1. 2.1.1.

   Road traffic regulations:

   • in particular as regards road signs, markings and signals, rights of way and speed limits;

2. 2.1.2.

   The driver:

   • importance of alertness and of attitude to other road users,

   • perception, judgement and decision-taking, especially reaction time, as well as changes in driving behaviour due to the influence of alcohol, drugs and medicinal products, state of mind and fatigue;

3. 2.1.3.

   The road:

   • the most important principles concerning the observance of a safe distance between vehicles, braking distances and road holding under various weather and road conditions,

   • driving risk factors related to various road conditions, in particular as they change with the weather and the time of day or night,

   • characteristics of various types of road and the related statutory requirements;

4. 2.1.4.

   Other road users:

   • specific risk factors related to the lack of experience of other road users and the most vulnerable categories of users such as children, pedestrians, cyclists and people whose mobility is reduced,

   • risks involved in the movement and driving of various types of vehicles and of the different fields of view of their drivers;

5. 2.1.5.

   General rules and regulations and other matters:

   • rules concerning the administrative documents required for the use of vehicles,

   • general rules specifying how the driver must behave in the event of an accident (setting warning devices and raising the alarm) and the measures which he can take to assist road accident victims where necessary,

   • safety factors relating to the vehicle, the load and persons carried;

6. 2.1.6.

   Precautions necessary when alighting from the vehicle;

7. 2.1.7.

   Mechanical aspects with a bearing on road safety; applicants must be able to detect the most common faults, in particular in the steering, suspension and braking systems, tyres, lights and direction indicators, reflectors, rear-view mirrors, windscreen and wipers, the exhaust system, seat-belts and the audible warning device;

8. 2.1.8.

   Vehicle safety equipment and, in particular, the use of seat-belts, head restraints and child safety equipment;

9. 2.1.9.

   Rules regarding vehicle use in relation to the environment (appropriate use of audible warning devices, moderate fuel consumption, limitation of pollutant emissions, etc.).

1. 3.1.1.

   Use of protective outfit such as gloves, boots, clothes and safety helmet;

2. 3.1.2.

   Visibility of motorcycle riders for other road users;

3. 3.1.3.

   Risk factors related to various road conditions as laid down above with additional attention to slippery parts such as drain covers, road markings such as lines and arrows, tram rails;

4. 3.1.4.

   Mechanical aspects with a bearing on road safety as laid down above with additional attention to the emergency stop switch, the oil levels and the chain.

1. 4.1.1.

   F2Rules on driving hours and rest periods as defined by Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport8; use of the recording equipment as defined by Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85 on recording equipment in road transport;

2. 4.1.2.

   Rules concerning the type of transport concerned: goods or passengers;

3. 4.1.3.

   Vehicle and transport documents required for the national and international carriage of goods and passengers;

4. 4.1.4.

   How to behave in the event of an accident; knowledge of measures to be taken after an accident or similar occurrence, including emergency action such as evacuation of passengers and basic knowledge of first aid;

5. 4.1.5.

   The precautions to be taken during the removal and replacement of wheels;

6. 4.1.6.

   Rules on vehicle weights and dimensions; rules on speed limiters;

7. 4.1.7.

   Obstruction of the field of view caused by the characteristics of their vehicles;

8. 4.1.8.

   Reading a road map, route planning, including the use of electronic navigation systems (optional);

9. 4.1.9.

   Safety factors relating to vehicle loading: controlling the load (stowing and fastening), difficulties with different kinds of load (e.g. liquids, hanging loads, …), loading and unloading goods and the use of loading equipment (categories C, CE, C1, C1E only);

10. 4.1.10.

    The driver's responsibility in respect to the carriage of passengers; comfort and safety of passengers; transport of children; necessary checks before driving away; all sorts of buses should be part of the theory test (public service buses and coaches, buses with special dimensions, …) (categories D, DE, D1, D1E only).

Member States may exempt applicants to a licence for a category C1 or C1E vehicle outside the scope of Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85 from demonstrating their knowledge of the subjects listed in points 4.1.1 to 4.1.3.

1. 4.2.1.

   The principles of the construction and functioning of: internal combustion engines, fluids (e.g. engine oil, coolant, washer fluid), the fuel system, the electrical system, the ignition system, the transmission system (clutch, gearbox, etc.);

2. 4.2.2.

   Lubrication and antifreeze protection;

3. 4.2.3.

   The principles of the construction, the fitting, correct use and care of tyres;

4. 4.2.4.

   The principles of the types, operation, main parts, connection, use and day-to-day maintenance of brake fittings and speed governors, and use of anti-lock brakes;

5. 4.2.5.

   The principles of the types, operation, main parts, connection, use and day-to-day maintenance of coupling systems (categories CE, DE only);

6. 4.2.6.

