The Air Navigation (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) Order 2021

PART 3 U.K. Monitoring, reporting and verification (“MRV”) of aeroplane operator annual CO₂ emissions

CHAPTER 1 U.K. General

Applicability of MRV requirements U.K.

21.—(1) The requirements of this Part apply to an aeroplane operator that produces annual CO₂ emissions greater than 10,000 tonnes from the use of one or more aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass greater than 5,700 kg conducting international flights.

(2) The requirements of this Part apply to a new entrant aeroplane operator from the year after it meets the requirements in paragraph (1).

Commencement Information

I1 Art. 21 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

CHAPTER 2 U.K. Monitoring of aeroplane operator annual CO₂ emissions

Monitoring of CO₂ emissions: Eligibility of monitoring methods U.K.

22.—(1) An aeroplane operator must monitor and record its fuel use from international flights in accordance with an eligible monitoring method set out in paragraphs (3) to (6) for the 2019-2020 period and paragraphs (7) to (12) for the 2021-2035 period, and approved by the Regulator.

(2) Following approval and issue of its Emissions Monitoring Plan in accordance with article 24, an aeroplane operator must use the same eligible monitoring method for the entire compliance period(1).

2019-2020 period

(3) Where an aeroplane operator has, prior to this Order coming into force, accumulated any fuel use during the period of 2019-2020 pursuant to article 3 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1603(2), that fuel use data must be used for the purpose of this Order.

(4) An aeroplane operator with annual CO₂ emissions from international flights greater than or equal to 500,000 tonnes must use a Fuel Use Monitoring Method set out in Schedule 2.

(5) An aeroplane operator with annual CO₂ emissions from international flights of less than 500,000 tonnes must use either a Fuel Use Monitoring Method or the CERT set out in Schedules 2 and 3, respectively.

(6) If the aeroplane operator’s annual CO₂ emissions from international flights increases above the threshold of 500,000 tonnes in 2019, the Regulator may permit the aeroplane operator to continue to apply the monitoring method chosen in accordance with paragraph (5) for this period.

2021-2035 period

(7) An aeroplane operator, with annual CO₂ emissions from international flights between State Pairs defined in the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs”(3) of greater than or equal to 50,000 tonnes, must use a Fuel Use Monitoring Method as described in Schedule 2 for these flights. For other international flights, the aeroplane operator must use either a Fuel Use Monitoring Method, as described in Schedule 2, or the CERT, as described in Schedule 3.

(8) An aeroplane operator, with annual CO₂ emissions from international flights between State Pairs defined in the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” of less than 50,000 tonnes, must use either a Fuel Use Monitoring Method or the CERT as described in Schedules 2 and 3, respectively.

(9) If an aeroplane operator’s annual CO₂ emissions from international flights between State Pairs defined in the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs”, increases above the threshold of 50,000 tonnes in a given year (y), and also in year (y+1)(4), the aeroplane operator must—

(a) submit an updated Emissions Monitoring Plan by 30th September of year (y + 2)(5), and

(b) change to a Fuel Use Monitoring Method, as set out in Schedule 2, on 1st January of year (y + 3)(6).

(10) If an aeroplane operator’s annual CO₂ emissions from international flights between State Pairs defined in the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” decreases below the threshold of 50,000 tonnes in a given year (y), and also in year (y + 1), the aeroplane operator may change monitoring method on 1st January of year (y + 3).

(11) Where an aeroplane operator chooses to change its monitoring method under paragraph (10)(7), it must submit an updated Emissions Monitoring Plan by 30th September of year (y + 2).

(12) Where the aeroplane operator has, prior to this Order coming into force, accumulated any fuel use during 2021 pursuant to article 3 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1603 in conjunction with article 24 of the UK ETS Order, that fuel use data must be used for the purpose of this Order

Commencement Information

I2 Art. 22 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

Emissions Monitoring Plan U.K.

23.—(1) An aeroplane operator must submit an Emissions Monitoring Plan to the Regulator for approval by the Regulator. The Emissions Monitoring Plan must contain the information set out in Schedule 4.

(2) Where an aeroplane operator has, prior to this Order coming into force, established an approved Emissions Monitoring Plan pursuant to article 3 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1603(8), a Regulator must, before 30th June 2021, approve and issue an Emissions Monitoring Plan to that aeroplane operator in the same terms, subject to any variation required to comply with this Order.

