E 968 ERYTHRITOL
Synonyms	Meso-erythritol, tetrahydroxybutane, erythrite
Definition	Obtained by fermentation of carbohydrate source by safe and suitable food grade osmophilic yeasts such as Moniliella pollinis or Trichosporonoides megachilensis, followed by purification and drying
Chemical name	1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol
Einecs	205-737-3
Chemical formula	C4H10O4
Molecular weight	122,12
Assay	Not less than 99 % after drying
Description	White, odourless, non-hygroscopic, heat-stable crystals with a sweetness of approximately 60-80 % that of sucrose.
Identification
A. Solubility	Freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in diethyl ether.
B. Melting range	119-123 °C
Purity
Loss on drying	Not more than 0,2 % (70 °C, six hours, in a vacuum desiccator)
Sulphated ash	Not more than 0,1 %
Reducing substances	Not more than 0,3 % expressed as D-glucose
Ribitol and glycerol	Not more than 0,1 %
Lead	Not more than 0,5 mg/kg

E 954 SACCHARIN AND ITS Na, K AND Ca SALTS
(I) SACCHARIN
Definition
Chemical name	3-Oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo(d)isothiazol-1,1-dioxide
Einecs	201-321-0
Chemical formula	C7H5NO3S
Relative molecular mass	183,18
Assay	Not less than 99 % and not more than 101 % of C7H5NO3S on the anhydrous basis
Description	White crystals or a white crystalline powder, odourless or with a faint, aromatic odour, having a sweet taste, even in very dilute solutions. Approximately between 300 and 500 times as sweet as sucrose
Identification
Solubility	Slightly soluble in water, soluble in basic solutions, sparingly soluble in ethanol
Purity
Loss on drying	Not more than 1 % (105 °C, two hours)
Melting range	226-230 °C
Sulphated ash	Not more than 0,2 % expressed on dry weight basis
Benzoic and salicylic acid	To 10 ml of a 1 in 20 solution, previously acidified with five drops of acetic acid, add three drops of an approximately molar solution of ferric chloride in water. No precipitate or violet colour appears
o-Toluenesulphonamide	Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
p-Toluenesulphonamide	Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Benzoic acid p-sulfonamide	Not more than 25 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Readily carbonisable substances	Absent
Arsenic	Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Selenium	Not more than 30 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Lead	Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis.
(II) SODIUM SACCHARIN
Synonyms	Saccharin, sodium salt of saccharin
Definition
Chemical name	Sodium o-benzosulphimide, sodium salt of 2,3-dihydro-3-oxobenzisosulphonazole, oxobenzisosulphonazole, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one-1,1-dioxide sodium salt dihydrate
Einecs	204-886-1
Chemical formula	C7H4NNaO3S·2H2O
Relative molecular mass	241,19
Assay	Not less than 99 % and not more than 101 % of C7H4NNaO3S on the anhydrous basis
Description	White crystals or a white crystalline efflorescent powder, odourless or with a faint odour, having an intensely sweet taste, even in very dilute solutions. Approximately between 300 and 500 times as sweet as sucrose in dilute solutions
Identification
Solubility	Freely soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol
Purity
Loss on drying	Not more than 15 % (120 °C, four hours)
Benzoic and salicylic acid	To 10 ml of a 1 in 20 solution, previously acidified with five drops of acetic acid, add three drops of an approximately molar solution of ferric chloride in water. No precipitate or violet colour appears
o-Toluenesulphonamide	Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
p-Toluenesulphonamide	Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Benzoic acid p-sulphonamide	Not more than 25 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Readily carbonisable substances	Absent
Arsenic	Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Selenium	Not more than 30 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Lead	Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
(III) CALCIUM SACCHARIN
Synonyms	Saccharin, calcium salt of saccharin
Definition
Chemical name	Calcium o-benzosulphimide, calcium salt of 2,3-dihydro-3-oxobenzisosulfonazole, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one-1,1-dioxide calcium salt hydrate (2:7)
Einecs	229-349-9
Chemical formula	C14H8CaN2O6S2·31/2H2O
Relative molecular mass	467,48
Assay	Not less than 95 % of C14H8CaN2O6S2 on the anhydrous basis
