The Civil Procedure Rules 1998

[F1 PART 19 E+W PARTIES AND GROUP LITIGATION

Textual Amendments

F1 Pt. 19 substituted (2.5.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/221), rule 1(b), Sch. 2

Contents of this Part

[F2 TITLE	NUMBER
Parties – general	Rule 19.1
I  ADDITION AND SUBSTITUTION OF PARTIES
Change of parties – general	Rule 19.2
Provisions applicable where two or more persons are jointly entitled to a remedy	Rule 19.3
Procedure for adding and substituting parties	Rule 19.4
Human Rights	Rule 19.5
Special provisions about adding or substituting parties after the end of a relevant limitation period	Rule 19.6
Special rules about parties in claims for wrongful interference with goods	Rule 19.7
II REPRESENTATIVE PARTIES
Representative parties with same interest	Rule 19.8
Representation of interested persons who cannot be ascertained etc.	Rule 19.9
Representation of beneficiaries by trustees etc.	Rule 19.10
Postal Services Act 2000 (c.26)	Rule 19.11
Death	Rule 19.12
Power to make judgements binding on non-parties	Rule 19.13
Derivative claims – how started	Rule 19.14
Derivative claims under Chapter 1 of Part 11 of the Companies Act 2006 – application for permission	Rule 19.15
Derivative claims under Chapter 1 of Part 11 of the Companies Act 2006 – members of companies taking over claims by companies or other members	Rule 19.16
Derivative claims – other bodies corporate and trade unions	Rule 19.17
Derivative claims arising in the course of other proceedings	Rule 19.18
Derivative claims – costs	Rule 19.19
Derivative claims – discontinuance and settlement	Rule 19.20
III GROUP LITIGATION
Definition	Rule 19.21
Group Litigation Order	Rule 19.22
Effect of the GLO	Rule 19.23
Case management	Rule 19.24
Removal from the register	Rule 19.25
Test claims	Rule 19.26]

Textual Amendments

F2 Pt. 19 Table of Contents substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(1)

Parties—general E+W

19.1   Any number of claimants or defendants may be joined as parties to a claim.

I ADDITION AND SUBSTITUTION OF PARTIES E+W

Change of parties—general E+W

19.2— (1) This rule applies where a party is to be added or substituted except where the case falls within rule [F3 19.6] (special provisions about changing parties after the end of a relevant limitation period^(gl)).

(2) The court may order a person to be added as a new party if—

(a) it is desirable to add the new party so that the court can resolve all the matters in dispute in the proceedings; or

(b) there is an issue involving the new party and an existing party which is connected to the matters in dispute in the proceedings, and it is desirable to add the new party so that the court can resolve that issue.

(3) The court may order any person to cease to be a party if it is not desirable for that person to be party to the proceedings.

(4) The court may order a new party to be substituted for an existing one if—

(a) the existing party’s interest or liability has passed to the new party; F4 ...

(b) it is desirable to substitute the new party so that the court can resolve the matters in dispute in the proceedings.

Textual Amendments

F3 Word in rule 19.2(1) substituted (6.4.2024) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2024 (S.I. 2024/106), rules 1(1), 5

F4 Word in rule 19.4(a) omitted (6.4.2023) by virtue of The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(2)

Provisions applicable where two or more persons are jointly entitled to a remedy E+W

19.3— (1) [F5 All persons] jointly entitled to the remedy [F6 claimed by a claimant] must be parties unless the court orders otherwise.

(2) If any [F7 such] person does not agree to be a claimant, he must be made a defendant, unless the court orders otherwise.

(3) This rule does not apply in probate proceedings.

Textual Amendments

F5 Words in rule 19.3(1) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(3)(a)(i)

F6 Words in rule 19.3(1) inserted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(3)(a)(ii)

F7 Word in rule 19.3(2) inserted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(3)(b)

Procedure for adding and substituting parties E+W

19.4— (1) The court’s permission is required to remove, add or substitute a party, unless the claim form has not been served.

[F8 (2) An application for permission under paragraph (1)—

(a) may be made by—

(i) an existing party; or

(ii) a person who wishes to become a party; and

(b) must be—

(i) supported by evidence; and

(ii) made under Part 23.]

(3) An application for an order under rule 19.2(4) F9 ...—

(a) may be made without notice; and

(b) must be supported by evidence.

