Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 of 26 June 1990 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (repealed) (c. 2377)

[F1 ANNEX II U.K. LIST OF SUBSTANCES NOT SUBJECT TO MAXIMUM RESIDUE LIMITS

Textual Amendments

F1 Substituted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 508/1999 of 4 March 1999 amending Annexes I to IV to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin.

2. Organic compounds U.K.

a [F2 Only for intravaginal therapeutic or zootechnical use and in accordance with the provisions of Directive 96/22/EC.
b [F3 For oral use only.]
c [F4 For oral use; not for use in animals from which milk is produced for human consumption.]
d [F5 For inhalation use only.] ] ]
Pharmacologically active substance(s)	Animal species	Other provisions
17β-Oestradiol	All mammalian food-producing species	For therapeutic and zootechnical uses only
2-Aminoethanol	All food-producing species
2-Aminoethyl dihydrogenphosphate	All food-producing species
2-Pyrrolidone	All food-producing species	At parenteral doses up to 40 mg/kg bw
8-Hydroxyquinoline	All mammalian food-producing species	For topical use in newborn animals only
Acetyl cysteine	All food-producing species
Alfacalcidol	Bovine	For parturient cows only
Alfaprostol	Rabbits Bovine, porcine, equidae
Bacitracin	Bovine	For intramammary use in lactating cows only and for all tissues except milk
Benzalkonium chloride	All food-producing species	For use as an excipient at concentrations up to 0,05 % only
Benzocaine	All food-producing species	For use as local anaesthetic only
Benzylalcohol	All food-producing species	For use as excipient
Betaine	All food-producing species
Bronopol	Salmonidae	For use only on farmed fertilised eggs
Brotizolam	Bovine	For therapeutic uses only
Buserelin	All food-producing species
Butorphanol tartrate	Equidae	For intravenous administration only
Butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate	All food-producing species
Butylscopolaminium bromide	All food-producing species
Caffeine	All food-producing species
Carbetocin	All mammalian food-producing species
Cefazolin	Bovine Ovine, caprine	For intramammary use, except if the udder may be used as food for human consumption
Cetostearyl alcohol	All food-producing species
Cetrimide	All food-producing species
Chlorhexidine	All food-producing species	For topical use only
Chlorocresol	All food-producing species
Clazuril	Pigeon
Cloprostenol	Bovine, porcine, equidae
Coco alkyl dimethyl betaines	All food-producing species	For use as excipient
Corticotropin	All food-producing species
D-Phe 6 -luteinising-hormone releasing hormone	All food-producing species
Dembrexine	Equidae
Denaverine hydrochloride	Bovine
Detomidine	Bovine, equidae	For therapeutic uses only
[F6 Diclazuril	All ruminants b Porcine b	]
Diethyl phtalate	All food-producing species
Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether	Bovine, porcine
Dimanganese trioxide	All food-producing species	For oral use only
Dimethyl phtalate	All food-producing species
Dinoprost	All mammalian food-producing species
Dinoprost tromethamine	All mammalian food-producing species
Diprophylline	All food-producing species
Etamiphylline camsylate	All food-producing species
Ethanol	All food-producing species	For use as excipient
Ethyl lactate	All food-producing species
Etiproston tromethamine	Bovine, porcine
Fertirelin acetate	Bovine
Flumethrin	Bees (honey)
Folic acid	All food-producing species
Glycerol formal	All food-producing species
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone	All food-producing species
Heptaminol	All food-producing species
Hesperidin	Equidae
Hesperidin methyl chalcone	Equidae
Hexetidine	Equidae	For topical use only
Human chorion gonadotrophin	All food-producing species
Human menopausal urinary gonadotrophin	Bovine
Hydrocortisone	All food-producing species	For topical use only
Iodine organic compounds Iodoform	All food-producing species
Isobutane	All food-producing species
Isoflurane	Equidae	For use as anaesthetic only
Isoxsuprine	Bovine, equidae	For therapeutic use only in accordance with Council Directive 96/22/EEC ( OJ L 125, 23.5.1996, p. 3 )
Ketamine	All food-producing species
Ketanserin tartrate	Equidae
Ketoprofen	Bovine, porcine, equidae
L-tartaric acid and its mono- and di-basic salt of sodium, potassium and calcium	All food-producing species	For use as excipient
Lactic acid	All food-producing species
Lecirelin	Bovine, equidae, rabbits
Lobeline	All food-producing species
Luprostiol	All mammalian species
Malic acid	All food-producing species	For use as excipient
Manganese carbonate	All food-producing species	For oral use only
Manganese chloride	All food-producing species	For oral use only
Manganese gluconate	All food-producing species	For oral use only
Manganese glycerophosphate	All food-producing species	For oral use only
Manganese oxide	All food-producing species	For oral use only