Description	White crystals or a white crystalline powder, odourless or with a faint odour, having an intensely sweet taste, even in very dilute solutions. Approximately between 300 and 500 times as sweet as sucrose in dilute solutions
Identification
Solubility	Freely soluble in water, soluble in ethanol
Purity
Loss on drying	Not more than 13,5 % (120 °C, four hours)
Benzoic and salicylic acid	To 10 ml of a 1 in 20 solution, previously acidified with five drops of acetic acid, add three drops of an approximately molar solution of ferric chloride in water. No precipitate or violet colour appears
o-Toluenesulphonamide	Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
p-Toluenesulphonamide	Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Benzoic acid p-sulphonamide	Not more than 25 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Readily carbonisable substances	Absent
Arsenic	Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Selenium	Not more than 30 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Lead	Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
(IV) POTASSIUM SACCHARIN
Synonyms	Saccharin, potassium salt of saccharin
Definition
Chemical name	Potassium o-benzosulphimide, potassium salt of 2,3-dihydro-3-oxobenzisosulphonazole, potassium salt of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one-1,1-dioxide monohydrate
Einecs
Chemical formula	C7H4KNO3S·H2O
Relative molecular mass	239,77
Assay	Not less than 99 % and not more than 101 % of C7H4KNO3S on the anhydrous basis
Description	White crystals or a white crystalline powder, odourless or with a faint odour, having an intensely sweet taste, even in very dilute solutions. Approximately between 300 and 500 times as sweet as sucrose
Identification
Solubility	Freely soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol
Purity
Loss on drying	Not more than 8 % (120 °C, four hours)
Benzoic and salicylic acid	To 10 ml of a 1 in 20 solution, previously acidified with five drops of acetic acid, add three drops of an approximately molar solution of ferric chloride in water. No precipitate or violet colour appears
o-Toluenesulphonamide	Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
p-Toluenesulphonamide	Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Benzoic acid p-sulphonamide	Not more than 25 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Readily carbonisable substances	Absent
Arsenic	Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Selenium	Not more than 30 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Lead	Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

E 955 SUCRALOSE
Synonyms	4,1′,6′-Trichlorogalactosucrose
Definition
Chemical name	1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside
Einecs	259-952-2
Chemical formula	C12H19Cl3O8
Molecular weight	397,64
Assay	Content not less than 98 % and not more than 102 % of C12H19Cl3O8 calculated on an anhydrous basis.
Description	White to off-white, practically odourless crystalline powder.
Identification
A. Solubility	Freely soluble in water, methanol and ethanol Slightly soluble in ethyl acetate
B. Infrared absorption	The infrared spectrum of a potassium bromide dispersion of the sample exhibits relative maxima at similar wave numbers as those shown in the reference spectrum obtained using a sucralose reference standard
C. Thin layer chromatography	The main spot in the test solution has the same Rf value as that of the main spot of standard solution A referred to in the test for other chlorinated disaccharides. This standard solution is obtained by dissolving 1,0 g of sucralose reference standard in 10 ml of methanol
D. Specific rotation	[α]D20 = + 84,0° to + 87,5° calculated on the anhydrous basis (10 % w/v solution)
Purity
Water	Not more than 2,0 % (Karl Fischer method)
Sulphated ash	Not more than 0,7 %
Other chlorinated disaccharides	Not more than 0,5 %
Chlorinated monosaccharides	Not more than 0,1 %
Triphenylphosphine oxide	Not more than 150 mg/kg
Methanol	Not more than 0,1 %
Lead	Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 962 SALT OF ASPARTAME-ACESULFAME
Synonyms	Aspartame-acesulfame, aspartame-acesulfame salt
Definition	The salt is prepared by heating an approximately 2:1 ratio (w/w) of aspartame and acesulfame K in solution at acidic pH and allowing crystallisation to occur. The potassium and moisture are eliminated. The product is more stable than aspartame alone