(4) Nobody may be added or substituted as a claimant unless—

(a) [F10 they have given their] consent in writing; and

(b) that [F11 consent, and the proposed amended claim form and particulars of claim, have] been filed with the court.

[F12 (5) If an order is made adding or substituting a person as a claimant prior to the filing of their consent—

(a) the order; and

(b) the addition or substitution of the new party as claimant,

shall not take effect until the signed, written consent of the new claimant is filed.

(6) The Commissioners for HM Revenue and Customs may, where a dispute between other parties may have tax consequences, be added as party to proceedings if they consent in writing.

(7) An order for the removal, addition or substitution of a party must be served on—

(a) all parties to the proceedings; and

(b) any other person affected by the order.

(8) When the court makes an order for the removal, addition or substitution of a party, it may give consequential directions.

(9) A new defendant does not become a party to the proceedings until the amended claim form has been served on them.

(10) A party applying to add a new party by amendment [F13 shall] be responsible for the costs of and arising from the amendment [F14 unless the court decides otherwise].

(11) The court may remove, add or substitute parties in existing proceedings on its own initiative.]

Textual Amendments

F8 Rule 19.4(2) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(4)(a)

F9 Words in rule 19.4(3) omitted (6.4.2023) by virtue of The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(4)(b)

F10 Words in rule 19.4(4)(a) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(4)(c)(i)

F11 Words in rule 19.4(4)(b) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(4)(c)(ii)

F12 Rule 19.4(5)-(11) substituted for rule 19.4(4A)-(6) (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(5)

F13 Word in rule 19.4(10) substituted (1.10.2023 immediately after S.I. 2023/572 comes into force) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/788), rules 1(1), 10(a)

F14 Words in rule 19.4(10) inserted (1.10.2023 immediately after S.I. 2023/572 comes into force) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/788), rules 1(1), 10(b)

Human Rights E+W

F15 19.4A   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E+W

Textual Amendments

F15 Rule 19.4A substituted and renumbered as rule 19.5 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(6)

[F16 Human Rights E+W

19.5 — (1) The court may not make a declaration of incompatibility in accordance with section 4 of the Human Rights Act 1998 unless 21 days’ notice, or such other period of notice as the court directs, has been given to the Crown by the claimant.

(2) Where a claim is made under section 9 of the Human Rights Act 1998 for damages in respect of a judicial act—

(a) that claim, including details of the judicial act, must be set out in the statement of case or the appeal notice; and

(b) notice must be given to the Crown.

(3) The court may at any time consider whether notice under paragraph (1) or (2) should be given to the Crown and give directions as to the content and service of such notice.

(4) A notice served on the Crown must be served on—

(a) the person named in the list published under section 17 of the Crown Proceedings Act 1947 (which is annexed to Practice Direction 66);

(b) Senedd Cymru, in the circumstances described in the National Assembly for Wales (Transfer of Functions) (No. 2) Order 2000;

(c) the Treasury Solicitor on behalf of the Lord Chancellor, in respect of a claim under section 9 of the Human Rights Act 1998, except where the judicial act is of a Court-Martial when service must be on the Treasury Solicitor on behalf of the Secretary of State for Defence;

(d) all parties.

(5) Where notice has been given to the Crown, a Minister or other person permitted by the Human Rights Act 1998 shall be joined as a party on notifying their consent to the court and all other parties.

(6) Where the Minister has, under section 5(2)(a) of the Human Rights Act 1998, nominated a person to be joined, the notice consenting to be joined must be accompanied by the written nomination.

(7) Where paragraph (2) applies and the appropriate person has not applied to be joined as a party within 21 days, or such other period as the court directs, after the notice is served, the court may join the appropriate person as a party.]

Textual Amendments

F16 Rule 19.4A substituted and renumbered as rule 19.5 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(6)

Special rules about parties in claims for wrongful interference with goods E+W

F17 19.5A   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F17 Rule 19.5A renumbered as rule 19.7 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(8)

Special provisions about adding or substituting parties after the end of a relevant limitation period E+W

[F18 19.6] — (1) This rule applies to a change of parties after the end of a period of limitation under—

(a) the Limitation Act 1980;

(b) the Foreign Limitation Periods Act 1984; [F19 or]

[F20 (c) any other enactment which allows such a change, or under which such a change is allowed.]

(2) The court may add or substitute a party only if—

(a) the relevant limitation period^(gl) was current when the proceedings were started; and

(b) the addition or substitution is necessary.

