Commission Decision of 18 July 2007 establishing guidelines for the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (notified under document number C(2007) 3416) (Text with EEA relevance) (2007/589/EC) (repealed)

ANNEX VI Activity-specific guidelines for installation for the production of pig iron and steel including continuous casting as listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC

1. BOUNDARIES AND COMPLETENESS

The guidelines in this Annex can be applied for emissions from installations for the production of pig iron and steel, including continuous casting. They refer in particular to primary (blast furnace (BF) and basic oxygen furnace (BOF)) and secondary (electric arc furnace (EAF)) steel production.

Installations for the production of pig iron and steel including continuous casting are generally integral parts of steel works with a technical connection to coke ovens and sinter installations. Thus an intensive energy and material exchange (e.g. blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, coke, limestone) takes place in regular operation. If the installation's permit according to Article 4, 5 and 6 of Directive 2003/87/EC encompasses the entire steel works and not solely the blast furnace, the CO₂ emissions may also be monitored for the integrated steel works as a whole. In such cases the mass-balance approach as presented in Section 2.1.1 of this Annex may be used.

If waste gas scrubbing is carried out at the installation and the resulting emissions are not calculated as part of the installation's process emissions, they shall be calculated in accordance with Annex II.

2. DETERMINATION OF CO₂ EMISSIONS

In installations for the production of pig iron and steel including continuous casting, CO₂ emissions result from the following emission sources and source streams:

• raw materials (calcination of limestone, dolomite and carbonatic iron ores, e.g. FeCO₃),

• conventional fuels (natural gas, coal and coke),

• reducing agents (coke, coal, plastics, etc.),

• process gases (coke oven gas (COG), blast furnace gas (BFG) and basic oxygen furnace gas (BOFG)),

• consumption of graphite electrodes,

• other fuels,

• waste gas scrubbing.

2.1. CALCULATION OF CO₂ EMISSIONS

In case the installation for the production of pig iron and steel is part of an integrated steelworks, the operator may calculate emissions:

(a)

for the integrated steelworks as a whole, using the mass-balance approach; or

(b)

the installation for the production of pig iron and steel as individual activity of the integrated steelworks.

2.1.1. MASS-BALANCE APPROACH

The mass-balance approach shall consider all carbon in inputs, stocks, products and other exports from the installation to determine the level of emissions of greenhouse gases over the reporting period, using the following equation:

CO₂ emissions [tCO₂] = (input - products - export - stock changes) * conversion factor CO₂/C

With:

• input [tC]: all carbon entering the boundaries of the installation,

• products [tC]: all carbon in products and materials, including by-products, leaving the boundaries of the installation,

• export [tC]: carbon exported from the boundaries of the installation, e.g. discharged to sewer, deposited into landfill or through losses. Export does not include the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere,

• stock changes [tC]: stock increases of carbon within the boundaries of the mass balance.

The calculation shall then be as follows:

CO₂ emissions [tCO₂] = (Σ (activity data_input * carbon content_input) - Σ (activity data_products * carbon content_products) - Σ (activity data_export * carbon content_export) - Σ (activity data_{stock changes} * carbon content_{stock changes})) * 3,664

With:

(a) activity data

The operator shall analyse and report the mass flows into and from the installation and respective stock changes for all relevant fuels and materials separately. Where the carbon content of a mass flow is usually related to energy content (fuels), the operator may determine and use the carbon content related to the energy content [t C/TJ] of the respective mass flow for the calculation of the mass balance.

Tier 1

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ±7,5 %.

Tier 2

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 5 %.

Tier 3

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ±2,5 %.

Tier 4

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ±1,5 %.

(b) carbon content

Tier 1

The carbon content of input or output streams is derived from standard emission factors for fuels or materials named in Section 11 of Annex I or the Annexes IV-X. The carbon content is derived as follows:

Tier 2

The operator applies country-specific carbon content for the respective fuel or material as reported by the respective Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Tier 3

The carbon content of input or output stream shall be derived following the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I in respect to representative sampling of fuels, products and by-products, the determination of their carbon contents and biomass fraction.

