareholders other than other investment entities in the review period;

(c) if, on determining the adjusted profits for the accounting periods in the review period, the entity has made a loss for one or more of those periods the made a loss, the sum of those losses;

(d) the investment loss carry-forward amount for the review period.

(3) But an amount referred to in subsection (2) is not to be deducted from the undistributed income amount for an accounting period if it has already been deducted from the undistributed income amount for a previous accounting period.

(4) In this section—

(a) the “income period” is the third accounting period before the accounting period for which the undistributed income amount falls to be determined;

(b) the “review period” is the period beginning with the first day of the income period and ending with the last day of the accounting period for which the undistributed income amount falls to be determined;

(c) a “deemed distribution” is an amount arising from the transfer of an ownership interest held by the owner to a person that is not a member of the group;

(d) the amount of a deemed distribution is to be calculated as the undistributed income amount for the accounting period in which the transfer occurs (disregarding the deemed distribution) multiplied by the transfer factor;

(e) the transfer factor is the value of the ownership interest transferred divided by the sum of that value and the value of the remaining ownership interest held by the owner;

(f) the “investment loss carry-forward amount” for a review period is the amount of any losses not deducted from the undistributed income amount for any accounting period preceding the review period.

Other adjustments U.K.

216 Election where assets and liabilities adjusted to fair value for tax purposes U.K.

(1) This section applies to a member of a multinational group if the filing member has made an election under this section in respect of a relevant tax adjustment made in an accounting period (“the adjustment period”) in relation to that member.

(2) A “relevant tax adjustment” is an adjustment to the value of assets or liabilities of a member of a multinational group for tax purposes so that they reflect fair value that is required or permitted, under the law of the territory the member is located in, as a result of the occurrence of an event.

(3) But adjustments made in connection with transfer pricing, or in connection with the sale of assets in the course of carrying on a trade, are not relevant tax adjustments.

(4) Where this section applies to the member—

(a) the member has an adjustment amount in respect of each asset or liability that is subject to the relevant adjustment, and

(b) the value of an asset or liability subject to the relevant adjustment is to be treated, for the purpose of determining the member’s adjusted profits in the adjustment period and subsequent accounting periods, as its fair value immediately after occurrence of the event that caused, or enabled, the adjustment to be made.

(5) An adjustment amount is to be—

(a) included in the adjusted profits of the member for the adjustment period, or

(b) split into 5 equal amounts to be included in the adjusted profits of the member in that period and the subsequent 4 accounting periods.

(6) But where the adjustment amount is split between those accounting periods and the member leaves the multinational group before the end of the 4th subsequent accounting period, any amount of the adjustment amount that has not been included in the adjusted profits of the member for a previous accounting period is to be included in the adjusted profits of the member for the final accounting period in which it was a member of the group.

(7) The adjustment amount of a member of a multinational group in respect of an asset or liability subject to a relevant adjustment is the amount given by—

(a) subtracting the carrying value of the asset or liability immediately before the event that caused, or enabled, the adjustment to be made from the fair value of the asset immediately after occurrence of that event, and

(b) if that event resulted in a non-qualifying gain or loss (within the meaning given by section 210(2)) for the member—

(i) in the case of a non-qualifying gain, reducing the result of paragraph (a) by the amount of that gain, or

(ii) in the case of a non-qualifying loss, increasing the result of paragraph (a) by the amount of that loss.

(8) Paragraph 2 of Schedule 15 (annual elections) applies to an election under this section.

217 Post filing adjustments of covered taxes U.K.

(1) This section applies where, in an accounting period (“the current period”), the liability of a member of a multinational group to covered taxes for a prior accounting period (“the prior period”) as reflected in an information return, overseas information return or self-assessment return (see Schedule 14) has increased or decreased.

(2) Subsection (4) applies where—

(a) that liability has increased, or

(b) that liability has decreased and the decrease is to be treated as insignificant.

(3) Subsection (5) applies where that liability has decreased, unless the decrease is to be treated as insignificant.

(4) Where this subsection applies, the covered tax balance of the member for the current period is to be adjusted so as to reflect the amount of that increase or decrease if not already reflected in that balance.

(5) Where this subsection applies—

(a) the following are to be recalculated for the prior period to take account of the decrease—

(i) the effective tax rate for the member and the other members of that group located in the same territory,

(ii) the top-up amounts that those members would have, and

(iii) if the liability to covered taxes has decreased because of a reduction of the member’s profits, its adjusted profits but only to the extent necessary to prevent the effective tax rate from decreasing,

(b) the adjusted profits of those members in subsequent accounting periods are to be adjusted in consequence of the decrease, and the matters referred to in paragraph (a) recalculated accordingly, and

(c) if the amount of the decrease is reflected in the covered tax balance of the member for the current period, that balance is to be adjusted to exclude it.

(6) Section 206 applies to a recalculation under subsection (5).

(7) Where subsection (5) applies in relation to a decrease in liability to covered taxes that arises as a result of the member offsetting a loss in a later accounting period against profits in the prior period, the member is treated for the purposes of this Part—

(a) as having a deferred tax asset that arises in the later period that is equal to the amount offset multiplied by the lesser of—

(i) 15%, and

(ii) the tax rate that applied to the profits the amount was offset against, and

(b) as having used that asset in the prior accounting period.

(8) For the purposes of this section, a decrease of liability is to be treated as insignificant if—

(a) [F142 the reduction of the covered tax balance of the member for the prior period resulting from] the aggregate decrease in liability for covered taxes for the prior period is less than 1 million euros, and

(b) the filing member has made an election for decreases in the prior period to be treated as insignificant.

Paragraph 2 of Schedule 15 (annual elections) applies to an election under this subsection.

Textual Amendments

F142 Words in s. 217(8)(a) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 54(2)

218 Effect of rate changes to deferred tax expense U.K.

(1) Where—

(a) the rate of tax for a member of a multinational group changes in an accounting period,

(b) the change in rate is to some extent relevant, and

(c) the effect of the rate change would reduce the member’s covered tax balance in a previous accounting period if the deferred tax expense in that period were recalculated to take account of the change in the rate,

section 217 applies to so much of that reduction as reflects the extent of the change in rate that is relevant as it applies to a decrease in liability to covered taxes.

(2) Where—

(a) the rate of tax for a member of a multinational group changed in a previous accounting period,

(b) the change in rate is to some extent relevant,

(c) the member’s deferred tax expense for the current accounting period reflects the reversal of deferred tax assets or liabilities that were recognised in an accounting period prior to the rate change at a different rate, and

(d) the effect of the rate change would increase the member’s covered tax balance in a previous accounting period if the deferred tax expense in that period were recalculated to take account of the change in the rate,

section 217 applies to so much of that increase as reflects the extent of the change in rate that is relevant as it applies to a increase in liability to covered taxes.

(3) For the purposes of subsections (1) and (2), a change of a rate of tax is relevant to the extent that—

(a) in the case of a rate that is increasing, it reflects an increase from below 15% to the lesser of—

(i) the rate it is changed to, and

(ii) 15%, and

(b) in the case of a rate that is decreasing, it reflects a decrease from the lesser of—

(i) the previous rate, and

(ii) 15%.

219 Adjustment where covered taxes not paid U.K.

(1) Where an amount of current tax expense included in the covered tax balance of a member of a multinational group for an accounting period is not paid before the end of the period of 3 years commencing with the last day of that accounting period, the following are to be recalculated excluding that amount—

(a) the effective tax rate for the member and the other members of that group located in the same territory, and

(b) the top-up amounts that those members would have.

(2) But subsection (1) does not apply unless the total of amounts included in the covered tax balance for that accounting period which are not paid before the end of that 3 year period exceeds 1 million euros.

(3) Section 206 applies to a recalculation under subsection (1).

Chapter 9 U.K. Special provision for investment entities, joint venture groups and minority-owned members

Investment entities U.K.

220 Top-up amount of investment entity U.K.

(1) The top-up amount for an accounting period of a member of a multinational group that is an investment entity is, subject to subsection (2), determined by taking the following steps—

• Step 1

  Determine the adjusted profits (if any) of the entity for the period in accordance with Chapter 4. If the adjusted profits are nil or less, the top-up amount is nil. Otherwise, proceed to Step 2.

• Step 2

  Adjust the result of Step 1 in accordance with section 223 (to the extent applicable). If the adjusted result is nil, the top-up amount is nil. Otherwise, proceed to Step 3.

• Step 3

  Determine the substance-based income exclusion for the entity for the period (see section 221).

• Step 4

  Adjust the result of Step 3 in accordance with section 223 (to the extent applicable).

• Step 5

  Subtract the result of Step 4 from the result of Step 2. If the result is nil or less, the top-up amount is nil. Otherwise, proceed to Step 6.

• Step 6

  Determine the investment entity effective tax rate for the territory for the period (see section 222).

• Step 7

  Subtract the result of Step 6 from 15%. If the result is nil or less, the top-up amount is nil. Otherwise, proceed to Step 8.

• Step 8

  Multiply the result of Step 7 by the result of Step 5. This is the top-up amount for the entity.

(2) If an election under section 214 (taxable distribution method election) has been made in relation to the entity, the top-up amount for an accounting period of the entity is the top-up amount determined under subsection (1) added together with any positive undistributed income amount for the entity for the period (see section 215).

(3) For the purposes of applying Chapter 4 in relation to an investment entity, the references in [F143 that Chapter] to “standard members” of a multinational group are instead to members of the multinational group that are investment entities.

Textual Amendments

F143 Words in s. 220(3) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 55(1)

221 Substance based income exclusion for investment entity U.K.

(1) The substance based income exclusion for an investment entity is to be determined by adding together—

(a) the payroll carve-out amount of the entity, and

(b) the tangible asset carve-out amount of the entity,

(2) Section 195(4) applies to the determination of the payroll carve-out amount of the entity as it applies for members of the group that are not investment entities.

(3) Section 195(5) applies to the determination of the tangible asset carve-out amount of the entity as it applies for members of the group that are not investment entities.

(4) If the filing member for the group elects not to calculate the substance based income exclusion for the period in a self-assessment (see [F144 Schedule 14]), the exclusion is nil.

(5) Paragraph 2 of Schedule 15 (annual elections) applies to an election under subsection (4).

Textual Amendments

F144 Words in s. 221(4) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 55(2)

222 Investment entity effective tax rate U.K.

The investment entity effective tax rate in a territory for an accounting period is determined by taking the following steps—

• Step 1

  Determine the adjusted profits made by each of the investment entities in the territory, as determined under Chapter 4 and adjusted under section 223.

• Step 2

  Subtract the sum of the losses of those investment entities that made a loss in that period from the sum of the profits of those investment entities that made a profit in that period.

• Step 3

  If the result of Step 2 is nil or less, the investment entity effective tax rate is to be treated as 15%. Otherwise, proceed to Step 4.

• Step 4

  Determine the covered tax balance of each such investment entity in accordance with Chapter 5.

• Step 5

  Adjust the amounts determined in Step 4 in accordance with section 223 (to the extent applicable).

• Step 6

  Add together the amounts determined in Step 5 that are adjusted positive covered tax balances.

• Step 7

  Add together the amounts determined in Step 5 that are adjusted negative covered tax balances.

• Step 8

  Subtract the result of Step 7 from the result of Step 6.

• Step 9

  Divide the result of Step 8 by the result of Step 1. This is the investment entity effective tax rate.

223 Adjustments U.K.

(1) In this section each of the following amounts is a “relevant amount”—

(a) the adjusted profits of an investment entity;

(b) a substance based income exclusion for an investment entity;

(c) the covered tax balance of an investment entity.

(2) An external holding adjustment is to be made to each relevant amount if a person that is not a member of the multinational group has ownership interests in the entity and no election under section 213 (tax transparency election) has been made in relation to the entity.

(3) An election adjustment is to be made to each relevant amount if an election under section 213 (tax transparency election) or 214 (taxable distribution method election) has been made in relation to the entity.

(4) Where both an external holding adjustment and an election adjustment are to be made, the election adjustment is to be made after the external holding adjustment (and accordingly is to be an adjustment of a relevant amount as adjusted by the external holding adjustment).

(5) An adjustment under this section is a reduction of the relevant amount by an adjustment amount.

(6) An adjustment amount is the adjustment factor for the type of adjustment multiplied by the relevant amount.

(7) The adjustment factor for an external holding adjustment is the value obtained by dividing—

(a) the amount of profits of the entity attributable to ownership interests held by persons that are not members of the group, by

(b) the total amount of profits of the entity determined under Chapter 4.

(8) The adjustment factor for an election adjustment is the value obtained by dividing—

(a) the amount of profits of the entity attributable to ownership interests held by the owners in relation to which an election has been made, by

(b) the total amount of profits of the entity attributable to ownership interests held by members of the group.

(9) The amount of profits attributable to ownership interests is to be determined in accordance with the method in section 201(2) for determining the amount of profits attributable to the ownership interests referred to in that section.

(10) Where the covered tax balance of an investment entity includes an amount allocated to it under section 179(1) or 180(3)(a) (allocation of tax imposed under controlled foreign company tax regimes), only so much of its covered tax balance as is not comprised of amounts allocated under those sections is subject to adjustment under this section.

224 Additional top-up amounts of investment entities U.K.

(1) Sections 202 to 207 apply in respect of a member of a multinational group that is an investment entity such that the member may have additional top-up amounts.

(2) For that purpose—

(a) references in those sections to the standard members of a multinational group in a territory apply as if they were references to the investment entities of the group in the territory;

(b) the reference in section 202(3) to Step 2 in section 132(1) applies as if it were a reference to Step 2 in section 222;

(c) sections 204(4) and 207(2) do not apply.

225 Attribution of top-up amounts and additional top-up amounts to responsible member U.K.

(1) In this section “top-up amount” includes an additional top-up amount determined under section 224.

(2) Section 200 applies to the attribution of a top-up amount of a member of a multinational group that is an investment entity (“the relevant member”) to a responsible member as it applies to a top-up amount of any other member of the group.

(3) Section 201 applies for the purpose of determining the inclusion ratio of the responsible member, but—

(a) in carrying out Step 1 in section 201(1)—

(i) the adjusted profits of the entity determined in that Step are to be further adjusted in accordance with section 223 (to the extent applicable);

(ii) if an election under section 214 (taxable distribution method election) has been made in relation to the entity, the adjusted profits of the entity are to be treated as including the undistributed income amount for the entity determined under section 215, and

(b) subsection (4) of that section applies whether or not the relevant member is a flow-through entity (so that entities that are not members of the group are always ignored).

Joint venture group U.K.

226 Joint venture group U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Part “joint venture group” means a joint venture parent of a qualifying multinational group and its joint venture subsidiaries (together its “members”).

(2) An entity is a joint venture parent of a multinational group if—

(a) the financial results of that entity are reported under the equity method in the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent of that group,

(b) the ultimate parent holds at least 50% of the ownership interests in the entity,

(c) the entity is not the ultimate parent of a qualifying multinational group,

(d) the entity is not an excluded entity,

(e) the entity is not an entity owned by an excluded entity—

(i) that only carries out activities that are ancillary to the activities of the excluded entity,

(ii) whose activities consist, wholly or almost wholly, of the holding of assets or the investment of funds for the benefit of the excluded entity, or

(iii) whose income is, wholly or almost wholly, excluded dividends or excluded equity gains (or a mixture of both),

(f) the multinational group of which the entity is a member is not composed exclusively of excluded entities, and

(g) the entity is not a joint venture subsidiary in relation to another joint venture parent.

(3) An entity is a joint venture subsidiary of a joint venture parent if its assets liabilities, income, expenses and cash flows are included in the consolidated financial statements of the joint venture parent.

(4) Where the main entity of a permanent establishment is a joint venture parent of a multinational group or a joint venture subsidiary, that permanent establishment is to be treated as a separate joint venture subsidiary of the same multinational group joint venture group.

227 Application of Part to joint venture groups U.K.

(1) This Part applies to a joint venture group as it applies to a multinational group, but Chapters 3 to 6 and 8 of this Part and [F145 Schedules 16 and 16A] apply as if—

(a) references to the ultimate parent were to the joint venture parent of that group,

(b) references to a member of a multinational group were to the members of the joint venture group, and.

(c) references to the filing member were to the filing member of the multinational group whose ultimate parent holds at least 50% of the ownership interests in the joint venture parent.

(2) For the purposes of the other provisions of this Part, the members of the joint venture group are treated as members of [F146 each multinational group] whose ultimate parent directly or indirectly holds at least 50% of the ownership interests in the joint venture parent.

(3) But no member of the joint venture group is to be regarded as an intermediate parent member or a partially owned parent member of that group.

Textual Amendments

F145 Words in s. 227(1) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 41(2)

F146 Words in s. 227(2) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 30

Minority owned members U.K.

228 Minority owned members U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Part, a member of a multinational group is a “minority owned member” if—

(a) the ultimate parent holds no more than 30% of the ownership interests in that member, and

(b) the member is not an investment entity.

(2) If—

(a) a minority owned member (“M”) holds (directly or indirectly) ownership interests in another minority owned member, and

(b) no other minority owned member holds (directly or indirectly) ownership interests in M,

M is the minority owned parent of a minority subgroup, and the minority owned members in which M has ownership interests are also members of that group.

(3) For the purpose of determining the effective tax rate and top-up amounts of members of a minority subgroup, this Part applies as if references to standard members of a multinational group were instead to members of that subgroup.

(4) For the purposes of determining the effective tax rate and top-up amounts of a minority owned member that is not a member of a minority subgroup, this Part applies as if references to standard members of a multinational group were instead to that member.

Application to multi-parent groups U.K.

229 Multi-parent groups U.K.

(1) Where two or more consolidated groups form part of a multi-parent group—

(a) those groups (“the constituent groups”) are to be treated as a single multinational group (and accordingly multinational top-up tax will be charged in relation to that single group), and

(b) the group’s members include (as well as the members who are members as a result of section 126) entities who would not be a member of any of the constituent groups but in which a controlling interest is held by one or more members of the constituent groups,

(2) This Part has effect, in its application to a multi-parent group, as if—

(a) references (however framed) to the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent were to the multi-parent consolidated financial statements,

(b) references to the ultimate parent were to all of the ultimate parents of the constituent groups, other than the reference in section 128(3)(b) (responsible members).

(3) Where ownership interests in an intermediate parent member of a multi-parent group are held by more than one of the ultimate parents of the multi-parent group, [F147 section 128(3)] has effect as if for paragraph (b) there were substituted—

“(b) any of the ultimate parents of the constituent groups that have ownership interest in the intermediate parent member are not subject to Pillar Two IIR tax, and”.

(4) Where an intermediate parent member of a multi-parent group is not a member of any of the constituent groups, section 128 has effect in relation to it as if—

(a) paragraph (b) of subsection (3) were omitted, and

(b) for subsection (4) there were substituted—

“(4) Such an intermediate parent member is responsible for each member of the group it has an ownership interest provided the conditions in subsection (4A) are met in relation to that member (“the owned member”).

(4A) Those conditions are that—

(a) the owned member is not located in the same territory as the intermediate parent member, and

(b) any of the ultimate parents of the constituent groups that has an ownership interest in the owned member is not subject to Pillar Two IIR tax.”

(5) Unless a nomination under paragraph 2(2) of Schedule 14 is in force in relation to a multi-parent group—

(a) the ultimate parents of the constituent groups are jointly the filing member of the multi-parent group, and

(b) any liability for a penalty for a failure to comply with the obligations of the filing member is the joint and several liability of those ultimate parents.

(6) For the purposes of this section—

• two or more consolidated groups form part of a “multi-parent group” if—

  (a)

  the ultimate parents of those groups are party to an arrangement that is a stapled structure or a dual-listed arrangement, and

  (b)

  at least one of the controlled entities of those groups is not in the same territory as another of the other controlled entities of those groups;

• “controlled entity” in relation to two or more consolidated groups means—

  (a)

  a member of any of those groups, and

  (b)

  any entity, other than a member of any of those groups, in which a controlling interest is held by one or more members of those groups;

• “stapled structure” means an arrangement entered into by two or more ultimate parents of consolidated groups where the following conditions are met—

  (a)

  as a result of the arrangements, 50% or more of the ownership Interests in the ultimate parents of the consolidated groups—

  (i)

  are by reason of form of ownership, restrictions on transfer, or other terms or conditions combined with each other, and

  (ii)

  cannot be transferred or traded independently;

  (b)

  if the combined ownership Interests are listed, they are quoted at a single price;

  (c)

  one of those ultimate parents prepares, or together those parents prepare, consolidated financial statements—

  (i)

  in which the assets, liabilities, income, expenses and cash flows of the controlled entities of those consolidated groups are presented together as those of a single economic unit, and

  (ii)

  that are required by a regulatory regime to be externally audited;

• “dual-listed arrangement” means an arrangement entered into by two or more ultimate parents of consolidated groups to combine their businesses by contract (rather than by the holding of ownership interests in one another) where the following conditions are met—

  (a)

  the arrangements provide for the ultimate parents of the groups to make distributions (with respect to dividends and in liquidation) to their shareholders based on a fixed ratio,

  (b)

  the arrangements provide for the management of those businesses as a single economic entity while retaining their separate legal identities,

  (c)

  ownership interests in the ultimate parents are quoted, traded or transferred independently in different capital markets, and

  (d)

  one of those ultimate parents prepares, or together those parents prepare, consolidated financial statements—

  (i)

  in which the assets, liabilities, income, expenses and cash flows of the controlled entities of those consolidated groups are presented together as those of a single economic unit, and

  (ii)

  that are required by a regulatory regime to be externally audited;

• “multi-parent consolidated financial statements” means—

  (a)

  in relation to a multi-parent group that is a multi-parent group as a result of a stapled structure, the consolidated financial statements referred to in paragraph (c) of the definition of stapled structure, or

  (b)

  in relation to a multi-parent group that is a multi-parent group as a result of a dual-listed arrangement, the consolidated financial statements referred to in paragraph (d) of the definition of dual-listed arrangement.

Textual Amendments

F147 Words in s. 229(3) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 55(3)

Chapter 10 U.K. Definitions etc

Introduction U.K.

230 Meaning of terms and concepts used in this Part U.K.

(1) The provisions of this Chapter define or otherwise explain terms and concepts used in this Part.

(2) Unless the contrary appears, those provisions have effect for the purposes of this Part.

Meaning of “entity” etc U.K.

231 Meaning of entity U.K.

(1) In this Part “entity” means—

(a) a company, [F148 or]

F149 (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F150 (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(d) any F151 ... arrangement that results in the preparation of separate financial accounts in respect of the activities carried out under the arrangement [F152 (such as a partnership or trust)].

(2) An entity which is, or is part of, a national, regional or local government is not to be regarded as an entity for the purposes of this Part.

(3) Sections 232 to 238 make further provision about entities including provision—

(a) treating permanent establishments as entities,

(b) defining various particular types of entities, and

(c) about when entities are “tax transparent”.

Textual Amendments

F148 Word in s. 231(1) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(1)(a)

F149 S. 231(1)(b) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(1)(b)

F150 S. 231(1)(c) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(1)(b)

F151 Word in s. 231(1)(d) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(1)(c)(i)

F152 Words in s. 231(1)(d) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(1)(c)(ii)

232 Permanent establishments treated as entities U.K.

(1) A “permanent establishment” of an entity (“the main entity”) means a place of business of the main entity that—

(a) is located in a territory other than the territory [F153 in which the main entity is located], and

(b) meets any of the conditions in paragraphs (a) to (d) of subsection (2).

(2) Those conditions are—

(a) that the place of business is situated in a territory where it is treated as a permanent establishment in accordance with an applicable tax treaty in force provided that such territory taxes the income attributable to it in accordance with a provision similar to Article 7 of the OECD tax model;

(b) that the place of business is in a territory where there is no applicable tax treaty in force and the territory, under its domestic law, taxes the income attributable to such place of business on a net basis similar to the manner in which it taxes its own tax residents;

(c) that the place of business is in a territory that has no corporate income tax system, but would be treated as a permanent establishment in accordance with the OECD tax model provided that such territory would have had the right to tax the income attributable to it in accordance with Article 7 of that model;

(d) that—

(i) the place of business does not meet any of the conditions in paragraphs (a) to (c), and

(ii) the territory of the main entity exempts the income attributable to the place of business’s operations.

(3) For the purposes of this Part, a permanent establishment is to be treated as an entity distinct from the entity it is a permanent establishment of (whether that would otherwise be the case or not).

[F154 (3A) But an entity with a permanent establishment is not to be taken as having ownership interests in that permanent establishment.]

(4) In this section “place of business” means a place of business as construed in accordance with the OECD tax model, and includes a deemed place of business for the purpose of that model, a tax treaty or the domestic law of a territory.

(5) In this Part, a reference to “the main entity” in relation to a permanent establishment is to be construed in accordance with this section.

Textual Amendments

F153 Words in s. 232(1)(a) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(2)

F154 S. 232(3A) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 4(6)

[F155 232A Partnerships U.K.

(1) A partnership is to be regarded for the purposes of this Part as continuing to be the same partnership regardless of a change in membership, provided that a person who was a member before the change remains a member after the change.

(2) Where—

(a) ownership interests in a partnership are transferred to more than one individual or entity, and

(b) the result is a partnership of which none of the original partners are members,

that new partnership is to be treated as if it were the same partnership as the old partnership.

(3) Where a partnership is otherwise dissolved in an accounting period—

(a) the partnership is to be treated as a continuing entity for the purpose of dealing with its rights and obligations under this Part in respect of that accounting period and previous accounting periods, and

(b) for the purposes of Schedule 14 (administration) each person who was a partner in that accounting period (before the partnership’s dissolution) is to be treated as a partner of the continuing entity.

(4) The reference in subsection (2) to a transfer of ownership interests includes any series of transactions having the effect of a transfer (including by way of the cancellation of interests and the issue of corresponding interests).]

Textual Amendments

F155 S. 232A inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 2(2)

233 Treatment of protected cell companies U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Part—

(a) a protected cell company is not to be regarded as an entity, and

(b) each part of a protected cell company is to be treated as an entity distinct from the others.

(2) Accordingly—

(a) the fact an entity is a part of a protected cell company is irrelevant to determining whether it is a member of a consolidated group, and

(b) the accounts of the protected cell company are not to be regarded as consolidated financial statements.

(3) In this Part—

• “protected cell company” means a protected cell company incorporated under Part 4 of the Risk Transformation Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/1212);

• a “part” of a protected cell company means its core or a cell of the company;

• “core” and “cell” have the meaning they have in those regulations.

234 Governmental, international and non-profit entities U.K.

(1) An entity is a “governmental entity” if—

(a) it is wholly owned by a national, regional or local government,

(b) it has the principal purpose of—

(i) carrying on a public function of that government, or

(ii) managing or investing the assets of that government through investment activities (such as the making and holding of investments or asset management),

(c) it is accountable to that government on its overall performance and provides annual information reporting to that government,

(d) it does not carry on a trade or business, other than an investment business described in paragraph (b)(ii),

(e) its assets vest in that government on its dissolution, and

(f) it does not make distributions of its profits to, or for the benefit of, any person other than that government.

(2) “International organisation” means an intergovernmental or supranational organisation, or an entity that acts for, is part of, or is wholly owned by such an organisation, provided—

(a) the organisation is comprised primarily of governments,

(b) the organisation has a headquarters, or privileges or immunities in respect of its establishments, in the territory in which it is established, and

(c) its governing documents, or the law of that territory, preclude the distribution of its profits for the benefit of private persons.

(3) An entity is a “non-profit organisation” if—

(a) it is established and operated in the territory it is located in—

(i) exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, artistic, cultural, athletic, education, or other similar purposes, or

(ii) as a professional organisation, business league, chamber of commerce, labour organisation, agricultural or horticultural organisation, civic league or an organisation operated exclusively for the promotion of social welfare, and

(b) it meets all of the conditions mentioned in subsection (4).

