[ANNEX I U.K. NATURAL HABITAT TYPES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST WHOSE CONSERVATION REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS OF CONSERVATION
Interpretation U.K.
Guidance on the interpretation of habitat types is given in the Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats as approved by the committee set up under Article 20 (‘Habitats Committee’) and published by the European Commission () .
The code corresponds to the Natura 2000 code.
The sign ‘ * ’ indicates priority habitat types.
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS U.K.
11. Open sea and tidal areas U.K.
1110
Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the time
1120
* Posidonia beds ( Posidonion oceanicae )
1140
Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide
1160
Large shallow inlets and bays
1180
Submarine structures made by leaking gases
12. Sea cliffs and shingle or stony beaches U.K.
1210
Annual vegetation of drift lines
1220
Perennial vegetation of stony banks
1230
Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic Coasts
1240
Vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with endemic Limonium spp.
1250
Vegetated sea cliffs with endemic flora of the Macaronesian coasts
13. Atlantic and continental salt marshes and salt meadows U.K.
1310
Salicornia and other annuals colonizing mud and sand
1320
Spartina swards ( Spartinion maritimae )
1330
Atlantic salt meadows ( Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae )
1340
* Inland salt meadows
14. Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic salt marshes and salt meadows U.K.
1410
Mediterranean salt meadows ( Juncetalia maritimi )
1420
Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs ( Sarcocornetea fruticosi )
1430
Halo-nitrophilous scrubs ( Pegano-Salsoletea )
15. Salt and gypsum inland steppes U.K.
1510
* Mediterranean salt steppes ( Limonietalia )
1520
* Iberian gypsum vegetation ( Gypsophiletalia )
1530
* Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes
16. Boreal Baltic archipelago, coastal and landupheaval areas U.K.
1610
Baltic esker islands with sandy, rocky and shingle beach vegetation and sublittoral vegetation
1620
Boreal Baltic islets and small islands
1630
* Boreal Baltic coastal meadows
1640
Boreal Baltic sandy beaches with perennial vegetation
1650
Boreal Baltic narrow inlets
2. COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES U.K.
21. Sea dunes of the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic coasts U.K.
2110
Embryonic shifting dunes
2120
Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (‘white dunes’)
2130
* Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation ( ‘ grey dunes ’ )
2140
* Decalcified fixed dunes with Empetrum nigrum
2150
* Atlantic decalcified fixed dunes ( Calluno-Ulicetea )
2160
Dunes with Hippophaë rhamnoides
2170
Dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea ( Salicion arenariae )
2180
Wooded dunes of the Atlantic, Continental and Boreal region
21A0
Machairs (* in Ireland)
22. Sea dunes of the Mediterranean coast U.K.
2210
Crucianellion maritimae fixed beach dunes
2220
Dunes with Euphorbia terracina
2230
Malcolmietalia dune grasslands
2240
Brachypodietalia dune grasslands with annuals
2250
* Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp.
2260
Cisto-Lavenduletalia dune sclerophyllous scrubs
2270
* Wooded dunes with Pinus pinea and/or Pinus pinaster
23. Inland dunes, old and decalcified U.K.
2310
Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Genista
2320
Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Empetrum nigrum
2330
Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands
2340
* Pannonic inland dunes
3. FRESHWATER HABITATS U.K.
31. Standing water U.K.
3110
Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains ( Littorelletalia uniflorae )
3120
Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals generally on sandy soils of the West Mediterranean, with Isoetes spp.
3130
Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea
3140
Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp.
3150
Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition — type vegetation
3160
Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds
3170
* Mediterranean temporary ponds
3190
Lakes of gypsum karst
31A0
* Transylvanian hot-spring lotus beds
32. Running water — sections of water courses with natural or semi-natural dynamics (minor, average and major beds) where the water quality shows no significant deterioration U.K.
3210
Fennoscandian natural rivers
3220
Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks
3230
Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Myricaria germanica
3240
Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Salix elaeagnos
3250
Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Glaucium flavum
3260
Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation
3270
Rivers with muddy banks with Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p. vegetation
3280
Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Paspalo-Agrostidion species and hanging curtains of Salix and Populus alba
3290
Intermittently flowing Mediterranean rivers of the Paspalo-Agrostidion
32A0
Tufa cascades of karstic rivers in the Dinaric Alps
4. TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB U.K.
4010
Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix
4020
* Temperate Atlantic wet heaths with Erica ciliaris and Erica tetralix
4040
* Dry Atlantic coastal heaths with Erica vagans
4050
* Endemic macaronesian heaths
4060
Alpine and Boreal heaths
4070
* Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum ( Mugo-Rhododendretum hirsuti )
4080
Sub-Arctic Salix spp. Scrub
4090
Endemic oro-Mediterranean heaths with gorse
40A0
* Subcontinental peri-Pannonic scrub
40B0
Rhodope Potentilla fruticosa thickets
40C0
* Ponto-Sarmatic deciduous thickets
5. SCLEROPHYLLOUS SCRUB (MATORRAL) U.K.
51. Sub-Mediterranean and temperate scrub U.K.
5110
Stable xerothermophilous formations with Buxus sempervirens on rock slopes ( Berberidion p.p.)
