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ANNEX IIU.K. SPECIFIC PRODUCT BENCHMARKS

1. Refineries benchmark: CWT functions U.K.

CWT functionDescriptionBasis (kt/a)CWT factor
Atmospheric Crude DistillationMild Crude Unit, Standard Crude UnitF1,0
Vacuum Distillation

Mild Vacuum Fractionation, Standard Vacuum Column, Vacuum Fractionating Column

Vacuum distillation factor also includes average energy and emissions for Heavy Feed Vacuum (HFV) unit. Since this is always in series with the MVU, HFV capacity is not counted separately

F0,85
Solvent DeasphaltingConventional Solvent, Supercritical SolventF2,45
Visbreaking

Atmospheric Residuum (w/o a Soaker Drum), Atmospheric Residuum (with a Soaker Drum), Vacuum Bottoms Feed (w/o a Soaker Drum), Vacuum Bottoms Feed (with a Soaker Drum)

Visbreaking factor also includes average energy and emissions for Vacuum Flasher Column (VAC VFL) but capacity is not counted separately

F1,4
Thermal CrackingThermal cracking factor also includes average energy and emissions for Vacuum Flasher Column (VAC VFL) but capacity is not counted separatelyF2,7
Delayed CokingDelayed CokingF2,2
Fluid CokingFluid CokingF7,6
FlexicokingFlexicokingF16,6
Coke CalciningVertical-Axis Hearth, Horizontal-Axis Rotary KilnP12,75
Fluid Catalytic CrackingFluid Catalytic Cracking, Mild Residuum Catalytic Cracking, Residual Catalytic CrackingF5,5
Other Catalytic CrackingHoudry Catalytic Cracking, Thermofor Catalytic CrackingF4,1
Distillate/Gasoil HydrocrackingMild Hydrocracking, Severe Hydrocracking, Naphtha HydrocrackingF2,85
Residual HydrocrackingH-Oil, LC-Fining™ and HyconF3,75
Naphtha/Gasoline Hydrotreating

Benzene Saturation, Desulphurisation of C4–C6 Feeds, Conventional Naphtha H/T, Diolefin to Olefin Saturation, Diolefin to Olefin Saturation of Alkylation Feed, FCC Gasoline hydrotreating with minimum octane loss, Olefinic Alkylation of Thio S, S-Zorb™ Process, Selective H/T of Pygas/Naphtha, Pygas/Naphtha Desulphurisation, Selective H/T of Pygas/Naphtha

Naphtha hydrotreating factor includes energy and emissions for Reactor for Selective H/T (NHYT/RXST) but capacity is not counted separately

F1,1
Kerosene/Diesel HydrotreatingAromatic Saturation, Conventional H/T, Solvent aromatics hydrogenation, Conventional Distillate H/T, High Severity Distillate H/T, Ultra-High Severity H/T, Middle Distillate Dewaxing, S-Zorb™ Process, Selective Hydrotreating of DistillatesF0,9
Residual HydrotreatingDesulphurisation of Atmospheric Residuum Desulphurisation of Vacuum ResiduumF1,55
VGO HydrotreatingHydrodesulphurisation/denitrification, HydrodesulphurisationF0,9
Hydrogen Production

Steam Methane Reforming, Steam Naphtha Reforming, Partial Oxidation Units of Light Feeds

Factor for hydrogen production includes energy and emissions for purification (H2PURE), but capacity is not counted separately

P300,0
Catalytic ReformingContinuous Regeneration, Cyclic, Semi-Regenerative, AROMAXF4,95
Alkylation

Alkylation with HF Acid, Alkylation with Sulfuric Acid, Polymerisation C3 Olefin Feed, Polymerisation C3/C4 Feed, Dimersol

Factor for alkylation/polymerisation includes energy and emissions for acid regeneration (ACID), but capacity is not counted separately

P7,25
C4 Isomerisation

C4 Isomerisation

Factor also includes energy and emissions related to average EU-27 special fractionation (DIB) correlated with C4 isomerisation

R3,25
C5/C6 Isomerisation

C5/C6 Isomerisation

Factor also includes energy and emissions related to average EU-27 special fractionation (DIH) correlated with C5 isomerisation

R2,85
Oxygenate ProductionMBTE Distillation Units, MTBE Extractive Units, ETBE, TAME, Isooctene ProductionP5,6
Propylene ProductionChemical Grade, Polymer gradeF3,45
Asphalt Manufacture

Asphalt and Bitumen Manufacture

Production figure should include Polymer-Modified Asphalt. CWT factor includes blowing

P2,1
Polymer-Modified Asphalt BlendingPolymer-Modified Asphalt BlendingP0,55
Sulphur Recovery

Sulphur Recovery

Factor for sulfur recovery includes energy and emissions for tail gas recovery (TRU) and H2S Springer Unit (U32), but capacity is not counted separately

P18,6
Aromatic Solvent Extraction

ASE: Extraction Distillation, ASE: Liquid/Liquid Extraction, ASE: Liq/Liq w/Extr. Distillation