(3) The addition or substitution of a party is necessary only if the court is satisfied that—

(a) the new party is to be substituted for a party who was named in the claim form in mistake for the new party;

(b) the claim cannot properly be carried on by or against the original party unless the new party is added or substituted as claimant or defendant; or

(c) the original party has died or had a bankruptcy order made against [F21 them and their] interest or liability has passed to the new party.

(4) In addition, in a claim for personal injuries the court may add or substitute a party where it directs that—

(a) (i) section 11 (special time limit for claims for personal injuries); or

(ii) section 12 (special time limit for claims under fatal accidents legislation),

of the Limitation Act 1980 shall not apply to the claim by or against the new party; or

(b) the issue of whether those sections apply shall be determined at trial.

F22 ...

Textual Amendments

F18 Rule 19.5 renumbered as rule 19.6 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(7)

F19 Word in rule 19.5(1)(b) inserted (26.3.2001) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2001 (S.I. 2001/256), rules 1(a), 8(a)

F20 Rule 19.5(1)(c) substituted for rule 19.5(1)(c)(d) (26.3.2001) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2001 (S.I. 2001/256), rules 1(a), 8(b)

F21 Words in rule 19.6(3)(c) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(7)(a)

F22 Words in rule 19.6 omitted (6.4.2023) by virtue of The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(7)(b)

[F23 Special rules about parties in claims for wrongful interference with goods E+W

[F24 19.7] — (1) A claimant in a claim for wrongful interference with goods must, in the particulars of claim, state the name and address of every person who, to [F25 the claimant’s] knowledge, has or claims an interest in the goods and who is not a party to the claim.

(2) A defendant to a claim for wrongful interference with goods may apply for a direction that another person be made a party to the claim to establish whether the other person—

(a) has a better right to the goods than the claimant; or

(b) has a claim which might render the defendant doubly liable under section 7 of the Torts (Interference with Goods) Act 1977.

(3) Where the person referred to in paragraph (2) fails to attend the hearing of the application, or comply with any directions, the court may order that [F26 that person] is deprived of any claim against the defendant in respect of the goods.

• F27 ...

(4) The application notice must be served on all parties and on the person referred to in paragraph (2).]

Textual Amendments

F23 Rule 19.5A inserted (26.3.2001) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2001 (S.I. 2001/256), rules 1(a), 9

F24 Rule 19.5A renumbered as rule 19.7 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(8)

F25 Words in rule 19.7(1) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(8)(a)

F26 Words in rule 19.7(3) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(8)(b)

F27 Words in rule 19.7 omitted (6.4.2023) by virtue of The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(8)(c)

II REPRESENTATIVE PARTIES E+W

Representation of beneficiaries by trustees etc. E+W

F28 19.7A   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F28 Rule 19.7A renumbered as rule 19.10 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(11)

Postal Services Act 2000 (c. 26) E+W

F29 19.7B   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F29 Rule 19.7B substituted and renumbered as rule 19.11 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(12)

Representative parties with same interest E+W

[F30 19.8] — (1) Where more than one person has the same interest in a claim—

(a) the claim may be begun; or

(b) the court may order that the claim be continued,

by or against one or more of the persons who have the same interest as representatives of any other persons who have that interest.

(2) The court may direct that a person may not act as a representative.

(3) Any party may apply to the court for an order under paragraph (2).

(4) Unless the court otherwise directs any judgment or order given in a claim in which a party is acting as a representative under this rule—

(a) is binding on all persons represented in the claim; but

(b) may only be enforced by or against a person who is not a party to the claim with the permission of the court.

(5) This rule does not apply to a claim to which rule [F31 19.9] applies.

Textual Amendments

F30 Rule 19.6 renumbered as rule 19.8 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(9)

F31 Word in rule 19.8(5) substituted (6.4.2023) by virtue of The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(9)

Power to make judgments binding on non-parties E+W

F32 19.8A   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F32 Rule 19.8A renumbered as rule 19.13 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(14)

Representation of interested persons who cannot be ascertained etc. E+W

[F33 19.9]— (1) This rule applies to claims about—

(a) the estate of a deceased person;

(b) property subject to a trust; or

(c) the meaning of a document, including a statute.