(4) Those conditions are that—

(a) substantially all of the income from the activities it carries out for the purposes it was established is exempt from income tax in the territory where it is located,

(b) it has no shareholders or members who have any interest in its income or assets,

(c) the income or assets of the entity may not be distributed to, or applied for the benefit of, a private person or non-charitable entity other than—

(i) pursuant to the conduct of the entity in carrying out activities for the purposes for which it was established,

(ii) as payment of reasonable compensation for services rendered or for the use of property or capital, or

(iii) as payment representing the fair market value of property which the entity has purchased,

(d) upon termination, liquidation or dissolution of the entity, all of its assets must be distributed or revert to a non-profit organisation or to a governmental entity of the territory in which the entity is located, and

(e) the entity does not carry on a trade or business that is not directly related to the purposes for which it was established.

235 Pension funds and pension services entities U.K.

(1) An entity is a “pension fund” if—

(a) it is an entity that is established and operated in a territory exclusively or almost exclusively to administer or provide retirement benefits and ancillary or incidental benefits to individuals where—

(i) the entity is regulated as such in that territory, or

(ii) those benefits are secured or otherwise protected by national regulations and funded by a pool of assets held through a fiduciary arrangement or trust to secure the fulfilment of the corresponding pension obligations against a case of insolvency of the entity or the group the entity is a member of, or

(b) [F156 it is] a pension services entity.

(2) An entity is a “pension services entity” if it is an entity established and operated exclusively or almost exclusively—

(a) to invest funds for the benefit of an entity falling with the description in subsection (1)(a), or

(b) to carry out activities that are ancillary to the regulated activities carried out by an entity falling with that description, provided that the entities are members of the same group.

Textual Amendments

F156 Words in s. 235(1)(b) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(3)

236 Investment funds and investment entities U.K.

(1) An “investment fund” is an entity that meets all of the following conditions—

(a) it is designed to pool assets (which may be financial and non-financial) from a number of investors, at least some of which are not connected;

(b) it invests in accordance with a defined investment policy;

(c) it operates with a view to allowing its investors to reduce transaction, research, and analytical costs, or to spread risk collectively;

(d) it is primarily designed to generate investment income or gains, or protection against a particular or general event or outcome;

(e) investors have rights to the assets of the fund, or to income earned on those assets, based on the contributions made by those investors;

(f) the entity, or its management, is subject to a regulatory regime, that includes anti-money laundering and investor protection regulation, of—

(i) the territory in which the entity is established or managed, or

(ii) in the case of a permanent establishment, the territory in which the main entity is established or managed;

(g) it is managed by an investment management professional on behalf of the investors.

(2) An “insurance investment entity” is an entity that meets all of the following conditions—

(a) the entity is not an investment fund under subsection (1), but would be an investment fund if it were designed to pool assets from more than one investor or those investors were required not to be connected;

F157 (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F158 (c) the income or gains the entity is designed to generate are intended to offset liabilities under insurance or annuity contracts;]

(d) no person other than members of the group has ownership interests in the entity;

[F159 (e) regulated entities hold 100% of the ownership interests in it (see section 244 for how to calculate this).]

[F160 (2A) An entity is a regulated entity if—

(a) the entity is subject to a regulatory regime in the territory in which it is established or managed, and

(b) that regime is specific to persons engaged in the business of entering into insurance or annuity contracts or of performing activities ancillary to such business.]

(3) An entity is an investment entity if it is—

(a) an investment fund,

(b) a UK REIT or an overseas REIT equivalent,

(c) an entity—

(i) that is 95% owned by one or more entities falling within paragraph (a) or (b), and

(ii) whose activities consist, wholly or almost wholly, of the holding of assets or the investment of funds for the benefit of those owners,

(d) an entity—

(i) that is 85% owned by one or more entities falling within paragraph (a) or (b), and

(ii) whose income is wholly or almost wholly excluded dividends or excluded equity gains (or a mixture of both), or

(e) an insurance investment entity.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (3) references to an entity being 95% or 85% owned by one or entities falling within paragraph (a) or (b) of that subsection is to those entities together having at least that percentage of the ownership interests in that entity.

Textual Amendments

F157 S. 236(2)(b) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 31(2)(a)

F158 S. 236(2)(c) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 31(2)(b)

F159 S. 236(2)(e) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 31(2)(c)

F160 S. 236(2A) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 31(3)

237 Intermediate and partially-owned parent members U.K.

(1) A member of a multinational group is a partially-owned parent member of that group if—

(a) it is not a permanent establishment, investment entity or the ultimate parent,

(b) it has (directly or indirectly) an ownership interest in another member of the group, and

(c) more than 20% of the ownership interests that represent an entitlement to a share of the profits of the member are held by persons that are not members of the group.

(2) A member of a multinational group is an intermediate parent member of the group if—

(a) it is not a permanent establishment, investment entity, a partially-owned parent member or the ultimate parent, and

(b) it has (directly or indirectly) an ownership interest in another member of the group.

238 Tax transparency of entities U.K.

An entity is regarded as tax transparent in a territory [F161 to the extent that] the territory treats the income, expenditure, profits [F162 or] losses of the entity, for the purposes of covered taxes, as the income, expenditure, profits [F162 or] losses of the direct owner of the entity in proportion to its interest in the entity.

Textual Amendments

F161 Words in s. 238 substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 14(10)(a)

F162 Word in s. 238 substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 14(10)(b)

Provision relating to location of entities U.K.

239 Location of entities U.K.

(1) The normal rule for determining, for the purposes of this Part, the territory in which an entity is located is that—

(a) if it is tax resident in a territory based on its place of management or place of creation, or based on similar criteria, it is located in that territory, or

(b) if it is not tax resident in any territory based on such criteria, it is located in the territory in which it was created.

(2) But subsection (1) does not apply to a flow-through entity or a permanent establishment (as to which, see section 240).

(3) Where, in an accounting period, an entity is tax resident based on its place of management, place of creation or similar criteria in more than one territory and—

(a) all of those territories are party to a tax treaty, and

(b) for the purposes of the treaty the entity is deemed resident in one of those territories,

the entity is treated as located in that territory for that period.

(4) Otherwise, where an entity is tax resident in an accounting period based on its place of management, place of creation or similar criteria in more than one territory—

(a) if the entity has accrued more covered taxes in an accounting period in one of those territories than in the others, ignoring any taxes accrued in accordance with a controlled foreign company tax regime, it is to be treated as located in that territory for that period,

(b) if paragraph (a) does not apply and the entity has a greater qualifying substance based income exclusion amount in one of those territories than in the others, it is to be treated as located in that territory for that period, or

(c) if neither paragraph (a) nor (b) applies—

(i) if the entity is the ultimate parent of a multinational group, it is to be treated as being located in the place where it was created for that period, or

(ii) otherwise, the entity is a stateless entity for that period.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (4)(b) “the qualifying substance based income exclusion amount” for an entity for a period in a territory is—

(a) if the substance based income exclusion is calculated for that period for that territory, the sum of the payroll carve-out amount and the tangible asset carve-out amount as would be determined under section 195(1) for the entity for that period if the entity were located in that territory, and

(b) if the substance based income exclusion is not calculated for that period for that territory, nil.

(6) Where—

(a) an entity is not (ignoring this subsection) subject to Pillar Two IIR tax within the meaning of section 128,

(b) it is tax resident based on its place of management, place of creation or similar criteria in the United Kingdom,

(c) as a result of the application of subsection F163 ... (4) it is treated as not being located in the United Kingdom, and

(d) if it were located in the United Kingdom, it would be a responsible member of a multinational group,

the entity is instead to be treated as located in the United Kingdom for the purposes of sections 122 [F164 , 128 and 129] of this Part (but not otherwise).

(7) For the purposes of this Part—

(a) a “stateless entity” is to be treated as not being located in any territory;

(b) where an entity’s location changes during an accounting period, it is to be treated as being located in the territory it was located, or was treated as being located, at the start of that period.

Textual Amendments

F163 Words in s. 239(6)(c) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 32(1)(a)

F164 Words in s. 239(6) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 32(1)(b)

240 Location of flow-through entities and permanent establishments U.K.

[F165 (1) Where a flow-through entity would be a responsible member of a multinational group if the entity were located in the territory in which it is created, it is located in that territory.]

(2) Any other flow-through entity is a stateless entity.

(3) A permanent establishment that is a permanent establishment falling within paragraph (a) of section 232(2) (entity treated as permanent establishment in accordance with tax treaty) is located in the territory where it is treated as a permanent establishment in accordance with the tax treaty in accordance with which it is treated as a permanent establishment.

(4) A permanent establishment that is a permanent establishment falling within paragraph (b) of section 232(2) (permanent establishment taxed on similar basis to residents in absence of tax treaty) is located in the territory where it is subject to net basis taxation based on its business presence.

(5) A permanent establishment that is a a permanent establishment falling within paragraph (c) of section 232(2) (permanent establishment located in territory without corporate income tax) is located in the territory in which it is situated.

(6) A permanent establishment that is a permanent establishment falling within paragraph (d) of section 232(2) (other permanent establishments) is a stateless entity.

Textual Amendments

F165 S. 240(1) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 32(2)

241 Pillar Two territories U.K.

(1) In this Part “Pillar Two territory” means the United Kingdom and every other territory specified as such in regulations made by the Treasury.

(2) Regulations may only specify a territory as a Pillar Two territory if the Treasury consider that provisions equivalent to this Part—

(a) have effect under the law of that territory, or

(b) will have effect under the law of that territory on or before the specification has effect.

(3) Regulations under this section may provide that the specification of a territory is to have effect from a time before the regulations are made (but may not provide that the specification of a territory previously specified ceases to have effect before the regulations are made).

Ownership of entities U.K.

242 Ownership interests and controlling interests U.K.

(1) In this Part “ownership interest” means a direct ownership interest or an indirect ownership interest.

(2) An entity or an individual (“A”) has a direct ownership interest in an entity (“B”) if—

(a) A has an interest (whether by way of shares, other security or otherwise) that gives rise to a share of the profits, capital or reserves of B or of a permanent establishment of B (whether on the making of a distribution of profits, winding up or otherwise), and

(b) that interest would, ignoring any requirement to consolidate the assets, liabilities, income, expenses and cash flows of B in the consolidated financial statements of A, be accounted for as equity in those statements.

(3) An entity or an individual (“C”) has an indirect ownership interest in an entity (“D”) if C has a direct ownership interest in—

(a) an entity that has a direct ownership interest in D, or

(b) an entity that has (as a result of the single or repeated application of this subsection) an indirect ownership interest in D.

(4) An entity (“R”) has a controlling interest in another entity (“S”) if condition A or B is met.

(5) Condition A is that as a result of an ownership interest R has in S—

(a) R is required to consolidate the assets, liabilities, income, expenses and cash flows of S on a line-by-line basis in accordance with an acceptable financial accounting standard, or

(b) R would have been required to do so if R had prepared consolidated financial statements.

(6) Condition B is that S is a permanent establishment of R.

243 Calculating percentage ownership interests of a specific entity or individual U.K.

(1) For the purpose of determining the percentage ownership interests in an entity (“A”) held by a specific entity or individual (“B”)—

(a) ignore any indirect ownership interest not held by B, and

(b) where B has an indirect ownership interest in A, reduce the direct ownership interest from which it is derived by the amount of that indirect ownership interest.

(2) But this section does not apply for the purpose of any provision that requires the calculation of direct ownership interests only.

244 Calculating percentage ownership interests of a class U.K.

(1) For the purpose of determining the percentage of ownership interests in an entity (“A”) held by a class of entities (“B”)—

(a) ignore any indirect ownership interest required to be ignored as described in subsection (2), and

(b) reduce any percentage direct ownership interest required to be reduced in accordance with subsection (3).

(2) An indirect ownership interest is to be ignored if—

(a) it is an indirect ownership interest held by [F166 an individual or by] an entity that is not a member of B, or

(b) it is an indirect ownership interest held by a member of B through another entity that is a member of B.

(3) Where a member of B holds an indirect ownership interest in A solely through an entity, or entities, that are not members of B, the direct ownership interest from which it is derived is to be reduced by the amount of that indirect ownership interest.

(4) This section does not apply—

(a) for the purpose of any provision that requires the calculation of direct ownership interests only, or

(b) for the purposes of section 127(6)(a) and (7)(a) (whether an entity is 95% or 85% owned by qualifying excluded entities).

Textual Amendments

F166 Words in s. 244(2)(a) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(4)

245 Calculating percentage ownership interests: excluded entities U.K.

(1) For the purpose of determining, under section 127(6)(a) and (7)(a), the percentage of ownership interests in an entity (“A”) held by qualifying excluded entities—

(a) ignore any indirect ownership interest apart from ownership interests held solely through one or more qualifying service entities or qualifying exempt income entities, and

(b) ignore any direct or indirect ownership interest required to be ignored as described in subsection (2).

(2) Where [F167 an individual or] an entity holds an indirect ownership interest in A solely through an entity, or entities, that are qualifying service entities or qualifying exempt income entities, each direct and indirect ownership interest from which it is derived is to be ignored.

Textual Amendments

F167 Words in s. 245(2) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(5)

246 Calculating percentage direct and indirect ownership interests U.K.

(1) To determine the percentage of direct ownership interest an entity or individual (“E”) has in an entity (“F”)—

(a) add together the proportional entitlement of E to the following types of interest that are relevant—

(i) an interest that gives rise to a share of profits of F,

(ii) an interest that gives rise to a share of the capital of F, and

(iii) an interest that gives rise to a share of the reserves of F, and

(b) if—

(i) F issues all of those types of interest and all of those types are relevant, divide the result of paragraph (a) by 3, or

(ii) F only issues 2 of the relevant types of interest or there are only 2 types of interest that are relevant and [F168 F] issues both of them, divide the result of paragraph (a) by 2.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1)—

(a) where a provision under which a percentage of ownership interests is to be determined refers to types of interest mentioned in those sub-paragraphs, the types referred to are “relevant”, and

(b) where such a provision does not refer to types of interest mentioned in sub-paragraphs (i) to (iii) of subsection (1)(a), all of those types of interest are “relevant”.

(3) To determine the percentage indirect ownership interest an entity or individual (“G”) has in an entity (“H”)—

(a) determine the percentage indirect ownership interest arising as a result of each stack through which it has an indirect ownership interest in H, and

(b) add those percentage indirect ownership interests for those stacks together.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (3) a “stack” means a chain of entities through which G has an indirect ownership interest in H which is comprised of an entity (“J”) which has a direct ownership interest in H and—

(a) where G has a direct ownership interest in J, G, or

(b) where G does not have a direct ownership interest in J—

(i) G,

(ii) an entity (“K”) which has a direct ownership interest in J and that G has a direct or indirect ownership interest in, and

(iii) where G does not have a direct ownership interest in K, an entity which has a direct ownership interest in K and that G has a direct or indirect ownership interest in, and so on until an entity is reached that G has a direct ownership interest in.

(5) To determine G’s percentage indirect ownership interest in H arising as a result of a stack—

(a) determine, in accordance with subsection (1)—

(i) J’s percentage direct ownership interest in H, and

(ii) the percentage direct ownership interest each other member of the stack has in the member of the stack it has a direct ownership interest in, and

(b) multiply together the percentage direct ownership interests determined under paragraph (a).

Textual Amendments

F168 Word in s. 246(1)(b)(ii) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(6)

247 Timing of transfers of interests U.K.

(1) Where ownership interests in an entity are transferred from one entity or individual to another entity or individual, that transfer is to be treated as effective at the earlier of—

(a) the time when the obligations of the parties to the transfer necessary to effect the transfer have been met, and

(b) the time when any of the substantive consideration for the transfer has been provided,

(instead of at any earlier time when the transfer is effective).

(2) In subsection (1)(b) the reference to “substantive consideration” means any amount of the consideration for the transfer other than any amount provided before the transfer which would not be refundable if the transfer did not take place as a result of the transferee not meeting its obligations under the arrangements to make the transfer.

248 Exclusion of indirect interests held through ultimate parent U.K.

For the purposes of determining whether an entity [F169 or individual] has an indirect ownership interest in a member of a multinational group (other than the ultimate parent), ignore any indirect interests arising only as a result of an ownership interest in the ultimate parent.

Textual Amendments

F169 Words in s. 248 inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(7)

Financial statements and accounting period U.K.

249 Consolidated financial statements U.K.

(1) The consolidated financial statements of an entity are—

(a) where the entity is not the ultimate parent of a consolidated group whose only members are that entity and its permanent establishments, the financial statements prepared by the entity in accordance with acceptable accounting standards in which the assets, liabilities, income, expenses and cash flows of that entity and the entities it has a controlling interest in are presented as those of a single economic unit,

(b) where the entity is the ultimate parent of a consolidated group whose only members are that entity and its permanent establishments, the financial accounts of that entity that are prepared in accordance with an acceptable accounting standard,

(c) where the entity has prepared statements that would fall within paragraph (a) or (b) but they were not prepared in accordance with an acceptable accounting standard, those statements but adjusted to prevent material competitive distortions, or

(d) where no statements were prepared falling within paragraphs (a) to (c), the statements that would have been prepared (whether or not the entity was required to prepare such statements) in accordance with an authorised accounting standard that is either—

(i) an acceptable accounting standard, or

(ii) a financial accounting standard whose application is adjusted to prevent material competitive distortions.

(2) But subsection (1)(d) is not to be taken as imposing a requirement to consolidate entities where that is not required, or is not permitted, by [F170 the] authorised accounting standard [F171 that is used as the basis for the statements that would have been prepared].

(3) “Authorised accounting standard” in relation to an entity means a set of generally acceptable accounting principles permitted by the body responsible for prescribing, establishing or accepting accounting standards for financial reporting purposes in the territory the entity is located in.

(4) There are “competitive distortions” in accounts not prepared in accordance with an acceptable accounting standard if the result of the application of one or more specific principles or procedures under the standard under which it was prepared results in differences between—

(a) the treatment of items in those accounts, and

(b) the treatment of those items in accounts prepared in accordance with the corresponding principles or procedures under international financial reporting standards.

(5) Competitive distortions are “material” if the sum of the differences between the treatment of items in the accounts referred to in subsection (4) exceeds 75 million euros.

Textual Amendments

F170 Word in s. 249(2) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(8)(a)

F171 Words in s. 249(2) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(8)(b)

250 Acceptable accounting standards U.K.

(1) In this Part “acceptable accounting standards” means—

(a) UK GAAP,

(b) acceptable overseas GAAP, or

(c) international financial reporting standards.

(2) “UK GAAP”—

(a) means generally accepted accounting practice in relation to accounts of UK companies (other than accounts prepared in accordance with international accounting standards or international financial reporting standards) that are intended to give a true and fair view, and

(b) has the same meaning in relation to entities other than companies, and companies that are not UK companies, as it has in relation to UK companies.

(3) “Acceptable overseas GAAP” means the generally accepted accounting practice and principles of any of the following—

• Australia;

• Brazil;

• Canada;

• an EEA state;

• the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People‘s Republic of China;

• Japan;

• Mexico;

• New Zealand;

• the People’s Republic of China;

• the Republic of India;

• the Republic of Korea;

• Singapore;

• Switzerland;

• the United States of America.

(4) The Treasury may by regulations amend subsection (3) to add or remove territories.

(5) In this section “UK companies” means companies incorporated or formed under the law of a part of the United Kingdom.

251 Accounting periods U.K.

(1) The general rule is that reference to an accounting period in relation to a multinational group, or any member of that group, is to an accounting period for which the ultimate parent prepares its consolidated financial statements.

(2) Where the ultimate parent does not prepare consolidated financial statements, references to accounting periods are to the period of a year commencing on 1 January.

(3) But—

(a) where an accounting period (“the default period”) has started as a result of the rule in subsection (2), but the ultimate parent prepares consolidated financial statements during the default period for a period commencing with a date after the start of the default period, the default period is to end immediately before that date, and

(b) where the ultimate parent had previously prepared consolidated financial statements for accounting periods, the accounting period that follows the last period for which it had prepared consolidated financial statements begins immediately after that last period and ends immediately before 1 January in the following year.

[F172 251A Meaning of country-by-country report U.K.

(1) In this Part “country-by-country report” means a country-by-country report in respect of a multinational group that is prepared and filed in accordance with legislation implementing the OECD’s guidance on country-by-country reporting.

(2) But where the legislation of a territory permits the preparation and filing of a partial country-by country report, such a partial report is not to be regarded as country-by-country report for the purposes of this Part.

(3) Reference to a country-by-country report in respect of a multinational group that is a multi-parent group is to a report in respect of all of the constituent groups.

(4) “The OECD’s guidance on country-by-country reporting” means the guidance on country-by-country reporting contained in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) Guidance on Transfer Pricing Documentation and Country-by-Country Reporting, published in 2014, as modified, supplemented or replaced from time to time.]

Textual Amendments

F172 S. 251A inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 29(1)

Miscellaneous U.K.

252 Application to sovereign wealth funds U.K.

(1) A sovereign wealth fund that would, ignoring this subsection, be the ultimate parent of a multinational group is not to be regarded as the ultimate parent of that group and is to be ignored for the purposes of this Part.

(2) Accordingly, an entity (“A”) in which such a sovereign wealth fund has a controlling interest as a result of direct ownership interests is to be regarded as the ultimate parent of a consolidated group consisting of—

(a) itself, and

(b) the entities that A has a controlling interest in.

(3) For the purposes of this section “sovereign wealth fund” means an entity which is a [F173 governmental] entity for the purposes of this Part as a result of meeting the condition in section 234(1)(b)(ii).

Textual Amendments

F173 Word in s. 252(3) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(9)

253 Disqualified and qualified refundable imputation taxes U.K.

(1) An amount of tax payable by a member of a multinational group is “disqualified refundable imputation tax” if—

(a) it is—

(i) [F174 as a result of a dividend made by the member,] refundable to the beneficial owner of the dividend,

(ii) creditable by the beneficial owner of such a dividend against a tax liability other than a tax liability in respect of that dividend, or

(iii) refundable to an entity upon the distribution of a dividend, and

(b) it is not qualified refundable imputation tax.

(2) An amount of tax payable by a member of a multinational group is “qualified refundable imputation tax” to the extent—

(a) it is refundable or creditable to the beneficial owner of a dividend distributed by—

(i) the member, or

(ii) where the member is a permanent establishment, the main entity, and

(b) the refund is payable, or the credit is provided—

(i) under a foreign tax credit regime by a territory other than the territory that imposed the tax on the member,

(ii) to a beneficial owner of the dividend subject to tax in the territory imposing the tax payable by the member, provided the nominal rate of that tax that is at least 15%,

(iii) to a beneficial owner of the dividend who is an individual who is tax resident in that territory and who is subject to tax on the dividends as ordinary income,

(iv) to a governmental entity or an international organisation,

(v) to a resident non-profit organisation [F175 or a resident pension fund] F176 ...

[F177 (va) a resident investment entity that is not a member of the group, or]

(vi) to a resident life insurance company to the extent the dividends are received in connection with a pension fund business and subject to tax in a similar manner as a dividend received by a pension fund.

(3) For the purposes of sub-paragraphs (v) and (vi) of subsection (2)(b), an entity is a resident entity if it is resident in the territory that imposed the tax, and for those purposes—

(a) a non-profit organisation or pension fund is resident in a territory if it is created and managed in that territory;

(b) an investment entity is resident in a territory if it is created and regulated in that territory;

(c) a life insurance company is resident in a territory if it is located there (see section 239).

Textual Amendments

F174 Words in s. 253(1)(a)(i) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(10)(a)(b)

F175 Words in s. 253(2)(b)(v) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(10)(c)(i)

F176 Word in s. 253(2)(b) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(10)(c)(ii)

F177 S. 253(2)(b)(va) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(10)(c)(iii)

[F178 254 Use of currency U.K.

(1) Calculations under this Part in relation to a multinational group, or any member of such a group, are to be carried out in the currency of the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent (“the CFS currency”).

(2) Where it is necessary to convert an amount into the CFS currency, that conversion is to be made in accordance with the authorised accounting standard—

(a) that was used in preparing the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent, or

(b) where no such statements were prepared, that is used as the basis for the statements that would have been prepared.

(3) For the purpose of comparing an amount to a figure expressed in this Part in euros, the amount is to be converted to euros for that purpose (from the CFS currency) by reference to the average exchange rate for the month of December that preceded the beginning of the accounting period to which the amount relates.

(4) Where the European Central Bank publishes exchange rates for the CFS currency, use those rates for the purposes of the conversion under subsection (3) and any conversion under step 4 in section 123 (amount charged by reference to top-up amounts).

(5) Otherwise—

(a) where the Bank of England publishes exchange rates for the CFS currency, use those rates for the purposes of that conversion, or

(b) where the Bank of England does not publish exchange rates for that currency, use such a rate as appears, on a just and reasonable basis, to reflect the average exchange rate for the period in question.]

Textual Amendments

F178 S. 254 substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 33(1)

255 Pillar Two rules U.K.

(1) In this Part references to the “Pillar Two rules” are to the Pillar Two model rules as interpreted in accordance with, and supplemented by—

(a) the Pillar Two commentary, and

(b) any further commentaries or guidance published from time to time by the OECD that are relevant to the implementation of the Pillar Two model rules.

(2) In subsection (1)—

• “Pillar Two model rules” means the model rules published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development as “Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy – Global Anti-Base Erosion Model Rules (Pillar Two): Inclusive Framework on BEPS”;

• “Pillar Two commentary” means the following—

  (a)

  the commentary on the Pillar Two model rules published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development as “Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy – Commentary to the Global Anti-Base Erosion Model Rules (Pillar Two)”, and

  (b)

  the examples illustrating the application of the Pillar Two model rules published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development as “Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy – Global Anti-Base Erosion Model Rules (Pillar Two) Examples”.

[F179 (2A) Pillar Two rules apply to a member of a multinational group (“the relevant member”) in an accounting period if conditions A, B and C are met.]

(3) [F180 Condition A is met if—]

(a) the group is a qualifying multinational group [F181 for the accounting period], or

(b) the group would be a qualifying multinational group [F182 for the accounting period] but is not only as a result of Condition B in section 129(3) (requirement that at least one member located in the United Kingdom).

[F183 (4) Condition B is that—

(a) the ultimate parent is subject to Pillar Two IIR tax for the accounting period and is not located in the same territory as the relevant member,

(b) an intermediate parent member of the group is subject to Pillar Two IIR tax for the accounting period, is not located in the same territory as the relevant member and has an ownership interest in—

(i) the relevant member, or

(ii) a member of the group located in the same territory as the relevant member, or

(c) any member of the group is located in a territory in which a qualifying undertaxed profits tax is in force for the accounting period.

(5) Condition C is that no transitional safe harbour election applies to the relevant member for that period.

(6) For the purposes of this Part “transitional safe harbour election” means—

(a) an election under paragraph 3(1) (transitional safe harbour), or

(b) an election corresponding to that election for the purposes of a tax imposed by a Pillar Two territory that is equivalent to multinational top-up tax so far as it relates to top-up tax under the IIR (within the meaning of the Pillar Two rules).]

Textual Amendments

F179 S. 255(2A) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 34(1)(a)

F180 Words in s. 255(3) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 34(1)(b)(i)

F181 Words in s. 255(3)(a) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 34(1)(b)(ii)

F182 Words in s. 255(3)(b) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 34(1)(b)(iii)

F183 S. 255(4)-(6) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 34(1)(c)

256 Qualifying domestic top-up tax U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Part a tax is a “qualifying domestic top-up tax” if it is—

(a) domestic top-up tax (see Part 4), or

(b) specified in a regulations made by the Treasury.

(2) A tax may only be specified in regulations if the Treasury consider that it is equivalent in substance to domestic top-up tax (see Part 4).

(3) A tax may be considered equivalent to domestic top-up tax despite being not being calculated in accordance with the financial accounting standard used in the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent if calculated in accordance with an authorised accounting standard that is either—

(a) an acceptable accounting standard, or

(b) another financial accounting standard that is adjusted to prevent material competitive distortions.

(4) Regulations under this section may provide that the specification of a tax is to have effect from a time before the regulations are made (but may not provide that the specification of a tax previously specified ceases to have effect before the regulations are made).

[F184 256A Qualifying domestic top-up tax treated as not accruing where contested etc U.K.

