For the purposes of this Directive, and in addition to the definitions already contained in Directive 98/70/EC, the following definitions apply:
‘upstream emissions’ means all greenhouse gas emissions occurring prior to the raw material entering a refinery or a processing plant where the fuel, as referred to in Annex I, was produced;
‘natural bitumen’ means any source of refinery raw material that:
has an American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of 10 degrees or less when situated in a reservoir formation at the place of extraction as defined pursuant to the testing method of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)(1) D287;
has an annual average viscosity at reservoir temperature greater than that calculated by the equation: Viscosity (Centipoise) = 518,98e-0,038T, where T is the temperature in Celsius;
falls within the definition for tar sands under combined nomenclature (CN) code 2714 as outlined in Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87(2); and
where the mobilisation of the source of the raw material is achieved by mining extraction or thermally enhanced gravity drainage where the thermal energy is mainly derived from sources other than the feedstock source itself;
‘oil shale’ means any source of refinery raw material as situated in a rock formation containing solid kerogen and falling within the definition for oil shale under CN code 2714 as outlined in Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87. Mobilisation of the source of the raw material is achieved by mining extraction or thermally enhanced gravity drainage;
‘fuel baseline standard’ means a fuel baseline standard based on the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy from fossil fuels in 2010;
‘conventional crude’ means any refinery raw material exhibiting an API gravity that is higher than 10 degrees when situated in a reservoir formation at its place of origin as measured per testing method ASTM D287, and not falling within the definition for CN code 2714 as set out in Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87.
American Society for Testing and Materials: http://www.astm.org/index.shtml
Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 of 23 July 1987 on the tariff and statistical nomenclature and on the Common Customs Tariff (OJ L 256, 7.9.1987, p. 1).