(2) The court may make an order appointing a person to represent any other person or persons in the claim where the person or persons to be represented—

(a) are unborn;

(b) cannot be found;

(c) cannot easily be ascertained; or

(d) are a class of persons who have the same interest in a claim and—

(i) one or more members of that class are within sub-paragraphs (a), (b) or (c); or

(ii) to appoint a representative would further the overriding objective.

(3) An application for an order under paragraph (2)—

(a) may be made by—

(i) any person who seeks to be appointed under the order; or

(ii) any party to the claim; and

(b) may be made at any time before or after the claim has started.

(4) An application notice for an order under paragraph (2) must be served on—

(a) all parties to the claim, if the claim has started;

(b) the person sought to be appointed, if that person is not the applicant or a party to the claim; and

(c) any other person as directed by the court.

(5) The court’s approval is required to settle a claim in which a party is acting as a representative under this rule.

(6) The court may approve a settlement where it is satisfied that the settlement is for the benefit of all the represented persons.

(7) Unless the court otherwise directs, any judgment or order given in a claim in which a party is acting as a representative under this rule—

(a) is binding on all persons represented in the claim; but

(b) may only be enforced by or against a person who is not a party to the claim with the permission of the court.

Textual Amendments

F33 Rule 19.7 renumbered as rule 19.9 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(10)

Derivative claims under Chapter 1 of Part 11 of the Companies Act 2006 – application for permission E+W

F34 19.9A.   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F34 Rule 19.9A renumbered as rule 19.15 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(16)

Derivative claims under Chapter 1 of Part 11 of the Companies Act 2006 – members of companies taking over claims by companies or other members E+W

F35 19.9B.   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F35 Rule 19.9B renumbered as rule 19.16 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(17)

Derivative claims – other bodies corporate and trade unions E+W

F36 19.9C.   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F36 Rule 19.9C renumbered as rule 19.17 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(18)

Derivative claims arising in the course of other proceedings E+W

F37 19.9D.   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F37 Rule 19.9D renumbered as rule 19.18 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(19)

Derivative claims – costs E+W

F38 19.9E.   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F38 Rule 19.9E renumbered as rule 19.19 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(20)

Derivative claims – discontinuance and settlement E+W

F39 19.9F.   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F39 Rule 19.9F renumbered as rule 19.20 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(21)

[F40 Representation of beneficiaries by trustees etc. E+W

[F41 19.10]— (1) A claim may be brought by or against trustees, executors or administrators in that capacity without adding as parties any persons who have a beneficial interest in the trust or estate (“the beneficiaries”).

(2) Any judgment or order given or made in the claim is binding on the beneficiaries unless the court orders otherwise in the same or other proceedings.]

Textual Amendments

F40 Rule 19.7A inserted (2.12.2002) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2002 (S.I. 2002/2058), rules 1(b), 6(a)

F41 Rule 19.7A renumbered as rule 19.10 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(11)

[F42 Postal Services Act 2000 E+W

19.11    A copy of an application notice under section 92 of the Postal Services Act 2000 for permission to bring proceedings in the name of the sender or addressee of a postal packet or their personal representative must be served on the universal service provider and on the person in whose name the applicant seeks to bring the proceedings.]

Textual Amendments

F42 Rule 19.7B substituted and renumbered as rule 19.11 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(12)

Death E+W

[F43 19.12]— (1) Where a person who had an interest in a claim has died and that person has no personal representative the court may order—

(a) the claim to proceed in the absence of a person representing the estate of the deceased; or

(b) a person to be appointed to represent the estate of the deceased.

(2) Where a defendant against whom a claim could have been brought has died and—

(a) a grant of probate or administration has been made, the claim must be brought against the persons who are the personal representatives of the deceased;

(b) a grant of probate or administration has not been made—

(i) the claim must be brought against “the estate of” the deceased; and

(ii) the claimant must apply to the court for an order appointing a person to represent the estate of the deceased in the claim.

(3) A claim shall be treated as having been brought against “the estate of” the deceased in accordance with paragraph (2)(b)(i) where—

(a) the claim is brought against the “personal representatives” of the deceased but a grant of probate or administration has not been made; or

(b) the person against whom the claim was brought was dead when the claim was started.

(4) Before making an order under this rule, the court may direct notice of the application to be given to any other person with an interest in the claim.

(5) Where an order has been made under paragraphs (1) or (2)(b)(ii) any judgment or order made or given in the claim is binding on the estate of the deceased.