(3) A new entrant aeroplane operator must submit an Emissions Monitoring Plan to the Regulator for approval and issue within 3 months of falling within the scope of applicability set out in article 21. The Emissions Monitoring Plan must contain the information specified in Schedule 4.

Commencement Information

I3 Art. 23 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

Issue of Emissions Monitoring Plans U.K.

24.—(1) If an aeroplane operator submits an Emissions Monitoring Plan for approval by the Regulator in accordance with article 23, a Regulator must approve and issue the Emissions Monitoring Plan unless—

(a) the Regulator is not satisfied that the application complies with the requirements of this Order; and

(b) the aeroplane operator has not agreed to amendments of the application required to satisfy the Regulator that the application does so comply.

(2) An Emissions Monitoring Plan issued under paragraph (1) replaces any Emissions Monitoring Plan previously issued to the aeroplane operator.

(3) An Emissions monitoring Plan may contain any conditions the Regulator considers necessary to give proper effect to the requirements of this Order.

(4) An aeroplane operator must comply with any condition included in its Emissions Monitoring Plan.

Commencement Information

I4 Art. 24 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

Refusal of application for Emissions Monitoring Plans U.K.

25.—(1) If a Regulator refuses an application for an Emissions Monitoring Plan, the Regulator must give notice to the applicant.

(2) A notice under paragraph (1) must state—

(a) the reasons for the decision; and

(b) if amendments of the application are required in order for an Emissions Monitoring Plan to be issued, the nature of those amendments.

(3) An aeroplane operator who is given a notice under paragraph (1) must make a revised application to the Regulator before the end of the period of 31 days beginning with the day that the notice was given.

(4) Article 24 and this article apply to a revised application under paragraph (3) as they apply to the original application, but for the purposes of such a revised application, the references to the period of 2 months in article 19 are to be read as references to a period of 24 days.

Commencement Information

I5 Art. 25 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

Modification of the Emissions Monitoring Plan U.K.

26.—(1) An aeroplane operator must notify the Regulator of any proposals for modification of its Emissions Monitoring Plan.

(2) The aeroplane operator must resubmit the Emissions Monitoring Plan to the Regulator for approval if a material change is made to the information contained within the Emissions Monitoring Plan.

(3) A material change is a change to the information presented in the Emissions Monitoring Plan that would—

(a) affect the status or eligibility of the aeroplane operator for an option under the emissions monitoring requirements, or

(b) otherwise affect the decision by the Regulator with regard to whether the aeroplane operator’s approach to monitoring conforms with the requirements.

(4) The aeroplane operator must also resubmit the Emissions Monitoring Plan in the event of a change to the information presented in the plan that—

(a) arises from a change in the availability of data, due to the use of new types of measuring instrument, sampling methods or analysis methods, or for other reasons, which leads to higher accuracy in the determination of emissions,

(b) has been found to be incorrect under the data monitoring methodology applied previously,

(c) would improve the accuracy of the reported data, unless this is technically not feasible or incurs unreasonable costs, or

(d) is necessary to respond to the suggestions for improvement of the monitoring plan contained in a verification report.

(5) An aeroplane operator must also inform the Regulator of changes that would affect the Regulator’s oversight, such as a change in corporate name or address, even if the changes do not fall within the definition of a material change(9).

Commencement Information

I6 Art. 26 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

Approval of modification of the Emissions Monitoring Plan U.K.

27.—(1) A Regulator may allow an aeroplane operator to notify modifications of the Emissions Monitoring Plan that are not significant.

(2) Any significant modification of the Emissions Monitoring Plan must be subject to approval by a Regulator.

(3) Where the Regulator considers a modification not to be significant, it must inform the aeroplane operator without undue delay.

(4) Significant changes to the Emissions Monitoring Plan include—

(a) change of emission factor values laid down in the Emissions Monitoring Plan,

(b) a change between the calculation methods referred to in Schedule 2,

(c) the introduction of new source streams,

(d) changes in the status of the aeroplane operator with regard to one of the thresholds specified in article 5 or 22(7) to (12).

Commencement Information

I7 Art. 27 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

Calculation of CO₂ emissions from aeroplane fuel use U.K.

28.—(1) An aeroplane operator must apply a fuel density value to calculate fuel mass where the amount of fuel uplift is determined in units of volume.

(2) The aeroplane operator must record the fuel density, which may be an actual or a standard value of 0.8 kg per litre, that is used for operational and safety reasons such as in an operational, flight or technical log.

(3) The procedure for informing the use of actual or standard density must be detailed in the Emissions Monitoring Plan along with a reference to the relevant aeroplane operator documentation(10).