Manganese pidolate	All food-producing species	For oral use only
Manganese ribonucleate	All food-producing species	For oral use only
Manganese sulphate	All food-producing species	For oral use only
Mecillinam	Bovine	For intrauterine use only
Medroxyprogesterone acetate	Ovine	For intravaginal use for zootechnical purposes only
Melatonin	Ovine, caprine
Menadione	All food-producing species
Menbutone	Bovine, ovine, caprine, porcine, equidae
Menthol	All food-producing species
Methyl nicotinate	Bovine, equidae	For topical use only
Mineral hydrocarbons, low to high viscosity including microcristalline waxes, approximately C10-C60; aliphatic, branched aliphatic and alicyclic compounds	All food-producing species	Excludes aromatic and unsaturated compounds
N-butane	All food-producing species
N-butanol	All food-producing species	For use as excipient
Natamycin	Bovine, equidae	For topical use only
Neostigmine	All food-producing species
Nicoboxil	Equidae	For topical use only
Nonivamide	Equidae	For topical use only
Oleyloleate	All food-producing species	For topical use only
Oxytocin	All mammalian food-producing species
Pancreatin	All mammalian food-producing species	For topical use only
Papain	All food-producing species
Papaverine	Bovine	Newborn calves only
Peracetic acid	All food-producing species
Phenol	All food-producing species
Phloroglucinol	All food-producing species
Phytomenadione	All food-producing species
Policresulen	All food-producing species	For topical use only
Polyethylene glycol 15 hydroxystearate	All food-producing species	For use as excipient
Polyethylene glycol 7 glyceryl cocoate	All food-producing species	For topical use only
Polyethylene glycol stearates with 8-40 oxyethylene units	All food-producing species	For use as excipient
Polysulphated glycosaminoglycan	Equidae
Praziquantel	Ovine Equidae	For use in non-lactating sheep only
Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin	All food-producing species
Prethcamide (crotethamide and cropropamide)	All mammalian food-producing species
Procaine	All food-producing species
Propane	All food-producing species
Propylene glycol	All food-producing species
Quatresin	All food-producing species	For use as preservative only at concentrations of up to 0,5 %
R-Cloprostenol	Bovine, porcine, equidae
Rifaximin	All mammalian food-producing species Bovine	For topical use only For intramammary use, except if the udder may be used as food for human consumption
Romifidine	Equidae	For therapeutic uses only
Sodium 2-methyl-2-phenoxy-propanoate	Bovine, porcine, caprine, equidae
Sodium benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate	All food-producing species
Sodium butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate	All food-producing species
Sodium cetostearyl sulphate	All food-producing species	For topical use only
Somatosalm	Salmon
Tanninum	All food-producing species
Tau fluvalinate
Terpin hydrate	Bovine, porcine, ovine, caprine
Tetracaine	All food-producing species	For use as anaesthetic only
Theobromine	All food-producing species
Theophylline	All food-producing species
Thiomersal	All food-producing species	For use only as preservatives in multidose vaccines at a concentration not exceeding 0,02 %
Thymol	All food-producing species
Timerfonate	All food-producing species	For use only as preservatives in multidose vaccines at a concentration not exceeding 0,02 %
Trimethylphloroglucinol	All food-producing species
Vitamin D	All food-producing species
Wool alcohols	All food-producing species	For topical use only
[F7 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone	Equidae
Cefacetrile	Bovine	For intramammary use only and for all tissues except milk
Enilconazole	Bovine, equidae	For topical use only
Etamsylate	All food producing species
Strychnine	Bovine	For oral use only at dose to 0,1 mg/kg bw]
[F8 Parconazole	Guinea fowl	]
[F9 Biotin	All food producing species
Bromhexine	Bovine Not for use in animals from which milk is produced for human consumption
	Porcine
	Poultry Not for use in animals from which eggs are produced for human consumption
Mercaptamine hydrochloride	All mammalian food-producing species
Praziquantel	Ovine
Pyrantel embonate	Equidae
Vitamin B1	All food-producing species
Vitamin B12	All food-producing species
Vitamin B2	All food-producing species
Vitamin B3	All food-producing species
Vitamin B5	All food-producing species
Vitamin B6	All food-producing species
Vitamin E	All food-producing species	]
[F10 Tiaprost	Bovine, ovine, porcine, equidae	]
[F11 Apramycin	Porcine, rabbits Ovine Not for use in animals from which milk is produced for human consumption Chicken Not for use in animals from which eggs are produced for human consumption	For oral use only
Azamethiphos	Salmonidae
Doxapram	All mammalian food producing species
Piperonyl butoxide	Bovine, ovine, caprine, equidae	For topical use only
Sulfogaiacol	All food producing species
