they are unable to move independently without pain or to walk unassisted;
they present a severe open wound, or prolapse;
they are pregnant females for whom 90 % or more of the expected gestation period has already passed, or females who have given birth in the previous week;
they are new-born mammals in which the navel has not completely healed;
they are pigs of less than three weeks, lambs of less than one week and calves of less than ten days of age, unless they are transported less than 100 km;
they are dogs and cats of less than eight weeks of age, unless they are accompanied by their mother;
they are cervine animals in velvet.
slightly injured or ill and transport would not cause additional suffering; in cases of doubt, veterinary advice shall be sought;
transported for the purposes of [F1the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986] if the illness or injury is part of a research programme;
transported under veterinary supervision for or following veterinary treatment or diagnosis. However, such transport shall be permitted only where no unnecessary suffering or ill treatment is caused to the animals concerned;
animals that have been submitted to veterinary procedures in relation to farming practices such as dehorning or castration, provided that wounds have completely healed.
Textual Amendments
F1Words in Annex 1 Ch. 1 para. 3(b) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(40)(a); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
avoid injury and suffering and to ensure the safety of the animals;
protect the animals from inclement weather, extreme temperatures and adverse changes in climatic conditions;
be cleaned and disinfected;
prevent the animals escaping or falling out and be able to withstand the stresses of movements;
ensure that air quality and quantity appropriate to the species transported can be maintained;
provide access to the animals to allow them to be inspected and cared for;
present a flooring surface that is anti-slip;
present a flooring surface that minimises the leakage of urine or faeces;
provide a means of lighting sufficient for inspection and care of the animals during transport.
a notice indicating that the animals are wild, timid or dangerous;
written instructions about feeding, watering and any special care required.
Textual Amendments
F2Words in Annex 1 Ch. 2 para. 1.6 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(40)(b); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
on enclosed decks, the vessel is equipped with an appropriate forced ventilation system and it is fitted with an alarm system and an adequate secondary source of power in case of failure;
on open decks, adequate protection from sea water is provided.
appropriate facilities shall be available in order to keep, feed and water the animals outside the means of transport without being tied;
operations shall be supervised by an authorised veterinarian and particular precautions shall be taken to ensure that the welfare of the animals is properly maintained during these operations.
prevent injury and suffering and minimise excitement and distress during animal movements as well as to ensure the safety of the animals. In particular, surfaces shall not be slippery and lateral protections shall be provided so as to prevent animals from escaping;
be cleaned and disinfected.
Ramps shall not be steeper than an angle of 20 degrees, that is 36,4 % to the horizontal for pigs, calves and horses and an angle of 26 degrees 34 minutes, that is 50 % to the horizontal for sheep and cattle other than calves. Where the slope is steeper than 10 degrees, that is 17,6 % to the horizontal, ramps shall be fitted with a system, such as provided by foot battens, which ensure that the animals climb or go down without risks or difficulties;
lifting platforms and upper floors shall have safety barriers so as to prevent animals falling or escaping during loading and unloading operations.
to avoid, or in the case of poultry, rabbits and fur animals, to limit urine and faeces falling on the animals placed underneath;
to ensure stability of the containers;
to ensure that ventilation is not impeded.
strike or kick the animals;
apply pressure to any particularly sensitive part of the body in such a way as to cause them unnecessary pain or suffering;
suspend the animals themselves by mechanical means;
lift or drag the animals by head, ears, horns, legs, tail or fleece, or handle them in such a way as to cause them unnecessary pain or suffering;
use prods or other implements with pointed ends;
knowingly obstruct any animal which is being driven or led through any part where animals are handled.
When animals need to be tied, the ropes, tethers or other means used shall be:
strong enough not to break during normal transport conditions;
such as to allow the animals, if necessary, to lie down and to eat and drink;
designed in such a way as to eliminate any danger of strangulation or injury, and so as to allow animals to be quickly released.
animals of different species;
animals of significantly different sizes or ages;
adult breeding boars or stallions;
sexually mature males from females;
animals with horns from animals without horns;
animals hostile to each other;
tied animals from untied animals.