5120
Mountain Cytisus purgans formations
5130
Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands
5140
* Cistus palhinhae formations on maritime wet heaths
52. Mediterranean arborescent matorral U.K.
5210
Arborescent matorral with Juniperus spp.
5220
* Arborescent matorral with Zyziphus
5230
* Arborescent matorral with Laurus nobilis
53. Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-steppe brush U.K.
5310
Laurus nobilis thickets
5320
Low formations of Euphorbia close to cliffs
5330
Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub
54. Phrygana U.K.
5410
West Mediterranean clifftop phryganas ( Astragalo-Plantaginetum subulatae )
5420
Sarcopoterium spinosum phryganas
5430
Endemic phryganas of the Euphorbio-Verbascion
6. NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS U.K.
61. Natural grasslands U.K.
6110
* Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic grasslands of the Alysso-Sedion albi
6120
* Xeric sand calcareous grasslands
6130
Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae
6140
Siliceous Pyrenean Festuca eskia grasslands
6150
Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands
6160
Oro-Iberian Festuca indigesta grasslands
6170
Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands
6180
Macaronesian mesophile grasslands
6190
Rupicolous pannonic grasslands ( Stipo-Festucetalia pallentis )
62. Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies U.K.
6210
Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates ( Festuco-Brometalia ) (* important orchid sites)
6220
* Pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea
6230
* Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on silicious substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas in Continental Europe)
6240
* Sub-Pannonic steppic grasslands
6250
* Pannonic loess steppic grasslands
6260
* Pannonic sand steppes
6270
* Fennoscandian lowland species-rich dry to mesic grasslands
6280
* Nordic alvar and precambrian calcareous flatrocks
62A0
Eastern sub-Mediterranean dry grasslands ( Scorzoneratalia villosae )
62B0
* Serpentinophilous grassland of Cyprus
62C0
* Ponto-Sarmatic steppes
62D0
Oro-Moesian acidophilous grasslands
63. Sclerophillous grazed forests (dehesas) U.K.
6310
Dehesas with evergreen Quercus spp.
64. Semi-natural tall-herb humid meadows U.K.
6410
Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils ( Molinion caeruleae )
6420
Mediterranean tall humid grasslands of the Molinio-Holoschoenion
6430
Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels
6440
Alluvial meadows of river valleys of the Cnidion dubii
6450
Northern boreal alluvial meadows
6460
Peat grasslands of Troodos
65. Mesophile grasslands U.K.
6510
Lowland hay meadows ( Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis )
6520
Mountain hay meadows
6530
* Fennoscandian wooded meadows
6540
Sub-Mediterranean grasslands of the Molinio-Hordeion secalini
7. RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS U.K.
71. Sphagnum acid bogs U.K.
7110
* Active raised bogs
7120
Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration
7130
Blanket bogs (* if active bog)
7140
Transition mires and quaking bogs
7150
Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion
7160
Fennoscandian mineral-rich springs and springfens
72. Calcareous fens U.K.
7210
* Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae
7220
* Petrifying springs with tufa formation ( Cratoneurion )
7240
* Alpine pioneer formations of the Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae
73. Boreal mires U.K.
8. ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES U.K.
81. Scree U.K.
8110
Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels ( Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani )
8120
Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels ( Thlaspietea rotundifolii )
8130
Western Mediterranean and thermophilous scree
8140
Eastern Mediterranean screes
8150
Medio-European upland siliceous screes
8160
* Medio-European calcareous scree of hill and montane levels
82. Rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation U.K.
8210
Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation
8220
Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation
8230
Siliceous rock with pioneer vegetation of the Sedo-Scleranthion or of the Sedo albi-Veronicion dillenii
8240
* Limestone pavements
83. Other rocky habitats U.K.
8310
Caves not open to the public
8320
Fields of lava and natural excavations
8330
Submerged or partially submerged sea caves
9. FORESTS U.K.
(Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting species of Community interest