Vetrabutine hydrochloride	Porcine	]
[F12 Fenpipramide hydrochloride	Equidae	For intravenous use only
Hydrochlorothiazide	Bovine
Levomethadone	Equidae	For intravenous use only
Tricaine mesilate	Fin fish	For water borne use only
Trichlormethiazide	All mammalian food producing species	Not for use in animals from which milk is produced for human consumption
Vincamine	Bovine	For use in newborn animals only]
[F13 Atropine	All food producing species
Cefoperazone	Bovine	For intramammary use in lactating cows only and for all tissues except milk]
[F14 2-aminoethanol glucuronate	All food-producing species
Betaine glucuronate	All food-producing species
Bituminosulfonates, ammonium and sodium salts	All mammalian food-producing species	For topical use only Not for use in animals from which milk is produced for human consumption
Chlorphenamine	All mammalian food-producing species
Humic acids and their sodium salts	All food-producing species	For oral use only
Paracetamol	Porcine	For oral use only
Tosylchloramide sodium	Fin fish	For water-borne use only]
[F15	Bovine	For topical use only]
[F16 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone	All food-producing species
Ergometrine maleate	All mammalian food-producing species	For use in parturient animals only
Jecoris oleum	All food-producing species	For topical use only
Mepivacaine	Equidae	For intra-articular and epidural use as local anaesthetic only
Novobiocin	Bovine	For intrammary use only and for all tissues except milk
Piperazine dihydrochloride	Chicken	For all tissues except eggs
Polyoxyl castor oil with 30 to 40 oxyethylene units	All food-producing species	For use as excipient
Polyoxyl hydrogenated castor oil with 40 to 60 oxyethylene units	All food-producing species	For use as excipient
Xylazine hydrochloride	Bovine, equidae	Not for use in animals from which milk is produced for human consumptiom]
[F17 Butafosfan	Bovine	[F18 For intravenous use only]
Cefalonium	Bovine	For intramammary use and eye treatment only, and for all tissues except milk
Furosemide	Bovine, equidae	For intravenous administration only
Lidocaine	Equidae	For local-regional anaesthesia only]
[F19 3,5-Diiodo-L-thyrosine	All mammalian food-producing species
Levothyroxine	All mammalian food-producing species	]
[F20 Aluminium salicylate, basic	All food producing species except fish For topical use only
Bismuth subnitrate	Bovine	For intramammary use only
Calcium aspartate	All food producing species
Methyl salicylate	All food producing species except fish	For topical use only
Salicylic acid	All food producing species except fish	For topical use only
[F21 Sodium salicylate	Bovine, porcine c	]
Zinc aspartate	All food producing species	]
[F22 Toldimfos	All food producing species	]
[F23 Decoquinate	Bovine, ovine	For oral use only. Not for use in animals from which milk is produced for human consumption
Sodium boroformiate	All food producing species	]
[F24 Thiamylal	All mammalian food producing species	For intravenous administration only
Thiopental sodium	All food-producing species	For intravenous administration only]
[F25 Acetylsalicylic acid	All food producing species except fish	Not for use in animals from which milk or eggs are produced for human consumption
Acetylsalicylic acid DL-lysine	All food producing species except fish	Not for use in animals from which milk or eggs are produced for human consumption
Carbasalate calcium	All food producing species except fish	Not for use in animals from which milk or eggs are produced for human consumption
Sodium acetylsalicylate	All food producing species except fish	Not for use in animals from which milk or eggs are produced for human consumption]
[F26 Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids with alkyl chain lengths ranging from C 9 to C 13 , containing less than 2,5 % of chains longer than C 13	Bovine	For topical use only]
[F27 Amprolium	Poultry	For oral use only
Tiludronic acid, disodium salt	Equidae	For intravenous use only]
[F28 Sorbitan trioleate	All food-producing species	]
[F29 Vitamin A	All food producing species	]
[F30 Ammonium lauryl sulphate	All food-producing species
Bronopol	Fin fish
Calcium pantothenate	All food-producing species	]
[F31 Allantoin	All food producing species	For topical use only
Benzocaine	Salmonidae	]
[F32 Dexpanthenol	All food producing species	]
[F33 Azagly-nafarelin	Salmonidae	Not for use in fish from which eggs are produced for human consumption
Deslorelin acetate	Equidae	]
[F34 Hydroxyethylsalicylate	All food producing species except fish	For topical use only
Xylazine hydrochloride	Bovine, equidae	]
[F35 Omeprazole	Equidae	For oral use only]
[F36 Trichlormethiazide	All mammalian food producing species	]
[F2 Progesterone a	Bovine, ovine, caprine, Equidae (female)	]
[F5 Beclomethasone dipropionate	Equidae d
Cloprostenol	Caprine
R-cloprostenol	Caprine
Sorbitan sesquioleate	All food producing species	]