(1) Subsection (2) applies for the purposes of sections 194(2) to (7), 203(3) to (7) and 206(4) to (8) (application of QDT credits in determination of top-up amounts).

(2) An amount of qualifying domestic tax accruing to a member of a multinational group is to be treated as not accruing to the member where the enforceability of the amount is in question.

(3) For the purposes of this section, the enforceability of an amount of qualifying domestic top-up tax accruing to a member of a multinational group is in question if—

(a) the member disputes its enforceability on any of the grounds set out in subsection (4), or

(b) the tax authority of the territory in which the qualifying domestic top-up tax is imposed considers the amount unenforceable on the basis of any of those grounds.

(4) Those grounds are that—

(a) the amount is unenforceable on constitutional grounds or as a result of other superior law applying in the territory in which the qualifying domestic top-up tax is imposed, or

(b) the amount is unenforceable as a result of a specific agreement with the government of that territory as to the tax liability of the member or the group.

(5) Subsection (2) ceases to apply where the enforceability of an amount of qualifying domestic top-up tax ceases to be in question.

(6) Where the enforceability of an amount of qualifying domestic top-up tax was in question, it ceases to be in question where—

(a) the amount has been paid, and

(b) the enforceability of the amount may no longer be disputed as a result of—

(i) a settlement,

(ii) the time for any appeal having passed and there being no reasonable prospect of the time being extended, or

(iii) the exhaustion of any rights to appeal.]

Textual Amendments

F184 S. 256A inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 35(1)

257 Qualifying undertaxed profits tax U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Part a tax is a “qualifying undertaxed profits tax” if it is specified in regulations made by the Treasury.

(2) A tax may only be specified in regulations if the Treasury consider that the tax is an appropriate means of implementing the UTPR (within the meaning of the Pillar Two rules).

(3) Regulations under this section may provide that the specification of a tax is to have effect from a time before the regulations are made (but may not provide that the specification of a tax previously specified ceases to have effect before the regulations are made).

258 Meaning of “connected” U.K.

For the purposes of this Part, a person or entity is “connected” with an entity if they are “closely related” within the meaning of Article 5(8) of the OECD tax model.

259 Other definitions U.K.

(1) In this Part—

• “company” means a body corporate;

• [F185 “deemed distribution” has the meaning given by section 215(4)(c);]

• “for accounting purposes” means for the purposes of accounts drawn up in accordance with acceptable accounting standards;

• “held for sale” has the meaning given by international accounting standards;

• “HMRC” means His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs;

• “international financial reporting standards” or “international accounting standards” means those standards as issued or adopted, from time to time, by the International Accounting Standards Board;

• “OECD tax model” means the Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital published (from time to time) by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development;

• “overseas REIT equivalent” means an entity resident in a territory outside the United Kingdom that is the equivalent of a UK REIT;

• [F186 “partnership” does not include anything that is a body corporate;]

• “tax treaty” means an [F187 international agreement for, or provision of an international agreement concerned with,] the avoidance of double taxation with respect to taxes on income and on capital;

• “UK REIT” means—

  (a)

  a company UK REIT within the meaning of Part 12 of CTA 2010 (see section 524 of that Act), or

  (b)

  a company that is a member of a group UK REIT within the meaning of that Part (see sections 523 and 606 of that Act);

• an “uncertain tax position”, in relation to an amount of covered taxes, exists where the amount as reflected in the underlying profits accounts is different to how it is, or will be, reflected in a tax return because of uncertainty over whether the tax authority in question will accept the basis on which it is reflected in that return.

(2) For the purposes of this Part, an individual is “tax resident” in a territory if—

(a) in the case of the United Kingdom, the individual is resident for income tax purposes, and

(b) in any other territory, the individual is resident for the purposes of a tax on income imposed under the law of that territory.

(3) Where a term in this Part has a meaning for accounting purposes, unless the context otherwise requires, it has that meaning in this Part.

(4) Examples of such terms include—

• carrying value;

• current tax;

• deferred tax;

• deferred tax expense;

• deferred tax asset;

• deferred tax liability;

• fair value;

• impairment;

• tax expense.

Textual Amendments

F185 Words in s. 259(1) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(11)(a)

F186 Words in s. 259(1) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 2(3)

F187 Words in s. 259(1) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 56(11)(b)

Chapter 11 U.K. General and miscellaneous provision

[F188 260 Transitional provision and safe harbours U.K.

(1) Schedule 16 contains transitional provision and provision about a general transitional safe harbour.

(2) Schedule 16A contains provision about other safe harbours.]

Textual Amendments

F188 S. 260 substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 41(3)

261 Index of defined expressions U.K.

Schedule 17 contains a table that lists terms defined for this Part and the provisions that define or explain them.

262 Power to amend to ensure consistency with Pillar Two U.K.

(1) Where the Treasury consider it necessary for the purpose of ensuring consistency with the Pillar Two rules, the Treasury may by regulations—

(a) make further provision about the application of provisions of this Part [F189 , Part 4 or any of Schedules 14 to 16A and 18], or

(b) amend this Part [F190 , Part 4 or any of Schedules 14 to 18].

[F191 (1A) The provision that may be made by regulations under subsection (1) includes provision designed to secure the effective implementation of the Pillar Two rules including—

(a) provision to ensure consistency with commentaries or guidance published by the OECD that has effect from a time before the commentary or guidance was published;

(b) provision that the Treasury consider necessary to secure the effective operation of multinational top-up tax or domestic top-up tax (see Part 4) where—

(i) the provision does not, at the time of making it, reflect the Pillar Two rules, but

(ii) it is reasonable for the Treasury to believe that changes will be made to the rules that are consistent with, or are similar to, the provision.

(1B) Provision made by regulations under subsection (1) may not have effect—

(a) in the case of provision falling within subsection (1A)(a), in relation to accounting periods ending before the commentary or guidance was published, or

(b) in the case of any other provision, in relation to accounting periods ending before the regulations are made.

(1C) Provision that has effect in relation to accounting periods that begin before the regulations are made may only be made if the Treasury consider that the provision is generally beneficial to—

(a) persons affected by the implementation of the Pillar Two rules, or

(b) persons affected by the provision.

(1D) The reference in subsection (1C) to provision being generally beneficial includes the provision being beneficial by reference to it—

(a) simplifying, or reducing the costs of, compliance with—

(i) multinational top-up tax or domestic top-up tax, or

(ii) taxes imposed under the law of a territory outside the United Kingdom that correspond to multinational top-up tax or domestic top-up tax;

(b) generally (but not necessarily in every case) resulting in a reduction or elimination of a liability to—

(i) multinational top-up tax or domestic top-up tax, or

(ii) taxes imposed under the law of a territory outside the United Kingdom that correspond to multinational top-up tax or domestic top-up tax.]

(2) The power in this section may not be exercised after 31 December 2026.

Textual Amendments

F189 Words in s. 262(1)(a) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 47(1)(a)

F190 Words in s. 262(1)(b) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 47(1)(b)

F191 S. 262(1A)-(1D) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 36

263 Regulations U.K.

(1) A power to make regulations under this Part includes a power to make consequential, supplementary, incidental, transitional or saving provision.

(2) Regulations under this Part are to be made by statutory instrument.

(3) A statutory instrument containing (whether alone or with other provision) regulations made under section 262(1)(b) is subject to the made affirmative procedure.

(4) Otherwise, a statutory instrument containing regulations under this Part is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the House of Commons.

(5) Where a statutory instrument is subject to “the made affirmative procedure”—

(a) it must be laid before the House of Commons after being made, and

(b) it ceases to have effect at the end of the period of 28 sitting days beginning with the day on which the instrument is made, unless within that period the instrument is approved by a resolution of the House of Commons.

(6) Where regulations cease to have effect as a result of subsection (5), that does not—

(a) affect anything previously done under the regulations, or

(b) prevent the making of new regulations.

(7) In this section, “sitting day” means a day on which the House of Commons is sitting (and a day is only a day on which the House of Commons is sitting if the House begins to sit on that day).

264 Multinational top-up tax to apply from 31 December 2023 U.K.

This Part has effect in relation to accounting periods commencing on or after 31 December 2023.

Part 4 U.K. Domestic top-up tax

Chapter 1 U.K. Introduction

265 Introduction to domestic top-up tax U.K.

(1) The purpose of this Part is to make provision for a qualified domestic minimum top-up tax within the meaning of the Pillar Two rules.

(2) For that purpose, this Part makes provision for a tax payable in respect of qualifying entities (that will be located in the United Kingdom) whose rate of tax (as determined in accordance with this Part) is less than 15%.

(3) The tax is to be known as “domestic top-up tax”.

(4) This Part applies (with modifications) many of the provisions of Part 3 (multinational top-up tax) for the purposes of—

(a) determining liability to domestic top-up tax, and

(b) administering domestic top-up tax.

(5) Except where the contrary appears, expressions used in this Part and in Part 3 (multinational top-up tax) have the same meaning in this Part as they have in Part 3.

266 Qualifying entities U.K.

(1) An entity is qualifying for an accounting period if it is not a DTT excluded entity F192 ..., it meets condition A for that period and—

(a) if it is not a member of a group, it meets condition B for that period, or

(b) if it is a member of a group, it meets condition C for that period.

(2) Condition A is met by an entity for an accounting period if it is located in the United Kingdom in that period (see section 239 in Part 3).

(3) Condition B is met by an entity for an accounting period if the entity has revenue that exceeds the threshold set out in subsection (6) in at least 2 previous accounting periods of the previous 4 accounting periods.

(4) For the purposes of condition B, the revenue of an entity that is not a member of a group is to be determined by reference to its qualifying financial statements.

(5) Condition C is met by a member of a group for an accounting period if the members of the group have revenue that exceeds the threshold set out in subsection (6) in at least 2 previous accounting periods of the previous 4 accounting periods.

(6) The threshold for an accounting period is the amount given by multiplying 750 million euros by the amount given by dividing the number of days in the accounting period by 365.

(7) For the purposes of condition C, the revenue of the members of a group for a period is to be determined by reference to the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent for that period (see sections 126(2) and 249 in Part 3).

(8) Sections 130 and 131 in Part 3 (change in composition of multinational groups) apply for the purpose of Condition C as if—

(a) references to “multinational group” were to “group”,

(b) in section 130—

(i) in subsection (1), for “condition A in section 129(2)” there were substituted “condition C in section 266(5)”,

(ii) in subsection (4), for “section 129(4)” there were substituted “section 266(6)”,

(c) in section 131(1)—

(i) for “section 129” there were substituted “section 266”,

(ii) for “subsection (2)” there were substituted “subsection (5)”,

(iii) for “condition A” there were substituted “condition C”, and

(iv) for “section 129(4)” there were substituted “section 266(6), and

(d) in section 131(2), for “condition A in section 129(2)” there were substituted “condition C in section 266(5)”

(9) References in this Part to a “group” (other than in the expression “multinational group”) means a consolidated group (see section 126(2) in Part 3).

(10) For the purposes of this Part “qualifying financial statements” in relation to an entity means—

(a) financial statements of the entity prepared in accordance with acceptable accounting standards, or

(b) where no such accounts were prepared, the statements that would have been prepared (whether or not the entity was required to prepare such statements) in accordance with an authorised accounting standard that is either—

(i) an acceptable accounting standard, or

(ii) a financial accounting standard whose application is adjusted to prevent material competitive distortions (see section 249(4)).

Textual Amendments

F192 Words in s. 266(1) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 43(2)

267 DTT excluded entities U.K.

(1) An entity is a DTT excluded entity if—

(a) it falls within subsection (3) of section 127 in Part 3 (excluded entities),

(b) it is a member of a multinational group and falls within subsection (4) of that section, or

(c) it is a member of a group that is not a multinational group, but would fall within that subsection if that group were a multinational group.

(2) A DTT excluded entity falling within subsection (1) [F193 or (3B)(b)] (as well as not being a qualifying entity) is, for the purposes of the provisions of this Part other than section 266 and this section, to be treated as not being a member of any group.

(3) A qualifying transformer vehicle that is not a member of a multinational group is also a DTT excluded entity.

[F194 (3A) A securitisation company that is not a member of a group for the purposes of domestic top-up tax is a DTT excluded entity (and see section 267A).]

[F195 (3B) An investment entity is a DTT excluded entity if—

(a) it is not a member of a group, or

(b) it is a member of group that is comprised only of members located in the United Kingdom.

(3C) An investment entity that is a member of a group that is not comprised only of members located in the United Kingdom—

(a) is not to be regarded as a qualifying entity, but

(b) top-up amounts of that entity are to be determined under sections 220 to 224 (see also section 272(8)(e) which has the effect of attributing those amounts to standard members of the group that are qualifying entities and are located in the same territory as the investment entity).

(3D) An investment entity that falls within subsection (3C) is not to be regarded as a member of any group for any purpose other than for the purposes of—

(a) determining the top-up amounts of that entity under those sections,

(b) applying Condition C in section 266 in relation to other members of the group (revenue threshold for group), and

(c) subsections (8)(e) (9), (10) and (11) of section 272.]

(4) In this section

• [F196 “qualifying transformer vehicle” means—

  (a)

  a qualifying transformer vehicle within the meaning of the Risk Transformation (Tax) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/1271), or

  (b)

  a part of a protected cell company that is a qualifying transformer vehicle within the meaning of those Regulations;]

• [F197 “securitisation company” has the meaning it has in the Taxation of Securitisation Companies Regulations 2006 (see regulation 4).]

Textual Amendments

F193 Words in s. 267(2) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 43(1)(a)

F194 S. 267(3A) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 42(1)(a)

F195 S. 267(3B)-(3D) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 43(1)(b)

F196 Words in s. 267(4) reordered (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 42(1)(b)(i)

F197 Words in s. 267(4) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 42(1)(b)(ii)

[F198 267A Securitisation companies in a group treated as not consolidated U.K.

(1) Subsection (2) applies to a securitisation company that is a member of a group.

(2) The company is only to be regarded as a member of the group for the purposes of applying Condition C in section 266 in relation to other members of the group (revenue threshold for group).

(3) Otherwise, the company is to be treated as not being a member of any group for the purposes of domestic top-up tax.]

Textual Amendments

F198 S. 267A inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 42(2)

268 Permanent establishments U.K.

Section 232(3) (permanent establishment treated as distinct from entity it is a permanent establishment of) applies for the purposes of this Part as it applies for the purposes of Part 3.

[F199 268A Partnerships U.K.

Section 232A (partnerships) applies for the purposes of this Part as it applies for the purposes of Part 3.]

Textual Amendments

F199 S. 268A inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 2(4)

Chapter 2 U.K. Charge to domestic top-up tax

269 Chargeable persons U.K.

(1) A person is chargeable to domestic top-up tax for an accounting period if—

(a) the person is a qualifying entity for that period and is a body corporate or a partnership F200 ..., or

(b) the person is chargeable to tax in respect of an entity—

(i) that is a qualifying entity for that period, and

(ii) that is not a body corporate or a partnership F201 ....

(2) A person is chargeable to tax in respect of an entity if the profits of that entity would, on the relevant assumptions, be the profits of the person for the purposes of income tax or corporation tax.

(3) The relevant assumptions are that—

(a) the entity has profits that are chargeable to income tax or corporation tax, and

(b) the person is resident in the United Kingdom for the purposes of that tax.

F202 (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F202 (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F202 (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(7) Where more than one person is chargeable to tax in relation to the same qualifying entity as a result of the application of subsection (2), each of those persons is jointly and severally liable to domestic top-up tax.

Textual Amendments

F200 Words in s. 269(1)(a) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 2(5)(a)(i)

F201 Words in s. 269(1)(b) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 2(5)(a)(ii)

F202 S. 269(4)-(6) omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 2(5)(b)

270 Amount charged U.K.

(1) Where a person is chargeable to domestic top-up tax for an accounting period as a qualifying entity or in respect of a qualifying entity, the amount (if any) the person must pay is determined as follows—

• Step 1

  Determine whether the entity has any top-up amounts or additional top-up amounts for that period and the extent of those amounts.

• Step 2

  Determine the sum of those amounts.

• Step 3

  If the result of Step 3 is not expressed in sterling, convert the result of that Step to sterling.

(2) Generally, a qualifying entity will have a top-up amount for an accounting period if it has profits for a period and its effective tax rate (or, where it is a member of a group, that of its group) is less than 15%.

(3) Chapter 3 of this Part makes provision, principally by applying (with modifications) provisions in Part 3, for determining—

(a) the effective tax rate of a qualifying entity by reference—

(i) in the case of an entity that is a member of a group, to the profits of, and the taxes payable by, members of the group that are located in the United Kingdom, or

(ii) in the case of an entity that is not a member of a group, to its profits and to the taxes payable by that entity.

(b) those profits,

(c) which taxes (referred to as “covered taxes”) are to be considered in the determining effective tax rates,

(d) top-up amounts, and

(e) additional top-up amounts.

271 Election to make one member of a group liable for amounts charged U.K.

(1) Where multiple members of a group are chargeable to domestic top-up tax in an accounting period, the filing member of the group may elect that only one member of the group specified in the election (the “[F203 elected] member”) is to be liable to pay domestic top-up tax in that period.

(2) Where an election under this section is made—

(a) no member of the group other than the [F204 elected] member is required to pay any amount by way of domestic top-up tax, and

(b) the [F204 elected] member must pay any amount by way of domestic top-up tax any other member of the group would have been required to pay if the election had not been made.

(3) Subsection (2) does not apply if the [F205 elected] member has not consented to the election.

(4) Paragraph 2 of Schedule 15 (annual elections) applies to an election under this section, and has effect for that purpose as if references to an information return or overseas return notification were to a self-assessment return or below-threshold notification.

Textual Amendments

F203 Word in s. 271(1) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 57(1)(a)

F204 Word in s. 271(2) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 57(1)(b)

F205 Word in s. 271(3) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 57(1)(c)

Chapter 3 U.K. Application of multinational top-up tax provisions

272 Determining top-up amounts of entity that is a member of a group U.K.

(1) Subject as follows, Chapters 3 to 6, 8 and 9 of Part 3 apply for the purposes (“domestic purposes”) of determining whether a qualifying entity that is a member of a group has top-up amounts or additional top-up amounts, and the extent of those amounts, as they apply for the purpose of determining the same for the purposes of multinational top-up tax.

(2) Where the group is not a multinational group, that Part has effect for domestic purposes as if any reference to a multinational group were to a group.

(3) Part 3 has effect for those purposes as if the following provisions (which provide for reductions of top-up amounts where a qualifying domestic top-up tax is payable) were omitted—

(a) in section 194, subsections (2) to (7);

(b) in section 203, subsections (3) to (7);

(c) in section 206, subsections (4) to (8).

(4) The following provisions of Part 3 are of no practical application for domestic purposes and accordingly that Part has effect for those purposes as if they were omitted—

(a) section 173(1)(b) and sections 189 to 192 (eligible distribution tax systems);

(b) section 225 (attribution of top-up amounts of investment entities).

(5) Where—

(a) an election is made under Part 3 in relation to a member of a multinational group (whether or not a qualifying entity) for the purposes of multinational top-up tax, and

(b) if the election had effect for domestic purposes, it would affect the calculation of top-up amounts or additional top-up amounts,

that election has effect for domestic purposes.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5), a foreign IIR election is to be treated as an election made under Part 3.

(7) A “foreign IIR election” means an election—

(a) made in respect of a group in connection with a tax equivalent to multinational top-up tax in another Pillar Two territory;

(b) contained in an information return—

(i) submitted to a qualifying authority in that territory, and

(ii) in relation to which information in the return about the election has been shared with HMRC.

(8) For domestic purposes—

(a) section 134 (underlying profits as determined for statements of ultimate parent) has effect as if, after subsection (3), there were inserted—

“(3A) The conditions in subsection (3) are not required to be met if—

(a) the alternative accounting standard is UK GAAP,

(b) all members of the group are located in the United Kingdom, and

(c) the filing member of the group has made an election in a self-assessment return that the underlying profits of all members of the group are to be determined on the basis of UK GAAP.

(3B) Paragraph 1 of Schedule 15 (long term elections) applies to an election under subsection (3A), and has effect for that purpose as if references to an information return or overseas return notification were to a self-assessment return or below-threshold notification.”;

(b) section 176 (amounts to be reflected in covered tax balance) has effect as if, for subsection (2)(i) (amounts allocated from another member of the group), there were substituted—

“(i) any amount allocated to the member from another member of the group under section 178(1) (reallocation of tax expense).”;

(c) section 178 (reallocation of tax expense) has effect as if—

(i) [F206 for subsection (1A) there were substituted]—

“(1A) But qualifying tax expense in respect of tax imposed by a territory other than the United Kingdom is not to be allocated to O as a result of the allocation of profits under section 167 (hybrids).”;

(ii) subsection (2) (restriction on allocation of tax expense in respect of mobile income) were omitted;

(d) section 179 (controlled foreign companies) has effect as if subsection (2) (restriction on allocation to CFC) were omitted;

[F207 (da) in section 182(2)(e), after “credits”, in the first place it occurs, there were inserted “other than qualifying refundable tax credits”;]

(e) section 193 (calculation of top-up amounts) has effect [F208 in relation to a qualifying entity that is a standard member of a group] as if the total top-up amount referred to in that section included any top-up amounts or additional top-up amounts of [F209 qualifying] investment entities determined under sections 220 to 224.

[F210 (9) An investment entity is a qualifying investment entity in relation to a qualifying entity if it is

(a) a member of the same group as the qualifying entity, and

(b) located in United Kingdom.

(10) Subsection (11) applies to qualifying entities that are standard members of a group for an accounting period where—

(a) the total top-up amount referred to in section 193 for that period is greater than nil as a result of the modification of that section set out in subsection (8)(e), and

(b) none of those members have made a profit for that period (and accordingly will not, ignoring subsection (11), have top-up amounts).

(11) Where this subsection applies, each of those members has a top-up amount (for the purposes of domestic top-up tax) equal to the total top-up amount divided by the number of qualifying entities that are standard members of the group.]

Textual Amendments

F206 Words in s. 272(8)(c)(i) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 57(2)

F207 S. 272(8)(da) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 44(1)

F208 Words in s. 272(8)(e) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 43(3)(a)(i)

F209 Word in s. 272(8)(e) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 43(3)(a)(ii)

F210 S. 272(9)-(11) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 43(3)(b)

[F211 272A Treatment of covered bond vehicles U.K.

(1) This section applies where—

(a) a covered bond vehicle that is a member of a group would, ignoring this section, have a top-up amount or an additional top-up amount for an accounting period, and

(b) at least one of the other members of the group in that period—

(i) is located in the United Kingdom, and

(ii) is not a covered bond vehicle.

(2) For domestic purposes, section 193 (calculation of top-up amounts) has effect for the purpose of determining the top-up amounts (and additional top-up amounts) of—

(a) the covered bond vehicle, and

(b) the other members of the group that are located in the United Kingdom,

as if the adjusted profits of the covered bond vehicle were nil.

(3) But subsection (4) applies if none of the members of the group that are located in the United Kingdom, and are not covered bond vehicles, have made a profit for that period (and accordingly will not, ignoring that subsection, have top-up amounts).

(4) Each of those members has a top-up amount equal to the amount given by dividing—

(a) the sum of the top-up amounts and additional top-up amounts that, ignoring subsection (2), each covered bond vehicle located in the United Kingdom would otherwise have, by

(b) the number of those members.

(5) For the purposes of this section “covered bond vehicle” has the meaning given by paragraph 53(7) of Schedule 19 to FA 2011.]

Textual Amendments

F211 S. 272A inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 42(3)

273 Determining top-up amounts of entity that is not a member of a group U.K.

(1) Chapters 3 to 6, 8 and 9 of Part 3 apply for the purposes (“domestic entity purposes”) of determining whether a qualifying entity that is not a member of a group has top-up amounts or additional top-up amounts, and the extent of those amounts, as they apply for the purpose of determining the same for the purposes of multinational top-up tax.

(2) Chapter 3 of that Part has effect for domestic entity purposes as if for section 132 there were substituted—

“132 Effective tax rate

The effective tax rate of a qualifying entity that is not a member of a group is determined as follows—

• Step 1

  Determine, in accordance with Chapter 4 of Part 3, the adjusted profits for that period of that member.

• Step 2

  If, on determining those adjusted profits, the member has not made a profit, the effective tax rate is to be treated as 15%. Otherwise, proceed to Step 3.

• Step 3

  Determine the covered tax balance of the member for the period (which may be negative) in accordance with Chapter 5 of Part 3.

• Step 4

  If that balance is nil the effective tax rate is 0%. Otherwise, proceed to Step 5.

• Step 5

  Divide the covered tax balance by the adjusted profits.

• Step 6

  Except where Step 2 or 4 applies, the effective tax rate of the entity is X%, where X (which will be negative if the covered tax balance is negative) is the result of Step 5 multiplied by 100.”

(3) That Part has effect for domestic entity purposes as if—

(a) references to “member of a multinational group” (however framed and including references to multiple members) were to “qualifying entity”;

(b) any reference (however framed) to the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent were to the qualifying financial statements of the entity;

[F212 (ba) in section 182(2)(e), after “credits”, in the first place it occurs, there were inserted “other than qualifying refundable tax credits”;]

(c) in section 194 (total top-up amount), subsections (2) to (7) were omitted;

(d) in section 203 (additional top-up amounts: covered taxes less than expected), subsections (3) to (7) were omitted;

(e) in section 206 (additional top-up amounts: recalculations), subsections (4) to (8) were omitted.

(4) Part 3 has effect for those purposes as if the following provisions (which are only relevant to groups or have no relevance for domestic [F213 entity] purposes) were omitted—

(a) in section 134 (underlying profits as determined for statements of ultimate parent), subsections (2) to (9);

(b) section 135 (permanent establishments);

(c) section 139 (consolidation adjustments);

(d) section 140 (purchase accounting adjustments);

(e) in section 141 (general exclusion of dividends), [F214 subsection (3)(c)];

(f) section 149 (arm’s length requirement);

(g) section 150 (transactions between group members);

(h) section 154 (exclusion of qualifying intra-group financing arrangement expenses);

(i) sections 159 and 160 (adjustments applicable to permanent establishments);

(j) in section 163 (election to spread capital gains), subsection (3);

(k) section 164 (election to exclude intra-group transactions);

(l) section 167 (underlying profits of member of group seen as transparent);

(m) in section 168 (underlying profits of flow-through entities), subsection (8);

(n) section 169 (non-tax resident entities to be treated as flow-through entities);

(o) section 170 (adjustments for ultimate parent that is flow-through entity);

(p) section 172 (ultimate parent subject to deductible dividend regime);

[F215 (pa) in section 173 (covered taxes), subsection (1)(b);]

(q) section 177 (allocation of covered taxes: permanent establishments);

(r) section 178 (reallocation of tax expense);

(s) sections 179 and 180 (controlled foreign company tax regimes);

(t) section 181 (distributions from other group members);

(u) section 183 (qualifying foreign tax credits);

(v) sections 189 to 192 (deemed distribution tax election);

(w) sections 208 to 212 (restructuring of groups);

(x) sections 213 to 215 (elections in relation to investment entities);

(y) in section 216 (election where assets and liabilities adjusted to fair value), subsection (6);

(z) sections 226 to 229 (joint venture groups, minority owned members and multi-parent groups).

Textual Amendments

F212 S. 273(3)(ba) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 44(2)

F213 Word in s. 273(4) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 57(3)(a)

F214 Words in s. 273(4)(e) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 57(3)(b)

F215 S. 273(4)(pa) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 57(3)(c)

[F216 273A References to Pillar Two rules U.K.

(1) The provisions mentioned in subsection (2) apply to a qualifying entity, for domestic or domestic entity purposes, as if the references to the first accounting period for which the Pillar Two rules apply were to the first accounting period for which the entity is a qualifying entity.

(2) Those provisions are—

(a) section 185;

(b) section 187;

(d) sub-paragraph (4) of paragraph 2 of Schedule 16 (but see also section 276(c)(iii) which omits that paragraph in the case of a qualifying entity that is not a member of a group).]