Textual Amendments
F3Words in Annex 1 Ch. 3 para. 2.2 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(40)(c); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
Textual Amendments
F4Words in Regulation substituted (20.7.2022) by The Animal Welfare (Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/846), regs. 1, 4(2)(a)
40 air changes per hour if the compartment is fully enclosed and the clear height is less or equal to 2,30 meters;
30 air changes per hour if the compartment is fully enclosed and the clear height is more than 2,30 meters;
75 % of the above relevant capacity if the compartment is partially enclosed.
ventilation;
fresh water supply and drainage;
lighting;
fresh water production if necessary.
Livestock vessels or vessels transporting sea containers with domestic Equidae and domestic animals of bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine species, for journeys exceeding 24 hours, shall carry from the time of departure sufficient bedding as well as sufficient feed and water to cover the minimum daily feed and water supply requirements set out in Table 1 for the intended journey plus 25 % or three days' spare supply of bedding, feed and water, whichever is the greater.
a The minimum water supply requirements laid down in the fourth column may be replaced for all species by a water supply of 10 % of the live weight of the animals. | |||
Category | Feed(in % of live weight of animals) | Fresh water (litres per animal)a | |
---|---|---|---|
Fodder | Concentrated feed | ||
Cattle and Equidae | 2 | 1,6 | 45 |
Sheep | 2 | 1,8 | 4 |
Pigs | — | 3 | 10 |
Fodder may be replaced by concentrated feed and vice versa. However, due regard shall be paid to the need of certain categories of animals, to become accustomed to the change of feed with regard to their metabolic needs.
Unweaned calves, lambs, kids and foals which are still on a milk diet and unweaned piglets must, after nine hours of travel, be given a rest period of at least one hour sufficient in particular for them to be given liquid and if necessary fed. After this rest period, they may be transported for a further nine hours;
Pigs may be transported for a maximum period of 24 hours. During the journey, they must have continuous access to water;
Domestic Equidae may be transported for a maximum period of 24 hours. During the journey they must be given liquid and if necessary fed every eight hours;
All other animals of the species referred to in point 1.1. must, after 14 hours of travel, be given a rest period of at least one hour sufficient for them in particular to be given liquid and if necessary fed. After this rest period, they may be transported for a further 14 hours.
Animals must not be transported by sea if the maximum journey time exceeds that laid down in point 1.2, unless the conditions laid down in points 1.3. and 1.4, apart from journey times and rest periods, are met.
In the case of transport by sea on a regular and direct link between two geographical points F5... by means of vehicles loaded on to vessels without unloading of the animals, the latter must be rested for 12 hours after unloading at the port of destination or in its immediate vicinity unless the journey time at sea is such that the voyage can be included in the general scheme of points 1.2. to 1.4.
Textual Amendments
F5Words in Annex 1 Ch. 5 para. 1.7(b) omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(40)(e)(i) (as substituted by S.I. 2020/1590, regs. 1(1)(b)(i), 2(29)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
Textual Amendments
F6Annex 1 Ch. 5 para. 1.9 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(40)(e)(ii) (as substituted by S.I. 2020/1590, regs. 1(1)(b)(i), 2(29)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
12 hours disregarding loading and unloading time; or
24 hours for chicks of all species, provided that it is completed within 72 hours after hatching.
domestic Equidae are older than four months, with the exception of registered Equidae,
calves are older than fourteen days,
pigs are heavier than 10 kgs.
Unbroken horses shall not be transported on long journeys.