(4) An aeroplane operator using a Fuel Use Monitoring Method, as set out in Schedule 2, must determine the CO₂ emissions from international flights using the following equation—

where—

• CO₂ = CO₂ emissions in tonnes(11);

• M_f = Mass of fuel f used in tonnes; and

• FCF_f = Fuel conversion factor of given fuel f.

(5) The fuel conversion factor referred to in paragraph (4) is equal to—

(a) 3.16 (in kg CO₂/kg fuel) for Jet-A fuel,

(b) 3.10 (in kg CO₂/kg fuel) for AvGas, or

(c) 3.10 (in kg CO₂/kg fuel) for Jet-B fuel.

Commencement Information

I8 Art. 28 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

Monitoring of CORSIA eligible fuels claims U.K.

29.—(1) An aeroplane operator that intends to claim for emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels must use a CORSIA eligible fuel that meets the CORSIA Sustainability Criteria as defined within the ICAO document entitled, “CORSIA Sustainability Criteria for Sustainable Aviation Fuels”(12).

(2) An aeroplane operator that intends to claim for emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels must only use CORSIA eligible fuels from fuel producers that are certified by an approved Sustainable Certification Scheme included in the ICAO document entitled, “CORSIA Approved Sustainability Certification Schemes”(13).

(3) If the aeroplane operator cannot demonstrate the compliance of the CORSIA eligible fuel with the CORSIA Sustainability Criteria, it must not be accounted for as a CORSIA eligible fuel.

Commencement Information

I9 Art. 29 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

Calculation of emissions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels U.K.

30.—(1) An aeroplane operator that intends to claim for emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels in a given year must compute the emissions from those CORSIA eligible fuels as follows—

where—

• ER_y = Emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels in the given year y in tonnes;

• FCF = Fuel conversion factor;

• MS_f,y = Total mass of a neat CORSIA eligible fuel claimed in the given year y in tonnes, as described and reported in Field 12.b in Table 1 of Schedule 5;

• LS_f = Life cycle emissions value for a CORSIA eligible fuel, in gCO₂e/MJ; and

• LC = Baseline life cycle emissions values for aviation fuel, equal to 89 gCO₂e/MJ for jet fuel and equal to 95 gCO₂e/MJ for AvGas.

(2) The fuel conversion factor referred to in paragraph (1) is equal to—

(a) 3.16 (in kg CO₂/kg fuel) for Jet-A fuel,

(b) 3.10 (in kg CO₂/kg fuel) for AvGas, or

(c) 3.10 (in kg CO₂/kg fuel) for Jet-B fuel.

(3) If a Default Life Cycle Emissions value is used, the aeroplane operator must use the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Default Life Cycle Emissions Values for CORSIA Eligible Fuels”(14) for the calculation in paragraph (1).

(4) If an Actual Life Cycle Emissions value is used, an approved Sustainability Certification Scheme must ensure that the methodology, set out in the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Methodology for Calculating Actual Life Cycle Emissions Values”(15), has been applied correctly.

Commencement Information

I10 Art. 30 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

CHAPTER 3 U.K. Reporting of aeroplane operator annual CO₂ emissions

Aeroplane operator reporting U.K.

31.—(1) An aeroplane operator must submit to the Regulator a copy of its verified Emissions Report for approval by the Regulator and a copy of the associated Verification Report in accordance with the timeline set out in Schedule 1.

(2) The Regulator must decide on the level of aggregation, being State pair or aerodrome pair, for which an aeroplane operator must report the number of international flights in accordance with Field 7 in Table 1 in Schedule 5, and CO₂ emissions in accordance with Field 8 in that Table. The Regulator must inform the aeroplane operator whether Fields 7 and 8 in the Emissions Report must be reported at the level of State pair or aerodrome pair during the approval process for its Emissions Monitoring Plan.

(3) An Emissions Report must contain the information set out in Table 1 of Schedule 5. An aeroplane operator that uses the CERT is not required to report Field 5 in Table 1.

(4) When an aeroplane operator reports its consolidated CO₂ emissions from international flights during the 2019-2020 period, including those of subsidiary aeroplane operators, disaggregated data relating to each subsidiary aeroplane operator must be appended to the main Emissions Report.

(5) In specific circumstances where an aeroplane operator operates a very limited number of flights between State pairs, it may submit a written request to the Regulator that such data not be published at the aeroplane operator level, as set out in Tables 4 and 5 of Schedule 5, explaining the reasons why disclosure would harm its commercial interests.