Textual Amendments

F216 Ss. 273A, 273B inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 45(1)

[F216 273B Effect of becoming subject to Pillar Two rules U.K.

(1) This section applies where the Pillar Two rules did not apply to a qualifying entity for one or more accounting periods (each a “pre-Pillar Two period”).

(2) Where—

(a) the entity has a recaptured deferred tax liability arising as a result of section 184 (recaptured deferred tax liabilities),

(b) the initial period, in relation to that liability, is a pre-Pillar Two period, and

(c) the first accounting period in which the Pillar Two rules apply to the entity is earlier than the sixth accounting period after the initial period,

section 184(2) (recalculation in initial period taking account of recaptured deferred tax liability) does not apply in relation to that recaptured deferred tax liability.

(3) Where an election under section 187 (election for losses to be treated as special loss deferred tax assets) applied to the entity in a pre-Pillar Two period—

(a) the election ceases to have effect for the first accounting period in which the Pillar Two rules apply, and

(b) subsection (2)(b) of section 187 does not apply to prevent the making of an election under section 187 that applies to the entity and that has effect for that period, but

(c) no remaining amount of special loss deferred tax assets that arose in a pre-Pillar Two period may be used in that first accounting period or any subsequent accounting period.

(4) Subsection (5) or (6) (as the case may be) applies where—

(a) a deferred tax asset arises to the entity in a pre-Pillar Two period,

(b) section 185(7)—

(i) applies to that asset for the purposes of multinational top-up tax, or

(ii) would, ignoring subsection (5) below, apply to that asset for those purposes, and

(c) the asset is reflected in a collective additional amount for the purposes of domestic top-up tax.

(5) Where—

(a) an election has been made under section 205 (election to carry forward) in relation to the collective additional amount,

(b) the subtraction required by subsection (2)(a) of that section has not occurred in a pre-Pillar Two period,

the amount to be subtracted as a result of that subsection is to be reduced by so much of that amount as reflects the asset.

(6) Otherwise, section 185(7) does not apply to the asset for the purposes of multinational top-up tax to the extent it was reflected in a collective additional amount for the purposes domestic top-up tax.]

Textual Amendments

F216 Ss. 273A, 273B inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 45(1)

[F217 273C Dividends from protected cell companies U.K.

(1) This section applies to a dividend or other distribution made by a protected cell company that is received or accrued by—

(a) a qualifying entity that is not a member of a group, or

(b) a member of a group that has no members located outside of the United Kingdom.

(2) A dividend or other distribution to which this section applies is to be treated as an excluded dividend (see section 141) for domestic purposes and domestic entity purposes.]

Textual Amendments

F217 S. 273C inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 46

F218 274 Application of section 262 U.K.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F218 S. 274 omitted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 47(2)

275 Application of Schedule 14 U.K.

Schedule 18—

(a) applies Schedule 14 for the purpose of the administration of domestic top-up tax;

(b) makes related amendments.

276 Application of transitional provision U.K.

The transitional provision in Schedule 16 applies in relation to domestic top-up tax as it applies in relation to multinational top-up tax as if—

(a) references in that Schedule to a multinational group were to a group;

[F219 (aa) where a qualifying member is a member of a group, for paragraph 3(2)(c) there were substituted—

“(c) the election has been made in respect of the territory for each preceding accounting period that commenced on or after 31 December 2023—

(i) in which the Pillar Two rules would, ignoring any transitional safe harbour election, have applied to any member of the group in the territory, and

(ii) in which any member of the group is a qualifying entity for the purposes of domestic top-up tax,”,]

(b) where a qualifying entity is a member of a group and all members of the group are located in the United Kingdom, the following provisions of that Schedule (which have no relevance in such a case) were omitted—

(i) paragraph 3(2)(b) and (d), and 3(7) [F220 to (9)] (country-by-country reporting);

(ii) the words “that are used for preparation of the group’s country-by-country report” in paragraph 4(2);

(iii) paragraph 4(5) (use of statements used for preparation of country-by-country report);

(iv) in paragraph 9(2), the words from “ignoring” to the end.

(c) where a qualifying entity is not a member of a group—

(i) references in that Schedule to a member of a group (however framed and including references to multiple members) were to a qualifying entity;

(ii) references in that Schedule (however framed) to the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent were to the qualifying financial statements of the entity;

(iii) paragraph 2 were omitted;

[F221 (iiia) for paragraph 3(2)(c) there were substituted—

“(c) the election has been made in respect of the territory for each preceding accounting period that commenced on or after 31 December 2023 in which the member was a qualifying entity for the purposes of domestic top-up tax,”,]

(iv) the provisions mentioned in paragraph (b)(i) to (iv) were omitted.

Textual Amendments

F219 S. 276(aa) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 45(2)(a)

F220 Words in s. 276(b)(i) substituted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 29(3)

F221 S. 276(c)(iiia) inserted (22.2.2024 with effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 31.12.2023 in accordance with Sch. 12 para. 1(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), Sch. 12 para. 45(2)(b)

277 Index of defined expressions U.K.

See the table in Schedule 17 for a list of terms defined for Part 3, but which also contains some terms defined for this Part, and the provisions that define or explain them.

278 Domestic top-up tax to apply from 31 December 2023 U.K.

This Part has effect in relation to accounting periods commencing on or after 31 December 2023.

Part 5 U.K. Electricity generator levy

Introduction and charge U.K.

279 Charge on exceptional generation receipts U.K.

(1) If a qualifying generating undertaking has exceptional generation receipts for a qualifying period, that undertaking is liable to pay a charge equal to 45% of those exceptional receipts.

(2) The charge is referred to in this Part as the “electricity generator levy”.

(3) A generating undertaking is “qualifying” in a qualifying period if generation attributed to it under this Part (see section 282, but also sections 294 to 297) for that period exceeds the levy threshold.

(4) The levy threshold for a qualifying period is—

(a) where the period is a year, 50,000 megawatt hours, or

(b) where the period is shorter than a year, that number of megawatt hours multiplied by the amount given by dividing the number of days in the period by 365.

(5) To determine if a generating undertaking has exceptional generation receipts for a qualifying period and (if so) the amount of those receipts, take the following steps—

• Step 1 (attribute generation receipts)

  Determine the amount of generation receipts to be attributed to the undertaking for the period in accordance with section 283.

• Step 2 (determine the maximum amount of receipts that would not be exceptional)

  Multiply the amount of electricity generation (expressed in megawatt hours) attributed to the undertaking for the period (see section 282) by the benchmark amount (see section 281).

• Step 3 (determine whether undertaking has receipts that exceed that amount)

  Subtract the result of Step 2 from the amount determined under Step 1.

  If the result of this Step is nil or less, the undertaking does not have any exceptional generation receipts (otherwise, carry on to Step 4).

• Step 4 (subtract allowable costs)

  Determine the amount of allowable costs (if any) to be attributed to the undertaking for the period (see section 284) and subtract that amount from the result of Step 3.

  If the result of this Step is nil or less, the undertaking does not have any exceptional generation receipts (otherwise, carry on to Step 5).

• Step 5 (apply revenue allowance)

  Subtract the revenue allowance for the period from the result of Step 4.

• Step 6 (result of Step 5 is amount of exceptional generation receipts unless negative)

  If the result of Step 5 is nil or less, the undertaking does not have any exceptional generation receipts.

  Otherwise, the amount of exceptional generation receipts the undertaking has for the period is the result of Step 5.

(6) For the purposes of Step 5, the revenue allowance for a generating undertaking for a qualifying period is—

(a) where the period is a year, £10 million, or

(b) where the period is shorter than a year, £10 million multiplied by the amount given by dividing the number of days in the period by 365.

(7) Other provisions in this Part may affect the determination of exceptional generation receipts, including—

(a) section 293, which contains provision attributing amounts from a joint venture to its participants,

(b) sections 294 and 295, which contain provision that attributes generation to participants in a joint venture in certain circumstances,

(c) sections 296 and 297, which contain provision that attributes generation to significant minority shareholders in a generating undertaking in certain circumstances, and

(d) section 308, which contains anti-avoidance provision.

280 Key concepts (generating undertaking etc) U.K.

(1) In this Part—

• “company” has the meaning it has in the Corporation Tax Acts (see section 1121 of CTA 2010);

• “generating undertaking” means—

  (a)

  a company, other than a company that is a member of a group, that operates a relevant generating station, or

  (b)

  a group of companies that includes at least one member who operates a relevant generating station;

• a generating station is “relevant”—

  (a)

  if it generates electricity at a relevant place and is not a generating station that mainly generates electricity—

  (i)

  as a result of the burning of oil, coal or natural gas, or

  (ii)

  as a result of the use of plant driven by water, where the power is mainly a result of the hydrostatic head of the water having been increased by pumping, F222 ...

  (b)

  to the extent that it is not subject to—

  (i)

  a contract for difference within the meaning of Chapter 2 of Part 2 of the Energy Act 2013 (contracts for difference),

  (ii)

  an investment contract within the meaning of Schedule 2 to that Act (investment contracts),

  (iii)

  a revenue collection contract within the meaning of Part 2 of the Nuclear Energy (Financing) Act 2022 (revenue collection contracts), or

  (iv)

  feed-in tariff export payments [F223 , and

  (c)

  to the extent it is not comprised of qualifying new generating plant (see section 311A);]

• “relevant place” means a place in—

  (a)

  the United Kingdom,

  (b)

  the territorial sea of the United Kingdom, or

  (c)

  a Renewable Energy Zone within the meaning of Part 2 of the Energy Act 2004 (see section 84(4) of that Act);

• a generating station is “subject”—

  (a)

  to a contract for difference or an investment contract to the extent that its output may give rise to payments under such an instrument, and

  (b)

  to feed-in tariff export payments to the extent its output gives rise to such payments, and

  (c)

  to a revenue collection contract if the station is the subject of such a contract.

(2) References in this Part to a “qualifying period” in relation to a generating undertaking means—

(a) the period, if any, between the beginning of 1 January 2023 and the commencement of the first accounting period of the undertaking that commences on or after 1 January 2023,

(b) the first accounting period of the undertaking commencing on or after 1 January 2023,

(c) every subsequent accounting period of the undertaking that ends on or before 31 March 2028, and

(d) the period, if any, between the end of the last accounting period ending on or before 31 March 2028 and the end of 31 March 2028.

(3) References in this Part to an “accounting period” are—

(a) in relation to a company within the charge to corporation tax, to an accounting period for the purposes of that tax, or

(b) in relation to a company not within the charge to corporation tax, to a period that would be an accounting period for the purposes of that tax were the company within the charge to that tax and had first come within it on 1 January 2023.

See also section 288, which provides that the accounting period of a generating undertaking that is a group is the accounting period of its lead member.

Textual Amendments

F222 Word in s. 280(1) omitted (22.2.2024) by virtue of Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), s. 21(2)(a)

F223 Words in s. 280(1) inserted (22.2.2024) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), s. 21(2)(b)

281 Benchmark amount U.K.

(1) The benchmark amount for the financial years ending in 2023 and 2024 is £75.

(2) The benchmark amount for each subsequent financial year is the benchmark amount for the previous financial year—

(a) increased or decreased by the same percentage as the consumer prices index for the December before the start of that subsequent financial year has increased or decreased from that index for the previous December, and

(b) rounded up to the nearest whole penny.

(3) Before the commencement of each of the financial years ending in 2025 to 2028, His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (referred to elsewhere in this Part as “HMRC”) must publish the benchmark amount for that financial year in such manner as they consider appropriate.

(4) Subsections (5) to (7) apply where 2 financial years fall within a qualifying period.

(5) Generation attributed to a generating undertaking for that period is to be allocated, on a fair and reasonable basis, between those financial years.

(6) The calculation in Step 2 of section 279(5) is to be applied separately to the generation allocated to each of those financial years by reference to the benchmark amount for that year.

(7) Accordingly, the result of that Step is to be the sum of those calculations.

(8) In this section—

• “consumer prices index” means the all items consumer prices index published by the Statistics Board;

• “financial year” means a period of twelve months ending with 31st March.

Calculation of exceptional generation receipts U.K.

282 Attribution of generation U.K.

(1) The following amounts of generation, expressed in megawatt hours, are to be attributed to a generating undertaking for a qualifying period—

(a) any grid connected electricity generation of a relevant generating station of the undertaking for the period, and

(b) the amount given by multiplying—

(i) the amount (if any) of grid connected electricity generation for the period of a relevant generating station that is operated by a qualifying partnership in relation to the undertaking (see section 291), by

(ii) the qualifying proportion for that period (see that section).

(2) For the purposes of this Part, a generating station is a generating station of a generating undertaking if—

(a) in the case of an undertaking that is a company, it is operated by that company otherwise than in partnership with another person, and

(b) in the case of an undertaking that is a group, it is operated by any member of that group—

(i) including where the station is operated in partnership and all of the partners are members of the group, but

(ii) not including where the station is operated in partnership and one or more of the partners are not members of the group.

(3) “Grid connected electricity generation” of a relevant generating station for a qualifying period means—

(a) electricity generated by the station in that period for the purpose of giving a supply to any premises or enabling a supply to be so given where that supply would involve the use of a licensed distribution system or a licensed transmission system, and

(b) electricity that was, at any time, expected to be (but was not) generated by the station in that period for that purpose.

(4) But for the purposes only of—

(a) section 279(3) (application of levy threshold), and

(b) Step 2 in section 279(5) (determination of maximum amount of receipts that would not be exceptional),

ignore any electricity that was expected to be, but was not, generated by a relevant generating station unless the electricity was not generated in connection with an accepted bid to decrease generation under a settlement code.

283 Generation receipts U.K.

(1) Where generation is attributed to a generating undertaking under section 282(1) for a qualifying period, generation receipts in respect of that generation are to be attributed to that undertaking for that period.

(2) In this Part “generation receipts” means amounts that it is fair and reasonable to attribute to generation attributed under section 282(1) (whether or not they are received by, or otherwise arise to the operator of the station) on the basis that the amounts reflect, directly or indirectly, the amount realised (or to be realised) for the wholesale purchase of electricity arising from that generation (whether or not the electricity is actually generated).

(3) In determining the amounts realised (or to be realised) for the wholesale purchase of electricity the following are, amongst other things, to be taken into account—

(a) amounts received in accordance with a settlement code in connection with accepted offers to increase generation (but not amounts in connection with accepted bids to decrease generation);

(b) imbalance charges under such a code;

(c) payments and receipts under arrangements whose principal purpose is to act as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the price of electricity where those arrangements relate to generation attributed under section 282(1).

(4) The arrangements referred to in subsection (3)(c) may include arrangements comprising, or that include the use of, options, futures and contracts for difference (within the meaning of Part 7 of CTA 2009).

(5) The Treasury may by regulations make provision about when amounts can (and cannot) be fairly and reasonably attributed to generation under subsection (2).

(6) Regulations may also provide that—

(a) amounts of a specified description are always to be treated as generation receipts;

(b) amounts of a specified description are never to be treated as generation receipts.

“Specified” means specified in the regulations.

(7) Subsection (8) applies to generation attributed to a generating undertaking under section 282(1) if—

(a) provision, within the meaning of Part 4 of TIOPA 2010, has been made or imposed as between two persons by means of a transaction or series of transactions,

(b) that provision relates to that generation,

(c) if instead of that provision the arm's length provision had been made or imposed, one of those persons would have an amount that it is fair and reasonable to attribute the generating undertaking in accordance with subsection (2), and

(d) were that person within the charge to corporation tax, their profits and losses would be calculated (as a result of Part 4 of TIOPA 2010) as if the arm's length provision had been made or imposed instead of the provision actually made or imposed.

(8) Where this subsection applies to generation attributed to a generating undertaking, generation receipts in respect of it are to be determined as if the arm's length provision had been made or imposed instead of the provision actually made or imposed.

(9) In this Part “the arm's length provision” has the meaning it has in Part 4 of TIOPA 2010.

284 Allowable costs U.K.

(1) “Allowable costs” means—

(a) exceptional generation fuel costs of relevant generating stations (see section 285),

(b) exceptional revenue sharing costs in respect of relevant generating stations (see section 286), and

(c) qualifying electricity purchase costs (see subsection (6)).

(2) Allowable costs may only be attributed to a generating undertaking for a qualifying period to the extent—

(a) those costs are fairly and reasonably attributable to generation receipts attributed to the undertaking for the period,

(b) they reflect expenses of the undertaking (or, in the case of an undertaking that is a group, of one or more of its members), and

(c) those costs are not already reflected in the determination of the amounts of those receipts.

(3) Allowable costs are only to be attributed to a generating undertaking if a claim is made for those allowable costs in a company tax return.

In this Part “company tax return” has the same meaning as in Schedule 18 to FA 1998 (see paragraph 3(1) of that Schedule).

(4) Subsection (5) applies to allowable costs of a person (“the cost holder”) to be attributed to a generating undertaking if—

(a) the costs arise as a result of provision made or imposed as between the cost holder and another person by means of a transaction or series of transactions, and

(b) were the cost holder within the charge to corporation tax, the cost holder’s profits and losses would be calculated (as a result of Part 4 of TIOPA 2010) as if the arm's length provision had been made or imposed instead of the provision actually made or imposed.

(5) Where this subsection applies to allowable costs, the amount of those costs is to be determined as if that arm's length provision had been made or imposed instead of the provision it arose as a result of.

(6) In this section “qualifying electricity purchase costs” means costs reasonably incurred in the purchase of electricity in order to comply with the terms of an agreement under which it was expected that a relevant generating station will generate but does not do so.

285 Exceptional generation fuel costs U.K.

(1) For the purposes of a claim for allowable costs by a generating undertaking, the amount (if any) of “exceptional generation fuel costs” of a relevant generating station for a qualifying period is to be determined as follows—

• Step 1

  Determine the generation fuel costs for the station for that period.

• Step 2

  Divide the amount of those costs by the amount of electricity generated by the station in that period (expressed in megawatt hours) that are attributable to a generating undertaking.

• Step 3

  Determine the baseline fuel cost of the station.

• Step 4

  If the result of Step 2 is the same as or less than the baseline fuel cost, there are no exceptional generation fuel costs of the station for that period.

• Step 5

  If the result of Step 2 is greater than the baseline fuel cost, subtract the baseline fuel cost from the result of Step 2.

• Step 6

  Multiply the amount of electricity generated by the station that is attributable to a generating undertaking in that period by the result of Step 5 to give the amount of exceptional generation fuel costs of the station for that period.

(2) The “generation fuel costs” of a relevant generating station for a period means costs which, on a fair and reasonable basis, can be directly attributed to the acquisition of fuel used for generating electricity in that period (which may include the costs of transporting such fuel) that is attributable to a generating undertaking.

(3) The baseline fuel cost of a relevant generating station is the lesser of—

(a) the average generation fuel costs of the station per megawatt hour for the reference period specified in the claim for allowable costs, determined on a fair and reasonable basis (and which cannot be less than nil), and

(b) £65 per megawatt hour.

(4) Subject to subsection (5), the reference period that may be specified in the claim must—

(a) be a period of at least 12 months in which there is a period of 3 months where the generating station was generating on 50% or more of the days in that 3 month period,

(b) commence no earlier than 1 January 2017, and

(c) end no later than 1 March 2020.

(5) Where a reference period cannot be specified in the claim in accordance with subsection (4) because there is no period of at least 12 months between 1 January 2017 and 1 March 2020 in which there is a period of 3 months where the generating station was generating on 50% or more of the days in that 3 month period—

(a) a period of 12 months commencing no earlier than 1 January 2017 and ending no later than 1 March 2020 may be specified as the reference period,

(b) the average generation fuel costs of the station for the purposes of subsection (3)(a) is to be determined as a fair and reasonable estimate of what those costs would have been—

(i) had the generating station been generating in that period, and

(ii) had it been generating on a similar basis in that period as it had been generating in the period of 12 months ending with the end of the qualifying period to which the claim relates.

(6) Where a generating station uses more than one type of fuel, a generating undertaking making a claim for allowable costs in respect of the exceptional fuel costs of that station may calculate the exceptional generation fuel costs in relation to each type of fuel separately, and may specify different reference periods for those calculations.

(7) Where a generating undertaking makes a claim for allowable costs in respect of exceptional generation fuel costs of two or more generating stations that use the same type of fuel, the same reference period must be specified in relation to the calculation of exceptional generation costs in relation to fuel of the same type.

286 Exceptional revenue sharing costs U.K.

(1) Subsection (2) applies for the purposes of determining the amount of allowable costs that may be claimed by a generating undertaking in respect of exceptional revenue sharing costs.

(2) Take the following steps to determine the amount (if any) that can be claimed for a qualifying period—

• Step 1

  Determine if there are any relevant generating stations whose generation has been attributed to the undertaking in relation to which there are qualifying arrangements under which payments are made to a third party in relation to the undertaking by reference to—

  (a)

  the price received for generation by that station, or

  (b)

  the wholesale price of electricity.

• Step 2

  Determine the amounts paid, in respect of each of those arrangements.

• Step 3

  In relation to each such payment, determine the amount that would have been paid if the price received for generation by the station in question and the wholesale price of electricity had been the benchmark amount and subtract that amount from the amount actually paid.

• Step 4

  Add together the results of Step 3.

  If the result of Step 3 is nil or less the generating undertaking, no amount can be claimed.

  If the result of Step 3 is more than nil, that amount can be claimed (to the extent it is fairly and reasonably attributable to generation receipts attributed to the undertaking).

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), arrangements are “qualifying” if they are arrangements under which fuel for generating electricity is acquired and the requirement to make payments under the arrangements relates to that acquisition.

(4) Where the arrangements provide for some or all of the cost of paying the levy to be passed to the third party (whether by way of reduction of payments or otherwise) no amount of allowable costs in relation to the arrangements may be claimed unless subsection (6) applies.

(5) Subsection (6) applies where the arrangements provide for a fixed proportion of the cost of paying the levy to be passed to the third party.

(6) Where this subsection applies, the proportion of the amount calculated under subsection (2) that is equal to the proportion of the costs of paying the levy that are not passed to the third party may be claimed.

(7) In this section—

• “third party”, in relation to a generating undertaking, means a person that is not a significant equity holder in—

  (a)

  where the undertaking is not a group, the undertaking, or

  (b)

  where the undertaking is a group, any member of the group;

• a person (“P”), other than a member of a group of companies, is a “significant equity holder” in a company (“C”) if—

  (a)

  P is beneficially entitled to 20% or more of any profits available for distribution to equity holders of C,

  (b)

  P would be beneficially entitled to 20% or more of any assets of C available for distribution to its equity holders on a winding-up, or

  (c)

  at least 20% of C‘s ordinary share capital is owned directly or indirectly by P;

• a member of a group of companies is a “significant equity holder” in a company (“C”) if—

  (a)

  members of the group between them are beneficially entitled to 20% or more of any profits available for distribution to equity holders of C,

  (b)

  members of the group between them would be beneficially entitled to 20% or more of any assets of C available for distribution to its equity holders on a winding-up, or

  (c)

  at least 20% of C‘s ordinary share capital is owned directly or indirectly by members of the group.

Groups, partnerships and joint ventures U.K.

287 Groups U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Part, the following form a “group”—

(a) a company that is not a 75% subsidiary of any other company, and

(b) every company that is a 75% subsidiary—

(i) of that company,

(ii) of a 75% subsidiary of that company, or

(iii) of a 75% subsidiary of a 75% subsidiary of that company, and so on.

(2) The company in a group that is not a 75% subsidiary of any other company is the “principal member” of the group.

(3) Every other member of the group is a “subsidiary member”.

(4) A company (“B”) is a “75% subsidiary” of another company (“A”) if—

(a) A is beneficially entitled to 75% or more of any profits available for distribution to equity holders of B,

(b) A would be beneficially entitled to 75% or more of any assets of B available for distribution to its equity holders on a winding-up, or

(c) at least 75% of B’s ordinary share capital is owned directly or indirectly by A.

(5) Where as a result of the application of each of paragraphs (a) to (c) of subsection (4) a company would (ignoring this paragraph) be a member of more than one group, that company is to be treated as only being a 75% subsidiary of the first company it is a subsidiary of applying the rules in those paragraphs in order (starting with paragraph (a)).

(6) If at any time a company that is a generating undertaking becomes a member of a group that is a generating undertaking (including a group that becomes a generating undertaking as a result of that company becoming a member), the final qualifying period of the company ends at that time.

(7) If at any time a group ceases to be a group as a result of the principal member becoming a 75% subsidiary of another group, the final qualifying period of the group ends at that time.

288 Lead member of a group and its qualifying periods U.K.

(1) For the purposes of section 280(2) (meaning of qualifying period), the reference to an accounting period of a generating undertaking that is a group means an accounting period of its lead member.

(2) Take the following steps in order to identify the lead member of the group (stopping at the first step under which a member of the group is identified as the lead member)—

• Step 1

  If there is a member of the group that—

  (a)

  is within the charge to corporation tax, and

  (b)

  is nominated for the purposes of this section,

  that member is the lead member of the group.

• Step 2

  If the principal member of the group is within the charge to corporation tax, it is the lead member of the group.

• Step 3

  If—

  (a)

  there is a member of the group that—

  (i)

  is within the charge to corporation tax, and

  (ii)

  has no 75% parent within the charge to corporation tax, and

  (b)

  there is no other member of the group falling within paragraph (a),

  that member is the lead member of the group.

• Step 4

  If there is more than one member falling within paragraph (a) of Step 3, the lead member is the member falling within that paragraph to which the greatest amount of generation would be attributed under section 282(1) in the period of 12 months ending with the later of 31 December 2022 and the beginning of the first qualifying period in which the group is a qualifying generating undertaking if—

  (a)

  each such member were a generating undertaking, and

  (b)

  that period of 12 months were a qualifying period.

• Step 5

  If none of the preceding steps identifies a lead member, the principal member of the group (who will not be within the charge to corporation tax) is the lead member of the group.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), a company (“P”) is a 75% parent of another company if that other company is a 75% subsidiary—

(a) of P,

(b) of a 75% subsidiary of P, or

(c) of a 75% subsidiary of a 75% subsidiary of P, and so on.

(4) A nomination of a member of a group as the lead member of the group—

(a) is to be made by the member of the group that, ignoring Step 1 in subsection (2), would be the lead member of the group (“the nominating member”),

(b) must be made by notice to HMRC,

(c) must specify when it takes effect, which must be no earlier than the commencement of the qualifying period in which it is made, and

(d) has effect until—

(i) a further nomination takes effect,

(ii) it is revoked, or

(iii) the nominated member leaves the group.

(5) The revocation of a nomination of a member of a group as the lead member—

(a) is to be made by the member of the group that, ignoring Step 1 in subsection (2), would be the lead member of the group,

(b) must be made by notice to HMRC, and

(c) must specify when it takes effect, which must be no earlier than the commencement of the qualifying period in which it is made.

(6) Where a company becomes lead member of a group during a qualifying period, and that period is not the same as an accounting period of the new lead member—

(a) the qualifying period ends, and

(b) a qualifying period commences that ends with the end of the current accounting period of the new lead member.

289 Liability of members of groups U.K.

Where a generating undertaking that is a group is liable to an amount of electricity generator levy—

(a) the lead member is liable to pay that amount, and

(b) every other member is jointly and severally liable for that amount.

290 Election for members with significant minority shareholding to pay levy U.K.

(1) This section applies where—

(a) a generating undertaking that is a group is liable to an amount of electricity generator levy for a qualifying period,

(b) a subsidiary member of that group (“the relevant member”) has, at any time in that period, at least one significant minority shareholder,

(c) some, or all, of that amount is attributable, on a fair and reasonable basis, to the activities of the relevant member and, if it has one or more relevant subsidiaries, those relevant subsidiaries.

(2) Where this section applies, the lead member of the group may elect that so much of the amount as is attributable to the activities of the relevant member and (where it has one or more relevant subsidiaries) its relevant subsidiaries must be paid by that member.

(3) But the other members of the group are jointly and severally liable for that amount.

(4) An election under this section in respect of an amount of electricity generator levy for a qualifying period must be made no later than 9 months after the end of that period.