Textual Amendments

F43 Rule 19.8 renumbered as rule 19.12 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(13)

Power to make judgments binding on non-parties E+W

[F44 19.13] — (1) This rule applies to any claim relating to—

(a) the estate of a deceased person;

(b) property subject to a trust; or

(c) the sale of any property.

(2) The court may at any time direct that notice of—

(a) the claim; or

(b) any judgment or order given in the claim,

be served on any person who is not a party but who is or may be affected by it.

(3) An application under this rule—

(a) may be made without notice; and

(b) must be supported by written evidence which includes the reasons why the person to be served should be bound by the judgment in the claim.

(4) Unless the court orders otherwise—

(a) a notice of a claim or of a judgment or order under this rule must be—

(i) in the [F45 prescribed] form F46 ...;

(ii) issued by the court; and

(iii) accompanied by a form of acknowledgment of service with any necessary modifications;

(b) a notice of a claim must also be accompanied by—

(i) a copy of the claim form; and

(ii) such other statements of case, witness statements or affidavits as the court may direct; and

(c) a notice of a judgment or order must also be accompanied by a copy of the judgment or order.

(5) If a person served with notice of a claim files an acknowledgment of service of the notice within 14 days [F47 they] will become a party to the claim.

(6) If a person served with notice of a claim does not acknowledge service of the notice [F48 they] will be bound by any judgment given in the claim as if he were a party.

(7) If, after service of a notice of a claim on a person, the claim form is amended so as substantially to alter the remedy claimed, the court may direct that a judgment shall not bind that person unless a further notice, together with a copy of the amended claim form, is served on [F49 them].

(8) Any person served with a notice of a judgment or order under this rule—

(a) shall be bound by the judgment or order as if [F50 they] had been a party to the claim; but

(b) may, provided [F51 they] acknowledges service—

(i) within 28 days after the notice is served on [F52 them], apply to the court to set aside or vary the judgment or order; and

(ii) take part in any proceedings relating to the judgment or order.

(9) The following rules of Part 10 (acknowledgment of service) apply—

(a) rule 10.4; and

(b) rule 10.5, subject to the modification that references to the defendant are to be read as references to the person served with the notice.

(10) A notice under this rule is issued on the date entered on the notice by the court.

Textual Amendments

F44 Rule 19.8A renumbered as rule 19.13 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(14)

F45 Word in rule 19.13(4)(a)(i) inserted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(14)(a)(i)

F46 Words in rule 19.13(4)(a)(i) omitted (6.4.2023) by virtue of The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(14)(a)(ii)

F47 Word in rule 19.13(5) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(14)(b)

F48 Word in rule 19.13(6) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(14)(c)

F49 Word in rule 19.13(7) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(14)(d)

F50 Word in rule 19.13(8)(a) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(14)(e)(i)

F51 Word in rule 19.13(8)(b) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(14)(e)(ii)(aa)

F52 Word in rule 19.13(8)(b) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(14)(e)(ii)(bb)

[F53 Derivative claims– how started E+W

[F54 19.14]— (1) This rule—

(a) applies to a derivative claim (where a company, other body corporate or trade union is alleged to be entitled to claim a remedy, and a claim is made by a member of it for it to be given that remedy), whether under Chapter 1 of Part 11 of the Companies Act 2006 or otherwise; but

(b) does not apply to a claim made pursuant to an order under section [F55 996] of that Act.

(2) A derivative claim must be started by a claim form [F56 headed “Derivative Claim”].

(3) The company, body corporate or trade union for the benefit of which a remedy is sought must be made a defendant to the claim.

(4) After the issue of the claim form, the claimant must not take any further step in the proceedings without the permission of the court, other than—

(a) a step permitted or required by rule [F57 19.15 or 19.17]; or

(b) making an urgent application for interim relief.

Textual Amendments

F53 Rules 19.9-19.9F substituted for rule 19.9 (1.10.2007) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2007 (S.I. 2007/2204), rule 1, Sch. 1 (with rule 21)

F54 Rule 19.9 renumbered as rule 19.14 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(15)

F55 Word in rule 19.9(1)(b) substituted (6.4.2008) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No.2) Rules 2007 (S.I. 2007/3543), rules 1(b), 5(a)

F56 Words in rule 19.14(2) inserted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(15)(a)

F57 Words in rule 19.14(4)(a) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(15)(b)

Derivative claims under Chapter 1 of Part 11 of the Companies Act 2006 – application for permission E+W

[F58 19.15]— (1) In this rule—

• “the Act” means the Companies Act 2006;

• “derivative claim” means a derivative claim under Chapter 1 of Part 11 of the Act;

• “permission application” means an application referred to in section [F59 261(1)], 262(2) or 264(2) of the Act;

• “the company” means the company for the benefit of which the derivative claim is brought.