(6) Based on this request, the Regulator must determine whether this data is confidential.

(7) In specific circumstances where aggregated State pair data may be attributed to an identified aeroplane operator as a result of a very limited number of aeroplane operators conducting flights on a State pair, that aeroplane operator may request in writing to the Regulator that such data not be published at State pair level, explaining the reasons why disclosure would harm their commercial interests.

(8) Based on this request, the Regulator must determine whether this data is confidential.

Commencement Information

I11 Art. 31 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

Reporting of CORSIA eligible fuels U.K.

32.—(1) An aeroplane operator must subtract CORSIA eligible fuels traded or sold to a third party from its total reported quantity of CORSIA eligible fuels.

(2) The aeroplane operator must provide to the Regulator a declaration of all other GHG schemes it participates in where the emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels may be claimed, and a declaration that it has not made claims for the same batches of CORSIA eligible fuel under these other schemes.

(3) To claim emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels in the Emissions Report, the aeroplane operator must provide to the Regulator the information described in Table 2 of Schedule 5, within a given compliance period for all CORSIA eligible fuel received by a blender by the end of that compliance period.

(4) The information provided is through to the blend point, and includes information received from both the neat (unblended) fuel producer and the fuel blender.

(5) If the aeroplane operator purchases fuel from a supplier downstream from the fuel blender, such as a distributor, another aeroplane operator, or an aerodrome-based fuel distributor, this fuel supplier must provide to the aeroplane operator all of the requisite documentation in order for the emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels to be claimed by the aeroplane operator in accordance with articles 29 and 30.

Commencement Information

I12 Art. 32 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

Reporting to ICAO U.K.

33.—(1) The Regulator must calculate and inform each of the aeroplane operators that are attributed to it of their average total CO₂ emissions during 2019 and 2020, in accordance with the timeline set out in Schedule 1.

(2) A Regulator must provide the Secretary of State with the required information regarding CO₂ emissions specified in paragraph (1) and any reported information deemed confidential.

(3) The Secretary of State must submit a report covering those emissions for aeroplane operators administered in the United Kingdom to ICAO in accordance with the timeline set out in Schedule 1. This report must contain the information set out in Tables 4, 5 and 6 in Schedule 5, when applicable.

(4) The Secretary of State must inform ICAO of any reported data deemed confidential in accordance with article 31(6) and (8).

(5) All aeroplane operator data which are deemed confidential in accordance with article 31(6) and (8) must be aggregated without attribution to any specific aeroplane operator, and included within the ICAO document entitled, “CORSIA Central Registry (CCR): Information and Data for Transparency”(16).

Commencement Information

I13 Art. 33 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

CHAPTER 4 U.K. Verification of CO₂ emissions

Verification body and national accreditation body U.K.

34.—(1) A verification body must be accredited as complying with the standards specified in ISO 14065:2013 and the requirements in paragraph 2 of Schedule 6 by a national accreditation body, in order to be eligible to verify the Emissions Report of an aeroplane operator.

(2) A national accreditation body must be working in accordance with ISO/IEC 17011:2004.

Commencement Information

I14 Art. 34 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

Annual verification of an aeroplane operator’s Emissions Report U.K.

35.—(1) An aeroplane operator must engage a verification body for the verification of its annual Emissions Report.

(2) A verification body must conduct the verification according to ISO 14064-3:2006, and the relevant requirements in paragraph 3 of Schedule 6.

(3) Following the verification of the Emissions Report by the verification body, the aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, a copy of the Emissions Report and associated Verification Report to the Regulator, in accordance with the timeline set out in Schedule 1.

(4) The Regulator must perform an order of magnitude check of the Emissions Report in accordance with the timeline set out in Schedule 1 to assess the completeness of the data provided in that report.

(5) To facilitate order of magnitude checks and ensure the completeness of reported data, and where necessary to support the implementation of the requirements in this Order, the Regulator may agree to share with another State’s regulator, specific data and information contained in an aeroplane operator’s Emissions Report where that aeroplane operator performs flights to and from the State of the requesting regulator.

(6) The Regulator must inform any relevant aeroplane operator about such a request for that information.

(7) In the absence of an agreement between the two States, this information must not be disclosed to third parties.

(8) A Regulator must provide the name of the verification body used to verify an Emissions Report on being asked for the disclosure of information by the regulator of another State.

Commencement Information

I15 Art. 35 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

Verification of sustainable aviation fuels U.K.

