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Commission Directive 2008/84/EC (repealed)Show full title

Commission Directive 2008/84/EC of 27 August 2008 laying down specific purity criteria on food additives other than colours and sweeteners (Text with EEA relevance) (Codified version) (repealed)

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E 445 GLYCEROL ESTERS OF WOOD ROSIN

SynonymsEster gum
DefinitionA complex mixture of tri- and diglycerol esters of resin acids from wood rosin. The rosin is obtained by the solvent extraction of aged pine stumps followed by a liquid-liquid solvent refining process. Excluded from these specifications are substances derived from gum rosin, and exudate of living pine trees, and substances derived from tall oil rosin, a by-product of kraft (paper) pulp processing. The final product is composed of approximately 90 % resin acids and 10 % neutrals (non-acidic compounds). The resin acid fraction is a complex mixture of isomeric diterpenoid monocarboxylic acids having the empirical molecular formula of C20H30O2, chiefly abietic acid. The substance is purified by steam stripping or by countercurrent steam distillation
DescriptionHard, yellow to pale amber-coloured solid
Identification
A.Solubility
Insoluble in water, soluble in acetone
B.Infrared absorption spectrum
Characteristic of the compound
Purity
Specific gravity of solution[d]20 25 not less than 0,935 when determined in a 50 % solution in d-limonene (97 %, boilding point 175,5-176 oC, d20 4: 0,84)
Ring and ball softening rangeBetween 82 oC and 90 oC
Acid valueNot less than 3 and not more than 9
Hydroxyl valueNot less than 15 and not more than 45
ArsenicNot more than 3 mg/kg
LeadNot more than 2 mg/kg
MercuryNot more than 1 mg/kg
CadmiumNot more than 1 mg/kg
Heavy metals (as Pb)Not more than 10 mg/kg
Test for absence of tall oil rosin (sulphur test)When sulphur-containing organic compounds are heated in the presence of sodium formate, the sulphur is converted to hydrogen sulphide which can readily be detected by the use of lead acetate paper. A positive test indicates the use of tall oil rosin instead of wood rosin

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