(2) When the claim form for a derivative claim is issued, the claimant must file—

(a) an application notice under Part 23 for permission to continue the claim; and

(b) the written evidence on which the claimant relies in support of the permission application.

(3) The claimant must not make the company a respondent to the permission application.

(4) Subject to paragraph (7), the claimant must notify the company of the claim and permission application by sending to the company as soon as reasonably practicable after the claim form is issued—

(a) a notice in the [F60 prescribed] form F61 ...;

(b) copies of the claim form and the particulars of claim;

(c) the application notice; and

(d) a copy of the evidence filed by the claimant in support of the permission application.

(5) The claimant may send the notice and documents required by paragraph (4) to the company by any method permitted by Part 6 as if the notice and documents were being served on the company.

(6) The claimant must file a witness statement confirming that the claimant has notified the company in accordance with paragraph (4).

(7) Where notifying the company of the permission application would be likely to frustrate some party of the remedy sought, the court may, on application by the claimant, order that the company need not be notified for such period after the issue of the claim form as the court directs.

[F62 (8) An application under paragraph (7)—

(a) may be made without notice; and

(b) must state in the application notice the reasons for the application and be filed with any written evidence in support.]

(9) Where the court dismisses the claimant’s permission application without a hearing, the court will notify the claimant and (unless the court orders otherwise) the company of that decision.

(10) The claimant may ask for an oral hearing to reconsider the decision to dismiss the permission application, but the claimant—

(a) must make the request to the court in writing within seven days of being notified of the decision; and

(b) must notify the company in writing, as soon as reasonably practicable, of that request unless the court orders otherwise.

(11) Where the court dismisses the permission application at a hearing pursuant to paragraph (10), it will notify the claimant and the company of its decision.

(12) Where the court does not dismiss the application under section 261(2) of the Act, the court will—

(a) order that the company and any other appropriate party must be made respondents to the permission application; and

(b) give directions for the service on the company and any other appropriate party of the application notice and the claim form.

Textual Amendments

F53 Rules 19.9-19.9F substituted for rule 19.9 (1.10.2007) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2007 (S.I. 2007/2204), rule 1, Sch. 1 (with rule 21)

F58 Rule 19.9A renumbered as rule 19.15 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(16)

F59 Word in rule 19.9A(1) substituted (6.4.2008) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No.2) Rules 2007 (S.I. 2007/3543), rules 1(b), 5(b)

F60 Word in rule 19.15(4)(a) inserted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(16)(a)(i)

F61 Words in rule 19.15(4)(a) omitted (6.4.2023) by virtue of The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(16)(a)(ii)

F62 Rule 19.15(8) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(16)(b)

Derivative claims under Chapter 1 of Part 11 of the Companies Act 2006 – members of companies taking over claims by companies or other members E+W

[F63 19.16.]— (1) This rule applies to proceedings under section 262(1) or 264(1) of the Companies Act 2006.

(2) The application for permission must be made by an application notice in accordance with Part 23.

(3) Rule [F64 19.15] (except for paragraphs (1), (2) and (4)(b) of that rule, and paragraph (12)(b) so far as it applies to the claim form) applies to an application under this rule and references to the claimant in rule [F64 19.15] are to be read as references to the person who seeks to take over the claim.

Textual Amendments

F53 Rules 19.9-19.9F substituted for rule 19.9 (1.10.2007) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2007 (S.I. 2007/2204), rule 1, Sch. 1 (with rule 21)

F63 Rule 19.9B renumbered as rule 19.16 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(17)

F64 Word in rule 19.16(3) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(17)

Derivative claims – other bodies corporate and trade unions E+W

[F65 19.17.]— (1) This rule sets out the procedure where—

(a) either—

(i) a body corporate to which Chapter 1 of Part 11 of the Companies Act 2006 does not apply; or

(ii) a trade union,

is alleged to be entitled to a remedy; and

(b) either—

(i) a claim is made by a member for it to be given that remedy; or

(ii) a member of the body corporate or trade union seeks to take over a claim already started, by the body corporate or trade union or one or more of its members, for it to be given that remedy.

