The Civil Procedure Rules 1998

PART 47 E+W PROCEDURE FOR DETAILED ASSESSMENT OF COSTS AND DEFAULT PROVISIONS

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1 Pt. 47 applied (with modifications) (1.4.2001) by The Court of Protection Rules 2001 (S.I. 2001/824), rules 1, 86 (with rule 91)

C2 Pt. 47 applied (with modifications) (7.10.2001) by The Railway Administration Order Rules 2001 (S.I. 2001/3352), rules 1.1, 6.21

Contents of this Part

I. GENERAL RULES ABOUT DETAILED ASSESSMENT
Time when detailed assessment may be carried out	Rule 47.1
No stay of detailed assessment where there is an appeal	Rule 47.2
Powers of an authorised court officer	Rule 47.3
Venue for detailed assessment proceedings	Rule 47.4
II. COSTS PAYABLE BY ONE PARTY TO ANOTHER—COMMENCEMENT OF DETAILED ASSESSMENT PROCEEDINGS
Application of this section	Rule 47.5
Commencement of detailed assessment proceedings	Rule 47.6
Period for commencing detailed assessment proceedings	Rule 47.7
Sanction for delay in commencing detailed assessment proceedings	Rule 47.8
Points of dispute and consequence of not serving	Rule 47.9
Procedure where costs are agreed	Rule 47.10
III COSTS PAYABLE BY ONE PARTY TO ANOTHER—DEFAULT PROVISIONS
Default costs certificate	Rule 47.11
Setting aside default costs certificate	Rule 47.12
IV COSTS PAYABLE BY ONE PARTY TO ANOTHER—PROCEDURE WHERE POINTS OF DISPUTE ARE SERVED
Optional reply	Rule 47.13
Detailed assessment hearing	Rule 47.14
V INTERIM COSTS CERTIFICATE AND FINAL COSTS CERTIFICATE
Power to issue an interim certificate	Rule 47.15
Final costs certificate	Rule 47.16
[F1 VI DETAILED ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE FOR COSTS OF A LSC FUNDED CLIENT OR AN ASSISTED PERSON WHERE COSTS ARE PAYABLE OUT OF THE COMMUNITY LEGAL SERVICE FUND]
Detailed assessment procedure for costs of an assisted person where costs are payable out of the legal aid fund	Rule 47.17
[F2 Detailed assessment procedure where costs are payable out of a fund other than the Community Legal Service Fund	Rule 47.17A]
VII COSTS OF DETAILED ASSESSMENT PROCEEDINGS
Liability for costs of detailed assessment proceedings	Rule 47.18
Offers to settle without prejudice save as to costs of the detailed assessment proceedings	Rule 47.19
[F3 VIII. APPEALS FROM AUTHORISED COURT OFFICERS IN DETAILED ASSESSMENT PROCEEDINGS
Right to appeal	Rule 47.20
Court to hear appeal	Rule 47.21
Appeal procedure	Rule 47.22
Powers of the court on appeal	Rule 47.23]

Textual Amendments

F1 Words in Pt. 47 Table of Contents substituted (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 22(a) (with rule 39)

F2 Words in Pt. 47 Table of Contents inserted (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 22(b) (with rule 39)

F3 Words in Pt. 47 Table of Contents substituted (2.5.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 2) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/940), rule 1, Sch. Pt. 1

(The definitions contained in Part 43 are relevant to this Part)

SECTION I—GENERAL RULES ABOUT DETAILED ASSESSMENT E+W

Time when detailed assessment may be carried out E+W

47.1  The general rule is that the costs of any proceedings or any part of the proceedings are not to be assessed by the detailed procedure until the conclusion of the proceedings but the court may order them to be assessed immediately.

(The costs practice direction gives further guidance about when proceedings are concluded for the purpose of this rule)

Commencement Information

I1 Rule 47.1 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

No stay of detailed assessment where there is an appeal E+W

47.2  Detailed assessment is not stayed pending an appeal unless the court so orders.

Commencement Information

I2 Rule 47.2 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

Powers of an authorised court officer E+W

47.3—(1) An authorised court officer has all the powers of the court when making a detailed assessment, except—

(a) power to make a wasted costs order as defined in rule 48.7;

(b) power to make an order under—

(i) rule 44.14 (powers in relation to misconduct);

(ii) rule 47.8 (sanction for delay in commencing detailed assessment proceedings);

(iii) paragraph (2) (objection to detailed assessment by authorised court officer); and

(c) power to make a detailed assessment of costs payable to a solicitor by his client, unless the costs are being assessed under rule 48.5 (costs where money is payable to a child or patient).