CWT factor cover all feeds including Pygas after hydrotreatment. Pygas hydrotreating should be accounted under naphtha hydrotreatment

F5,25
HydrodealkylationHydrodealkylationF2,45
TDP/TDAToluene Disproportionation/DealkylationF1,85
Cyclohexane productionCyclohexane productionP3,0
Xylene IsomerisationXylene IsomerisationF1,85
Paraxylene production

Paraxylene Adsorption, Paraxylene Crystallisation

Factor also includes energy and emissions for Xylene Splitter and Orthoxylene Rerun Column

P6,4
Metaxylene productionMetaxylene productionP11,1
Phtalic anhydride productionPhtalic anhydride productionP14,4
Maleic anhydride productionMaleic anhydride productionP20,8
Ethylbenzene production

Ethylbenzene production

Factor also includes energy and emissions for Ethylbenzene distillation

P1,55
Cumene productionCumene productionP5,0
Phenol productionPhenol productionP1,15
Lube solvent extractionLube solvent extraction: Solvent is Furfural, Solvent is NMP, Solvent is Phenol, Solvent is SO2F2,1
Lube solvent dewaxingLube solvent dewaxing: Solvent is Chlorocarbon, Solvent is MEK/Toluene, Solvent is MEK/MIBK, Solvent is propaneF4,55
Catalytic Wax IsomerisationCatalytic Wax Isomerisation and Dewaxing, Selective Wax CrackingF1,6
Lube HydrocrackerLube Hydrocracker w/Multi-Fraction Distillation, Lube Hydrocracker w/Vacuum StripperF2,5
Wax DeoilingWax Deoiling: Solvent is Chlorocarbon, Solvent is MEK/Toluene, Solvent is MEK/MIBK, Solvent is PropaneP12,0
Lube/Wax HydrotreatingLube H/F w/Vacuum Stripper, Lube H/T w/Multi-Fraction Distillation, Lube H/T w/Vacuum Stripper, Wax H/F w/Vacuum Stripper, Wax H/T w/Multi-Fraction Distillation, Wax H/T w/Vacuum StripperF1,15
Solvent HydrotreatingSolvent HydrotreatingF1,25
Solvent FractionationSolvent FractionationF0,9
Mol sieve for C10 + paraffinsMol sieve for C10 + paraffinsP1,85
Partial Oxidation of Residual Feeds (POX) for FuelPOX Syngas for FuelSG8,2
Partial Oxidation of Residual Feeds (POX) for Hydrogen or Methanol

POX Syngas for Hydrogen or Methanol, POX Syngas for Methanol

Factor includes energy and emissions for CO Shift and H2 Purification (U71) but capacity is not counted separately

SG44,0
Methanol from syngasMethanolP–36,2
Air SeparationAir SeparationP (MNm3 O2)8,8
Fractionation of purchased NGLFractionation of purchased NGLF1,0
Flue gas treatmentDeSOx and deNOxF (MNm3)0,1
Treatment and Compression of Fuel Gas for SalesTreatment and Compression of Fuel Gas for SaleskW0,15
Seawater DesalinationSeawater DesalinationP1,15

Basis for CWT factors: Net fresh feed (F), Reactor feed (R, includes recycle), Product feed (P), Synthesis gas production for POX units (SG).

2. Aromatics benchmark: CWT functions U.K.

CWT functionDescriptionBasis (kt/a)CWT factor
Naphtha/gasoline hydrotreater

Benzene Saturation, Desulphurisation of C4–C6 Feeds, Conventional Naphtha H/T, Diolefin to Olefin Saturation, Diolefin to Olefin Saturation of Alkylation Feed, FCC Gasoline hydrotreating with minimum octane loss, Olefinic Alkylation of Thio S, S-Zorb™ Process, Selective H/T of Pygas/Naphtha, Pygas/Naphtha Desulphurisation, Selective H/T of Pygas/Naphtha

Naphtha hydrotreating factor includes energy and emissions for Reactor for Selective H/T (NHYT/RXST) but capacity is not counted separately

F1,1
Aromatic solvent extraction

ASE: Extraction Distillation, ASE: Liquid/Liquid Extraction, ASE: Liq/Liq w/Extr. Distillation

CWT factor cover all feeds including Pygas after hydrotreatment. Pygas hydrotreating should be accounted under naphtha hydrotreatment

F5,25
TDP/TDAToluene Disproportionation/DealkylationF1,85
HydrodealkylationHydrodealkylationF2,45
Xylene isomerisationXylene IsomerisationF1,85
Paraxylene production

Paraxylene Adsorption, Paraxylene Crystallisation

Factor also includes energy and emissions for Xylene Splitter and Orthoxylene Rerun Column

P6,4
Cyclohexane productionCyclohexane productionP3,0
Cumene productionCumene productionP5,0

Basis for CWT factors: Net fresh feed (F), Product feed (P).