Member States may continue to apply bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements between themselves on exchange of information between competent authorities that are in force on 24 May 2016, in so far as such agreements or arrangements are compatible with this Directive.

This Directive is without prejudice to the applicability of Directive 95/46/EC to the processing of personal data by air carriers.

This Directive is without prejudice to any obligations and commitments of Member States or of the Union by virtue of bilateral or multilateral agreements with third countries.