90. Forests of Boreal Europe U.K.
9020
* Fennoscandian hemiboreal natural old broad-leaved deciduous forests ( Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Fraxinus or Ulmus ) rich in epiphytes
9030
* Natural forests of primary succession stages of landupheaval coast
9040
Nordic subalpine/subarctic forests with Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii
9050
Fennoscandian herb-rich forests with Picea abies
9060
Coniferous forests on, or connected to, glaciofluvial eskers
9070
Fennoscandian wooded pastures
9080
* Fennoscandian deciduous swamp woods
91. Forests of Temperate Europe U.K.
9110
Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests
9120
Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the shrublayer ( Quercion robori-petraeae or Ilici-Fagenion )
9130
Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests
9140
Medio-European subalpine beech woods with Acer and Rumex arifolius
9150
Medio-European limestone beech forests of the Cephalanthero-Fagion
9160
Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli
9170
Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests
9180
* Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines
9190
Old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains
91A0
Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles
91B0
Thermophilous Fraxinus angustifolia woods
91E0
* Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior ( Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae )
91F0
Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor , Fraxinus excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia , along the great rivers ( Ulmenion minoris )
91G0
* Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus
91H0
* Pannonian woods with Quercus pubescens
91I0
* Euro-Siberian steppic woods with Quercus spp.
91J0
* Taxus baccata woods of the British Isles
91K0
Illyrian Fagus sylvatica forests ( Aremonio-Fagion )
91L0
Illyrian oak-hornbeam forests ( Erythronio-Carpinion )
91M0
Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak — sessile oak forests
91N0
* Pannonic inland sand dune thicket ( Junipero-Populetum albae )
91P0
Holy Cross fir forest ( Abietetum polonicum )
91Q0
Western Carpathian calcicolous Pinus sylvestris forests
91R0
Dinaric dolomite Scots pine forests ( Genisto januensis-Pinetum )
91S0
* Western Pontic beech forests
91T0
Central European lichen Scots pine forests
91U0
Sarmatic steppe pine forest
91V0
Dacian Beech forests ( Symphyto-Fagion )
91W0
Moesian beech forests
91X0
* Dobrogean beech forests
91Y0
Dacian oak & hornbeam forests
91Z0
Moesian silver lime woods
91AA
* Eastern white oak woods
91BA
Moesian silver fir forests
91CA
Rhodopide and Balkan Range Scots pine forests
92. Mediterranean deciduous forests U.K.
9210
* Apeninne beech forests with Taxus and Ilex
9220
* Apennine beech forests with Abies alba and beech forests with Abies nebrodensis
9230
Galicio-Portuguese oak woods with Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica
9240
Quercus faginea and Quercus canariensis Iberian woods
9250
Quercus trojana woods
9260
Castanea sativa woods
9270
Hellenic beech forests with Abies borisii-regis
9280
Quercus frainetto woods
9290
Cupressus forests ( Acero-Cupression )
92A0
Salix alba and Populus alba galleries
92B0
Riparian formations on intermittent Mediterranean water courses with Rhododendron ponticum, Salix and others
92C0
Platanus orientalis and Liquidambar orientalis woods ( Platanion orientalis )
92D0
Southern riparian galleries and thickets ( Nerio-Tamaricetea and Securinegion tinctoriae )
93. Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests U.K.
9310
Aegean Quercus brachyphylla woods
9320
Olea and Ceratonia forests
9330
Quercus suber forests
9340
Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia forests
9350
Quercus macrolepis forests
9360
* Macaronesian laurel forests ( Laurus, Ocotea )
9370
* Palm groves of Phoenix
9380
Forests of Ilex aquifolium
9390
* Scrub and low forest vegetation with Quercus alnifolia
93A0
Woodlands with Quercus infectoria ( Anagyro foetidae-Quercetum infectoriae )
94. Temperate mountainous coniferous forests U.K.
9410
Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels ( Vaccinio-Piceetea )
9420
Alpine Larix decidua and/or Pinus cembra forests
9430
Subalpine and montane Pinus uncinata forests (* if on gypsum or limestone)
95. Mediterranean and Macaronesian mountainous coniferous forests U.K.
9510
* Southern Apennine Abies alba forests
9520
Abies pinsapo forests
9530
* (Sub-) Mediterranean pine forests with endemic black pines
9540
Mediterranean pine forests with endemic Mesogean pines
9550
Canarian endemic pine forests
9560
* Endemic forests with Juniperus spp.
9570
* Tetraclinis articulata forests
9580
* Mediterranean Taxus baccata woods
9590
* Cedrus brevifolia forests ( Cedrosetum brevifoliae )
95A0
High oro-Mediterranean pine forests]