(5) For the purposes of this Part—

(a) a person (“P”) is a significant minority shareholder in a subsidiary member of a group (“S”) if P is not a member of the group and—

(i) P is beneficially entitled to 10% or more of any profits available for distribution to equity holders of S,

(ii) P would be beneficially entitled to 10% or more of any assets of S available for distribution to its equity holders on a winding-up, or

(iii) at least 10% of S‘s ordinary share capital is owned by P, and

(b) a group of companies (other than the group S is a member of) is a significant minority shareholder in S if—

(i) members of the group are, between them, beneficially entitled to 10% or more of any profits available for distribution to equity holders of S,

(ii) members of the group between them would be beneficially entitled to 10% or more of any assets of S available for distribution to its equity holders on a winding-up, or

(iii) at least 10% of S‘s ordinary share capital is owned by members of the group.

(6) For the purposes of this section and sections 296 and 297, a company is a relevant subsidiary of another company if it is a 75% subsidiary of—

(a) that other company,

(b) a 75% subsidiary of that other company, or

(c) a 75% subsidiary of a 75% subsidiary of that other company, and so on.

291 Qualifying partnerships U.K.

(1) A “qualifying partnership”, in relation to a generating undertaking, means a partnership that operates a relevant generating station whose partners include—

(a) in the case of a generating undertaking that is a company, that company, or

(b) in the case of a generating undertaking that is a group, at least one partner who is not a member of the group and at least one partner who is a member of the group.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) of section 282, the qualifying proportion for a qualifying period in relation to a generating undertaking that is a company and a qualifying partnership in relation to that undertaking is the proportion of the partnership’s profits represented by the undertaking’s share of those profits.

(3) For the purposes of that subsection, the qualifying proportion for a qualifying period in relation to a generating undertaking that is a group and a qualifying partnership in relation to that undertaking is the proportion of the partnership’s profits represented by the sum of the shares of those profits of each partner that is a member of the undertaking.

(4) Part 17 of CTA 2009 (partnerships) applies for the purposes of this section as it applies for the purposes of corporation tax.

292 Qualifying joint ventures U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Part a company (“C”) is a “qualifying joint venture” if—

(a) C is not a member of a group other than a group of which it is the principal member, and

(b) there are five or fewer persons who between them—

(i) hold 75% or more of C’s ordinary share capital, or

(ii) in a case where C does not have ordinary share capital, are beneficially entitled to 75% or more of C's profits available for distribution to equity holders of C.

(2) In determining whether there are five or fewer such persons as are mentioned in subsection (1)(b), the members of a group are treated as if they were a single company.

(3) A company (“P”) that is not a member of a group is a participant in a qualifying joint venture (“V”) if—

(a) P holds 10% or more of V’s ordinary share capital, or

(b) in a case where V does not have ordinary share capital, P is beneficially entitled to 10% or more of V's profits available for distribution to equity holders of V.

(4) A group of companies is a participant in a qualifying joint venture (“V”) if—

(a) a member of that group, or two or more members between them, hold 10% or more of V’s ordinary share capital, or

(b) in a case where V does not have ordinary share capital, a member of the group is, or two or more members between them are, beneficially entitled to 10% or more of V's profits available for distribution to equity holders of V.

(5) Where a participant in a qualifying joint venture is not a generating undertaking, the participant is to be treated as a generating undertaking for the purposes of this Part.

Attribution and surrender of amounts: joint ventures and significant minority shareholders U.K.

293 Non-chargeable amounts of joint venture to be attributed to participants U.K.

(1) Subsection (3) applies where the result of Step 4 in section 279(5) for a joint venture undertaking is greater than nil for a qualifying period.

(2) For the purposes of this Part “joint venture undertaking” means a generating undertaking—

(a) that is a qualifying joint venture, or

(b) that is a group whose principal member is a qualifying joint venture.

(3) The appropriate proportion of the non-chargeable amount in relation to the joint venture undertaking is to be added to the result of Step 4 in section 279(5) for each generating undertaking that is a participant in the qualifying joint venture (“the JV”) that comprises, or is the principal member of, the joint venture undertaking (and where Step 4 would not otherwise have been reached as a result of the second sentence of Step 3, ignore that sentence).

(4) Where the qualifying period of the joint venture undertaking corresponds to a qualifying period of a participant of the JV, the whole of the appropriate proportion of the non-chargeable amount is to be added to the result of Step 4 for the participant for that period.

Otherwise, the appropriate proportion is to be apportioned, on a fair and reasonable basis, between the qualifying periods of the participant in which the qualifying period of the joint venture undertaking falls.

(5) The non-chargeable amount for a qualifying period of the joint venture undertaking is so much of the result of Step 4 in section 279(5) for that period as is reduced as a result of Step 5 of that section.

(6) To determine the appropriate proportion of the participants in the JV for a qualifying period of the joint venture undertaking take the following steps—

• Step 1

  The generation receipts and allowable costs attributed to the joint venture undertaking for the period are to be allocated to the participants in the JV in proportion to the proportional interest each has in the JV at the time of the generation to which the receipts or costs relate.

• Step 2

  In respect of each participant, subtract those allocated allowable costs from those allocated generation receipts.

  If the result of this Step is less than nil for any of the participants, the appropriate proportion for that participant is nil.

• Step 3

  The appropriate proportion for any other participant is the amount given by dividing—

  (a)

  the result of Step 2 in respect of that participant, by

  (b)

  the result of Step 4 in section 279(5) for the joint venture undertaking—

  (i)

  ignoring any amounts added to the result of that Step in accordance with subsection (3), and

  (ii)

  where the result of Step 2 for one or more of the participants is less than nil, increased by the sum of those results (each expressed as a positive number).

(7) The proportional interest of a participant (“P”) in the JV at any time is—

(a) the percentage of the JV’s ordinary share capital held—

(i) where P is a generating undertaking which is a company, by P, or

(ii) where P is a generating undertaking which is a group, by members of P, or

(b) in a case where the JV does not have ordinary share capital, the percentage of the JV’s profits available for distribution to equity holders of the JV—

(i) where P is a generating undertaking which is a company, to which P is beneficially entitled, or

(ii) where P is a generating undertaking which is a group, to which members of P are beneficially entitled.

(8) Where the appropriate proportion of the non-chargeable amount is required to be added to the result of Step 4 in section 279(5) for a generating undertaking that is not “qualifying” (see section 279(3)) in the qualifying period in which it is to be added, that undertaking is to be treated as qualifying for that period.

294 Generation acquired and supplied by JV participants U.K.

(1) Subsection (3) applies to generation if —

(a) the generation is attributed to a joint venture undertaking, other than in accordance with this section or sections 295 to 297,

(b) it is supplied, directly or indirectly, to a generating undertaking (“Q”) that is a participant in the joint venture (“the JV”) that comprises, or is the principal member of, the joint venture undertaking, and

(c) it is subsequently the subject of a wholesale purchase of electricity from Q.

(2) Where the generation attributed to the joint venture undertaking is generation falling within section 282(3)(b) (generation expected to be generated which was not generated), reference in subsection (1) to supply or purchase is to any supply or purchase that was expected in consequence of that generation having occurred.

(3) Where this subsection applies to generation—

(a) the generation is to be attributed to Q (as well as to the joint venture undertaking),

(b) in determining the amount of generation receipts to be attributed to the joint venture undertaking under section 283 in respect of that generation, do not take account of the transaction described in subsection (1)(c),

(c) the generation attributed to Q as a result of paragraph (a) is to be attributed to Q for the qualifying period of Q in which the generation occurred,

(d) subject to paragraph (f), the generation attributed to Q as a result of paragraph (a) is to be treated for the purposes of this Part as if it had been attributed under section 282(1),

(e) in determining the amount of generation receipts to be attributed to Q under section 283 in respect of generation attributed as a result of paragraph (a), take account of the costs of the transaction under which the generation so attributed was acquired or was expected to be acquired, and

(f) in determining the exceptional generation receipts of Q for a qualifying period of Q under section 279(5), any generation attributed to Q for that period as a result of paragraph (a) is to be ignored for the purposes of Step 2 (which may result in the result of that Step being nil).

(4) But the amount generation that is to be attributed to Q in a qualifying period of Q under this section is not to exceed the amount of generation attributed to the joint venture undertaking in respect of that same period multiplied by the relevant proportion.

(5) The “relevant proportion” for the purposes of subsection (4) and section 295(3) is—

(a) the percentage of the JV’s ordinary share capital held—

(i) where Q is a generating undertaking which is a company, by Q, or

(ii) where Q is a generating undertaking which is a group, by members of Q, or

(b) in a case where the JV does not have ordinary share capital, the percentage of the JV’s profits available for distribution to equity holders of the JV—

(i) where Q is a generating undertaking which is a company, to which Q is beneficially entitled, or

(ii) where Q is a generating undertaking which is a group, to which members of Q are beneficially entitled.

295 Arrangements that reflect receipts (JV participants) U.K.

(1) Subsection (2) applies to generation if—

(a) the generation is attributed to a joint venture undertaking, other than in accordance with this section or sections 294, 296 or 297,

(b) a participant (“Q”) in the joint venture (“the JV”) that comprises, or is the principal member of, the joint venture undertaking is party to arrangements that result in amounts arising by reference to the generation,

(c) those amounts would, if the joint venture undertaking, or a member of it, were party to those arrangements, be taken into account in determining the generation receipts of the joint venture undertaking, and

(d) the generation—

(i) is not supplied (directly or indirectly) to Q, or

(ii) in the case of generation falling within section 282(3)(b) (generation expected to be generated which was not generated), was not expected to be supplied (directly or indirectly) to Q.

(2) Where this subsection applies to generation—

(a) the generation is to be attributed to Q (as well as to the joint venture undertaking),

(b) the generation attributed to Q as a result of paragraph (a) is to be attributed to Q for the qualifying period of Q in which the generation occurred,

(c) subject to paragraph (d), the generation attributed to Q as a result of paragraph (a) is to be treated for the purposes of this Part as if it had been attributed under section 282(1),

(d) in determining the exceptional generation receipts of Q for a qualifying period of Q under section 279(5)—

(e) any generation attributed to Q for that period as a result of paragraph (a) is to be ignored for the purposes of Step 2 (which may result in the result of that Step being nil).

(3) But amount of generation that is to be attributed to Q in a qualifying period of Q under this section is not to exceed the amount given by subtracting—

(a) the amount of generation attributed to Q in that period under section 294, from

(b) the amount of generation attributed to the joint venture undertaking in respect of that same period multiplied by the relevant proportion (see section 294(5)).

296 Generation acquired and supplied by significant minority shareholders U.K.

(1) Subsection (3) applies to generation if—

(a) a subsidiary member (“A”) of a generating undertaking that is a group (“U”) has a significant minority shareholder that is a company or group,

(b) the generation is generation by a relevant generating station operated by A or a relevant subsidiary of A (see section 290(6)),

(c) the generation is supplied, directly or indirectly, to a significant minority shareholder (“M”) in A that is a company or a group, and

(d) the generation is subsequently the subject of a wholesale purchase of electricity from M.

(2) Where the generation falls within section 282(3)(b) (generation expected to be generated which was not generated), reference in subsection (1) to supply or purchase is to any supply or purchase that was expected in consequence of that generation having occurred.

(3) Where this subsection applies to generation—

(a) the generation is to be attributed to M (as well as to U),

(b) in determining the amount of generation receipts to be attributed to U under section 283 in respect of the generation, do not take account of the transaction described in subsection (1)(d),

(c) the generation attributed to M as a result of paragraph (a) is to be attributed to M for the qualifying period of M in which the generation occurred,

(d) subject to paragraph (f), the generation attributed to M as a result of paragraph (a) is to be treated for the purposes of this Part as if it had been attributed under section 282(1),

(e) in determining the amount of generation receipts to be attributed to M under section 283 in respect of generation attributed as a result of paragraph (a), take account of the costs of the transaction under which the generation so attributed was acquired or was expected to be acquired, and

(f) in determining the exceptional generation receipts of M for a qualifying period of M under section 279(5), any generation attributed to M for that period as a result of paragraph (a) is to be ignored for the purposes of Step 2 (which may result in the result of that Step being nil).

(4) Where the generation is generation by a relevant generating station operated in partnership and at least one of the partners is neither A nor a relevant subsidiary of A, only the qualifying proportion of that generation is to be attributed to M under subsection (3)(a).

(5) For the purposes of this section and section 297, “the qualifying proportion” is the proportion of generation that is equal to the proportion of the partnership’s profits represented by the sum of A’s share of the partnership’s profits and the shares of those profits of any relevant subsidiaries of A (and Part 17 of CTA 2009 applies for the purposes of this subsection as it applies for the purposes of corporation tax).

(6) But the generation that is to be attributed to M in a qualifying period of M is not to exceed the amount of generation that is attributable on a fair and reasonable basis to the activities of A and (where it has one or more relevant subsidiaries) its relevant subsidiaries in that same period multiplied by the relevant proportion.

(7) The “relevant proportion” for the purposes of subsection (6) and section 297(4)(b) is—

(a) the percentage of A’s ordinary share capital held—

(i) where M is a generating undertaking which is a company, by M, or

(ii) where M is a generating undertaking which is a group, by members of M, or

(b) in a case where A does not have ordinary share capital, the percentage of A’s profits available for distribution to equity holders of A—

(i) where M is a generating undertaking which is a company, to which M is beneficially entitled, or

(ii) where M is a generating undertaking which is a group, to which members of M are beneficially entitled.

(8) Where M is not a generating undertaking, M is to be treated as a generating undertaking for the purposes of this Part.

297 Arrangements that reflect receipts (significant minority shareholders) U.K.

(1) Subsection (2) applies to generation if—

(a) a subsidiary member (“A”) of a generating undertaking that is a group (“U”) has a significant minority shareholder that is a company or group,

(b) the generation is generation by a relevant generating station operated by A or a relevant subsidiary of A (see section 290(6)),

(c) a significant minority shareholder (“M”) in A that is a company or a group is party to arrangements that result in amounts arising by reference to the generation,

(d) those amounts would be taken into account in determining the generation receipts of U if A or a relevant subsidiary of A (whichever operates the station) were party to the arrangements, and

(e) the generation—

(i) is not supplied (directly or indirectly) to M, or

(ii) in the case of generation falling within section 282(3)(b) (generation expected to be generated which was not generated), was not expected to be supplied (directly or indirectly) to M.

(2) Where this subsection applies to generation—

(a) the generation is to be attributed to M (as well as to U),

(b) the generation attributed to M as a result of paragraph (a) is to be attributed to M for the qualifying period of M in which the generation occurred,

(c) subject to paragraph (d), the generation attributed to M as a result of paragraph (a) is to be treated for the purposes of this Part as if it had been attributed under section 282(1),

(d) in determining the exceptional generation receipts of M for a qualifying period of M under section 279(5), any generation attributed to M for that period as a result of paragraph (a) is to be ignored for the purposes of Step 2 (which may result in the result of that Step being nil).

(3) Where the generation is generation by a relevant generating station operated in partnership and at least one of the partners is neither A nor a relevant subsidiary of A, only the qualifying proportion of that generation (see section 294(4)) is to be attributed to M under subsection (2)(a).

(4) But the amount of generation that is to be attributed to M in a qualifying period of M is not to exceed the amount given by subtracting—

(a) the amount of generation attributed to M in that period under section 296, from

(b) the amount of generation that is attributable on a fair and reasonable basis to the activities of A and (where it has one or more relevant subsidiaries) its relevant subsidiaries multiplied by the relevant proportion (see section 296(7)).

(5) Where M is not a generating undertaking, M is to be treated as a generating undertaking for the purposes of this Part.

298 Surrender of shortfalls U.K.

(1) This section applies where in an overlap period for two related generating undertakings—

(a) one of those undertakings (“A”) has a shortfall amount for the overlap period, and

(b) the other undertaking (“B”) has exceptional generation receipts for the overlap period.

(2) To determine if an undertaking has a shortfall amount or exceptional generation receipts for an overlap period, carry out all of the steps in section 279(5) as if the period were a qualifying period, including steps that would normally be ignored because a result of nil or less has already been found.

(3) If the result of Step 5 is less than nil, that result (expressed as a positive number) is a shortfall amount.

(4) Where this section applies, an amount of the shortfall amount of A may be surrendered to B.

(5) Section 299 sets out how much of the shortfall amount may be surrendered by A to B.

(6) Two generating undertakings are related generating undertakings if—

(a) one is—

(i) a joint venture undertaking, or

(ii) a generating undertaking that is a group that has at least one subsidiary member who has at least one significant minority shareholder, and

(b) the other is a relevant shareholder in the other.

(7) A generating undertaking (“C”) is a relevant shareholder in another generating undertaking (“D”) if—

(a) where D is a joint venture undertaking, C is a participant in the joint venture that comprises, or is the principal member of, the joint venture undertaking, or

(b) where D is a generating undertaking that is a group that has at least one subsidiary member who has at least one significant minority shareholder, C is a significant minority shareholder in a subsidiary member of D.

(8) In this section “overlap period” in relation to two generating undertakings means—

(a) where a qualifying period of one of the generating undertakings wholly corresponds with a qualifying period of the other, such a period, and

(b) where a qualifying period of one generating undertaking does not wholly correspond with a qualifying period of the other, a period—

(i) that commences at the same time as a qualifying period of one of them, and

(ii) that ends with the earlier of the end of that qualifying period or the end of the last qualifying period of the other undertaking to commence on or before that qualifying period.

299 Amount that may be surrendered and use of that amount U.K.

(1) Subject to subsection (7), the maximum amount of a shortfall amount that may be surrendered by a generating undertaking (“A”) to another (“B”) where A is a relevant shareholder in B, is the lesser of the amounts given by subsections (2) and (3).

(2) The amount given by this subsection is the amount of the shortfall amount of A that is, on a fair and reasonable basis, referable to A’s interest in the generation attributed to B in the overlap period.

(3) The amount given by this subsection is the amount of the exceptional generation receipts of B for the shortfall period that is, on a fair and reasonable basis, referable to A’s interest in the generation attributed to B in the overlap period.

(4) Subject to subsection (7), the maximum amount of a shortfall amount that may be surrendered by a generating undertaking (“C”) to another (“D”) where D is a relevant shareholder in C is the lesser of the amounts given by subsections (5) and (6).

(5) The amount given by this subsection is the amount of the shortfall amount of C that is, on a fair and reasonable basis, referable to D’s interest in the generation attributed to C in the overlap period.

(6) The amount given by this subsection is the amount of the exceptional generation receipts of D for the shortfall period that is, on a fair and reasonable basis, referable to D’s interest in the generation attributed to C in the overlap period.

(7) A generating undertaking may only surrender an amount of a shortfall amount relating to an overlap period if the result of Step 5 in section 279(5) for the undertaking for the qualifying period in which the overlap period falls would not exceed nil if—

(a) all of the steps in section 279(5) for that qualifying period were carried out, including steps that would normally be ignored because a result of nil or less has already been found,

(b) the amount surrendered were added to the result of Step 5, and

(c) all other amounts surrendered for overlap periods falling with that period were added to the result of that Step.

(8) Where an amount of a shortfall amount has been surrendered to a generating undertaking, that amount is to reduce the result of Step 5 in section 279(5), but not below nil, for the qualifying period in which the overlap period to which the shortfall amount relates falls.

(9) A surrender of an amount of a shortfall amount is effective only if—

(a) the generating undertaking which is surrendering the amount has consented to surrender that amount to the other generating undertaking, and

(b) the other generating undertaking has made a claim to that amount (see section 305).

Treatment of company as transparent as alternative to attribution and surrender U.K.

300 Election to treat certain companies as transparent U.K.

(1) A company that is, or is a member of, a generating undertaking may elect that the company is to be treated as transparent while the election is in force.

Section 301 sets out the effect of a company being “treated as transparent”.

(2) An election under subsection (1)—

(a) must be made by notice to HMRC;

(b) must specify the first day on which the election is to have effect, which must be no earlier than 12 months before the day on which the notice is given;

(c) may only be made if conditions A and B are met.

(3) Condition A is that—

(a) the company is a qualifying joint venture that is, or is a member of, a generating undertaking, or

(b) the company—

(i) is a subsidiary member of a group that is a generating undertaking, and

(ii) has at least one significant minority shareholder.

(4) Condition B is that each shareholder of the company—

(a) has at least a 10% interest in it,

(b) is a company, and

(c) has consented to the making of the election.

(5) Where two or more members of a group are shareholders of the company, they are to be regarded as a single shareholder (and their interests aggregated) for the purposes of determining whether subsection (4)(a) is met (but each must still consent to the making of the election for condition B to be satisfied).

(6) For the purposes of this section and section 301—

(a) a person is a shareholder of a company if—

(i) in the case of a company that has ordinary share capital, the person holds ordinary share capital of the company, or

(ii) in the case of a company that does not have ordinary share capital, the person is beneficially entitled to a share of the company’s profits available for distribution to equity holders of it, and

(b) a shareholder’s interest in a company is—

(i) in the case of a company that has ordinary share capital, the proportion of the ordinary share capital of the company the shareholder holds, or

(ii) in the case of a company that does not have ordinary share capital, the proportion of the company’s profits available for distribution to equity holders of it to which the shareholder is beneficially entitled.

(7) An election under this section has effect from the date specified in accordance with subsection (2)(b) until—

(a) revoked by the company,

(b) revoked by HMRC, or

(c) a person who was not a shareholder of the company at the time the election first took effect becomes a shareholder of the company.

Nothing in this subsection is to be read as preventing a subsequent election being made that commences at any time after the first election ceased to have effect.

(8) An election may be revoked by the company by notice given to HMRC that specifies the date the election is to cease to have effect, which must be no earlier than 12 months before the day on which the notice of revocation is given.

(9) An election may be revoked by HMRC by notice given to the company if HMRC considers that the company or its shareholders have not complied with any obligation under this Part.

(10) A notice under subsection (9)—

(a) must specify the date from which the revocation has effect (including a date which if specified would result in the election never having effect), and

(b) must state the reasons for revocation, and

(c) may be appealed by the company by notice to HMRC.

(11) An appeal under subsection (10)(c) must be made during the period of 30 days beginning with the date on which the notice under subsection (9) was given.

Further provision about appeals is contained in Part 5 of TMA 1970 (which applies in relation to the electricity generator levy as a result of section 302).

301 Effect of company being transparent U.K.

(1) This section applies where a company (“C”) is treated as transparent as a result of an election under section 300.

(2) C is to be treated for the purposes of this Part as if it were a partnership.

(3) Its shareholders are to be regarded for those purposes as its partners.

(4) Each shareholder’s share of the profits of the partnership is equal to its interest in C.

(5) Where C is a generating undertaking, all generation, generation receipts and allowable costs that would (ignoring this section) be attributed to C in accordance with this Part are to be treated instead as if they resulted from the operation of a generating station operated in partnership by C’s partners.

(6) Where C is a member of a group that is a generating undertaking, the generation, generation receipts and allowable costs that—

(a) would (ignoring this section) be attributed to the group in accordance with this Part, and

(b) are attributable on a fair and reasonable basis to the activities of C,

are to be treated instead as if they resulted from the operation of a generating station operated in partnership by C’s partners.

(7) Where C is, or is treated as, the only shareholder in another company (“D”), the generation, generation receipts and allowable costs that—

(a) would (ignoring this section) be attributed, in accordance with this Part, to the group of which D is a member, and

(b) are attributable on a fair and reasonable basis to the activities of D,

are to be treated instead as if they resulted from the operation of a generating station operated in partnership by C’s partners.

(8) C is to be treated as the only shareholder in another company if—

(a) the other company’s only shareholder is—

(i) a company in which C is the only shareholder,

(ii) a company in which the only shareholder is a company in which C is the only shareholder, and so on, or

(b) the other company has more than one shareholder, but each of its shareholders is one of the following—

(i) C;

(ii) a company whose only shareholder falls within paragraph (a)(i) or (ii);

(iii) a company that has more than one shareholder each of which is a company falling with sub-paragraph (i) or (ii) or this sub-paragraph.

(9) Where a shareholder of a company, or a generating undertaking of which such a shareholder is a member, is liable to an amount of electricity generator levy as a result of this section—

(a) where the company is a generating undertaking, it is jointly and severally liable to that amount (to the extent it arises as a result of this section), or

(b) where the company is a member of a generating undertaking that is a group, that undertaking is jointly and severally liable to that amount (to the extent it arises as a result of this section).

(10) Where—

(a) a generating undertaking is liable to an amount of electricity generator levy as a result of subsection (9)(a) or (b), and

(b) the qualifying period (“the chargeable period”) by reference to which that amount was determined does not wholly correspond to a qualifying period of the undertaking,

the amount is to be apportioned, on a fair and reasonable basis, between the qualifying periods of the undertaking in which the chargeable period falls.

Management and administration U.K.

302 General application of corporation tax administration U.K.

(1) Where a company is liable to an amount of electricity generator levy, that amount may be charged on the company as if it were an amount of corporation tax chargeable on it.

(2) For the purposes of the collection and management of the electricity generator levy, any provision made by or under an enactment that applies in relation to corporation tax is to apply in relation to the electricity generator levy.

(3) The following are examples of provision that, as a result of subsection (2), apply in relation to the electricity generator levy—

(a) provision relating to returns of information and the supply of accounts, statements and reports;

(b) provision relating to the assessing, collecting and receiving of corporation tax;

(c) provision conferring or regulating a right of appeal;

(d) provision concerning administration, penalties or interest on unpaid amounts of corporation tax;

(e) provision about the priority of amounts owed to the Commissioners for His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs in cases of insolvency under the law of any part of the United Kingdom.

(4) Accordingly—

(a) TMA 1970 is to have effect as if any reference to corporation tax included amounts of electricity generator levy that a company is chargeable to, and

(b) Paragraph 1 of Schedule 18 to FA 1998 (company tax returns, assessments and related matters) has effect as if—

(i) the “and” at the end of the paragraph beginning “section 33 of the Finance Act 2022” were omitted, and

(ii) at the end there were inserted “and,

• section 302(1) of the Finance (No. 2) Act 2023.”

(5) Subsections (1) to (4) are subject to—

(a) any other provision made by or under this Part, and

(b) any necessary modifications.

(6) The Treasury may by regulations make the following provision—

(a) provision that disapplies any provision so far as it would otherwise, as a result of subsection (2), apply in relation to the electricity generator levy;

(b) provision modifying the application of any such provision in relation to the electricity generator levy;

(c) provision about (including provision modifying) the application of any provision of the Tax Acts (that would not otherwise apply to the electricity generator levy as a result of subsection (2)) in relation to the levy.

303 Company tax returns U.K.

(1) Where a generating undertaking that is a company is a qualifying generating undertaking for a qualifying period, it must include a statement of the matters mentioned in subsection (4) in its company tax return for the first accounting period that ends on or after the day on which the qualifying period ends (and if it would not otherwise be required to make a company tax return for that period, it must make one).

(2) Where a generating undertaking that is a group is a qualifying generating undertaking for a qualifying period, the lead member in that period must include a statement of the matters mentioned in subsection (4) in its company tax return for the first accounting period that ends on or after the day on which the qualifying period ends (and if it would not otherwise be required to make a company tax return for that accounting period it must make one).

(3) But subsections (1) and (2) do not apply in relation to a qualifying generating undertaking for a qualifying period if it is reasonable to assume that the result of Step 5 in section 279(5) for that period would be significantly less than nil.

(4) The matters that must be stated are as follows—

(a) the amount of generation attributed to the generating undertaking for the qualifying period under this Part,

(b) the amount of generation receipts attributed to that undertaking for that period under section 283,

(c) the amount of any allowable costs attributed to that undertaking for that period under section 284,

(d) the amount of the undertaking’s revenue allowance for that period,

(e) in the case of a generating undertaking that is a group, any amount of electricity generator levy that a member of that group must pay as a result of an election under section 290.

(5) Where the lead member of a generating undertaking that is a group fails to comply with the obligation in subsection (2) in relation to a qualifying period, an officer of Revenue and Customs may by notice require another member of the group to make or amend a company tax return that includes the matters mentioned in subsection (4).