(2) Where a party objects to the detailed assessment of costs being made by an authorised court officer, the court may order it to be made by a costs judge or a district judge.

(The costs practice direction sets out the relevant procedure)

Commencement Information

I3 Rule 47.3 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

Venue for detailed assessment proceedings E+W

47.4—(1) All applications and requests in detailed assessment proceedings must be made to or filed at the appropriate office.

(The costs practice direction sets out the meaning of “appropriate office” in any particular case)

(2) The court may direct that the appropriate office is to be the Supreme Court Costs Office.

(3) A county court may direct that another county court is to be the appropriate office.

(4) A direction under paragraph (3) may be made without proceedings being transferred to that court.

(Rule 30.2 makes provision for any county court to transfer the proceedings to another county court for detailed assessment of costs)

Commencement Information

I4 Rule 47.4 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

SECTION II—COSTS PAYABLE BY ONE PARTY TO ANOTHER—COMMENCE MENT OF DETAILED ASSESSMENT PROCEEDINGS E+W

Application of this Section E+W

47.5  This section of Part 47 applies where a costs officer is to make a detailed assessment of costs which are payable by one party to another.

Commencement Information

I5 Rule 47.5 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

Commencement of detailed assessment proceedings E+W

47.6—(1) Detailed assessment proceedings are commenced by the receiving party serving on the paying party—

(a) notice of commencement in the relevant practice form; and

(b) a copy of the bill of costs.

(Rule 47.7 sets out the period for commencing detailed assessment proceedings)

(2) The receiving party must also serve a copy of the notice of commencement and the bill on any other relevant persons specified in the costs practice direction.

(3) A person on whom a copy of the notice of commencement is served under paragraph (2) is a party to the detailed assessment proceedings (in addition to the paying party and the receiving party).

(The costs practice direction deals with—

• other documents which the party must file when he requests detailed assessment;

• the court’s powers where it considers that a hearing may be necessary;

• the form of a bill; and

• the length of notice which will be given if a hearing date is fixed)

Commencement Information

I6 Rule 47.6 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

Period for commencing detailed assessment proceedings E+W

47.7  The following table shows the period for commencing detailed assessment proceedings.

Source of right to detailed assessment	Time by which detailed assessment proceedings must be commenced
Judgment, direction, order, award or other determination	3 months after the date of the judgment etc. Where detailed assessment is stayed pending an appeal, 3 months after the date of the order lifting the stay.
Discontinuance under Part 38	3 months after the date of service of notice of discontinuance under rule 38.3; or 3 months after the date of the dismissal of application to set the notice of discontinuance aside under rule 38.4
Acceptance of an offer to settle or a payment into court under Part 36	3 months after the date when the right to costs arose.

Commencement Information

I7 Rule 47.7 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

Sanction for delay in commencing detailed assessment proceedings E+W

47.8—(1) Where the receiving party fails to commence detailed assessment proceedings within the period specified—

(a) in rule 47.7; or

(b) by any direction of the court,

the paying party may apply for an order requiring the receiving party to commence detailed assessment proceedings within such time as the court may specify.

(2) On an application under paragraph (1), the court may direct that, unless the receiving party commences detailed assessment proceedings within the time specified by the court, all or part of the costs to which the receiving party would otherwise be entitled will be disallowed.

(3) If—

(a) the paying party has not made an application in accordance with paragraph (1); and

(b) the receiving party commences the proceedings later than the period specified in rule 47.7,

the court may disallow all or part of the interest otherwise payable to the receiving party under—

(i) section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838(1); or

(ii) section 74 of the County Courts Act 1984(2),

• but must not impose any other sanction except in accordance with rule 44.14 (powers in relation to misconduct).

(4) Where the costs to be assessed in a detailed assessment are payable out of the [F4 Community Legal Service Fund], this rule applies as if the receiving party were the solicitor to whom the costs are payable and the paying party were the [F5 Legal Services Commission].

Textual Amendments

F4 Words in rule 47.8(4) substituted (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 23(a) (with rule 39)

F5 Words in rule 47.8(4) substituted (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 23(b) (with rule 39)

Commencement Information

I8 Rule 47.8 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

Points of dispute and consequence of not serving E+W

47.9—(1) The paying party and any other party to the detailed assessment proceedings may dispute any item in the bill of costs by serving points of dispute on—

(a) the receiving party; and

(b) every other party to the detailed assessment proceedings.

(2) The period for serving points of dispute is 21 days after the date of service of the notice of commencement.

