Commission Decision of 18 July 2007 establishing guidelines for the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (notified under document number C(2007) 3416) (Text with EEA relevance) (2007/589/EC) (repealed)

ANNEX II Guidelines for combustion emissions from activites as listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC

1. BOUNDARIES AND COMPLETENESS

The activity-specific guidelines contained in this Annex shall be used to monitor emissions from combustion installations with a rated thermal input exceeding 20 MW (except hazardous or municipal waste installations) as listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC and to monitor combustion emissions from other activities as listed in that Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC where referred to in Annexes III to XI to these guidelines. For relevant processes of the petrochemical industry — if covered by Annex I Directive 2003/87/EC — Annex III may also apply.

The monitoring of emissions from combustion processes shall include emissions from the combustion of all fuels at the installation as well as emissions from scrubbing processes for example to remove SO₂ from flue gas. Emissions from internal combustion engines for transportation purposes shall not be monitored and reported. All emissions from the combustion of fuels at the installation shall be assigned to the installation, regardless of exports of heat or electricity to other installations. Emissions associated with the production of heat or electricity that is imported from other installations shall not be assigned to the importing installation.

Emissions of a combustion installation adjacent and drawing its main fuel from an integrated steel plant but operated under a separate greenhouse gas emission permit may be calculated as part of the mass balance consideration of this steel plant if the operator can prove to the competent authority that such an approach will reduce overall uncertainty of the emission determination.

2. DETERMINATION OF CO₂ EMISSIONS

Emission sources of CO₂ emissions from combustion installations and processes include:

• boilers,

• burners,

• turbines,

• heaters,

• furnaces,

• incinerators,

• kilns,

• ovens,

• dryers,

• engines,

• flares,

• scrubbers (process emissions),

• any other equipment or machinery that uses fuel, excluding equipment or machinery with combustion engines that is used for transportation purposes.

2.1. CALCULATION OF CO₂ EMISSIONS

2.1.1. COMBUSTION EMISSIONS

2.1.1.1. GENERAL COMBUSTION ACTIVITIES

CO₂ emissions from combustion installations shall be calculated by multiplying the energy content of each fuel used by an emission factor and an oxidation factor. For each fuel the following calculation shall be carried out for each activity:

CO₂ emissions = Activity data * Emission factor * Oxidation factor

With:

(a) activity data

Activity data are generally expressed as the net energy content of the fuel consumed [TJ] during the reporting period. The energy content of the fuel consumption shall be calculated by means of the following formula:

Energy content of fuel consumption [TJ] = fuel consumed [t or Nm³] * net calorific value of fuel [TJ/t or TJ/Nm³](1)

In case a mass or volume related emission factor [tCO₂/t or tCO₂//Nm³] is used, activity data is expressed as the amount of fuel consumed [t or Nm³].

With:

(a1) fuel consumed:

Tier 1

The fuel consumption over the reporting period shall be determined by the operator or fuel supplier within a maximum uncertainty of less than ±7,5 % taking into account the effect of stock changes where applicable.

Tier 2

The fuel consumption over the reporting period shall be determined by the operator or fuel supplier within a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 5 % taking into account the effect of stock changes where applicable.

Tier 3

The fuel consumption over the reporting period shall be determined by the operator or fuel supplier within a maximum uncertainty of less than ±2,5 % taking into account the effect of stock changes where applicable.

Tier 4

The fuel consumption over the reporting period shall be determined by the operator or fuel supplier within a maximum uncertainty of less than ±1,5 % taking into account the effect of stock changes where applicable.

(a2) net calorific value

Tier 1

Reference values for each fuel are used as specified in Section 11 of Annex I.

Tier 2a

The operator applies country-specific net calorific values for the respective fuel as reported by the respective Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Tier 2b

For commercially traded fuels the net calorific value as derived from the purchasing records for the respective fuel provided by the fuel supplier is used, provided it has been derived based on accepted national or international standards.

Tier 3

The net calorific value representative for the fuel in an installation is measured by the operator, a contracted laboratory or the fuel supplier in accordance with the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I.

(b) emission factor

Tier 1

Reference factors for each fuel are used as specified in Section 11 of Annex I.

Tier 2a

The operator applies country-specific emission factors for the respective fuel as reported by the respective Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Tier 2b

The operator derives emission factors for the fuel based on one of the following established proxies:

• density measurement of specific oils or gases common, e.g. to the refinery or steel industry, and

• net calorific value for specific coals types.

In combination with an empirical correlation as determined at least once per year according to the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I. The operator shall ensure that the correlation satisfies the requirements of good engineering practice and that it is applied only to values of the proxy which fall into the range for which it was established.

Tier 3

Activity-specific emission factors for the fuel are determined by the operator, an external laboratory or the fuel supplier according to the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I.

(c) oxidation factor

The operator may choose the appropriate tier for his monitoring methodology.

Tier 1

An oxidation factor of 1,0(2) is used.

Tier 2

The operator applies oxidation factors for the respective fuel as reported by the respective Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Tier 3

For fuels activity-specific factors are derived by the operator based on relevant carbon contents of ashes, effluents and other wastes and by-products and other relevant non-fully oxidised gaseous forms of carbon emitted. Composition data shall be determined according to the provisions specified in Section 13 of Annex I.

