For the purposes of this Directive the following definitions shall apply:
with regard to the installation of lighting and light-signalling devices, means vehicles which do not differ in such essential respects as:
the following are, likewise, considered not to be ‘vehicles of a different type’:
means a vertical plane perpendicular to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle;
means the vehicle without a driver, passenger or load, but with a full complement of fuel and its normal on-board tool kit;
means a component or combination of components used in order to perform one or several functions;
means a device designed to illuminate the road or to emit a light signal to other road users. Rear registration-plate lamps and retro-reflectors are likewise regarded as lamps;
means a device or part of a device, having one function and one illuminating surface and one or more light sources. For the purpose of installation on a vehicle, a ‘single lamp’ also means any assembly of two independent or grouped lamps, whether identical or not, having the same function, if they are installed such that the projections of the illuminating surfaces of the lamps on a given transverse plane occupy not less than 60 % of the smallest rectangle circumscribing the projections of the said illuminating surfaces.
In such a case, each of these lamps is, where approval is required, to be approved as a type ‘D’ lamp;
means lamps having the same function and authorised in the country in which the vehicle is registered; such lamps may have different characteristics from those installed on the vehicle when it is approved on condition that they satisfy the requirements of this Annex;
means lamps having separate illuminating surfaces, light sources and lamp bodies;
means lamps having separate illuminating surfaces and light sources, but a common lamp body;
means lamps having separate illuminating surfaces but a common light source and a common lamp body;
means devices having separate light sources or a single light source operating under different conditions (e.g. optical, mechanical or electrical differences), totally or partially common illuminating surfaces and a common lamp body;
means the lamp used to illuminate the road over a long distance ahead of the vehicle;
means the lamp used to illuminate the road ahead of the vehicle without causing undue dazzle or discomfort to oncoming drivers or to other road users;
means the lamp used to indicate to other road users that the driver intends to change direction to the right or the left;
means the lamp used to indicate to other road users to the rear of the vehicle that the latter’s driver is applying the service brake;
means the lamp used to indicate the presence of the vehicle when viewed from the front;
means the lamp used to indicate the presence of the vehicle when viewed from the rear;
means the lamp used to improve the illumination of the road in case of fog, snowfall, rainstorms or dust clouds;
means the lamp used to render the vehicle more readily visible from the rear in dense fog;
means the lamp used to illuminate the road to the rear of the vehicle and to warn other road users that the vehicle is reversing or about to reverse;
means the simultaneous operation of all of a vehicle’s direction indicator lamps to draw attention to the fact that the vehicle temporarily constitutes a special danger to other road users;
means the device used to illuminate the space intended to accommodate the rear registration plate; it may consist of several optical elements;
means the device used to indicate the presence of a vehicle by the reflection of light emanating from a light source not connected to the vehicle, the observer being situated near that source; for the purposes of this Annex retro-reflecting number plates are not considered to be retro-reflectors;
means all or part of the exterior surface of the translucent material as declared in the request for approval by the manufacturer of the device on the drawing (see Appendix 1);
means the orthogonal projection of the full aperture of the reflector or in the case of headlamps with an ellipsoidal reflector of the projection lens, on a transverse plane. If the lighting device has no reflector, the definition of point 6.3 is applied. If the light-emitting surface of the lamp extends over part only of the full aperture of the reflector, then the projection of that part only is taken into account. In the case of a dipped-beam headlamp, the illuminating surface is limited by the apparent trace of the cut-off on to the lens. If the reflector and lens are adjustable relative to one another, the mean adjustment is used;
means the orthogonal projection of the lamp in a plane perpendicular to its axis of reference and in contact with the exterior light-emitting surface of the lamp, this projection being bounded by the edges of screens situated in this plane, each allowing only 98 % of the total luminous intensity of the light to persist in the direction of the axis of reference; to determine the lower, upper and lateral limits of the illuminating surface, only screens with horizontal or vertical edges are used;
means the orthogonal projection of a retro-reflector in a plane perpendicular to its axis of reference and bounded by planes touching the outer edges of the light projection surface of the retro-reflector and parallel to this axis. To determine the lower, upper and lateral limits of the illuminating surface, only horizontal and vertical planes are used;
for a defined direction of observation means, at the request of the manufacturer or his duly accredited representative, the orthogonal projection of either:
the boundary of the illuminating surface projected on the exterior surface of the lens (a-b), or
the light-emitting surface (c-d),
in a plane perpendicular to the direction of observation and tangential to the most exterior point of the lens (see drawings at Appendix 1);
means the characteristic axis of the lamp, determined by the manufacturer (of the lamp) for use as the direction of reference (H = 0°, V = 0°) for angles of field for photometric measurements and when fitting the lamp on the vehicle;
means the intersection of the axis of reference with the light-emitting surface, the centre of reference being specified by the lamp manufacturer;
means the angles which determine the field of the minimum solid angle in which the apparent surface of the lamp must be visible. That field is determined by the segments of the sphere of which the centre coincides with the centre of reference of the lamp and the equator is parallel with the ground. These segments are determined in relation to the axis of reference. The horizontal angles β correspond to the longitude and the vertical angles α to the latitude. There must be no obstacle on the inside of the angles of geometric visibility to the propagation of light from any part of the apparent surface of the lamp observed from infinity.
If measurements are taken closer to the lamp, there must be a parallel shift in the direction of observation to achieve the same accuracy. No account is taken of obstacles on the inside of the angles of geometric visibility, if they were already present when the lamp was type-approved.
If, when the lamp is installed, any part of the apparent surface of the lamp is hidden by any further parts of the vehicle, proof must be furnished that the part of the lamp not hidden by obstacles still conforms to the photometric values prescribed for the approval of the device as an optical unit (see Appendix 1);
on either side of the vehicle means the plane parallel to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle and coinciding with its lateral outer edge, disregarding the projection(s) of:
means the distance between the two vertical planes defined in point 11;
means the distance between the orthogonal projections, in a plane perpendicular to the axes of reference, of the outlines of the two illuminating surfaces as defined, according to the case, in point 6;
means the telltale showing whether a device that has been actuated is operating correctly or not;
means a telltale showing that a device has been switched on but not showing whether it is operating correctly or not.