(3) If a party serves points of dispute after the period set out in paragraph (2), he may not be heard further in the detailed assessment proceedings unless the court gives permission.

(The costs practice direction sets out requirements about the form of points of dispute)

(4) The receiving party may file a request for a default costs certificate if—

(a) the period set out in rule 47.9(2) for serving points of dispute has expired; and

(b) he has not been served with any points of dispute.

(5) If any party (including the paying party) serves points of dispute before the issue of a default costs certificate the court may not issue the default costs certificate.

(Section IV of this Part sets out the procedure to be followed after points of dispute have been filed)

Commencement Information

I9 Rule 47.9 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

Procedure where costs are agreed E+W

47.10—(1) If the paying party and the receiving party agree the amount of costs, either party may apply for a costs certificate (either interim or final) in the amount agreed.

(Rule 47.15 and Rule 47.16 contain further provisions about interim and final costs certificates respectively)

[F6 (2) An application for a certificate under paragraph (1) must be made to the court which would be the venue for detailed assessment proceedings under rule 47.4.]

Textual Amendments

F6 Rule 47.10(2) substituted (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 24 (with rule 39)

Commencement Information

I10 Rule 47.10 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

SECTION III—COSTS PAYABLE BY ONE PARTY TO ANOTHER—DEFAULT PROVISIONS E+W

Default costs certificate E+W

47.11—(1) Where the receiving party is permitted by rule 47.9 to obtain a default costs certificate, he does so by filing a request in the relevant practice form.

(The costs practice direction deals with the procedure by which the receiving party may obtain a default costs certificate)

(2) A default costs certificate will include an order to pay the costs to which it relates.

[F7 (3) Where a receiving party obtains a default costs certificate, the costs payable to him for the commencement of detailed assessment proceedings shall be the sum set out in the costs practice direction.]

Textual Amendments

F7 Rule 47.11(3) inserted (26.4.1999) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 1999 (S.I. 1999/1008), rules 1, 18

Commencement Information

I11 Rule 47.11 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

Setting aside default costs certificate E+W

47.12—(1) The court must set aside a default costs certificate if the receiving party was not entitled to it.

(2) In any other case, the court may set aside or vary a default costs certificate if it appears to the court that there is some good reason why the detailed assessment proceedings should continue.

(3) Where—

(a) the receiving party has purported to serve the notice of commencement on the paying party;

(b) a default costs certificate has been issued; and

(c) the receiving party subsequently discovers that the notice of commencement did not reach the paying party at least 21 days before the default costs certificate was issued,

the receiving party must—

(i) file a request for the default costs certificate to be set aside; or

(ii) apply to the court for directions.

(4) Where paragraph (3) applies, the receiving party may take no further step in

(a) the detailed assessment proceedings; or

(b) the enforcement of the default costs certificate,

until the certificate has been set aside or the court has given directions.

(The costs practice direction contains further details about the procedure for setting aside a default costs certificate and the matters which the court must take into account)

Commencement Information

I12 Rule 47.12 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

SECTION IV—COSTS PAYABLE BY ONE PARTY TO ANOTHER—PROCEDURE WHERE POINTS OF 7DISPUTE ARE SERVED E+W

Optional reply E+W

47.13—(1) Where any party to the detailed assessment proceedings serves points of dispute, the receiving party may serve a reply on the other parties to the assessment proceedings.

(2) He may do so within 21 days after service on him of the points of dispute to which his reply relates.

[F8 (The costs practice direction sets out the meaning of reply)]

Textual Amendments

F8 Words in rule 47.13 inserted (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 25 (with rule 39)

Commencement Information

I13 Rule 47.13 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

Detailed assessment hearing E+W

47.14—(1) Where points of dispute are served in accordance with this Part, the receiving party must file a request for a detailed assessment hearing.

(2) He must file the request within 3 months of the expiry of the period for commencing detailed assessment proceedings as specified—

(a) in rule 47.7; or

(b) by any direction of the court.

(3) Where the receiving party fails to file a request in accordance with paragraph (2), the paying party may apply for an order requiring the receiving party to file the request within such time as the court may specify.

(4) On an application under paragraph (3), the court may direct that, unless the receiving party requests a detailed assessment hearing within the time specified by the court, all or part of the costs to which the receiving party would otherwise be entitled will be disallowed.

(5) If—

(a) the paying party has not made an application in accordance with paragraph (3); and

(b) the receiving party [F9 files a request for a detailed assessment hearing] later than the period specified in paragraph (2),

the court may disallow all or part of the interest otherwise payable to the receiving party under—

(i) section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838(3); or

(ii) section 74 of the County Courts Act 1984(4),

but must not impose any other sanction except in accordance with rule 44.14 (powers in relation to misconduct).