Textual Amendments
F7Annex 1 Ch. 6 para. 3.5 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(40)(f)(ii); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
Textual Amendments
F8Words in Annex 1 Ch. 6 para. 4.1 substituted (31.12.2020) by The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(40)(f)(iii); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
Textual Amendments
F9Annex 1 Ch. 6 para. 4.2 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(40)(f)(iv); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
Textual Amendments
F10Annex 1 Ch. 6 para. 4.3 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(40)(f)(iv); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
Space allowances for animals shall comply at least with the following figures:
a The standard useable width of wagons is 2 to 2 m. | |
Adult horses | 1,75 m2 (0,7 × 2,5 m)a |
Young horses (6 — 24 months) (for journeys of up to 48 hours) | 1,2 m2 (0,6 × 2 m) |
Young horses (6 — 24 months) (for journeys over 48 hours) | 2,4 m2 (1,2 × 2 m) |
Ponies (under 144 cm) | 1 m2 (0,6 × 1,8 m) |
Foals (0 — 6 months) | 1,4 m2 (1 × 1,4 m) |
Note: During long journeys, foals and young horses must be able to lie downU.K.
These figures may vary by a maximum of 10 % for adult horses and ponies and by a maximum of 20 % for young horses and foals, depending not only on the horses' weight and size but also on their physical condition, the meteorological conditions and the likely journey time.
Adult horses | 1,75 m2 (0,7 × 2,5 m) |
Young horses (6 — 24 months) (for journeys of up to 48 hours) | 1,2 m2 (0,6 × 2 m) |
Young horses (6 — 24 months) (for journeys over 48 hours) | 2,4 m2 (1,2 × 2 m) |
Ponies (under 144 cm) | 1 m2 (0,6 × 1,8 m) |
Foals (0 — 6 months) | 1,4 m2 (1 × 1,4 m) |
Note: During long journeys, foals and young horses must be able to lie downU.K.
These figures may vary by a maximum of 10 % for adult horses and ponies and by a maximum of 20 % for young horses and foals, depending not only on the horses' weight and size but also on their physical condition, the meteorological conditions and the likely journey time.
Loading density of horses in relation to surface area
0 — 100 kg | 0,42 m2 |
100 — 200 kg | 0,66 m2 |
200 — 300 kg | 0,87 m2 |
300 — 400 kg | 1,04 m2 |
400 — 500 kg | 1,19 m2 |
500 — 600 kg | 1,34 m2 |
600 — 700 kg | 1,51 m2 |
700 — 800 kg | 1,73 m2 |
Live weight in kg | m2/animal |
---|---|
200 — 300 | 0,9 — 1,175 |
300 — 400 | 1,175 — 1,45 |
400 — 500 | 1,45 — 1,725 |
500 — 600 | 1,725 — 2 |
600 — 700 | 2 — 2,25 |
Category | Approximate weight (in kg) | Area in m2/animal |
---|---|---|
Small calves | 50 | 0,3 to 0,4 |
Medium sized calves | 110 | 0,4 to 0,7 |
Heavy calves | 200 | 0,7 to 0,95 |
Medium sized cattle | 325 | 0,95 to 1,3 |
Heavy cattle | 550 | 1,3 to 1,6 |
Very heavy cattle | > 700 | > 1,6 |
These figures may vary, depending not only on the animals' weight and size but also on their physical condition, the meteorological conditions and the likely journey time.
Category | Approximate weight (in kg) | Area in m2/animal |
---|---|---|
Small calves | 50 | 0,3 to 0,4 |
Medium sized calves | 110 | 0,4 to 0,7 |
Heavy calves | 200 | 0,7 to 0,95 |
Medium sized cattle | 325 | 0,95 to 1,3 |
Heavy cattle | 550 | 1,3 to 1,6 |
Very heavy cattle | > 700 | > 1,6 |
These figures may vary, depending not only on the animals' weight and size but also on their physical condition, the meteorological conditions and the likely journey time.
Category | Approximate weight (in kg) | Area in m2/animal |
---|---|---|
Calves | 50 70 | 0,23 0,28 |
Cattle | 300 500 | 0,84 1,27 |
Live weight in kg | m2/animal |
---|---|
200 — 300 | 0,81 — 1,0575 |
300 — 400 | 1,0575 — 1,305 |
400 — 500 | 1,305 — 1,5525 |
500 — 600 | 1,5525 — 1,8 |
600 — 700 | 1,8 — 2,025 |
Pregnant animals must be allowed 10 % more space.