Textual Amendments

F2 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1873/2003 of 24 October 2003 amending Annex II to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F3 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1101/2004 of 10 June 2004 amending Annexes I and II to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F4 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1875/2004 of 28 October 2004 amending Annexes II and III to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin as regards sodium salicylate and fenvalerate (Text with EEA relevance).

F5 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 2232/2004 of 23 December 2004 amending Annexes I, II and III to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin, as regards altrenogest, beclomethasone dipropionate, cloprostenol, r-cloprostenol, sorbitan sesquioleate and toltrazuril (Text with EEA relevance).

F6 Substituted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1101/2004 of 10 June 2004 amending Annexes I and II to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F7 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 804/1999 of 16 April 1999 amending Annexes I, II and III to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F8 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 953/1999 of 5 May 1999 amending Annexes II and III of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F9 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 997/1999 of 11 May 1999 amending Annexes I, II and III of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F10 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 998/1999 of 11 May 1999 amending Annexes I and II to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F11 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1931/1999 of 9 September 1999 amending Annexes I, II and III of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F12 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1942/1999 of 10 September 1999 amending Annexes I, II and III of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F13 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1943/1999 of 10 September 1999 amending Annexes I, II and III of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F14 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 2393/1999 of 11 November 1999 amending Annexes I, II and III of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F15 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1680/2001 of 22 August 2001 amending Annexes I and II to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F16 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 2593/1999 of 8 December 1999 amending Annexes I, II and III of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F17 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 2728/1999 of 20 December 1999 amending Annexes I, II and III to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F18 Substituted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 2391/2000 of 27 October 2000 amending Annexes I, II and III to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F19 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 2757/1999 of 22 December 1999 amending Annexes I and II of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F20 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1286/2000 of 19 June 2000 amending Annexes I, II and III of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F21 Substituted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1875/2004 of 28 October 2004 amending Annexes II and III to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin as regards sodium salicylate and fenvalerate (Text with EEA relevance).

F22 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1295/2000 of 20 June 2000 amending Annexes II and III to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F23 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 2338/2000 of 20 October 2000 amending Annexes I, II and III to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F24 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 749/2001 of 18 April 2001 amending Annex II to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F25 Substituted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1029/2003 of 16 June 2003 amending Annexes I and II to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F26 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 807/2001 of 25 April 2001 amending Annexes I, II and III to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F27 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1478/2001 of 18 July 2001 amending Annexes I, II and III of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F28 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1815/2001 of 14 September 2001 amending Annexes I, II and III to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F29 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1879/2001 of 26 September 2001 amending Annex II to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F30 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 2162/2001 of 7 November 2001 amending Annexes I, II and III to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F31 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 868/2002 of 24 May 2002 amending Annexes I and II of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F32 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 869/2002 of 24 May 2002 amending Annexes I, II and III to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F33 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1530/2002 of 27 August 2002 amending Annexes I, II and III to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F34 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1752/2002 of 1 October 2002 amending Annexes I and II to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F35 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1937/2002 of 30 October 2002 amending Annexes II and III to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).

F36 Inserted by Commission Regulation (EC) No 61/2003 of 15 January 2003 amending Annexes I and II to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 laying down a Community procedure for the establishment of maximum residue limits of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin (Text with EEA relevance).