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Council Directive of 26 July 1971 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the braking devices of certain categories of motor vehicles and of their trailers (71/320/EEC) (repealed)
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- Revised 01/11/20140.44 MB
- Revised 01/07/20131.78 MB
- Revised 01/01/20071.13 MB
- Revised 01/05/20041.16 MB
- Revised 24/10/20021.16 MB
- Revised 07/04/19981.14 MB
- Revised 22/08/19910.91 MB
- Revised 30/03/19880.84 MB
- Revised 03/01/19860.84 MB
- Revised 24/04/19790.57 MB
- Revised 31/07/19750.50 MB
- Revised 20/02/19740.40 MB
- Revised 01/01/19730.36 MB
- Revised 30/07/19710.36 MB
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[F1Appendix 1 Symbols and definitions
Textual Amendments
| a F Mnd and F MD : in case of two-axled motor vehicles: these symbols may be simplified to corresponding F i symbols.] | |
| Symbol | Notes |
|---|---|
| E | wheelbase |
| E R | distance between king-pin and centre of axle of semi-trailer (or distance between drawbar coupling and centre of axle or axles of centre-axle trailer) |
| ε | the adhesion utilised by the vehicle: quotient of the maximum braking rate with the anti-lock braking system operative (z AL ) and the coefficient of adhesion (k) |
| ε i | the ε-value measured on axle i (in the case of a motor vehicle with a category 3 anti-lock system) |
| ε Η | the ε-value on the high-friction surface |
| ε L | the ε-value on the low-friction surface |
| F | force [N] |
| F bR | braking force of the trailer with the anti-lock braking system inoperative |
| F bRmax | maximum value of F bR |
| F bRmax,i | value of F bRmax with only axle i of the trailer braked |
| F bRAL | braking force of the trailer with the anti-lock braking system operative |
| F Cnd | total normal reaction of road surface on the unbraked and non-driven axles of the vehicle combination under static conditions |
| F Cd | total normal reaction of road surface on the unbraked and driven axles of the vehicle combination under static conditions |
| F dyn | normal reaction of road under dynamic conditions with the anti-lock braking system operative |
| F idyn | F dyn on axle i in case of motor vehicles or full trailers |
| F i | normal reaction of road surface on axle i under static conditions |
| F M | total normal static reaction of road surface on all wheels of motor (towing) vehicle |
| F Mnd a | total normal static reaction of road surface on the unbraked and non-driven axles of the motor vehicle |
| F Md a | total normal static reaction of road surface on the unbraked and driven axles of the motor vehicle |
| F R | total normal static reaction of road surface on all wheels of trailer |
| F Rdyn | total normal dynamic reaction of road surface on the axle(s) of semi-trailer or centre-axle trailer |
| F wM a | 0,01 F Mnd + 0,015 F Md |
| g | acceleration due to gravity (9,81 m/s 2 ) |
| h | height of centre of gravity specified by the manufacturer and agreed by the technical service conducting the approval test |
| h D | height of drawbar (hinge point on trailer) |
| h K | height of fifth wheel coupling (king pin) |
| h R | height of centre of gravity of the trailer |
| k | coefficient of adhesion between tyre and road |
| k f | k-factor of one front axle |
| k H | k-value determined on the high-friction surface |
| k i | k-value determined on axle i for a vehicle with a category 3 anti-lock braking system |
| k L | k-value determined on the low-friction surface |
| k lock | value of adhesion for 100 % slip |
| k M | k-factor of the motor vehicle |
| k peak | maximum value of the curve ‘ adhesion versus slip ’ |
| k r | k-factor of one rear axle |
| k R | k-factor of the trailer |
| P | mass of individual vehicle [kg] |
| R | ratio of k peak to k lock |
| t | time interval [s] |
| t m | mean value of t |
| t min | minimum value of t |
| z | braking rate |
| z AL | braking rate z of the vehicle with the anti-lock braking system operative |
| z C | braking rate z of the vehicle combination, with the trailer only braked and the anti-lock braking system inoperative |
| z CAL | braking rate z of the vehicle combination, with the trailer only braked and the anti-lock braking system operative |
| z Cmax | maximum value of z C |
| z Cmax,i | maximum value of z C , with only axle i of the trailer braked |
| z m | mean braking rate |
| z max | maximum value of z |
| z MALS | z AL of the motor vehicle on a ‘split surface’ |
| z R | braking rate z of the trailer with the anti-lock braking system inoperative |
| z RAL | z AL of the trailer obtained by braking all the axles, the towing vehicle unbraked and its engine disconnected |
| z RALH | z RAL on the surface with the high coefficient of adhesion |
| z RALL | z RAL on the surface with the low coefficient of adhesion |
| z RALS | z RAL on the split surface |
| z RH | z R on the surface with the high coefficient of adhesion |
| z RL | z R on the surface with the low coefficient of adhesion |
| z RHmax | maximum value of z RH |
| z RLmax | maximum value of z RL |
| z Rmax | maximum value of z R |
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