(6) No person other than—

(a) the receiving party;

(b) the paying party; and

(c) any party who has served points of dispute under rule 47.9,

may be heard at the detailed assessment hearing unless the court gives permission.

(7) Only items specified in the points of dispute may be raised at the hearing, unless the court gives permission.

(The costs practice direction specifies other documents which must be filed with the request for hearing and the length of notice which the court will give when it fixes a hearing date)

Textual Amendments

F9 Words in rule 47.14(5)(b) substituted (26.4.1999) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 1999 (S.I. 1999/1008), rules 1, 19

Commencement Information

I14 Rule 47.14 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

SECTION V—INTERIM COSTS CERTIFICATE AND FINAL COSTS CERTIFICATE E+W

Power to issue an interim certificate E+W

47.15—(1) The court may at any time after the receiving party has filed a request for a detailed assessment hearing—

(a) issue an interim costs certificate for such sum as it considers appropriate;

(b) amend or cancel an interim certificate.

(2) An interim certificate will include an order to pay the costs to which it relates, unless the court orders otherwise.

(3) The court may order the costs certified in an interim certificate to be paid into court.

Commencement Information

I15 Rule 47.15 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

Final costs certificate E+W

47.16—(1) In this rule a completed bill means a bill F10 ... calculated to show the amount due following the detailed assessment of the costs.

(2) The period for filing the completed bill is 14 days after the end of the detailed assessment hearing.

(3) When a completed bill is filed the court will issue a final costs certificate and serve it on the parties to the detailed assessment proceedings.

(4) Paragraph (3) is subject to any order made by the court that a certificate is not to be issued until other costs have been paid.

(5) A final costs certificate will include an order to pay the costs to which it relates, unless the court orders otherwise.

(The costs practice direction deals with the form of a final costs certificate)

Textual Amendments

F10 Words in rule 47.16(1) omitted (26.4.1999) by virtue of The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 1999 (S.I. 1999/1008), rules 1, 20

Commencement Information

I16 Rule 47.16 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

[F11 SECTION VI—DETAILED ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE FOR COSTS OF A LSC FUNDED CLIENT OR AN ASSISTED PERSON WHERE COSTS ARE PAYABLE OUT OF THE COMMUNITY LEGAL SERVICE FUND] E+W

Textual Amendments

F11 Pt. 47 Section 6 heading substituted (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 26 (with rule 39)

Detailed assessment procedure for costs of [F12 a LSC funded client or] an assisted person where costs are payable out of the [F13 Community Legal Service Fund] E+W

47.17—(1) Where the court is to assess costs of [F14 a LSC funded client or] an assisted person which are payable out of the [F13 Community Legal Service Fund], [F15 that person's] solicitor may commence detailed assessment proceedings by filing a request in the relevant practice form.

(2) A request under paragraph (1) must be filed within 3 months after the date when the right to detailed assessment arose.

(3) The solicitor must also serve a copy of the request for detailed assessment on [F16 the LSC funded client or] the assisted person, if notice of [F15 that person's] interest has been given to the court in accordance with [F17 community legal service or] legal aid regulations.

(4) Where the solicitor has certified that [F18 the LSC funded client or] the assisted person wishes to attend an assessment hearing, the court will, on receipt of the request for assessment, fix a date for the assessment hearing.

(5) Where paragraph (3) does not apply, the court will, on receipt of the request for assessment provisionally assess the costs without the attendance of the solicitor, unless it considers that a hearing is necessary.

(6) After the court has provisionally assessed the bill, it will return the bill to the solicitor.

(7) The court will fix a date for an assessment hearing if the solicitor informs the court, within 14 days after he receives the provisionally assessed bill, that he wants the court to hold such a hearing.

Textual Amendments

F12 Words in rule 47.17 heading inserted (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 27(b) (with rule 39)

F13 Words in rule 47.17 substituted (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 27(a)(i) (with rule 39)

F14 Words in rule 47.17(1) inserted (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 27(c) (with rule 39)

F15 Words in rule 47.17 substituted (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 27(a)(ii) (with rule 39)

F16 Words in rule 47.17(3) inserted (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 27(d) (with rule 39)

F17 Words in rule 47.17(3) inserted (2.10.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 4) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/2092), rules 1, 19

F18 Words in rule 47.17(4) inserted (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 27(e) (with rule 39)

Commencement Information

I17 Rule 47.17 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

[F19 Detailed assessment procedure where costs are payable out of a fund other than the Community Legal Service Fund E+W

47.17A— (1) Where the court is to assess costs which are payable out of a fund other than the Community Legal Service Fund, the receiving party may commence detailed assessment proceedings by filing a request in the relevant practice form.