The carbon content of products or semi-finished products may be determined based on annual analyses following the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I or be derived from mid-range composition values as specified by relevant international or national standards.

2.1.2. COMBUSTION EMISSIONS

Combustion processes taking place at installations for the production of pig iron and steel including continuous casting where fuels (e.g. coke, coal and natural gas) are not used as reducing agents or do not stem from metallurgical reactions shall be monitored and reported in accordance with Annex II.

2.1.3. PROCESS EMISSIONS

Installations for the production of pig iron and steel including continuous casting are normally characterized by a sequence of facilities (e.g. blast furnace, basic oxygen furnace) and these facilities frequently have technical connections to other installations (e.g. coke oven, sinter installation, power installation). Within such installations a number of different fuels are used as reducing agents. Generally these installations also produce process gases of different compositions, e.g. coke oven gas (COG), blast furnace gas (BFG), basic oxygen furnace gas (BOFG).

Total CO₂ emissions from pig iron and steel installations including continuous casting shall be calculated as follows:

CO₂ emission [tCO₂] = Σ (activity data_INPUT * emission factor_INPUT) - Σ (activity data_OUTPUT * emission factor_OUTPUT)

With:

(a) activity data

(a1) mass flows

Tier 1

The mass flow into and from the installation over the reporting period is determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ±7,5 %.

Tier 2

The mass flow into and from the installation over the reporting period is determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ±5,0 %.

Tier 3

The mass flow into and from the installation over the reporting period is determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ±2,5 %.

Tier 4

The mass flow into and from the installation over the reporting period is determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ±1,5 %.

(a2) net calorific value (if applicable)

Tier 1

Reference values for each fuel are used as specified in Section 11 of Annex I.

Tier 2

The operator applies country-specific net calorific values for the respective fuel as reported by the respective Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Tier 3

The net calorific value representative for each batch of fuel in an installation is measured by the operator, a contracted laboratory or the fuel supplier in accordance with the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I.

(b) emission factor

The emission factor for the activity data_OUTPUT refers to the amount of non-CO₂-carbon in process output, which is expressed as tCO₂/t output to enhance comparability.

Tier 1

Reference factors are used for input and output material (see Table 1 below and Section 11 of Annex I).

Table 1

Reference emission factors^a

a See IPCC; 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories; 2006. IPCC based values stem from factors expressed in tC/t, multiplied with a CO/C conversion factor of 3,664.
Emission factor	Value	Unit	Source of emission factor
CaCO3	0,44	tCO2/t CaCO3	Stoichiometric ratio
CaCO3-MgCO3	0,477	tCO2/t CaCO3-MgCO3	Stoichiometric ratio
FeCO3	0,38	tCO2/t FeCO3	Stoichiometric ratio
Direct reduced iron (DRI)	0,07	tCO2/t	IPCC GL 2006
EAF carbon Electrodes	3,0	tCO2/t	IPCC GL 2006
EAF charge carbon	3,04	tCO2/t	IPCC GL 2006
Hot briquetted iron	0,07	tCO2/t	IPCC GL 2006
Oxygen steel furnace gas	1,28	tCO2/t	IPCC GL 2006
Petroleum coke	3,19	tCO2/t	IPCC GL 2006
Purchased pig iron	0,15	tCO2/t	IPCC GL 2006
Scrap iron	0,15	tCO2/t	IPCC GL 2006
Steel	0,04	tCO2/t	IPCC GL 2006

Tier 2

The operator applies country-specific emission factors for the respective fuel as reported by the respective Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Tier 3

Specific emission factors (tCO₂/t_INPUT or t_OUTPUT) for input and output materials are used, developed in accordance with the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I.

2.2. MEASUREMENT OF CO₂ EMISSIONS

The measurement guidelines contained in Annex I and Annex XII shall be applied.