(6) Nothing in this section is to be taken to limit the things which must be included in a company tax return as a result of section 302(4)(b) (which has the effect of treating the electricity generator levy as tax for the purposes of company tax returns).

(7) Schedule 18 to FA 1998 (company tax returns etc.) applies in relation to a company required to make, or amend, a company tax return as a result of this section as if, in paragraph 8(1) of that Schedule (calculation of tax payable), at the end there were inserted—

• “Sixth step

  Add any amount of electricity generator levy the company is liable to in respect of that accounting period under Part 5 of the Finance (No. 2) Act 2023.”

(8) For the purposes of that modification, a company is liable to an amount of electricity generator levy in respect of an accounting period if the company tax return for that period must, as a result of this section, include a statement of the matters mentioned in subsection (4) in relation to the qualifying period to which that amount relates.

304 Requirement to provide information about payments U.K.

(1) This section applies if—

(a) an amount of electricity generator levy is chargeable on a company as if it were an amount of corporation tax, and

(b) a payment is made (whether or not by the company) that is wholly or partly in respect of that sum.

(2) The responsible company must give notice to an officer of Revenue and Customs, on or before the date the payment is made, of the amount of the payment that is in respect of that sum.

(3) The “responsible company” is—

(a) in the case of an amount of electricity generator levy to which a generating undertaking that is a company is liable, that company, or

(b) in the case of an amount of electricity generator levy to which a generating undertaking that is a group is liable, the lead member of that group.

(4) The requirement in subsection (2) is to be treated, for the purposes of Part 7 of Schedule 36 to FA 2008 (information and inspection powers: penalties), as a requirement in an information notice.

(5) This section is subject to any provision to the contrary in regulations under section 59E of TMA 1970 (further provision as to when corporation tax is due and payable).

305 Claims to shortfall amounts U.K.

(1) Part 8 of Schedule 18 to FA 1998 applies to a claim to a shortfall amount under section 299 as it applies to a claim for group relief under Part 5 of CTA 2010.

(2) That Part has effect for the purposes of a claim to a shortfall amount as if—

(a) references to “relief” were to the relief from electricity generator levy given by claiming a shortfall amount,

(b) references to “accounting period” were to “qualifying period”, except where the context otherwise requires (for example, in references to the company tax return for the accounting period),

(c) references to “company” (apart from in “company tax return”) were to “generating undertaking” (and if the context requires in the case of a generating undertaking that is a group, references were to the lead member of the group),

(d) in paragraph 68, sub-paragraphs (3) to (8) were omitted,

(e) in paragraph 69(3), in the first step, “under Part 5 or (as the case may be ) Part 5A of the Corporation Tax Act 2010” were omitted,

(f) in paragraph 70—

(i) in sub-paragraph (1), for “Requirement 1 in section 130(2), 135(2), 188CB(3) or (as the case may be) 188CC(3) of the Corporation Tax Act 2010” there were substituted “section 299(9)(a) of the Finance (No. 2) Act 2023”, and

(ii) sub-paragraphs (2), (5) and (6) were omitted,

(g) in paragraph 71—

(i) in sub-paragraph (1), for paragraph (e) there were substituted—

“(e) the overlap period to which the shortfall amount relates.”, and

(ii) sub-paragraph (1A) were omitted,

(h) paragraphs 71A, 72, 75A, 77 and 77A were omitted, and

(i) such other modifications as are necessary were made.

306 Application of Part 5A of TMA 1970 and Instalment Payments Regulations U.K.

(1) Section 59E of TMA 1970 (further provision as to when corporation tax is due and payable) has effect as if, in subsection (11) after paragraph (f) there were inserted—

“(g) to any sum chargeable on a company under section 279 of the Finance (No. 2) Act 2023 (electricity generator levy) as if it were an amount of corporation tax chargeable on the company.”

(2) Section 59F of that Act (arrangements for paying corporation tax on behalf of group members) has effect as if, in subsection (6)—

(a) the “and” at the end of paragraph (d) were omitted,

(b) after paragraph (e) there were inserted “, and

(f) to any sum chargeable on a company under section 279 of the Finance (No. 2) Act 2023 (electricity generator levy) as if it were an amount of corporation tax chargeable on the company.”

(3) The Instalment Payment Regulations have effect as if—

(a) in paragraph (2), after “company” there were inserted “, other than a company that is, or is a member of a group that is, a generating undertaking (within the meaning of Part 5 of the Finance (No. 2) Act 2023),”, and

(b) after that paragraph there were inserted—

“(2ZA) References in these Regulations to profits, in any accounting period, of a company that is, or is a member of a group that is, a generating undertaking (within the meaning of that Part), are to the greater of—

(a) the company's augmented profits within the meaning given by—

(i) in the case of an accounting period beginning before 1 April 2023, section 279G of CTA 2010, or

(ii) in the case of an accounting period beginning on or after that date, sections 18L and 18M of that Act,

(b) where the company is a generating undertaking, its exceptional generation receipts (within the meaning of that Part, and

(c) where the company is a member of a group that is a generating undertaking, the exceptional generation receipts of the undertaking.”

(4) If—

(a) electricity generator levy is chargeable on company, and

(b) under the Instalment Payment Regulations one or more instalment payments in respect of the total liability of the company for an accounting period beginning before the day on which this Act is passed are treated as becoming due and payable before the day on which this Act is passed 2023 (“pre-commencement instalments”),

any amount of electricity generator levy chargeable for that period is to be ignored for the purposes of determining the amount of any pre-commencement instalment.

(5) The first instalment in respect of that liability which is treated as becoming due and payable on or after the day on which this Act is passed is to be increased by the following amount, namely the difference between—

(a) the aggregate amount of the pre-commencement instalments determined in accordance with subsection (4), and

(b) the aggregate amount of those instalments determined ignoring that subsection.

(6) In the Instalment Payment Regulations—

(a) in regulations 6(1)(a), 7(2), 8(1)(a) and (2)(a), 9(5), 10(1), 11(1) and 13, references to those Regulations are to be read as including a reference to subsections (4) and (5) (and in regulation 7(2) “the regulation in question”, and in regulation 8(2) “that regulation”, are to be read accordingly), and

(b) in regulation 9(3), the reference to those Regulations is to be read as including a reference to those subsections.

(7) In this section “the Instalment Payment Regulations” means the Corporation Tax (Instalment Payments) Regulations 1998 (S.I. 1998/3175).

Supplemental U.K.

307 Application of Part 5 of CTA 2010 for the purposes of determining interests U.K.

(1) Chapter 6 of Part 5 of CTA 2010 (group relief: equity holders and profits or assets available for distribution) applies for the purposes of determining the interests of persons in companies under the following provisions (each a “relevant provision”)—

(a) section 287(4);

(b) section 290(5);

(c) section 292(1)(b)(ii), (3)(b) and (4)(b);

(d) section 293(7)(b);

(e) section 294(5)(b);

(f) section 296(7)(b).

(2) For those purposes that Part has effect as if—

(a) references to section 151(4)(a) and (b) of that Act were references to the relevant provision,

(b) in section 158 of that Act after subsection (2) there were inserted—

“(2A) But for those purposes a person carrying on a business of banking is not treated as a loan creditor of a company in respect of any loan capital or debt issued or incurred by the company for money lent by the person to the company in the ordinary course of that business.”,

(c) sections 171(1)(b) and (3), 173, 174 and 176 to 178 of that Act were omitted, and

(d) in its application for the purposes of paragraph (a) of section 290(5), any reference to company A were to the person referred to in that paragraph.

(3) That Part is to be read, for the purposes mentioned in subsection (1), with all modifications necessary to ensure that—

(a) it applies to a company which does not have share capital, and to holders of corresponding ordinary holdings in such a company, in a way which corresponds to the way it applies to companies with ordinary share capital and holders of ordinary shares in such companies,

(b) it applies to a company which is an unincorporated association in a way which corresponds to the way it applies to companies which are bodies corporate,

(c) it applies in relation to ownership through an entity (other than a company), or any trust or other arrangement, in a way which corresponds to the way it applies to ownership through a company, and

(d) for the purposes of achieving paragraphs (a) to (c), profits or assets are attributed to holders of corresponding ordinary holdings in unincorporated associations, entities, trusts or other arrangements in a manner which corresponds to the way profits or assets are attributed to holders of ordinary shares in a company which is a body corporate.

(4) In subsection (3) “corresponding ordinary holding” in an unincorporated association, entity, trust or other arrangement means a holding or interest which provides the holder with economic rights corresponding to those provided by a holding of ordinary shares in a body corporate.

308 Anti-avoidance U.K.

(1) This section applies to arrangements if the main purpose, or one of the main purposes of the arrangements, is to—

(a) reduce or avoid a charge to the electricity generator levy, or

(b) otherwise avoid the effect of any of the provisions of this Part.

(2) Any such reduction or avoidance that would (in the absence of this section) arise from such arrangements is to be counteracted by the making of such adjustments as are just and reasonable.

(3) Where the arrangements result in a change in the composition of a generating undertaking that is a group (including where such a group ceases to exist), those adjustments may include adjustments to secure that the same liability to electricity generator levy arises, and can be recovered from members of the group, as if the composition of the group had not changed.

(4) Any adjustments required to be made under this section (whether or not by an officer of Revenue and Customs) may be made by way of—

(a) an assessment,

(b) the modification of an assessment,

(c) amendment or disallowance of a claim,

or otherwise.

(5) In this section “arrangements” include any agreement, understanding, scheme transaction or series of transactions (whether or not legally enforceable).

309 Information sharing U.K.

(1) This section applies to information that—

(a) is held by the Secretary of State, the Gas and Electricity Markets Authority or the Northern Ireland Authority for Energy Regulation (each “a relevant person”), and

(b) is relevant to the electricity generator levy.

(2) Information to which this section applies may be disclosed by a relevant person (or anyone acting on behalf of that person) to the Commissioners for His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs for the purposes of their functions relating to electricity generator levy or any other tax.

(3) Subject to subsection (5), no duty of confidentiality or other restriction on disclosure (however imposed) prevents the disclosure of information in accordance with subsection (2).

(4) This section does not limit the circumstances in which information may be disclosed under—

(a) section 105(2) to (4) of the Utilities Act 2000,

(b) Article 63(2) to (4) of the Energy (Northern Ireland) Order 2003 (S.I. 2003/419 (N.I. 6)), or

(c) any other enactment or rule of law.

(5) Nothing in this section authorises the making of a disclosure which—

(a) contravenes the data protection legislation (save that the power conferred by this section is to be taken into account in determining whether a disclosure contravenes that legislation), or

(b) is prohibited by any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (save that the power conferred by this section is to be taken into account when determining whether a disclosure is prohibited by those provisions).

310 Interaction of electricity generator levy with corporation tax U.K.

(1) In calculating profits or losses for the purposes of corporation tax—

(a) no deduction is allowed in respect of the electricity generator levy, and

(b) no account is to be taken of any amount which is paid by a person to another person for the purposes of meeting or reimbursing the cost of the electricity generator levy.

(2) Subsection (3) applies if—

(a) two related generating undertakings (within the meaning of section 298) have an agreement between them in relation to the surrender of amounts of shortfall amounts (within the meaning of that section),

(b) such an amount is surrendered between them in accordance with section 299, and

(c) as a result of the agreement the undertaking to whom the amount is surrendered makes a payment to the other undertaking that does not exceed the amount surrendered.

(3) The payment—

(a) is not to be taken into account in determining the profits or losses of either company for corporation tax purposes, and

(b) for corporation tax purposes is not to be regarded as a distribution.

311 Regulations under this Part U.K.

(1) Regulations under this Part are to be made by statutory instrument.

(2) Regulations under this Part may—

(a) make provision having retrospective effect, provided any such provision does not have the effect of increasing the amount of the electricity generator levy any generating undertaking is liable to;

(b) make different provision for different purposes;

(c) make supplementary, incidental and consequential provision;

(d) make transitional or transitory provision and savings.

(3) A statutory instrument containing regulations under this Part is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the House of Commons.

[F224 311A Meaning of “qualifying new generating plant” U.K.

(1) Generating plant is “qualifying new generating plant” if it is new generating plant commissioned as part of a qualifying project that meets the new investment condition.

(2) The new investment condition is met in relation to a qualifying project if on 21 November 2023 it was reasonable to conclude, having regard to all of the circumstances, that there is a significant likelihood of the project not proceeding.

(3) The Treasury may by regulations provide for cases in which qualifying projects are to be treated as meeting the new investment condition.

(4) “Qualifying project” means a project to commission—

(a) new generating plant for—

(i) a new generating station, or

(ii) an existing generating station which (as a result of the project) is to be wholly or substantially comprised of new generating plant, or

(b) new generating plant that increases the generating capacity of an existing generating station.

(5) Subsection (6) applies where new generating plant that increases the generating capacity of an existing generating station replaces existing generating plant.

(6) Only so much of the new generating plant as represents generating capacity in excess of the capacity of the generating plant it replaces is to be regarded as qualifying new generating plant.]

Textual Amendments

F224 S. 311A inserted (22.2.2024) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), s. 21(3)

312 Minor definitions relating to electricity market U.K.

In this Part—

• “the Balancing and Settlement Code” means the code for the governance of electricity balancing and settlement in Great Britain which is maintained in accordance with the conditions of transmission licences granted under section 6(1)(b) of the Electricity Act 1989 as that code has effect from time to time;

• “distribution system” and “transmission system” mean anything which would be such a system for the purposes of—

  (a)

  Part 1 of the Electricity Act 1989, or

  (b)

  Part 2 of the Electricity (Northern Ireland) Order 1992 (S.I. 1992/231 (N.I. 1));

• “feed-in tariff export payments” means export payments within the meaning of Schedule A to Condition 33 of the standard conditions of electricity supply licences;

• “generation” does not include the release of electricity from a battery;

• “licensed distribution system” means a distribution system operated by the holder of a licence under—

  (a)

  section 6(1)(c) of the Electricity Act 1989, or

  (b)

  Article 10(1)(bb) of the Electricity (Northern Ireland) Order 1992;

• “licensed transmission system” means a transmission system operated by the holder of a licence under—

  (a)

  section 6(1)(b) of the Electricity Act 1989, or

  (b)

  Article 10(1)(b) of the Electricity (Northern Ireland) Order 1992;

• “the SEM Memorandum” means the Memorandum of Understanding referred to in Article 2(3) of the Electricity (Single Wholesale Market) (Northern Ireland) Order 2007 (S.I. 2007/913 (N.I. 7)).

• “settlement code” means—

  (a)

  the Balancing and Settlement Code, or

  (b)

  the Trading and Settlement Code;

• “the standard conditions of electricity supply licences” means the standard conditions incorporated in licences under section 6(1)(d) of the Electricity Act 1989 by virtue of section 8A of that Act;

• “the Trading and Settlement Code” means the Single Electricity Market Trading and Settlement Code referred to in the SEM Memorandum as that code has effect from time to time.

313 Definitions in this Part U.K.

The following table contains a list of terms used in this Part and the provisions that define or explain them.

Term	Provision defining or explaining
accounting period (generally)	section 280(3)
accounting period (of a generating undertaking that is a group)	section 288(1)
allowable costs	section 284(1)
arm's length provision	section 283(9)
Balancing and Settlement Code	section 312
baseline fuel cost	section 285(3)
company	section 280(1)
company tax return	section 284(3)
distribution system	section 312
electricity generator levy	section 279(2)
exceptional generation fuel costs	section 285(1)
feed-in tariff export payments	section 312
generating undertaking	section 280(1)
generation fuel costs	section 285(2)
generation receipts	section 283(2)
grid connected electricity generation	section 282(3)
group	section 287(1)
HMRC	section 281(3)
joint venture undertaking	section 293(2)
lead member (of a group)	section 288(2)
principal member (of a group)	section 287(2)
qualifying electricity purchase costs	section 284(6)
qualifying joint venture	section 292(1)
[F225 qualifying new generating plant	section 311A]
qualifying partnership	section 291(1)
qualifying period	section 280(2)
reference period (in relation to the determination of baseline fuel cost)	section 285(4)
relevant generating station	section 280(1)
relevant place	section 280(1)
relevant subsidiary (in sections 290, 296 and 297)	section 290(6)
SEM Memorandum	section 312
settlement code	section 312
significant equity holder	section 286(7)
significant minority shareholder (that is a person)	section 290(5)(a)
significant minority shareholder (that is a group of companies)	section 290(5)(b)
standard conditions of electricity supply licences	section 312
subject to a contract for difference, an investment contract, a revenue collection contract or feed-in tariff export payments (in relation to a generating station)	section 280(1)
subsidiary member (of a group)	section 287(3)
third party (in relation to a generating undertaking)	section 286(7)
Trading and Settlement Code	section 312
transmission system	section 312

Textual Amendments

F225 Words in s. 313 Table inserted (22.2.2024) by Finance Act 2024 (c. 3), s. 21(4)

Part 6 U.K. Other taxes

Stamp duty land tax U.K.

314 Transactions funded with the assistance of a public subsidy U.K.

(1) In section 71 of FA 2003 (certain acquisitions by registered social landlord), after subsection (4) insert—

“(5) In this section “public subsidy” also means any grant under section 31 of the Local Government Act 2003 (grants towards expenditure incurred or to be incurred by local authorities) towards expenditure incurred or to be incurred on the provision of social housing within the meaning of Part 2 of the Housing and Regeneration Act 2008 (see sections 68 and 72 of that Act).”

(2) The amendment made by subsection (1) has effect in relation to land transactions the effective date of which falls on or after 15 March 2023.

Value added tax U.K.

315 Deposit schemes U.K.

In Part 3 of VATA 1994 (application of Act in particular cases), after section 55A insert—

“55B Deposit schemes: designation

(1) In sections 55C and 55D “a designated deposit scheme” means a deposit scheme which is designated, for the purposes of this section, by regulations made by the Commissioners.

(2) A “deposit scheme” means a scheme which is established—

(a) by regulations under Schedule 8 to the Environment Act 2021, or

(b) by or under any other enactment that makes similar provision for a returnable deposit to be paid in relation to goods.

(3) In subsection (2)(b), the reference to an “enactment” includes a reference to an enactment comprised in, or in an instrument made under—

(a) an Act of the Scottish Parliament,

(b) a Measure or Act of Senedd Cymru, or

(c) Northern Ireland legislation.

(4) Section 97(5) (statutory instruments: procedure) does not apply to a statutory instrument containing only regulations under subsection (1).

55C Deposit schemes: value of supply

(1) This section applies if—

(a) a taxable person makes a taxable (but not a zero-rated) supply of goods, and

(b) a deposit amount is payable in relation to the goods supplied.

(2) For the purposes of this section and section 55D, a “deposit amount” in relation to goods is an amount that, in accordance with the provisions of a designated deposit scheme—

(a) is added to the price payable for the goods, and

(b) must be repaid by a person, if the conditions for repayment under the scheme are met.

(3) The deposit amount is to be disregarded in determining the amount of the consideration for the purposes of calculating the value of the supply under this Act.

55D Deposit schemes: liability to account for VAT on deposit amounts

(1) For the purposes of this section, a person makes a “relevant deposit scheme supply” if—

(a) the person makes the first supply of goods in relation to which a deposit amount is payable (whether or not another person makes a subsequent supply of those goods in relation to which a deposit amount is payable), and

(b) that supply is a taxable (but not a zero-rated) supply.

(2) A person who makes relevant deposit scheme supplies is liable to account for and pay the VAT in respect of the deposit amount that, on the applicable assumption, would have been charged in relation to the proportion of the supplies that is determined, in accordance with provision made by or under regulations under subsection (4), as being attributable to goods in respect of which no deposit amount is repaid.

(3) The applicable assumption is that, in the case of those goods, section 55C(3) is ignored and the deposit amount and the price payable for the goods are regarded instead as indistinguishable parts of the consideration for the supply of the goods.

(4) The Commissioners may by regulations make provision about accounting for VAT in relation to designated deposit schemes including, in particular, provision—

(a) for the making of financial adjustments in connection with the liability to account for and pay VAT under subsection (2);

(b) specifying the methods for calculating those adjustments;

(c) specifying the methods for determining or estimating the proportion of supplies in respect of which deposit amounts are not repaid;

(d) about the manner in which, and the period within which, adjustments are to be made (including adjustments for the correction of errors);

(e) specifying the conditions subject to which adjustments are to be made;

(f) conferring power on the Commissioners to make provision for the purposes of paragraphs (a) to (e) by means of a notice published in accordance with the regulations.

(5) The power to make regulations under subsection (4) includes power to make (or to enable the Commissioners to make)—

(a) different provision for different purposes;

(b) different provision for different areas;

(c) consequential, supplementary, incidental, transitional, transitory or saving provision.”

Import duty U.K.

316 Dumping, subsidisation and safeguarding remedies U.K.

Schedules 19 and 20 make provision for the purposes of import duty—

(a) requiring the Trade Remedies Authority (“the TRA”) to give the Secretary of State notice at certain points in dumping, subsidisation and safeguarding investigations,

(b) enabling the TRA to include more than one option in recommendations to the Secretary of State in relation to such investigations,

(c) authorising the Secretary of State to ask for additional advice from, and act otherwise than in accordance with a recommendation of, the TRA in relation to such investigations,

(d) requiring the TRA to advise the Secretary of State on whether the economic interest test is met in relation to remedies that it recommends in dumping, subsidisation or safeguarding cases,

(e) about reviews of the application of remedies in such cases,

(f) about bilateral safeguards, and

(g) about Part 12 of the Trade Remedies (Dumping and Subsidisation) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/450).

317 Rulings as to method of valuation of goods U.K.

(1) Section 24 of TCTA 2018 (rulings as to application of customs tariff or place of origin) is amended as follows.

(2) In the heading, after “customs tariff” insert “, valuation method”.

(3) In subsection (1), after paragraph (a) (but before the “or”) insert—

“(aa) determining the value of any goods for the purposes of this Part,”.

318 Discharging goods from free-circulation procedure subject to guarantee U.K.

(1) In paragraph 17 of Schedule 1 to TCTA 2018 (releasing and discharging goods to and from Customs procedures), after sub-paragraph (5) insert—

“(5A) Sub-paragraph (5B) applies where—

(a) goods are declared for the free-circulation procedure, but

(b) it is impracticable to immediately ascertain the amount of import duty (if any) payable in respect of the goods.

(5B) The discharge of goods from the free-circulation procedure in accordance with sub-paragraph (4) may, if HMRC think fit, be subject to an approved guarantee being given in respect of any liability or potential liability to import duty in respect of the goods.”

(2) In CEMA 1979, omit section 119 (delivery of imported goods on giving of security for duty).

(3) The amendments made by subsections (1) and (2) have effect in relation to goods in respect of which a Customs declaration is accepted, for the purposes of TCTA 2018, on or after the day on which this Act is passed (and subsection (2) does not affect the application of section 119 of CEMA 1979 in relation to goods in respect of which a Customs declaration is accepted before that day).

(4) In Schedule 7 to TCTA 2018 (import duty: consequential amendments), omit paragraph 90.

Fuel duties U.K.

319 Excepted machines etc U.K.

(1) HODA 1979 is amended as follows.

(2) Schedule 1A (excepted machines able to use rebated diesel etc) is amended in accordance with subsections (3) and (4).

(3) In paragraph 6 (vessels)—

(a) in the heading, after “Vessels” insert “etc”;

(b) after sub-paragraph (3) insert—

“(4) A tractor or gear owned by a charity and used by it for the purpose of launching or hauling in a lifeboat owned by it.”

(4) In paragraph 8 (other machines or appliances)—

(a) in sub-paragraph (1)—

(i) in paragraph (a), after “pisciculture” insert “, arboriculture”;

(ii) in paragraph (d), at the beginning insert “primarily”;

(iii) in paragraph (e), for “of premises that are used for commercial purposes” substitute “for any premises”;

(b) after sub-paragraph (2) insert—

“(3) The Commissioners may publish a notice making provision for the purposes of sub-paragraph (1)(d) about the meaning of—

(a) “primarily”, and

(b) “used for commercial purposes”.”

(5) In section 14B (rebate on bioblend used as fuel for excepted machines), for subsection (6) substitute—

“(6) In subsection (3)—

• “HO%” means the percentage of the bioblend that is heavy oil, and

• “BD%” means the percentage of the bioblend that is biodiesel,

where the percentages are by volume to the nearest 0.001%.”

(6) The amendments made by subsections (2) to (4) are to be treated as having come into force on 15 March 2023.

Tobacco products duty U.K.

320 Rates of tobacco products duty U.K.

(1) In Schedule 1 to TDPA 1979 (table of rates of tobacco products duty), for the Table substitute—

“TABLE

1 Cigarettes	An amount equal to the higher of— (a) 16.5% of the retail price plus £294.72 per thousand cigarettes, or (b) £393.45 per thousand cigarettes.
2 Cigars	£367.61 per kilogram
3 Hand-rolling tobacco	£351.03 per kilogram
4 Other smoking tobacco and chewing tobacco	£161.62 per kilogram
5 Tobacco for heating	£302.93 per kilogram”

(2) In consequence of the provision made by subsection (1), in Schedule 2 to the Travellers’ Allowances Order 1994 (which provides in certain circumstances for a simplified calculation of excise duty on goods brought into Great Britain)—

(a) in the entry relating to cigarettes, for “£347.86” substitute “£393.45”,

(b) in the entry relating to hand rolling tobacco, for “£302.34” substitute “£351.03”,

(c) in the entry relating to other smoking tobacco and chewing tobacco, for “£144.17” substitute “£161.62”,

(d) in the entry relating to cigars, for “£327.92” substitute “£367.61”,

(e) in the entry relating to cigarillos, for “£327.92” substitute “£367.61”, and

(f) in the entry relating to tobacco for heating, for “£81.07” substitute “£90.88”.

(3) The amendments made by this section are treated as having come into force at 6pm on 15 March 2023.

Soft drinks industry levy U.K.

321 Flavour concentrates U.K.

Schedule 21 makes amendments of Part 2 of FA 2017 (soft drinks industry levy) in connection with flavour concentrates.

Air passenger duty U.K.

322 New bands and rates U.K.

(1) Section 30 of FA 1994 (air passenger duty: rates) is amended as follows.

(2) In subsection (1A), after “long haul” insert “and ultra-long haul”.

(3) After subsection (1A) insert—

“(1B) If the passenger’s journey ends at a place in the United Kingdom—

(a) if the passenger’s agreement for carriage provides for standard class travel in relation to every flight on the passenger’s journey, the rate is £6.50, and

(b) in any other case, the rate is £13.”

(4) In subsection (2) omit “the United Kingdom or”.

(5) After subsection (2) insert—

“(2A) If the passenger’s journey ends at a place in a territory specified in Part 1A of Schedule 5A—

(a) if the passenger’s agreement for carriage provides for standard class travel in relation to every flight on the passenger’s journey, the rate is £87, and

(b) in any other case, the rate is £191.”

(6) In subsection (4A)—

(a) in paragraph (a), for “£84” substitute “£91”;

(b) in paragraph (b), for “£185” substitute “£200”.

(7) In subsection (4E)—

(a) before paragraph (a) insert—

“(za) if the rate which (apart from this subsection) would apply is the rate in subsection (1B)(a) or (b), a rate of £78 is to apply instead,”;

(b) in paragraph (a), for “equal to six times the rate in subsection (2)(a)” substitute “of £78”;

(c) omit the “and” at the end of paragraph (a);

(d) after paragraph (a) insert—

“(aa) if the rate which (apart from this subsection) would apply is the rate in subsection (2A)(a) or (b), a rate of £574 is to apply instead, and”;

(e) in paragraph (d), for “equal to 6.6 times the rate in subsection (4A)(a)” substitute “of £601”.