(2) A request under paragraph (1) must be filed within 3 months after the date when the right to detailed assessment arose.

(3) The court may direct that the party seeking assessment serve a copy of the request on any person who has a financial interest in the outcome of the assessment.

(4) The court will, on receipt of the request for assessment, provisionally assess the costs without the attendance of the receiving party, unless it considers that a hearing is necessary.

(5) After the court has provisionally assessed the bill, it will return the bill to the receiving party.

(6) The court will fix a date for an assessment hearing if the party informs the court, within 14 days after he receives the provisionally assessed bill, that he wants the court to hold such a hearing.]

Textual Amendments

F19 Rule 47.17A inserted (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 28 (with rule 39)

SECTION VII—COSTS OF DETAILED ASSESSMENT PROCEEDINGS E+W

Liability for costs of detailed assessment proceedings E+W

47.18—(1) The receiving party is entitled to his costs of the detailed assessment proceedings except where—

(a) the provisions of any Act, any of these Rules or any relevant practice direction provide otherwise; or

(b) the court makes some other order in relation to all or part of the costs of the detailed assessment proceedings.

(2) In deciding whether to make some other order, the court must have regard to all the circumstances, including—

(a) the conduct of all the parties;

(b) the amount, if any, by which the bill of costs has been reduced; and

(c) whether it was reasonable for a party to claim the costs of a particular item or to dispute that item.

Commencement Information

I18 Rule 47.18 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

Offers to settle without prejudice save as to costs of the detailed assessment proceedings E+W

47.19—(1) Where—

(a) a party (whether the paying party or the receiving party) makes a written offer to settle the costs of the proceedings which gave rise to the assessment proceedings; and

(b) the offer is expressed to be without prejudice^(GL) save as to the costs of the detailed assessment proceedings,

the court will take the offer into account in deciding who should pay the costs of those proceedings.

(2) The fact of the offer must not be communicated to the costs officer until the question of costs of the detailed assessment proceedings falls to be decided.

(The costs practice direction provides that rule 47.19 does not apply where the receiving party is [F20 a LSC funded client or] an assisted person)

Textual Amendments

F20 Words in rule 47.19 inserted (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 29 (with rule 39)

Commencement Information

I19 Rule 47.19 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

[F21 SECTION VIII—APPEALS FROM AUTHORISED COURT OFFICERS IN DETAILED ASSESSMENT PROCEEDINGS E+W

Textual Amendments

F21 Pt. 47 Section 8 substituted (2.5.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 2) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/940), rule 1, Sch. Pt. 2

Right to appeal E+W

47.20— [F22 (1)] Any party to detailed assessment proceedings may appeal against a decision of an authorised court officer in those proceedings.

(Part 52 sets out general rules about appeals)

[F23 (2) For the purposes of this Section, a LSC funded client or an assisted person is not a party to detailed assessment proceedings.]

Textual Amendments

F22 Words in 4 rule 47.20 renumbered as rule 47.20(1) (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 30(a) (with rule 39)

F23 Rule 47.20(2) inserted (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 30(b) (with rule 39)

Court to hear appeal E+W

47.21   An appeal against a decision of an authorised court officer is to a costs judge or a district judge of the High Court.

Appeal procedure E+W

47.22— (1) The appellant must file an appeal notice within 14 days after the date of the decision he wishes to appeal against.

(2) On receipt of the appeal notice, the court will—

(a) serve a copy of the notice on the parties to the detailed assessment proceedings; and

(b) give notice of the appeal [F24 hearing] to those parties.

Textual Amendments

F24 Word in rule 47.22(2)(b) inserted (3.7.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/1317), rules 1, 31 (with rule 39)

Powers of the court on appeal E+W

47.23   On an appeal from an authorised court officer the court will—

(a) re-hear the proceedings which gave rise to the decision appealed against; and

(b) make any order and give any directions as it considers appropriate.]

(1)

1838 c. 110. Section 17 was amended by S.I. 1998/2940.

(2)

1984 c. 28. Section 74 was amended by section 2 of the Private International Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1995 (c. 42).

(3)

1838 c. 110. Section 17 was amended by S.I. 1998/2940.

(4)

1984 c. 28. Section 74 was amended by section 2 of the Private International Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1995 (c. 42).