Chemical name	6-Methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazine-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide salt of L-phenylalanyl-2-methyl-L-α-aspartic acid
Chemical formula	C18H23O9N3S
Molecular weight	457,46
Assay	63,0 % to 66,0 % aspartame (dry basis) and 34,0 % to 37 % acesulfame (acid form on a dry basis)
Description	A white, odourless, crystalline powder
Identification
A. Solubility	Sparingly soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol
B. Transmittance	The transmittance of a 1 % solution in water determined in a 1 cm cell at 430 nm with a suitable spectrophotometer using water as a reference, is not less than 0,95, equivalent to an absorbance of not more than approximately 0,022
C. Specific rotation	[α]D20 = + 14,5° to + 16,5° Determine at concentration of 6,2 g in 100 ml formic acid (15N) within 30 min of preparation of the solution. Divide the calculated specific rotation by 0,646 to correct for the aspartame content of the salt of aspartame-acesulfame
Purity
Loss on drying	Not more than 0,5 % (105 °C, four hours)
5-Benzyl-3,6-dioxo-2-piperazineacetic acid	Not more than 0,5 %
Lead	Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 965 (i) MALTITOL
Synonyms	D-Maltitol, hydrogenated maltose
Definition
Chemical name	(α)-D-Glucopyranosyl-1,4-D-glucitol
Einecs	209-567-0
Chemical formula	C12H24O11
Relative molecular mass	344,31
Assay	Content not less than 98 % of D-maltitol C12H24O11 on the anhydrous basis
Description	Sweet tasting, white crystalline powder
Identification
A. Solubility	Very soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol
B. Melting range	148 to 151 °C
C. Specific rotation	[α]D20 = + 105,5° to + 108,5° (5 % w/v solution)
Purity
Water	Not more than 1 % (Karl Fischer method)
Sulphated ash	Not more than 0,1 % expressed on dry weight basis
Reducing sugars	Not more than 0,1 % expressed as glucose on dry weight basis
Chlorides	Not more than 50 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Sulphates	Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Nickel	Not more than 2 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Arsenic	Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Lead	Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis

E 965 (ii) MALTITOL SYRUP
Synonyms	Hydrogenated high-maltose glucose syrup, hydrogenated glucose syrup
Definition	A mixture consisting of mainly maltitol with sorbitol and hydrogenated oligo- and polysaccharides. It is manufactured by the catalytic hydrogenation of high maltose-content glucose syrup or by the hydrogenation of its individual components followed by blending. The article of commerce is supplied both as a syrup and as a solid product
Assay	Content not less than 99 % of total hydrogenated saccharides on the anhydrous basis and not less than 50 % of maltitol on the anhydrous basis
Description	Colourless and odourless, clear viscous liquids or white crystalline masses
Identification
A. Solubility	Very soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol
B. Thin layer chromatography	Passes test
Purity
Water	Not more than 31 % (Karl Fischer)
Reducing sugars	Not more than 0,3 % (as glucose)
Sulphated ash	Not more than 0,1 %
Chlorides	Not more than 50 mg/kg
Sulphate	Not more than 100 mg/kg
Nickel	Not more than 2 mg/kg
Lead	Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 966 LACTITOL
Synonyms	Lactit, lactositol, lactobiosit
Definition
Chemical name	4-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-glucitol
Einecs	209-566-5
Chemical formula	C12H24O11
Relative molecular mass	344,32
Assay	Not less than 95 % on the dry weight basis
Description	Sweet-tasting crystalline powders or colourless solutions. Crystalline products occur in anhydrous, monohydrate and dihydrate forms
Identification
A. Solubility	Very soluble in water
B. Specific rotation	[α]D20 = + 13° to + 16° calculated on the anhydrous basis (10 % w/v aqueous solution)
Purity
Water	Crystalline products; not more than 10,5 % (Karl Fischer method)
Other polyols	Not more than 2,5 % on the anhydrous basis
Reducing sugars	Not more than 0,2 % expressed as glucose on dry weight basis
Chlorides	Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Sulphates	Not more than 200 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Sulphated ash	Not more than 0,1 % expressed on dry weight basis
Nickel	Not more than 2 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Arsenic	Not more than 3 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis
Lead	Not more than 1 mg/kg expressed on dry weight basis