(2) The member who starts, or seeks to take over, the claim must apply to the court for permission to continue the claim.

(3) The application for permission must be made by an application notice in accordance with Part 23.

(4) The procedure for applications in relation to companies under section 261, 262 or 264 (as the case requires) of the Companies Act 2006 applies to the permission application as if the body corporate or trade union were a company.

[F66 (5) Rules [F67 19.15] (except for paragraph (1) of that rule) and [F68 19.16] apply to the permission application as if the body corporate or trade union were a company.]

Textual Amendments

F53 Rules 19.9-19.9F substituted for rule 19.9 (1.10.2007) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2007 (S.I. 2007/2204), rule 1, Sch. 1 (with rule 21)

F65 Rule 19.9C renumbered as rule 19.17 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(18)

F66 Rule 19.9C(5) substituted (6.4.2008) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No.2) Rules 2007 (S.I. 2007/3543), rules 1(b), 5(c)

F67 Word in rule 19.17(5) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(18)(a)

F68 Word in rule 19.17(5) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(18)(b)

Derivative claims arising in the course of other proceedings E+W

[F69 19.18.]   If a derivative claim (except such a claim in pursuance of an order under section [F70 996] of the Companies Act 2006) arises in the course of other proceedings—

(a) in the case of a derivative claim under Chapter 1 of Part 11 of that Act, rule [F71 19.15 or 19.16] applies, as the case requires; and

(b) in any other case, rule [F72 19.17] applies.

Textual Amendments

F53 Rules 19.9-19.9F substituted for rule 19.9 (1.10.2007) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2007 (S.I. 2007/2204), rule 1, Sch. 1 (with rule 21)

F69 Rule 19.9D renumbered as rule 19.18 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(19)

F70 Word in rule 19.9D substituted (6.4.2008) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No.2) Rules 2007 (S.I. 2007/3543), rules 1(b), 5(d)

F71 Words in rule 19.18(a) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(19)(a)

F72 Word in rule 19.18(b) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(19)(b)

Derivative claims – costs E+W

[F73 19.19.]— [F74 (1)]  The court may order the company, body corporate or trade union for the benefit of which a derivative claim is brought to indemnify the claimant against liability for costs incurred in the permission application or in the derivative claim or both.

[F75 (2) If the claimant seeks an order that the defendant company or other body concerned indemnify the claimant against liability for costs incurred in the permission application or the claim, this should be stated in the permission application or claim form or both.]

Textual Amendments

F53 Rules 19.9-19.9F substituted for rule 19.9 (1.10.2007) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2007 (S.I. 2007/2204), rule 1, Sch. 1 (with rule 21)

F73 Rule 19.9E renumbered as rule 19.19 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(20)

F74 Rule 19.19 renumbered as rule 19.19(1) (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(20)(a)

F75 Rule 19.19(2) inserted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(20)(b)

Derivative claims – discontinuance and settlement E+W

[F76 19.20.]   Where the court has given permission to continue a derivative claim, the court may order that the claim may not be [F77 discontinued, settled or compromised] without the permission of the court.

Textual Amendments

F53 Rules 19.9-19.9F substituted for rule 19.9 (1.10.2007) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2007 (S.I. 2007/2204), rule 1, Sch. 1 (with rule 21)

F76 Rule 19.9F renumbered as rule 19.20 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(21)

F77 Words in rule 19.9F substituted (6.4.2008) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No.2) Rules 2007 (S.I. 2007/3543), rules 1(b), 5(e)

III GROUP LITIGATION E+W

Definition E+W

[F78 19.21.]   A Group Litigation Order (“GLO”) means an order made under rule [F79 19.22] to provide for the case management of claims which give rise to common or related issues of fact or law (the “GLO issues”).

Textual Amendments

F78 Rule 19.10 renumbered as rule 19.21 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(22)

F79 Word in rule 19.21 substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(22)

Group Litigation Order E+W

[F80 19.22.]— (1) The court may make a GLO where there are or are likely to be a number of claims giving rise to the GLO issues. [F81 The multiple parties may be claimants or defendants.]