36.—(1) Fuel purchases, transaction reports, fuel blending records and sustainability credentials must constitute the documentary proof for the purpose of verification and approval of emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels.

(2) An aeroplane operator must ensure that it, or its designated representative, has audit rights over the production records for the CORSIA eligible fuels that it purchases(17).

Commencement Information

I16 Art. 36 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

CHAPTER 5 U.K. Data management and control

Data gaps U.K.

37.—(1) An aeroplane operator using a Fuel Use Monitoring Method, as described in Schedule 2, must fill data gaps using the CERT, as described in Schedule 3, provided that the data gaps during a compliance period do not exceed the following thresholds—

(a) 2019-2020 period: 5 per cent of international flights;

(b) 2021-2035 period: 5 per cent of international flights between State Pairs defined in the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs”(18).

(2) The aeroplane operator must correct issues identified with the data and information management system in a timely manner to mitigate ongoing data gaps and system weaknesses.

(3) If the aeroplane operator realises it has data gaps and system weaknesses that exceed the threshold in paragraph (1), it must engage with the Regulator to take remedial action to address this.

(4) When the threshold is exceeded, the aeroplane operator must state the percentage of international flights for the 2019-2020 period, or flights between State Pairs defined in the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” for the 2021-2035 period, that had data gaps, and provide an explanation to the Regulator in its annual Emissions Report.

(5) The aeroplane operator must fill all data gaps and correct systematic errors and misstatements prior to the submission of the Emissions Report.

(6) If an aeroplane operator does not provide its annual Emissions Report in accordance with the timeline set out in Schedule 1, the Regulator must engage with the aeroplane operator to obtain the necessary information. If this proves unsuccessful, the Regulator must estimate the aeroplane operator’s annual emissions using the best available information and tools, such as the CERT as described in Schedule 3.

(7) If the Regulator does not provide its annual aggregated Emissions Report for the purposes of reporting to ICAO in accordance with the timeline set out in Schedule 1, the data provided by ICAO must be used to fill these gaps and calculate the total sectoral CO₂ emissions in a given year and the Sectoral Growth Factor.

Commencement Information

I17 Art. 37 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

Error correction to Emissions Reports U.K.

38.—(1) If an error in an aeroplane operator’s reported emissions is identified by the Regulator, the verification body or the aeroplane operator after the reported CO₂ emissions have been submitted to ICAO in accordance with the timeline set out in Schedule 1, the Regulator must update the reported CO₂ emissions to address the error.

(2) The Regulator must assess any implications with respect to the aeroplane operator’s offsetting requirements in previous years and, if necessary, make an adjustment to compensate for the error during the compliance period in which the error has been identified.

(3) A Regulator must report to the Secretary of State any error in an aeroplane operator’s CO₂ emissions and the follow-up result of the related adjustment.

(4) The Secretary of State must report an error in an aeroplane operator’s CO₂ emissions and the follow-up result of the related adjustment to ICAO.

Commencement Information

I18 Art. 38 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

Reporting on improvements to the monitoring methodology U.K.

39.—(1) An aeroplane operator must regularly check whether the monitoring methodology applied can be improved.

(2) Where the verification report states outstanding non-conformities, the aeroplane operator must submit to the Regulator for approval a report on improvements by 30th June of the year in which that verification report is issued by the verification body. That report on improvements must describe how and when the aeroplane operator has rectified, or plans to rectify, the non-conformities identified by the verification body and to implement recommended improvements.

(3) The Regulator may set an alternative date for submission of the report on improvements as referred to in paragraph (2), but no later date than 30th September in the same year. Where applicable, such report on improvements may be combined with the report referred to in paragraph (2).

(4) Where recommended improvements would not lead to an improvement of the monitoring methodology, the aeroplane operator must provide a justification for why that is the case. Where the recommended improvements would incur unreasonable costs, the aeroplane operator must provide evidence of the unreasonable nature of the costs.

(5) Paragraphs (2) to (4) do not apply where an aeroplane operator has already resolved all non-conformities and recommendations for improvement and has submitted related modifications of the Emissions Monitoring Plan to the Regulator for approval in accordance with article 26 before the date set in paragraph (2), subject to the alternative date set in paragraph (3).

Commencement Information

I19 Art. 39 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

Rounding of data U.K.

40.—(1) Total annual emissions must be reported as tonnes of CO₂ rounded to the nearest whole number.