   Methods of locating causes of breakdowns;

7. 4.2.7.

   Preventive maintenance of vehicles and necessary running repairs;

8. 4.2.8.

   The driver's responsibility in respect of the receipt, carriage and delivery of goods in accordance with the agreed conditions (categories C, CE only).

Applicants must demonstrate that they are capable of preparing to ride safely by satisfying the following requirements:

1. 6.1.1.

   Adjust the protective outfit, such as gloves, boots, clothes and safety helmet;

2. 6.1.2.

   Perform a random check on the condition of the tyres, brakes, steering, emergency stop switch (if applicable), chain, oil levels, lights, reflectors, direction indicators and audible warning device.

Applicants must perform all the following actions in normal traffic situations, in complete safety and taking all necessary precautions:

1. 6.3.1.

   Riding away: after parking, after a stop in traffic; exiting a driveway;

2. 6.3.2.

   Riding on straight roads; passing oncoming vehicles, including in confined spaces;

3. 6.3.3.

   Riding round bends;

4. 6.3.4.

   Crossroads: approaching and crossing of intersections and junctions;

5. 6.3.5.

   Changing direction: left and right turns; changing lanes;

6. 6.3.6.

   Approach/exit of motorways or similar (if available): joining from the acceleration lane; leaving on the deceleration lane;

7. 6.3.7.

   Overtaking/passing: overtaking other traffic (if possible); riding alongside obstacles, e.g. parked cars; being overtaken by other traffic (if appropriate);

8. 6.3.8.

   Special road features (if available): roundabouts; railway level crossings; tram/bus stops; pedestrian crossings; riding up-/downhill on long slopes;

9. 6.3.9.

   Taking the necessary precautions when getting off the vehicle.

Applicants must demonstrate that they are capable of preparing to drive safely by satisfying the following requirements:

1. 7.1.1.

   Adjusting the seat as necessary to obtain a correct seated position;

2. 7.1.2.

   Adjusting rear-view mirrors, seat belts and head restraints if available;

3. 7.1.3.

   Checking that the doors are closed;

4. 7.1.4.

   Performing a random check on the condition of the tyres, steering, brakes, fluids (e.g. engine oil, coolant, washer fluid), lights, reflectors, direction indicators and audible warning device;

5. 7.1.5.

   Checking the safety factors relating to vehicle loading: body, sheets, cargo doors, cabin locking, way of loading, securing load (category BE only);

6. 7.1.6.

   Checking the coupling mechanism and the brake and electrical connections (category BE only).

A selection of the following manoeuvres shall be tested (at least two manoeuvres for the four points, including one in reverse gear):

1. 7.2.1.

   Reversing in a straight line or reversing right or left round a corner while keeping within the correct traffic lane;

2. 7.2.2.

   Turning the vehicle to face the opposite way, using forward and reverse gears;

3. 7.2.3.

   Parking the vehicle and leaving a parking space (parallel, oblique or right-angle, forwards or in reverse, on the flat, uphill or downhill);

4. 7.2.4.

   Braking accurately to a stop; however, performing an emergency stop is optional.

Applicants must perform all the following actions in normal traffic situations, in complete safety and taking all necessary precautions:

1. 7.4.1.

   Driving away: after parking, after a stop in traffic; exiting a driveway;

2. 7.4.2.

   Driving on straight roads; passing oncoming vehicles, including in confined spaces;

3. 7.4.3.

   Driving round bends;

4. 7.4.4.

   Crossroads: approaching and crossing of intersections and junctions;

5. 7.4.5.

   Changing direction: left and right turns; changing lanes;

6. 7.4.6.

   Approach/exit of motorways or similar (if available): joining from the acceleration lane; leaving on the deceleration lane;

7. 7.4.7.

   Overtaking/passing: overtaking other traffic (if possible); driving alongside obstacles, e.g. parked cars; being overtaken by other traffic (if appropriate);

8. 7.4.8.

   Special road features (if available): roundabouts; railway level crossings; tram/bus stops; pedestrian crossings; driving up-/downhill on long slopes;

9. 7.4.9.

   Taking the necessary precautions when alighting from the vehicle.

Applicants must demonstrate that they are capable of preparing to drive safely by satisfying the following requirements:

1. 8.1.1.

   Adjusting the seat as necessary to obtain a correct seated position;

2. 8.1.2.

   Adjusting rear-view mirrors, seat belts and head restraints if available;

3. 8.1.3.

   Random checks on the condition of the tyres, steering, brakes, lights, reflectors, direction indicators and audible warning device;

4. 8.1.4.