Category | Weight in kg | Area in m2/animal |
---|---|---|
Shorn sheep | < 55 | 0,2 to 0,3 |
> 55 | > 0,3 | |
Unshorn sheep | < 55 | 0,3 to 0,4 |
> 55 | > 0,4 | |
Heavily pregnant ewes | < 55 | 0,4 to 0,5 |
> 55 | > 0,5 | |
Goats | < 35 | 0,2 to 0,3 |
35 to 55 | 0,3 to 0,4 | |
> 55 | 0,4 to 0,75 | |
Heavily pregnant goats | < 55 | 0,4 to 0,5 |
> 55 | > 0,5 |
The surface area indicated above may vary depending on the breed, the size, the physical condition and the length of fleece of the animals, as well as on the meteorological conditions and the journey time.
Category | Weight in kg | Area in m2/animal |
---|---|---|
Shorn sheep and lambs of 26 kg and over | < 55 | 0,2 to 0,3 |
> 55 | > 0,3 | |
Unshorn sheep | < 55 | 0,3 to 0,4 |
> 55 | > 0,4 | |
Heavily pregnant ewes | < 55 | 0,4 to 0,5 |
> 55 | > 0,5 | |
Goats | < 35 | 0,2 to 0,3 |
35 to 55 | 0,3 to 0,4 | |
> 55 | 0,4 to 0,75 | |
Heavily pregnant goats | < 55 | 0,4 to 0,5 |
> 55 | > 0,5 |
The surface area indicated above may vary depending on the breed, the size, the physical condition and the length of fleece of the animals, as well as on the meteorological conditions and the journey time. As an indication: for small lambs, an area of under 0,2 m2 per animal may be provided.
Loading density for sheep and goats in relation to surface area
Average weight (in kg) | Surface area per sheep/goat (in m2) |
---|---|
25 | 0,2 |
50 | 0,3 |
75 | 0,4 |
Live weight in kg | m2/animal |
---|---|
20 — 30 | 0,24 — 0,265 |
30 — 40 | 0,265 — 0,29 |
40 — 50 | 0,29 — 0,315 |
50 — 60 | 0,315 — 0,34 |
60 — 70 | 0,34 — 0,39 |
All pigs must at least be able to lie down and stand up in their natural position.
In order to comply with these minimum requirements, the loading density for pigs of around 100 kg should not exceed 235 kg/m2.
The breed, size and physical condition of the pigs may mean that the minimum required surface area given above has to be increased; a maximum increase of 20 % may also be required depending on the meteorological conditions and the journey time.
The loading density should be relatively high to preclude injury on takeoff or landing or in the event of turbulence, although all animals must still be able to lie down. The climate, total journey time and hour of arrival should be taken into account in deciding on the loading density.
Average weight | Surface area per pig |
---|---|
15 kg | 0,13 m2 |
25 kg | 0,15 m2 |
50 kg | 0,35 m2 |
100 kg | 0,51 m2 |
Live weight in kg | m2/animal |
---|---|
10 or less | 0,2 |
20 | 0,28 |
45 | 0,37 |
70 | 0,6 |
100 | 0,85 |
140 | 0,95 |
180 | 1,1 |
270 | 1,5 |
Minimum floor areas shall be provided as follows:
Category | Area in cm2 |
---|---|
Day-old chicks | 21 — 25 per chick |
Poultry other than day-old chicks: weight in kg | Area in cm2 per kg |
< 1,6 | 180 — 200 |
1,6 to < 3 | 160 |
3 to < 5 | 115 |
> 5 | 105 |
These figures may vary depending not only on the weight and size of the birds but also on their physical condition, the meteorological conditions and the likely journey time.
Section 1 — Planning;
Section 2 — Place of departure;
Section 3 — Place of destination;
Section 4 — Declaration by transporter;
Section 5 — Specimen anomaly report.
The pages of the journey log shall be fastened together.
[F11The Appropriate Minister may publish models for each section.]