(2) Unless otherwise provided in this Order, all variables used to calculate the emissions must be rounded to the nearest whole number for the purpose of calculating and reporting emissions.

Commencement Information

I20 Art. 40 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

Electronic data exchange and use of automated systems U.K.

41.—(1) The Regulator may require verification bodies to use electronic templates or specific file formats for verification reports.

(2) Standardised electronic templates or file format specifications may be made available for further types of communication between the aeroplane operator, Regulator, verification bodies and national accreditation body.

Commencement Information

I21 Art. 41 in force at 26.5.2021, see art. 1

(1)

Guidance material on eligibility of monitoring methods, and associated thresholds, is provided in the Environmental Technical Manual (Doc 9501), Volume IV – Procedures for demonstrating compliance with the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) which is available from the ICAO website at www.icao.int. For a hard copy contact the ICAO E-Commerce and Publications Sales Unit at International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada (telephone [phone] and e-mail [e-mail]).

(2)

OJ L 250, 30.9.2019, p.10.

(3)

“CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” is available from the ICAO website at www.icao.int. For a hard copy contact the ICAO E-Commerce and Publications Sales Unit at International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada (telephone [phone] and e-mail [e-mail]).

(4)

“(y + 1)” refers to the year following the increase above the threshold.

(5)

“(y + 2)” refers to the second year following the increase above the threshold.

(6)

“(y + 3)” refers to the third year following the increase above the threshold.

(7)

See Volume IV of Annex 16 to the Chicago Convention, Attachment B, Figure B-3, for a process flowchart on the eligibility of Fuel Use Monitoring Methods during the 2021-2035 Compliance Phases.

(8)

OJ L 250, 30.9.2019, p.10.

(9)

Guidance material on the Emissions Monitoring Plan and material changes is provided in the Environmental Technical Manual (Doc 9501), Volume IV – Procedures for demonstrating compliance with the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) which is available from the ICAO website at www.icao.int. For a hard copy contact the ICAO E-Commerce and Publications Sales Unit at International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada (telephone [phone] and e-mail [e-mail]).

(10)

Guidance material on the Emissions Monitoring Plan and material changes is provided in the Environmental Technical Manual (Doc 9501), Volume IV – Procedures for demonstrating compliance with the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) which is available from the ICAO website at www.icao.int. For a hard copy contact the ICAO E-Commerce and Publications Sales Unit at International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada (telephone [phone] and e-mail [e-mail]).

(11)

For the purpose of calculating CO₂ emissions the mass of fuel used includes conventional aviation fuel and sustainable aviation fuel.

(12)

“CORSIA Sustainability Criteria for Sustainable Aviation Fuels” is available from the ICAO website at www.icao.int. For a hard copy contact the ICAO E-Commerce and Publications Sales Unit at International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada (telephone [phone] and e-mail [e-mail]).

(13)

“CORSIA Approved Sustainability Certification Schemes” is available from the ICAO website at www.icao.int. For a hard copy contact the ICAO E-Commerce and Publications Sales Unit at International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada (telephone [phone] and e-mail [e-mail]).

(14)

“CORSIA Default Life Cycle Emissions Values for CORSIA Eligible Fuels” is available from the ICAO website at www.icao.int. For a hard copy contact the ICAO E-Commerce and Publications Sales Unit at International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada (telephone [phone] and e-mail [e-mail]).

(15)

“CORSIA Methodology for Calculating Actual Life Cycle Emissions Values” is available from the ICAO website at www.icao.int. For a hard copy contact the ICAO E-Commerce and Publications Sales Unit at International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada (telephone [phone] and e-mail [e-mail]).

(16)

“CORSIA Central Registry (CCR): Information and Data for Transparency” is available from the ICAO website at www.icao.int. For a hard copy contact the ICAO E-Commerce and Publications Sales Unit at International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada (telephone [phone] and e-mail [e-mail]).

(17)

The quality control assurances of CORSIA eligible fuel producers include declarations and/or process certifications, with periodic audits by verifiers, purchasers, or trusted entities. The process certifications, including the sustainability credentials, provide assurance that the CORSIA eligible fuel producer has established business processes to prevent double counting, and the periodic audits verify that the producer is following their established procedures. Purchasers and States may elect to independently audit the production records of the CORSIA eligible fuel producer in order to provide further assurance.

(18)

“CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” is available from the ICAO website at www.icao.int. For a hard copy contact the ICAO E-Commerce and Publications Sales Unit at International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada (telephone [phone] and e-mail [e-mail]).