(8) In Schedule 5A to FA 1994 (air passenger duty: territories etc)—

(a) in Part 1 (Part 1 territories)—

(i) for “Czech Republic” substitute “Czechia”;

(ii) for “Former Yugoslav Republic of” substitute “North”;

(b) after Part 1 insert—

“Part 1A U.K. Part 1A territories

Afghanistan	Cuba	Kyrgyzstan	Senegal
Angola	Curacao	Lebanon	Seychelles
Anguilla	Djibouti	Liberia	Sierra Leone
Antigua and Barbuda	Dominica	Macau	Sint Eustatius
Armenia	Dominican Republic	Malawi	Sint Maarten
Aruba	Egypt	Maldives	Somalia
Azerbaijan	El Salvador	Mali	South Korea
Bahrain	Equatorial Guinea	Martinique	South Sudan
Bangladesh	Eritrea	Mauritania	Sri Lanka
Barbados	Ethiopia	Mayotte	St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Belize	French Guiana	Mongolia	St Kitts and Nevis
Benin	Gabon	Montserrat	Sudan
Bermuda	Georgia	Namibia	Suriname
Bhutan	Ghana	Nepal	Syria
Bonaire	Grenada	Nicaragua	Tajikistan
Botswana	Guadeloupe	Niger	Tanzania
Brazil	Guatemala	Nigeria	The Bahamas
British Virgin Islands	Guinea	North Korea	The Gambia
Burkina Faso	Guinea-Bissau	Oman	Togo
Burundi	Guyana	Pakistan	Trinidad and Tobago
Cameroon	Haiti	Panama	Turkmenistan
Canada	Honduras	Qatar	Turks and Caicos Islands
Cape Verde	India	Russian Federation, east of the Ural Mountains	Uganda
Cayman Islands	Iran	Rwanda	United Arab Emirates
Central African Republic	Iraq	Saba	United States (including Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands)
Chad	Israel	Saint Barthélemy	Uzbekistan
China	Ivory Coast	Saint Lucia	Venezuela
Colombia	Jamaica	Saint Martin	Yemen
Comoros	Jordan	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	Zambia
Congo	Kazakhstan	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Zimbabwe
Congo (Democratic Republic)	Kenya	Sao Tome and Principe
Costa Rica	Kuwait	Saudi Arabia”.

(9) In consequence of the amendments made by this section, in Schedule 1 to The Aircraft Operators (Accounts and Records) Regulations 1994 (S.I. 1994/1737) (particulars of an air passenger duty account), in paragraph (e)—

(a) before sub-paragraph (i) insert—

“(ai) chargeable at the rates set out in section 30(1B)(a) and (b) of the Act;”;

(b) after sub-paragraph (i) insert—

“(ia) chargeable at the rates set out in section 30(2A)(a) and (b) of the Act;”;

(c) in sub-paragraph (viii), for “(a)” substitute “(za), (a), (aa)”.

(10) The amendments made by this section have effect in relation to the carriage of passengers beginning on or after 1 April 2023.

323 Northern Ireland rates U.K.

(1) Section 30A of FA 1994 (Northern Ireland long haul rates of duty) is amended as follows.

(2) In the heading, after “long haul” insert “and ultra-long haul”.

(3) In subsection (5A), in paragraph (c) omit sub-paragraph (ii) and the “or” before it.

(4) After subsection (7) insert—

“(7A) For the purposes of any paragraph, an Act of the Northern Ireland Assembly may set one rate for cases within section 30(2A) and a different rate for cases within section 30(4A).”

(5) The amendments made by this section have effect in relation to the carriage of passengers beginning on or after 1 April 2023.

Vehicle taxes U.K.

324 Rates of vehicle excise duty U.K.

(1) Schedule 1 to VERA 1994 (annual rates of vehicle excise duty) is amended as follows.

(2) In paragraph 1 (general rate)—

(a) in sub-paragraph (2) (vehicle not covered elsewhere in Schedule with engine cylinder capacity exceeding 1,549cc), for “£295” substitute “£325”, and

(b) in sub-paragraph (2A) (vehicle not covered elsewhere in Schedule with engine cylinder capacity not exceeding 1,549cc), for “£180” substitute “£200”.

(3) In paragraph 1B (graduated rates for light passenger vehicles registered before 1 April 2017), for the Table substitute—

“CO2 Emissions Figure		Rate
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Exceeding	Not exceeding	Reduced rate	Standard Rate
g/km	g/km	£	£
100	110	10	20
110	120	25	35
120	130	140	150
130	140	170	180
140	150	190	200
150	165	230	240
165	175	280	290
175	185	310	320
185	200	355	365
200	225	385	395
225	255	665	675
255	—	685	695”.

(4) In the sentence immediately following the Table in that paragraph, for paragraphs (a) and (b) substitute—

“(a) in column (3), in the last two rows, “385” were substituted for “665” and “685”, and

(b) in column (4), in the last two rows, “395” were substituted for “675” and “695”.”

(5) In paragraph 1GC (graduated rates for first licence for light passenger vehicles registered on or after 1 April 2017), for Table 1 (vehicles other than higher rate diesel vehicles) substitute—

“CO2 Emissions Figure		Rate
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Exceeding	Not exceeding	Reduced rate	Standard Rate
g/km	g/km	£	£
0	50	0	10
50	75	20	30
75	90	120	130
90	100	155	165
100	110	175	185
110	130	200	210
130	150	245	255
150	170	635	645
170	190	1030	1040
190	225	1555	1565
225	255	2210	2220
255	—	2595	2605”.

(6) In that paragraph, for Table 2 (higher rate diesel vehicles) substitute—

“CO2 Emissions Figure		Rate
(1)	(2)	(3)
Exceeding	Not exceeding	Rate
g/km	g/km	£
0	50	30
50	75	130
75	90	165
90	100	185
100	110	210
110	130	255
130	150	645
150	170	1040
170	190	1565
190	225	2220
225	255	2605
255	—	2605”.

(7) In paragraph 1GD(1) (rates for any other licence for light passenger vehicles registered on or after 1 April 2017)—

(a) in paragraph (a) (reduced rate), for “£155” substitute “£170”, and

(b) in paragraph (b) (standard rate), for “£165” substitute “£180”.

(8) In paragraph 1GE(2) (rates for light passenger vehicles registered on or after 1 April 2017 with a price exceeding £40,000)—

(a) in paragraph (a), for “£510” substitute “£560”, and

(b) in paragraph (b), for “£520” substitute “£570”.

(9) In paragraph 1J(a) (rates for light goods vehicles that are not pre-2007 or post-2008 lower emission vans), for “£290” substitute “£320”.

(10) In paragraph 2(1) (rates for motorcycles)—

(a) in paragraph (a) (engine cylinder capacity not exceeding 150cc), for “£22” substitute “£24”,

(b) in paragraph (b) (motorbicycles with engine cylinder capacity exceeding 150cc but not exceeding 400cc), for “£47” substitute “£52”,

(c) in paragraph (c) (motorbicycles with engine cylinder capacity exceeding 400cc but not exceeding 600cc), for “£73” substitute “£80”, and

(d) in paragraph (d) (other cases), for “£101” substitute “£111”.

(11) The amendments made by this section have effect in relation to licences taken out on or after 1 April 2023.

325 Reform of HGV road user levy U.K.

Schedule 22 makes provision (including consequential provision) about—

(a) the charging of HGV road user levy in respect of UK-registered and non-UK registered heavy goods vehicles,

(b) the register of HGV road user levy paid or due to be paid, and

(c) the rate of HGV road user levy chargeable in respect of a heavy goods vehicle by reference to the vehicle’s revenue weight.

326 End of exempt period for HGV road user levy U.K.

(1) In section 88 of FA 2020 (HGV road user levy)—

(a) in the heading, at the end insert “: exempt period”;

(b) in subsection (1), at the beginning insert “Subject to section 88A,”;

(c) in subsection (3), at the beginning insert “For the purposes of this section and section 88A,”.

(2) After that section insert—

“88A HGV road user levy: transitional provision for end of exempt period

(1) This section applies where—

(a) a UK heavy goods vehicle (the “charged vehicle”) is charged to vehicle excise duty in respect of more than one period (a “charged period”) beginning within the last 12 months of the exempt period, and

(b) the combined length of the charged periods is more than 12 months.

(2) Section 5(2) of the 2013 Act applies in relation to the charged vehicle in respect of each complete month in the period (the “transitional liability period”)—

(a) beginning with the day after the last exempt day in relation to the charged vehicle, and

(b) ending with the end of the charged period during which that last exempt day occurs.

(3) The last exempt day, in relation to a charged vehicle, is the last day of the period of 12 months beginning with the day on which the first charged period beginning within the last 12 months of the exempt period began.

(4) Subsection (5) applies where, in relation to the charged vehicle—

(a) a notification has been made under section 7(2)(c) of the 2013 Act (an “off-road notification”) in respect of a period beginning within the last 12 months of the exempt period, and

(b) vehicle excise duty is charged in respect of a period beginning—

(i) after the day on which the off-road notification is made, and

(ii) within the last 12 months of the exempt period.

(5) In calculating the period of 12 months mentioned in subsection (3) ignore the number of whole months in the period beginning with the day on which the off-road notification is made and ending with the first day of the period described in subsection (4)(b).

(6) The Secretary of State, and any person who may exercise powers on behalf of the Secretary of State under section 9 of the 2013 Act (collection of levy), may (in addition to having the powers, duties and liabilities mentioned in that section) give a notice (a “payment notice”) to a person liable for HGV road user levy in respect of a transitional liability period.

(7) A payment notice must state—

(a) the amount of HGV road user levy for which the person is liable in respect of the transitional liability period,

(b) how the amount is to be paid, and

(c) that payment must be made within the period of 28 days beginning with the day on which the notice is given.

(8) The amount in subsection (7)(a) is given by—

where—

• L is the yearly rate of HGV road user levy applicable in relation to the vehicle on the first day of the transitional liability period, and

• M is the number of whole months during the transitional liability period.

(9) In relation to the transitional liability period—

(a) a person commits an offence under section 11 of the 2013 Act (offence of using or keeping heavy goods vehicle if levy not paid) only if the person—

(i) has been given a payment notice, and

(ii) has failed to make payment in accordance with that notice, and

(b) section 7(5A) of the Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994 has effect as if the reference to HGV road user levy having been paid were a reference to it having been paid in accordance with a payment notice.

(10) In this section “UK heavy goods vehicle” has the same meaning as in the HGV Road User Levy Act 2013 (see section 2 of that Act).”

Environmental taxes U.K.

327 Rates of landfill tax U.K.

(1) Section 42 of FA 1996 (amount of landfill tax) is amended as follows.

(2) In subsection (1)(a) (standard rate), for “£98.60” substitute “£102.10”.

(3) In subsection (2) (reduced rate for certain disposals), in the words after paragraph (b)—

(a) for “£98.60” substitute “£102.10”, and

(b) for “£3.15” substitute “£3.25”.

(4) The amendments made by this section have effect in relation to disposals made (or treated as made) on or after 1 April 2023.

328 Rates of climate change levy U.K.

(1) Paragraph 42 of Schedule 6 to FA 2000 (climate change levy: amount payable by way of levy) is amended as follows.

(2) In sub-paragraph (1), for the table substitute—

“TABLE

Taxable commodity supplied	Rate at which levy payable if supply is not a reduced-rate supply
Electricity	£0.00775 per kilowatt hour
Gas supplied by a gas utility or any gas supplied in a gaseous state that is of a kind supplied by a gas utility	£0.00775 per kilowatt hour
Any petroleum gas, or other gaseous hydrocarbon, supplied in a liquid state	£0.02175 per kilogram
Any other taxable commodity	£0.06064 per kilogram”

(3) In sub-paragraph (1)(c) (reduced-rate supplies in respect of any taxable commodity other than electricity or petroleum gas, or other gaseous hydrocarbon, supplied in a liquid state), for “12” substitute “11”.

(4) In consequence of the amendment made by subsection (3), in the definition of “r” in the Notes to paragraph 2 of Schedule 1 to the Climate Change Levy (General) Regulations 2001 (S.I. 2001/838), for “0.88” substitute “0.89”.

(5) The amendments made by this section have effect in relation to supplies treated as taking place on or after 1 April 2024.

329 Rate of plastic packaging tax U.K.

(1) In section 45(1) of FA 2021 (rate of plastic packaging tax), for “£200” substitute “£210.82”.

(2) The amendment made by this section has effect in relation to packaging components produced in, or imported into, the United Kingdom on or after 1 April 2023.

330 Aggregates levy: exemptions and exploitation U.K.

(1) Part 2 of FA 2001 (aggregates levy) is amended as follows.

(2) In section 17 (meanings of “aggregate” and “taxable aggregate”)—

(a) in subsection (3)—

(i) omit paragraphs (b), (d) and (da);

(ii) omit the “or” at the end of paragraph (e);

(iii) after paragraph (f) insert “; or

(g) it consists wholly of aggregate won by being removed from the ground on the site of any or any proposed structure, or the site of any or any proposed infrastructure relating to transportation or utilities, in the course of excavations lawfully carried out—

(i) in connection with, and necessary for, the construction, modification, maintenance or improvement of the structure or infrastructure, and

(ii) not for the purpose of extracting that aggregate.”;

(b) in subsection (4) omit paragraph (e);

(c) in subsection (7) omit the definition of “highway”.

(3) In section 19 (commercial exploitation)—

(a) in subsection (3), in paragraph (e), for “site from which it was won” substitute “original site by virtue of it being used for a purpose connected with winning aggregate or other minerals from the site”;

(b) after subsection (3A) insert—

“(3B) For the purposes of subsection (3)(e), in relation to a quantity of aggregate, “the original site” means the site from which it was won.”;

(c) for subsection (4) substitute—

“(4) Subsection (4A) applies where, at the time when any aggregate is won from any site, a person (“P”) is in occupation for relevant purposes of—

(a) that site, or

(b) that site and other land.

(4A) Where this subsection applies, so long as the site mentioned in subsection (4), or that site and the other land, continue to be occupied by P for relevant purposes, subsection (3)(e) has effect as if—

(a) (where relevant) the reference to the land at the original site included the other land, and

(b) the words “by virtue of it being used for a purpose connected with winning aggregate or other minerals from the site” were omitted.

(4B) For the purposes of subsections (4) and (4A) relevant purposes are—

(a) the purposes of the carrying on of any agricultural business, or

(b) the purposes of the carrying on of any forestry business or otherwise for the purposes of forestry.”

(4) In consequence of the amendments made by subsection (2), in the Aggregates Levy (Registration and Miscellaneous Provisions) Regulations 2001 (S.I. 2001/ 4027), in regulation 3 (unconditional exemption from registration), in paragraph (a)—

(a) in sub-paragraph (i), for “(b), (c), (d) or (da)” substitute “(c) or (g)”;

(b) in sub-paragraph (ii), for “(c), (d) or (e)” substitute “(c) or (d)”.

(5) The amendments made by this section have effect in relation to aggregate won on or after 1 October 2023.

Part 7 U.K. Miscellaneous and final

Freeports and investment zones U.K.

331 Designation of sites U.K.

(1) Section 113 of FA 2021 (designation of freeport tax sites) is amended as follows.

(2) In subsection (2)(a) and (b), after “a freeport” insert “or an investment zone”.

(3) In subsection (3), for “a “freeport tax site”” substitute “a “special tax site””.

(4) For subsection (5) substitute—

“(5) For the purposes of this section any reference to a freeport or an investment zone is to an area which is identified as such in a document published by, or with the consent of, the Treasury for the purposes of this section (and not withdrawn).”

(5) Schedule 23 makes amendments in consequence of the provision made by this section.

332 Sunset date for reliefs U.K.

(1) In section 61A of FA 2003 (relief from stamp duty land tax in case of transactions relating to land in designated sites), in subsection (3), for “30 September 2026” substitute “the applicable sunset date in relation to the special tax site concerned (as to which see section 332(4) and (5) of the Finance (No.2) Act 2023)”.

(2) In section 45O of CAA 2001 (enhanced capital allowances in case of expenditure on plant or machinery for use in designated sites), in subsection (5), for “30 September 2026” substitute “the applicable sunset date in relation to the special tax site concerned (as to which see section 332(4) and (5) of F(No.2)A 2023)”.

(3) In Chapter 2A of Part 2A of CAA 2001 (enhanced structures and building allowances in case of buildings or structures in designated sites)—

(a) in section 270BNA—

(i) in subsection (3)(b), for “30 September 2026” substitute “the applicable sunset date in relation to the special tax site concerned (as to which see section 332(4) and (5) of F(No.2)A 2023)”, and

(ii) in subsection (4)(b), for “30 September 2026” substitute “the applicable sunset date in relation to the special tax site concerned”, and

(b) in section 270BNB(3), for “30 September 2026” substitute “the applicable sunset date in relation to the special tax site concerned”.

(4) For the purposes of section 61A of FA 2003 and sections 45O, 270BNA and 270BNB of CAA 2001 (“the sunset provisions”), the applicable sunset date in relation to a special tax site is—

(a) 30 September 2026, or

(b) such later date as may be specified in relation to the site by regulations made by the Treasury.

(5) The regulations—

(a) may specify different dates for different descriptions of special tax sites, and

(b) may amend the sunset provisions.

(6) Schedule 23 makes amendments in consequence of the provision made by this section.

Administration U.K.

333 Right to repayment of income tax to be inalienable U.K.

(1) A right of an individual to a repayment of income tax from HMRC may not be assigned.

(2) Every assignment of a right of an individual to a repayment of income tax from HMRC, and every agreement to assign any such right, is void.

(3) Subsection (2) has effect in relation to assignments and agreements to assign of which HMRC receives notice on or after 15 March 2023.

(4) In the application of this section to Scotland the reference to assignment of a right is to be read as a reference to assignation, “assign” being construed accordingly.

(5) In this section “HMRC” means His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs.

334 Late payment interest on value added tax U.K.

(1) In the Finance Act 2009, Sections 101 and 102 (Value Added Tax) (Late Payment Interest and Repayment Interest) (Exceptions and Consequential Amendments) Order 2022 (S.I. 2022/1298), in Part 2 (exceptions), before article 2 insert—

“1A Exception from section 101 of the Finance Act 2009 - late payment interest

(1) Section 101 of the Finance Act 2009 (late payment interest on sums due to HMRC) does not apply to annual accounting scheme instalments.

(2) In paragraph (1) “annual accounting scheme instalment” means an amount payable to HMRC by virtue of regulation 50(2)(a) of the VAT Regulations.”

(2) In Part 2 of Schedule 53 to FA 2009 (late payment interest start date), after paragraph 11 insert—

“VAT due after excess payment or credit from HMRC

11ZA (1) This paragraph applies to any amount of value added tax which is due and recoverable from a person by virtue of—

(a) section 73(9) of VATA 1994, in relation to an amount assessed and notified to the person under subsection (2) of that section, or

(b) section 80C(1) of that Act.

(2) The late payment interest start date in respect of that amount is the date on which HMRC paid or credited that amount to the person.”

(3) Where, ignoring this subsection, the late payment interest start date in respect of an amount would, by virtue of paragraph 11ZA of Schedule 53 to FA 2009 (inserted by subsection (2)), be a date before 15 March 2023, the late payment interest start date in respect of that amount is instead 15 March 2023.

(4) The amendment made by subsection (1) is treated as having been made under section 101(2)(c) of FA 2009 (power to specify descriptions of amounts payable to HMRC that are not subject to late payment interest).

(5) This section is treated as having come into force on 15 March 2023.

Commencement Information

I144 S. 334 in force in accordance with s. 334(5)

335 Penalties for failure to pay value added tax U.K.

(1) Paragraph 1 of Schedule 26 to FA 2021 (penalties for failure to pay tax) is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (4).

(2) The existing text becomes sub-paragraph (1).

(3) In the table in that sub-paragraph relating to value added tax—

(a) in item 1, in the second column, for “(except an amount within item 2, 3, 4 or 5)” substitute “except an amount within item 3, 4 or 5, or that is an annual accounting scheme instalment”;

(b) omit item 2.

(4) After that sub-paragraph insert—

“(2) In the table relating to value added tax, “annual accounting scheme instalment” means an amount payable to HMRC by virtue of regulation 50(2)(a) of the Value Added Tax Regulations 1995 (S.I. 1995/2518).”

(5) The amendments made by this section are treated as always having had effect.

336 VAT credits: repayment interest due where evidence not provided U.K.

(1) Paragraph 12E of Schedule 54 to FA 2009 (special provision as to amounts carrying repayment interest etc) is amended as follows.

(2) In sub-paragraph (1), in paragraph (b)—

(a) for “4(1) or (1A)” substitute “4(1A)”;

(b) omit “production of evidence and”.

(3) In sub-paragraph (2)—

(a) in paragraph (a) omit “production of evidence or”;

(b) in paragraph (b) omit “the required evidence or”.

(4) The amendments made by this section are to be treated as having come into force immediately after the coming into force of Schedule 29 to FA 2021 in accordance with regulation 2(2)(a) of The Finance Act 2009, Finance (No. 3) Act 2010 and Finance Act 2021 (Value Added Tax) (Interest) (Appointed Days) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/1277).

337 Insurance premium tax: power to make regulations about notifications U.K.

In Part 3 of FA 1994 (insurance premium tax), in section 74 (orders and regulations)—

(a) after subsection (6) insert—

“(6A) Regulations under this Part making provision as to the form and manner in which a notification is to be made, or as to the information to be contained in or provided with a notification, may make such provision by reference to a notice published by the Commissioners from time to time.”;

(b) in subsection (9), for “(7) and” substitute “(6A) to”.

338 Penalties for failure to make payments of plastic packaging tax on time U.K.

(1) Schedule 56 to FA 2009 (penalty for failure to make payments on time) is amended as follows—

(a) in paragraph 3(1), after sub-paragraph (a) insert—

“(aza) a payment of tax falling within items 11AA or 11AB in the Table,”;

(b) in paragraph 8A(1), for “and 11A to” substitute “, 11A and 11B to”.

(2) The amendments made by this section have effect in relation to amounts of plastic packaging tax payable in respect of accounting periods commencing on or after 1 April 2023.

Management of customs and excise U.K.

339 Approval of aerodromes U.K.

(1) CEMA 1979 is amended as follows.

(2) After section 20(A) insert—

“20B Approval of aerodromes

(1) The Commissioners may approve an aerodrome for the purposes of the customs and excise Acts.

(2) In any case where they consider it would facilitate the administration, collection or enforcement of any duty of customs, the Commissioners may by regulations—

(a) specify conditions which must be met before an approval is granted, or

(b) specify other conditions which they may, in any particular case, require to be met before an approval is granted.

(3) In any other case, an approval has effect subject to such conditions and restrictions as the Commissioners think fit.

(4) The Commissioners may at any time for reasonable cause revoke or vary the terms of an approval.

(5) This section does not apply in relation to an aerodrome which is a customs and excise airport.”.

(3) Section 21 (control of movement of aircraft, etc into and out of the United Kingdom) is amended in accordance with subsections (4) to (7).

(4) In each of subsections (1), (2), (3)(a) and (b) and (4), for “customs and excise airport”, in each place it occurs, substitute “regulated aerodrome”.

(5) After subsection (5) insert—

“(5A) A person in control of an unregulated aerodrome must take reasonable steps to secure that no aircraft lands at, or departs from, the aerodrome in circumstances in which there would be a contravention of any of subsections (1) to (3).”

(6) In subsection (6), for “this section” substitute “subsections (1) to (4)”.

(7) After subsection (6) insert—

“(6A) For the purposes of this Act each of the following is a “regulated aerodrome”—

(a) a customs and excise airport, and

(b) an aerodrome approved under section 20B,

(and any other aerodrome is an “unregulated aerodrome”).”.

(8) In section 22 (approval of examination stations at customs and excise airports)—

(a) in the heading, for “customs and excise airports” substitute “regulated aerodromes”;

(b) in subsection (1), for “customs and excise airport” substitute “regulated aerodrome”.

(9) In section 22A (examination stations), in each of subsections (1)(a), (1A) and (2), for “customs and excise airport” substitute “regulated aerodrome”.

340 Approved aerodromes: minor and consequential amendments U.K.

(1) CEMA 1979 is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (4).

(2) In section 1 (interpretation), in subsection (1), insert at the appropriate place—

• ““regulated aerodrome” has the meaning given by section 21(6A);”.

(3) In each of the following provisions, for “customs and excise airport” substitute “regulated aerodrome”—

(a) in section 5(5) (time of importation, exportation, etc);

(b) in section 23(1)(a) (control of movement of hovercraft);

(c) in section 30(1)(a) and (b) (control of movement of uncleared goods within or between port or airport and other places);

(d) in section 34(1)(a) and (b) (power to prevent flight of aircraft or departure of railway vehicles);

(e) in section 42(1)(a) (power to regulate unloading, removal, etc of imported goods);

(f) in section 164(4)(d) (power to search persons).

(4) In section 172 (regulations), in subsection (3), after “20,” insert “20B,”.

(5) In Schedule 5 to FA 1994 (decisions subject to review and appeal), in paragraph 2(1)—

(a) in paragraph (a)—

(i) for “section 20, 22 or 25 (approved wharf, examination station or temporary storage facility)” substitute “section 20, 20B, 22 or 25 (approved wharf, approved aerodrome, examination station or temporary storage facility)”;

(ii) after “subsection (1A)(a) of section 20, 22 or 25” insert “, or subsection (2)(a) of section 20B,”;

(iii) for “subsection (1A)(b) of that section” substitute “subsection (1A)(b) of section 20, 22 or 25 or subsection (2)(b) of section 20B”;

(b) after paragraph (a) insert—

“(aa) any decision as to whether or not approval of an aerodrome under section 20B is to be given or withdrawn, or as to the conditions or restrictions under section 20B(3) subject to which any such approval is given;”.

(6) In section 26 of FA 2003 (penalty for contravention of a relevant rule), in subsection (5A), after “section 20(1A),” insert “20B(2),”.

(7) In section 18 of the Customs and Excise Duties (General Reliefs) Act 1979 (interpretation), in the list of expressions in subsection (2), omit—

• ““customs and excise airport””.

341 Temporary approvals etc U.K.

(1) Section 16B of FA 1994 (temporary approvals etc pending review or appeal: process) is amended as follows.

(2) In subsection (3), for paragraph (b) substitute—

“(b) expires—

(i) on the expiry day determined in accordance with subsection (4), or

(ii) if HMRC are satisfied that it is appropriate in all the circumstances, on a later day determined by HMRC, and”.

(3) In subsection (4), for “The day on which a temporary approval expires is” substitute “For the purposes of subsection (3)(b)(i), the expiry day in relation to a temporary approval is”.

Conditionality U.K.

342 Licensing authorities: requirements to give or obtain tax information U.K.

(1) Schedule 33 to FA 2021 (licensing authorities: requirements to give or obtain tax information) is amended as follows.

(2) The table in paragraph 1(2) is amended in accordance with subsections (3) to (8).

(3) After the entry for a licence under section 51 of LG(MP)A 1976 insert—

“A taxi driver’s licence (including a temporary licence) under section 13 of CG(S)A 1982	Driving a taxi (Scotland)	A licensing authority (within the meaning of CG(S)A 1982)	1
A private hire car driver’s licence (including a temporary licence) under section 13 of CG(S)A 1982	Driving a private hire car (Scotland)	A licensing authority (within the meaning of CG(S)A 1982)	1”

(4) After the entry for a licence under section 13 of PHV(L)A 1998 insert—

“A licence under section 23 of TA(NI) 2008

Driving a taxi (Northern Ireland)

The Department for Infrastructure in Northern Ireland

1”

(5) After the entry for a licence under section 55 of LG(MP)A 1976 insert—

“A licence (including a temporary licence) under Part 1 of CG(S)A 1982 for the activity specified in article 2(2) of LBOO 2009

Use of premises as booking office for taxis or private hire cars (Scotland)

A licensing authority (within the meaning of CG(S)A 1982)

2”

(6) After the entry for a licence under section 3 of PHV(L)A 1998 insert—

“A metal dealer’s licence (including a temporary licence) under section 28 of CG(S)A 1982

Carrying on business as a metal dealer (Scotland)

A licensing authority (within the meaning of CG(S)A 1982)

3”

(7) After the entry for a site licence under SMDA 2013 insert—

“An itinerant metal dealer’s licence (including a temporary licence) under section 32 of CG(S)A 1982

Carrying on business as an itinerant metal dealer (Scotland)

A licensing authority (within the meaning of CG(S)A 1982)

4”

(8) At the end of the second column of each of the following entries insert “(England and Wales)”—

(a) the entry for a licence under section 46 of TPCA 1847;

(b) the entry for a licence under section 51 of LG(MP)A 1976;

(c) the entry for a licence under section 55 of LG(MP)A 1976;

(d) the entry for a site licence under SMDA 2013;

(e) the entry for a collector’s licence under SMDA 2013.

