PART 12Conduct of hearings
Hearings conducted as directed by the court
12.1. Subject to the provisions of this Part and the overriding objective, hearings are to be conducted as directed by the court.
Evidence given orally
12.2.—(1) Where a witness is to give evidence at a hearing, subject to rule 12.3, the witness’s evidence must be given orally under oath or solemn affirmation.
(2) Where—
(a)a witness statement has been served in accordance with rule 11.4,
(b)an expert report has been served in accordance with rule 11.5, or
(c)the court has allowed an application to give evidence under any of rules 13.1 to 13.3 (which require such applications to be accompanied by a witness statement),
the witness statement or report is to stand as the evidence in chief of the witness unless the court directs otherwise.
(3) A witness who gives oral evidence at a hearing may be cross-examined by any party to the proceedings (subject to any direction given under 11.2(2)(f) and to paragraph (4) of this rule).
(4) The court may limit cross-examination.
Other means of giving evidence
12.3.—(1) The court may direct—
(a)that all or any part of a witness’s evidence is to be given—
(i)before an examiner appointed by the court; or
(ii)by affidavit;
(b)that a witness statement or a report (in the case of an expert witness) is to be received in evidence without the attendance of the maker of the statement or report.
(2) If the court makes a direction under paragraph (1)(b) a direction must also be given requiring the witness statement or report to be served on the registrar and the parties not less than 21 days before the date of the hearing
(3) Where, following a direction under paragraph (1)(b), a witness statement or report is served in accordance with paragraph (2), the court may direct that, notwithstanding that direction, the maker of the witness statement or report attend the hearing for cross-examination.
(4) If the court makes a direction under paragraph (3) but the maker of the witness statement or report does not attend the hearing, the witness statement or report is not to be admitted in evidence unless the court considers that there are exceptional circumstances to justify its being admitted.