([F82 Practice Direction 19B] provides the procedure for applying for a GLO [F83 where the multiple parties are claimants] )

(2) A GLO must—

(a) contain directions about the establishment of a register (the “group register”) on which the claims managed under the GLO will be entered;

(b) specify the GLO issues which will identify the claims to be managed as a group under the GLO; F84 ...

(c) specify the court (the “management court”) which will manage the claims on the group register[F85 ; and]

[F86 (d) be made in the King’s Bench Division with the consent of the President of the King’s Bench Division; in the Chancery Division with the consent of the Chancellor of the High Court; or in the County Court with the consent of the Head of Civil Justice. Such consent will be sought by the court to which the application for the GLO is made.]

(3) A GLO may—

(a) in relation to claims which raise one or more of the GLO issues—

(i) direct their transfer to the management court;

(ii) order their stay ^(gl) until further order; and

(iii) direct their entry on the group register;

(b) direct that from a specified date claims which raise one or more of the GLO issues should be started in the management court and entered on the group register; and

(c) give directions for publicising the GLO.

Textual Amendments

F80 Rule 19.11 renumbered as rule 19.22 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(23)

F81 Words in rule 19.22(1) inserted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(23)(a)

F82 Words in rule 19.11 substituted (6.4.2010) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No.2) Rules 2009 (S.I. 2009/3390), rules 1(2), 13(c)

F83 Words in rule 19.22 inserted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(23)(b)

F84 Word in rule 19.22(2)(b) omitted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(23)(c)(i)

F85 Word in rule 19.22(2)(c) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(23)(c)(ii)

F86 Rule 19.22(2)(d) inserted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(23)(c)(iii)

Effect of the GLO E+W

[F87 19.23.]— (1) Where a judgment or order is given or made in a claim on the group register in relation to one or more GLO issues—

(a) that judgment or order is binding on the parties to all other claims that are on the group register at the time the judgment is given or the order is made unless the court orders otherwise; and

(b) the court may give directions as to the extent to which that judgment or order is binding on the parties to any claim which is subsequently entered on the group register.

(2) Unless paragraph (3) applies, any party who is adversely affected by a judgment or order which is binding on [F88 them] may seek permission to appeal the order.

(3) A party to a claim which was entered on the group register after a judgment or order which is binding on [F89 them] was given or made may not—

(a) apply for the judgment or order to be set aside^(gl), varied or stayed^(gl); or

(b) appeal the judgment or order,

but may apply to the court for an order that the judgment or order is not binding on him.

(4) Unless the court orders otherwise, disclosure of any document relating to the GLO issues by a party to a claim on the group register is disclosure of that document to all parties to claims—

(a) on the group register; and

(b) which are subsequently entered on the group register.

Textual Amendments

F87 Rule 19.12 renumbered as rule 19.23 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(24)

F88 Word in rule 19.23(2) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(24)(a)

F89 Word in rule 19.23(3) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(24)(b)

Case management E+W

[F90 19.24.]   Directions given by the management court may include directions—

(a) varying the GLO issues;

(b) providing for one or more claims on the group register to proceed as test claims;

(c) appointing the solicitor of one or more parties to be the lead solicitor for the claimants or defendants;

(d) specifying the details to be included in a statement of case in order to show that the criteria for entry of the claim on the group register have been met;

(e) specifying a date after which no claim may be added to the group register unless the court gives permission; and

(f) for the entry of any particular claim which meets one or more of the GLO issues on the group register.

F91 ...

Textual Amendments

F90 Rule 19.13 renumbered as rule 19.24 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(25)

F91 Words in rule 19.24 omitted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(25)

Removal from the register E+W

[F92 19.25.]— (1) A party to a claim entered on the group register may apply to the management court for the claim to be removed from the register.

(2) If the management court orders the claim to be removed from the register it may give directions about the future management of the claim.

Textual Amendments

F92 Rule 19.14 renumbered as rule 19.25 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(26)

Test claims E+W

[F93 19.26.]— (1) Where a direction has been given for a claim on the group register to proceed as a test claim and that claim is settled, the management court may order that another claim on the group register be substituted as the test claim.

(2) Where an order is made under paragraph (1), any order made in the test claim before the date of substitution is binding [F94 in] the substituted claim unless the court orders otherwise.]]

Textual Amendments

F93 Rule 19.15 renumbered as rule 19.26 (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(27)

F94 Word in rule 19.26(2) substituted (6.4.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/105), rules 1(1), 12(27)