2.1.1.2. MASS-BALANCE APPROACH — CARBON BLACK PRODUCTION AND GAS PROCESSING TERMINALS

The mass-balance approach may be applied for carbon black production and for gas processing terminals. It shall consider all carbon in inputs, stocks, products and other exports from the installation to account for the emissions of greenhouse gases, using the following equation:

CO₂ emissions [tCO₂]= (input - products - export - stock changes) * conversion factor CO₂/C

With:

• input [tC]: all carbon entering the boundaries of the installation,

• products [tC]: all carbon in products and materials, including by-products, leaving the boundaries of the installation,

• export [tC]: carbon exported from the boundaries of the installation, e.g. discharged to sewer, deposited into landfill or through losses. Export does not include the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere,

• stock changes [tC]: stock increases of carbon within the boundaries of the installation.

The calculation shall then be as follows:

CO₂ emissions [tCO₂] = (Σ (activity data_input * carbon content_input) - Σ (activity data_products * carbon content_products) - Σ (activity data_export * carbon content_export) - Σ (activity data_{stock changes *} carbon content_{stock changes})) * 3,664

With:

(a) activity data

The operator shall analyse and report the mass flows into and from the installation and respective stock changes for all relevant fuels and materials separately. Where the carbon content of a mass flow is usually related to energy content (fuels), the operator may determine and use the carbon content related to the energy content [tC/TJ] of the respective mass flow for the calculation of the mass balance.

Tier 1

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ±7,5 %.

Tier 2

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 5 %.

Tier 3

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ±2,5 %.

Tier 4

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ±1,5 %.

(b) carbon content

Tier 1

The carbon content of input or output streams shall be derived from standard emission factors for fuels or materials listed in Section 11 of Annex I or the Annexes IV-VI. The carbon content is derived as follows:

Tier 2

The carbon content of input or output stream shall be derived following the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I in respect to representative sampling of fuels, products and by-products, the determination of their carbon contents and biomass fraction.

2.1.1.3. FLARES

Emissions from flares shall include routine flaring and operational flaring (trips, start-up and shutdown as well as emergency relieves).

CO₂ emissions shall be calculated from the amount of gas flared [Nm³] and the carbon content of the flared gas [tCO₂/Nm³] (including inherent CO₂).

CO₂ emissions = activity data * emission factor * oxidation factor

With:

(a) activity data

Tier 1

Amount of flare gas used over the reporting period is derived with a maximum uncertainty of ±17,5 %.

Tier 2

Amount of flare gas used over the reporting period is derived with a maximum uncertainty of ±12,5 %.

Tier 3

Amount of flare gas used during reporting period is derived with a maximum uncertainty of ±7,5 %.

(b) emission factor

Tier 1

Using a reference emission factor of 0,00393 tCO₂/m³ (at standard conditions) derived from the combustion of pure ethane used as a conservative proxy for flare gases.

Tier 2a

The operator applies country-specific emission factors for the respective fuel as reported by the respective Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Tier 2b

Installation-specific emission factors are derived from an estimate of the molecular weight of the flare stream, using process modelling based on industry-standard models. By considering the relative proportions and the molecular weights of each of the contributing streams, a weighted annual average figure is derived for the molecular weight of the flare gas.

Tier 3

Emission factor [tCO₂/Nm³ _{flare gas}] calculated from the carbon content of the flared gas applying the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I.

(c) oxidation factor

Lower tiers can be applied.

Tier 1

A value of 1,0 shall be used.

Tier 2

The operator applies an oxidation factor as reported by the respective Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

2.1.2. PROCESS EMISSIONS

Process CO₂ emissions from the use of carbonate for SO₂ scrubbing from the waste gas stream shall be calculated on the basis of carbonate purchased (calculation method Tier 1a) or gypsum produced (calculation method Tier 1b). These two calculation methods are equivalent. Calculation shall be as follows:

CO₂ emissions [t] = activity data * emission factor

With:

Calculation method A — carbonate based

Calculation of emissions is based on the amount of carbonate employed:

(a) activity data

Tier 1

Tons of dry carbonate as process input consumed over the reporting period determined by the operator or supplier with a maximum uncertainty of less than ±7,5 %.

(b) emission factor

Tier 1

The emission factors shall be calculated and reported in units of mass of CO₂ released per tonne of carbonate. Stoichiometric ratios as shown in Table 1 below shall be used to convert composition data into emission factors.

The determination of the amount of CaCO₃ and MgCO₃ in each relevant kiln input material is carried out using industry best practice guidelines.

Table 1

Stoichiometric ratios

Carbonate	Ratio[tCO2/t Ca-, Mg- or other carbonate]	Remarks
CaCO3	0,44
MgCO3	0,522
General: XY(CO3)Z	Emission factor = [MCO2]/{Y * [Mx] + Z *[MCO3 2-]}	X = alkali earth or alkali metal Mx = molecular weight of X in [g/mol] MCO2 = molecular weight of CO2 = 44 [g/mol] MCO3- = molecular weight of CO3 2- = 60 [g/mol] Y = stoichiometric number of X = 1 (for alkali earth metals) = 2 (for alkali metals) Z = stoichiometric number of CO3 2- = 1

Calculation method B — gypsum based

Calculation of emissions is based on the amount of gypsum produced:

(a) activity data

Tier 1

Tons of dry gypsum (CaSO₄ · 2H₂O) as process output per year determined by the operator or processor of gypsum with a maximum uncertainty of less than ±7,5 %.

(b) emission factor

Tier 1

Stoichiometric ratio of dry gypsum (CaSO₄ · 2H₂O) and CO₂ in the process: 0,2558 tCO₂/t gypsum.

2.2. MEASUREMENT OF CO₂ EMISSIONS

The measurement guidelines contained in Annex XII shall be applied.

(1)

In case volume units are used, the operator shall consider any conversion that may be required to account for differences in pressure and temperature of the metering device and the standard conditions for which the net calorific value was derived for the respective fuel type.

(2)

See IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.