(9) In paragraph 1(3), at the appropriate places, insert the following definitions—

• ““CG(S)A 1982” means the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982;”

• ““LBOO 2009” means the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 (Licensing of Booking Offices) Order 2009 (S.S.I. 2009/145);”

• ““TA(NI) 2008” means the Taxis Act (Northern Ireland) 2008 (c. 4 (N.I.));”

(10) The amendments made by this section have effect in relation to applications made on or after 2 October 2023.

343 Section 342: consequential amendments U.K.

(1) The Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 is amended as follows.

(2) In section 3 (discharge of functions of licensing authorities)—

(a) in subsection (1)(a), for “date on which the application was made” substitute “relevant date”;

(b) after subsection (1) insert—

“(1A) In subsection (1) “the relevant date” means—

(a) the date on which the application is made, or

(b) if, on that date, the licensing authority is prevented from considering the application by paragraph 2(2) or 3(2) of Schedule 33 to the Finance Act 2021 (which contain requirements to be complied with before applications may be considered), the date on which the licensing authority ceases to be so prevented.”

(3) Paragraph 7 of Schedule 1 (temporary licenses) is amended in accordance with subsections (4) and (5).

(4) In sub-paragraph (6), before paragraph (a) insert—

“(za) where—

(i) at any time after the application for the licence under paragraph 1 is made, the licensing authority requests the applicant to give it further information for the purpose of enabling it to make a request, or make a further request, under paragraph 3(2)(a) of Schedule 33 to the Finance Act 2021 (request for confirmation of completed tax check) in relation to the application, and

(ii) at the end of the relevant period, the licensing authority continues to be prevented from considering the application by paragraph 3(2) of that Schedule to that Act,

the end of the relevant period; or”.

(5) After sub-paragraph (6) insert—

“(6A) In sub-paragraph (6)(za) “the relevant period” means—

(a) the period of 7 days beginning with the day on which the request under sub-paragraph (6)(za)(i) is made, or

(b) if the final day of that period is earlier than the day on which (disregarding sub-paragraph (6)) the temporary licence expires, the period ending with that later day.”

(6) Paragraph 8 of Schedule 1 (duration of licences) is amended in accordance with subsections (7) and (8).

(7) In sub-paragraph (6), before paragraph (a) insert—

“(za) where—

(i) at any time after the application is made, the licensing authority requests the applicant to give it further information for the purpose of enabling it to make a request, or make a further request, under paragraph 3(2)(a) of Schedule 33 to the Finance Act 2021 (request for confirmation of completed tax check) in relation to the application, and

(ii) at the end of the relevant period, the licensing authority continues to be prevented from considering the application by paragraph 3(2) of that Schedule to that Act,

the end of the relevant period; or”.

(8) After sub-paragraph (6) insert—

“(6A) In sub-paragraph (6)(za) “the relevant period” means—

(a) the period of 28 days beginning with the day on which the request under sub-paragraph (6)(za)(i) is made, or

(b) if the final day of that period is earlier than the day on which (disregarding sub-paragraphs (4) and (5)) the licence expires, the period ending with that later day.”

Charities and community amateur sports clubs U.K.

344 Definition of “charity” restricted to UK charities U.K.

(1) In Part 1 of Schedule 6 to FA 2010 (definition of “charity” etc), in paragraph 2 (jurisdiction condition)—

(a) in sub-paragraph (1) omit paragraph (b) (and the “or” before it);

(b) omit sub-paragraphs (3) to (5).

(2) In relation to a body of persons or trust that has asserted its status as a charity, the amendments made by this section have effect—

(a) for the purposes of income tax, for the tax year 2024-25 and subsequent tax years;

(b) for the purposes of capital gains tax, in relation to disposals made on or after 6 April 2024;

(c) for the purposes of corporation tax, in relation to accounting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2024;

(d) for the purposes of value added tax, in relation to supplies made, and acquisitions and importations taking place, on or after 1 April 2024;

(e) for the purposes of inheritance tax, in relation to transfers of value made on or after 1 April 2024;

(f) for the purposes of stamp duty, in relation to any instrument executed on or after 1 April 2024;

(g) for the purposes of stamp duty land tax, in relation to any land transaction the effective date of which is on or after 1 April 2024;

(h) for the purposes of stamp duty reserve tax, in relation to any agreement to transfer securities in respect of which the relevant day (within the meaning of section 87(2) of FA 1986) is or is after 1 April 2024;

(i) for the purposes of annual tax on enveloped dwellings, for the chargeable period beginning with 1 April 2024 and subsequent chargeable periods;

(j) for the purposes of diverted profits tax, in relation to accounting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2024.

(3) Notwithstanding subsection (2)(g), the amendments made by this section do not have effect for the purposes of stamp duty land tax in relation to a transaction entered into by a body of persons or trust that has asserted its status as a charity if—

(a) the transaction is effected in pursuance of a contract entered into and substantially performed before 1 April 2024, or

(b) the transaction—

(i) is effected in pursuance of a contract entered into before 15 March 2023, and

(ii) is not excluded for the purposes of this paragraph by subsection (6).

(4) In relation to a body of persons or trust that has not asserted its status as a charity, the amendments made by this section have effect—

(a) for the purposes of income tax—

(i) for the tax year 2022-23 so far as it falls on or after 15 March 2023, and

(ii) for subsequent tax years;

(b) for the purposes of capital gains tax, in relation to disposals made on or after 15 March 2023;

(c) for the purposes of corporation tax, in relation to accounting periods beginning on or after 15 March 2023;

(d) for the purposes of value added tax, in relation to supplies made, and acquisitions and importations taking place, on or after 15 March 2023;

(e) for the purposes of inheritance tax, in relation to transfers of value made on or after 15 March 2023;

(f) for the purposes of stamp duty, in relation to any instrument executed on or after 15 March 2023;

(g) for the purposes of stamp duty land tax, in relation to any land transaction the effective date of which is on or after 15 March 2023;

(h) for the purposes of stamp duty reserve tax, in relation to any agreement to transfer securities in respect of which the relevant day (within the meaning of section 87(2) of FA 1986) is or is after 15 March 2023;

(i) for the purposes of annual tax on enveloped dwellings—

(i) for the chargeable period beginning with 1 April 2022 so far as it falls on or after 15 March 2023, and

(ii) for subsequent chargeable periods;

(j) for the purposes of diverted profits tax, in relation to accounting periods beginning on or after 15 March 2023.

(5) Notwithstanding subsection (4)(g), the amendments made by this section do not have effect for the purposes of stamp duty land tax in relation to a transaction entered into by a body of persons or trust that has not asserted its status as a charity if—

(a) the transaction is effected in pursuance of a contract entered into and substantially performed before 15 March 2023, or

(b) the transaction—

(i) is effected in pursuance of a contract entered into before that date, and

(ii) is not excluded for the purposes of this paragraph by subsection (6).

(6) A transaction is excluded for the purposes of subsection (3)(b) or (5)(b) if—

(a) there is any variation of the contract, or assignment of rights under the contract, on or after 15 March 2023,

(b) the transaction is effected in consequence of the exercise on or after that date of any option, right of pre-emption or similar right, or

(c) on or after that date there is an assignment, subsale or other transaction relating to the whole or part of the subject-matter of the contract as a result of which a person other than the purchaser under the contract becomes entitled to call for a conveyance.

(7) If a company has an accounting period (“the straddling accounting period”) that begins before a commencement date and ends on or after that date—

(a) the part of the straddling accounting period that falls before that date, and

(b) the part of the straddling accounting period that falls on or after that date,

are to be treated for relevant purposes as separate accounting periods.

(8) In subsection (7)—

• “commencement date” means the date mentioned in subsection (2)(c) or (4)(c);

• “relevant purposes” means the purposes of determining the company’s liability to any charge to a tax mentioned in subsection (2) or (4), or eligibility for any relief relating to such a tax, that is affected by the company’s status as a charity.

(9) An apportionment to different periods which falls to be made as a result of subsection (4)(a)(i) or (i)(i) is to be made on a time basis according to the respective length of the periods.

For the corresponding rule applying to apportionments falling to be made as a result of subsection (7), see section 1172 of CTA 2010.

(10) For the purposes of this section a body of persons or trust has “asserted its status as a charity” if—

(a) immediately before 15 March 2023 it falls within the definition of “charity” in Part 1 of Schedule 6 to FA 2010, and

(b) at any time before that date, it has (under any enactment) made a valid claim to His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs in reliance on its status as a charity.

(11) The amendments made by this section are to be ignored in determining—

(a) whether a person who, immediately before 15 March 2023, owns one or more shares forming the ordinary share capital of a UK REIT is, at any later time, an institutional investor in relation to those shares;

(b) whether a person who, immediately before 15 March 2023, is a unit holder in an exempt unauthorised unit trust is, at any later time, an eligible investor in relation to those units;

(c) whether a person who, immediately before 15 March 2023, holds a relevant interest in—

(i) a QAHC, or

(ii) a company that has made an entry notification,

is, at any later time, a relevant qualifying investor in relation to that interest.

(12) In subsection (11)—

(a) expressions used in paragraph (a) have the same meaning as in Part 12 of CTA 2010 (real estate investment trusts);

(b) expressions used in paragraph (b) have the same meaning as in the Unauthorised Unit Trusts (Tax) Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/2819);

(c) expressions used in paragraph (c), have the same meaning as in Schedule 2 to FA 2022 (qualifying asset holding companies).

(13) The following regulations were made under a power contained in paragraph 2(3) to (5) of Schedule 6 to FA 2010 and are therefore revoked by virtue of subsection (1)(b)—

(a) the Taxes (Definition of Charity) (Relevant Territories) Regulations 2010 (S.I. 2010/1904);

(b) the Taxes (Definition of Charity) (Relevant Territories) (Amendment) Regulations 2014 (S.I. 2014/1807).

345 Definition of “community amateur sports club” restricted to UK clubs U.K.

(1) In section 661A of CTA 2010 (community amateur sports clubs: the location condition)—

(a) in subsection (1)—

(i) in paragraph (a), omit “or a relevant territory”;

(ii) in paragraph (b), omit “or are all located in a single relevant territory”;

(b) omit subsection (2).

(2) In relation to a club that has asserted its status as a CASC, the amendments made by this section have effect in relation to accounting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2024.

(3) In relation to a club that has not asserted its status as a CASC, the amendments made by this section have effect in relation to accounting periods beginning on or after 15 March 2023.

(4) If a club has an accounting period (“the straddling accounting period”) that begins before a commencement date and ends on or after that date—

(a) the part of the straddling accounting period that falls before that date, and

(b) the part of the straddling accounting period that falls on or after that date,

are to be treated for relevant purposes as separate accounting periods.

(5) In subsection (4)—

• “commencement date” means the date mentioned in subsection (2) or (3);

• “relevant purposes” means the purposes of determining the club’s liability to any charge to tax, or eligibility for any tax relief, that is affected by the club’s status as a CASC.

(6) For the purposes of this section a club has “asserted its status as a CASC” if, immediately before 15 March 2023—

(a) it is registered as a community amateur sports club under section 658 of CTA 2010, or

(b) it is not so registered but is entitled to be so in accordance with that section and has made an application for registration under subsection (2) of that section.

Homes for Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme U.K.

346 Exemptions from tax U.K.

(1) Schedule 24 makes provision about the Homes for Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme in relation to—

(a) income tax

(b) corporation tax;

(c) annual tax on enveloped dwellings;

(d) stamp duty land tax.

(2) In this section and in Schedule 24, “the Homes for Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme” means the scheme contained in paragraphs UKR 11.1 to UKR 20.2 of Appendix Ukraine Scheme to the immigration rules (within the meaning of the Immigration Act 1971).

Office of Tax Simplification U.K.

347 Abolition of the Office of Tax Simplification U.K.

(1) The Office of Tax Simplification is abolished.

(2) The amendments in subsections (3) to (8) are made in consequence of subsection (1).

(3) In the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975, in Part 2 of Schedule 1 (bodies of which all members are disqualified) omit the entry for the Office of Tax Simplification.

(4) In the Northern Ireland Assembly Disqualification Act 1975, in Part 2 of Schedule 1 (bodies of which all members are disqualified) omit the entry for the Office of Tax Simplification.

(5) In the Freedom of Information Act 2000, in Part 6 of Schedule 1 (other public bodies and offices: general) omit the entry for the Office of Tax Simplification.

(6) In the Equality Act 2010, in Part 1 of Schedule 19 (public authorities: general), under the heading “industry, business, finance etc” omit the entry for the Office of Tax Simplification.

(7) In FA 2016 omit Part 12 and Schedule 25 (Office of Tax Simplification).

(8) In FA 2022 omit section 102 (increase in membership of the OTS) and the italic heading before it.

The dormant assets scheme U.K.

348 Pension benefits and inheritance tax U.K.

(1) In FA 2004, in Part 4 (pension schemes etc)—

(a) in section 150 (meaning of “pension scheme”), in subsection (5A), for “274B” substitute “274ZA”;

(b) in section 251 (information: general requirements), after subsection (5) insert—

“(5A) Regulations under this section may make different provision for different cases.”;

(c) section 274B (National Employment Savings Trust and Master Trust schemes) (which appears under the italic heading “National Employment Savings Trust and Master Trust schemes” at the beginning of Chapter 8 and before section 274A) is renumbered section 274ZA;

(d) after section 274ZA (as renumbered by paragraph (c)) insert—

“Dormant pension benefits U.K.

274ZB Treatment of pension benefits reclaimed from reclaim fund etc

(1) Subsection (2) applies where an amount is paid out of an authorised reclaim fund in respect of transferred dormant eligible pension benefits.

(2) For the purposes of income tax and this Part, the amount paid out is to be treated as having been paid as a consequence of a right that is the same as the original rights, acquired as the original rights were acquired and having the same characteristics as those rights.

(3) The Commissioners for His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs may make regulations in relation to cases where—

(a) an amount is paid out of an authorised reclaim fund in respect of transferred dormant eligible pension benefits,

(b) the registered pension scheme from which the benefits were transferred was wound up before the payment of that amount, and

(c) the payment, or part of the payment, is treated (by virtue of subsection (2)) as being the payment by a registered pension scheme of—

(i) a pension protection lump sum death benefit,

(ii) an annuity protection lump sum death benefit,

(iii) a drawdown pension fund lump sum death benefit, or

(iv) a flexi-access drawdown fund lump sum death benefit.

(4) Regulations under subsection (3) may provide that a person specified in the regulations—

(a) is to be treated as the scheme administrator for the purposes of the operation of section 206;

(b) is responsible for the discharge of all obligations imposed on the scheme administrator by or under this Part so far as related to the liability imposed by that section to pay tax in respect of it.

(5) Regulations under subsection (3) may—

(a) make specific or general provision;

(b) make different provision for different cases.

(6) No liability to income tax arises in respect of income derived from investments or deposits—

(a) that are held by an authorised reclaim fund, and

(b) that relate to an amount transferred to the authorised reclaim fund in respect of transferred dormant eligible pension benefits.

(7) For the purposes of subsection (6), it does not matter when liability to income tax on income within that subsection would otherwise arise.

(8) Subsection (2) of section 186 (income) applies for the purposes of subsection (6) of this section as it applies for the purposes of subsection (1) of that section.

(9) For the purposes of this section—

• “authorised reclaim fund” has the same meaning as in the Dormant Assets Acts 2008 to 2022;

• “the original rights” are a person’s rights against the scheme administrator of a registered pension scheme, in respect of the benefits subsequently transferred by the scheme administrator to an authorised reclaim fund, immediately before the transfer;

• “transferred dormant eligible pension benefits” means dormant eligible pensions benefits owing to a person that have been transferred by the scheme administrator of a registered pension scheme to an authorised reclaim fund with the result that section 5 of the Dormant Assets Act 2022 (transfer of eligible pension benefits to reclaim fund) applies (and references to benefits being transferred are to be construed accordingly).”

(2) In the Inheritance Tax Act 1984, in Chapter 5 of Part 5 (miscellaneous reliefs), after section 159 insert—

“Dormant assets U.K.

159A Treatment of dormant assets

(1) This section applies where there is a transfer in respect of a dormant asset.

(2) There is a transfer in respect of a dormant asset where an amount is transferred by an institution in respect of an asset—

(a) to an authorised reclaim fund, with the result that section 1 of the 2008 Act or section 2, 5, 8, 12 or 14 of the 2022 Act applies in relation to the asset, or

(b) to an authorised reclaim fund and one or more charities, with the result that section 2 of the 2008 Act applies in relation to the asset.

(3) For the purposes of this Act, rights which a person (“P”) acquires under Part 1 of the 2008 Act or Part 1 or sections 22 to 25 of the 2022 Act (as the case may be) after the transfer are to be treated as the same asset as the original rights, acquired as the original rights were acquired and having the same characteristics as those rights.

(4) For the purposes of this section—

• “the 2008 Act” means the Dormant Bank and Building Society Accounts Act 2008;

• “the 2022 Act” means the Dormant Assets Act 2022;

• “asset” means an asset within the scope of the dormant assets scheme (see section 1(6) of the 2022 Act);

• “authorised reclaim fund” has the same meaning as in the Dormant Assets Acts 2008 to 2022;

• “the original rights” are—

  (a)

  in a case where—

  (i)

  section 8 of the 2022 Act (investment assets) applies in relation to the asset and there has been a conversion as mentioned in section 9(3)(a) of that Act in connection with the transfer, or

  (ii)

  section 14 of the 2022 Act (securities assets) applies in relation to the asset and there has been a conversion as mentioned in section 15(1)(a) of that Act in connection with the transfer,

  P’s rights against the institution immediately before that conversion;

  (b)

  in any other case, P’s rights against the institution immediately before the transfer.”

(3) The amendments made by subsection (1) come into force on the day on which this Act is passed.

(4) The amendment made by subsection (2) is treated as having come into force on 6 June 2022.

Other U.K.

349 International arrangements for exchanging information U.K.

(1) The Treasury may make regulations for, or in connection with, giving effect to international tax compliance arrangements to any extent, subject to such exceptions or modifications as the Treasury consider appropriate.

(2) For the purposes of this section, “international tax compliance arrangements” means any provision of—

(a) arrangements specified in an Order in Council made under section 173 of FA 2006 (international tax enforcement arrangements);

(b) the agreement reached between the Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the United States of America to improve international tax compliance and to implement the provisions commonly known as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act in the enactment of the United States of America called the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act, signed on 12 September 2012;

(c) the guidance on country-by-country reporting contained in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) Guidance on Transfer Pricing Documentation and Country-by-Country Reporting, published in 2014;

(d) the OECD Standard for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information in Tax Matters, published in 2014;

(e) the OECD Model Mandatory Disclosure Rules for CRS Avoidance Arrangements and Opaque Offshore Structures, published in 2018;

(f) the OECD Model Rules for Reporting by Platform Operators with respect to Sellers in the Sharing and Gig Economy, published on 3 July 2020;

(g) any other arrangements or agreements made in relation to any territory or territories outside the United Kingdom, or documents related to those arrangements or agreements, which make provision corresponding or similar to that made by any arrangements, agreement or document mentioned in any of paragraphs (a) to (f).

(3) A reference in subsection (2) to arrangements, an agreement or another document includes a reference to the arrangements, agreement or other document as modified, supplemented or replaced from time to time.

(4) Regulations under subsection (1) may, in particular—

(a) require persons to disclose information of a specified description, including information about arrangements that they participated in before (as well as after) the coming into force of this section;

(b) require the information to be disclosed—

(i) to HMRC, specified persons or persons of a specified description,

(ii) at specified times,

(iii) in relation to specified periods of time, and

(iv) in a specified form and manner;

(c) impose other obligations on persons in connection with requirements to disclose information, including obligations to provide information to, and obtain information from, other specified persons;

(d) provide for the imposition of penalties in respect of a contravention of, or non-compliance with, a requirement of the regulations, including provision about appeals in relation to the imposition of a penalty;

(e) provide that a reference in the regulations to any international tax compliance arrangements is to be read as a reference to those arrangements as modified, supplemented or replaced from time to time;

(and for the purposes of this subsection “specified” means specified by or under the regulations).

(5) The regulations may—

(a) make different provision for different purposes;

(b) make provision by reference to things specified in a notice published by the Commissioners (as revised or replaced from time to time) in accordance with the regulations;

(c) allow any requirement, obligation or other provision that may be imposed or made by reference to subsection (4)(a) to (c) to be made by specific or general direction given by the Commissioners;

(d) make provision under which the Commissioners or other persons may exercise discretions;

(e) make consequential, supplementary, incidental, transitional or saving provision (including provision amending, repealing or revoking an enactment whenever passed or made).

(6) For the purposes of subsections (4) and (5)—

• “arrangements” means any scheme, transaction or series of transactions;

• “the Commissioners” means the Commissioners for His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs;

• “HMRC” means His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs;

• “participate”, in relation to arrangements, includes being involved in, or facilitating, the arrangements in any way (for example, by receiving any benefit from them or by designing, marketing or providing services in connection with them, or arranging for others to do so).

(7) The Treasury may by regulations amend the list of international tax compliance arrangements in subsection (2) by—

(a) adding an entry for any arrangements, agreement or document, by or under which provision is made about the exchange of information;

(b) altering or removing an entry.

(8) Regulations under this section are to be made by statutory instrument.

(9) A statutory instrument containing (whether alone or with other provision) regulations made under subsection (7) may not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before, and approved by resolution of, the House of Commons.

(10) A statutory instrument containing any other regulations under this section is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the House of Commons.

(11) The following provisions are repealed—

(a) section 222 of FA 2013;

(b) section 122 of FA 2015;

(c) section 84 of FA 2019;

(d) section 129 of FA 2021.

(12) Regulations made under any provision listed in subsection (11) are to be treated as if they were made under this section (so far as that would not otherwise be the case).

350 Payment of unclaimed money in court into the Consolidated Fund U.K.

In section 38(8) of the Administration of Justice Act 1982 (management and investment of funds in court: rules), after paragraph (f) (but before the “and” at the end) insert—

“(fa) provide for the payment of a sum of money in court into the Consolidated Fund if—

(i) the payment is in respect of funds in court which have been vested in the Accountant General under subsection (1) for at least 30 years, and

(ii) the conditions (if any) prescribed by the rules are met.”

351 Financial sanctions regulations: prohibition on certain payments by HMRC U.K.

(1) HMRC may not, at any time on or after 15 March 2023, make a payment (whether directly or indirectly) to or for the benefit of a person who is, at that time, a designated person for the purposes of financial sanctions regulations.

(2) The reference in subsection (1) to a payment—

(a) is a reference to a payment, including a repayment or refund, that HMRC would (apart from that subsection) be required or permitted, by or under any enactment, to make to the person, and

(b) includes a reference to a payment that HMRC would (apart from that subsection) be required or permitted to make to the person by way of setting off the amount payable (as a credit) against a liability of the person to pay an amount to HMRC (as a debit).

(3) The reference in subsection (1) to a payment being made (directly or indirectly) to or for the benefit of a person (“P”) includes the payment being made to another person who is owned or controlled (directly or indirectly) by P.

(4) Nothing in this section prevents the accrual of interest, in accordance with any enactment, on a withheld amount.

(5) But no other supplementary amount is payable by HMRC under section 79(1) of VATA 1994 (repayment supplement in respect of certain delayed payments or refunds), or any other enactment, by reference to an amount that is (or was) a withheld amount not being paid to a person on or before a particular date (including a date falling before 15 March 2023).

(6) Provision made by or under section 15 of SAMLA 2018 (exceptions and licences), and by section 44 of that Act (protection for acts done for the purposes of compliance), applies (with the necessary modifications) for the purposes of the prohibition under subsection (1) as it applies for the purposes of prohibitions under financial sanctions regulations.

(7) The Treasury may by regulations made by statutory instrument—

(a) specify further exceptions to the prohibition in subsection (1);

(b) make such other provision as they consider appropriate for the purposes of, or for purposes connected to, any provision made by this section.

(8) A statutory instrument containing regulations under subsection (7) is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the House of Commons.

(9) References in this section to “financial sanctions regulations” are references to regulations made (whether before or after the passing of this Act) under section 1 of SAMLA 2018, so far as they make provision for or in connection with imposing financial sanctions (within the meaning of section 3 of that Act).

(10) In this section—

• “designated person” has the meaning given by section 9 of SAMLA 2018;

• “enactment” means any provision made by or under an Act (whether before or after the passing of this Act);

• “HMRC” means His Majesty's Revenue and Customs;

• “SAMLA 2018” means the Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act 2018;

• “a withheld amount” means an amount that HMRC would, apart from this section, be required or permitted to pay to a person.

352 Communications data U.K.

(1) Section 12(2) of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (restriction of powers to obtain communications data) does not apply to a power falling within subsection (2).

(2) A power falls within this subsection if it is conferred (whether before, on or after the passing of this Act) by or under—

(a) any Finance Act of any year (including this Act and any other numbered Finance Act);

(b) the Taxes Acts (within the meaning of TMA 1970);

(c) the customs and excise Acts (within the meaning of CEMA 1979);

(d) any enactment relating to value added tax;

(e) any enactment, not falling within paragraphs (a) to (d), that relates to tax.

(3) But subsection (1) does not apply in relation to the exercise of such a power by a public authority in the course of a criminal investigation by the authority.

(4) In section 12 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016, after subsection (2) insert—

“(2A) Subsection (2) is subject to section 352(1) of the Finance (No. 2) Act 2023 (no restriction on tax related powers).”

(5) In Schedule 36 to FA 2008 (information and inspection powers), in paragraph 19, omit sub-paragraphs (4) and (5).

(6) In consequence of the repeal made by subsection (5), omit paragraph 10 of Schedule 2 to the Investigatory Powers Act 2016.

(7) The modification and amendments made by subsections (1) to (6) are to be treated as having always had effect.

(8) Subsections (9) and (10) apply where—

(a) before the day on which this Act is passed, a public authority imposed a requirement on a person under a power falling within subsection (2), and

(b) as a result of section 12(2) of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016 the public authority did not, ignoring this section, have the power to impose it.

(9) The requirement is to be treated as having been imposed on the day on which this Act is passed (and accordingly the period in which it must be complied with is to be treated as starting on that day) unless—

(a) the requirement was withdrawn by the public authority before that day, or

(b) the person complied with the requirement before that day.

(10) Where, before the day on which this Act is passed, the public authority imposed a penalty on the person for contravening the requirement—

(a) the penalty is of no effect, and

(b) if already paid, the authority is liable to repay it.

Final U.K.

353 Interpretation U.K.

In this Act the following abbreviations are references to the following Acts—

ALDA 1979	Alcoholic Liquor Duties Act 1979
CAA 2001	Capital Allowances Act 2001
CEMA 1979	Customs and Excise Management Act 1979
CTA 2009	Corporation Tax Act 2009
CTA 2010	Corporation Tax Act 2010
FA followed by a year	Finance Act of that year
F(No.2)A followed by a year	Finance (No.2) Act of that year
HODA 1979	Hydrocarbon Oil Duties Act 1979
ICTA	Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988
ITA 2007	Income Tax Act 2007
ITEPA 2003	Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003
ITTOIA 2005	Income Tax (Trading and Other Income) Act 2005
TCGA 1992	Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992
TCTA 2018	Taxation (Cross-border Trade) Act 2018
TIOPA 2010	Taxation (International and Other Provisions) Act 2010
TMA 1970	Taxes Management Act 1970
TPDA 1979	Tobacco Products Duty Act 1979
VATA 1994	Value Added Tax Act 1994
VERA 1994	Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994

354 Short title U.K.

This Act may be cited as the Finance (No. 2) Act 2023.