   F2Checking the power-assisted braking and steering systems; checking the condition of the wheels, wheelnuts, mudguards, windscreen, windows and wipers, fluids (e.g. engine oil, coolant, washer fluid); checking and using the instrument panel including the recording equipment as defined in Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85. This latter requirement does not apply to the applicants for a driving licence for a category C1 or C1E vehicle not falling within the scope of this Regulation;

5. 8.1.5.

   Checking the air pressure, air tanks and the suspension;

6. 8.1.6.

   Checking the safety factors relating to vehicle loading: body, sheets, cargo doors, loading mechanism (if available), cabin locking (if available), way of loading, securing load (categories C, CE, C1, C1E only);

7. 8.1.7.

   Checking the coupling mechanism and the brake and electrical connections (categories CE, C1E, DE, D1E only);

8. 8.1.8.

   Being capable of taking special vehicle safety measures; controlling the body, service doors, emergency exits, first aid equipment, fire extinguishers and other safety equipment (categories D, DE, D1, D1E only);

9. 8.1.9.

   Reading a road map, route planning, including the use of electronic navigation systems (optional).

Applicants must perform all the following actions in normal traffic situations, in complete safety and taking all necessary precautions:

1. 8.3.1.

   Driving away: after parking, after a stop in traffic; exiting a driveway;

2. 8.3.2.

   Driving on straight roads; passing oncoming vehicles, including in confined spaces;

3. 8.3.3.

   Driving round bends;

4. 8.3.4.

   Crossroads: approaching and crossing of intersections and junctions;

5. 8.3.5.

   Changing direction: left and right turns; changing lanes;

6. 8.3.6.

   Approach/exit of motorways or similar (if available): joining from the acceleration lane; leaving on the deceleration lane;

7. 8.3.7.

   Overtaking/passing: overtaking other traffic (if possible); driving alongside obstacles, e.g. parked cars; being overtaken by other traffic (if appropriate);

8. 8.3.8.

   Special road features (if available): roundabouts; railway level crossings; tram/bus stops; pedestrian crossings; driving up-/downhill on long slopes;

9. 8.3.9.

   Taking the necessary precautions when alighting from the vehicle.

Driving examiners must be trained to assess correctly the applicants' ability to drive safely. The work of driving examiners must be monitored and supervised, by a body authorised by the Member State, to ensure correct and consistent application of fault assessment in accordance with the standards laid down in this Annex.

During their assessment, driving examiners shall pay special attention to whether an applicant is showing a defensive and social driving behaviour. This should reflect the overall style of driving and the driving examiner should take this into account in the overall picture of the applicant. It includes adapted and determined (safe) driving, taking into account road and weather conditions, taking into account other traffic, taking into account the interests of other road users (particularly the more vulnerable) and anticipation.

1. 9.3.1.

   Controlling the vehicle; taking into account: proper use of safety belts, rear-view mirrors, head restraints; seat; proper use of lights and other equipment; proper use of clutch, gearbox, accelerator, braking systems (including third braking system, if available), steering; controlling the vehicle under different circumstances, at different speeds; steadiness on the road; the weight and dimensions and characteristics of the vehicle; the weight and type of load (categories BE, C, CE, C1, C1E, DE, D1E only); the comfort of the passengers (categories D, DE, D1, D1E only) (no fast acceleration, smoothly driving and no hard braking);

2. 9.3.2.

   F2Driving economically and in a safe and energy-efficient way, taking into account the revolutions per minute, changing gears, braking and accelerating (categories B, BE, C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1, D1E only);

3. 9.3.3.

   Observation: all-round observation; proper use of mirrors; far, middle, near distance vision;

4. 9.3.4.

   Priority/giving way: priority at crossroads, intersections and junctions; giving way at other occasions (e.g. changing direction, changing lanes, special manoeuvres);

5. 9.3.5.

   Correct position on the road: proper position on the road, in lanes, on roundabouts, round bends, suitable for the type and the characteristics of the vehicle; pre-positioning;

6. 9.3.6.

   Keeping distance: keeping adequate distance to the front and the side; keeping adequate distance from other road users;

7. 9.3.7.

   Speed: not exceeding the maximum allowed speed; adapting speed to weather/traffic conditions and where appropriate up to national speed limits; driving at such a speed that stopping within distance of the visible and free road is possible; adapting speed to general speed of same kind of road users;

8. 9.3.8.

   Traffic lights, road signs and other indications: acting correctly at traffic lights; obeying instructions from traffic controllers; acting correctly at road signs (prohibitions or commands); take appropriate action at road markings;

9. 9.3.9.

   Signalling: give signals where necessary, correctly and properly timed; indicating directions correctly; taking appropriate action with regard to all signals made by other road users;

10. 9.3.10.

    Braking and stopping: decelerating in time, braking or stopping according to circumstances; anticipation; using the various braking systems (only for categories C, CE, D, DE); using speed reduction systems other than the brakes (only for categories C, CE, D, DE).