Textual Amendments
F11Words in Annex 2 para. 2 substituted (31.12.2020) by The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(40)(a); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
identify each journey log with a distinguishing number;
ensure that a signed copy of Section 1 of the journey log, properly completed except as regards the veterinary–certificate numbers, is received within two working days before the time of departure by [F4the competent authority] of the place of departure in a manner defined by such authority;
comply with any instruction given by [F4the competent authority] under point (a) of Article 14(1);
ensure that the journey log is stamped as required in Article 14(1);
ensure that the journey log accompanies the animals during the journey until the point of destination or, in case of export [F12from Great Britain], at least until the exit point.
Textual Amendments
F12Words in Annex 2 para. 3(e) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(41)(c) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1590, regs. 1(1)(b)(i), 2(30)(a)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
Textual Amendments
F13Words in Annex 2 para. 4 substituted (31.12.2020) by The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(41)(d)(i) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1590, regs. 1(1)(b)(i), 2(30)(b)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F14Word in Regulation omitted (E.W.S.) (20.7.2022) by virtue of The Animal Welfare (Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/846), regs. 1, 4(2)(b)
The journey log shall be made available to [F4the competent authority] upon request.
Textual Amendments
F15Words in Annex 2 para. 5 substituted (31.12.2020) by The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(41)(e)(i) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1590, regs. 1(1)(b)(i), 2(30)(b)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
Textual Amendments
F16Words in Annex 2 para. 6 substituted (31.12.2020) by The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(41)(f); (as amended by S.I. 2020/1590, regs. 1(1)(b)(i), 2(30)(b)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
In the case of export of live bovine animals with refunds, Section 3 of the journey log shall not be required if the agricultural legislation requires a report.
a copy of the completed journey log;
the corresponding record sheet or print out as referred to in Annex I or Annex IB to Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85 if the vehicle is covered by that Regulation.
Documents referred to in points (a) and (b) shall be made available to the F14... competent authority which granted the transporter's authorisation and upon request to the F14... competent authority of the place of departure, within one month after it has been completed and shall be kept by the transporter for a period of at least three years from the date of the check.
Documents referred to in point (a) shall be returned to the F14... competent authority of the place of departure within 1 month after the completion of the journey, unless the systems referred to in Article 6(9) were used. A simplified version of the journey log and guidelines for the presentation of the records referred to in Article 6(9) shall be established F17... when vehicles are equipped with the systems referred to in Article 6(9).
Textual Amendments
F17Words in Annex 2 para. 8 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(41)(g)(ii); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
Textual Amendments
F18Annex 2 Appendix omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(41)(h); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textual Amendments
F19Annex 2A inserted (31.12.2020) by The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(42); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
This Annex lists the retained EU veterinary legislation relevant to this Regulation:
(1)The legislation which transposed the following Directives:
(i)Council Directive 64/432/EEC on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine;
(ii)Council Directive 88/407/EEC laying down the animal health requirements applicable to intra-Community trade in and imports of deep-frozen semen of domestic animals of the bovine species;
(iii)Council Directive 89/556/EEC on animal health conditions governing intra-Community trade in and importation from third countries of embryos of domestic animals of the bovine species;
(iv)Council Directive 90/426/EEC on animal health conditions governing the movement and import from third countries of equidae;
(v)Council Directive 2009/156/EC on animal health conditions governing the movement and importation from third countries of equidae;
(vi)Council Directive 90/539/EEC on animal health conditions governing intra-Community trade in, and imports from third countries of, poultry and hatching eggs;
(vii)Council Directive 2006/88/EC on animal health requirements for aquaculture animals and products thereof, and on the prevention and control of certain diseases in aquatic animals;
(viii)Council Directive 91/68/EEC on animal health conditions governing intra-Community trade in ovine and caprine animals;
(ix)Council Directive 92/65/EEC laying down animal health requirements governing trade in and imports into the Community of animals, semen, ova and embryos not subject to animal health requirements laid down in specific Community rules referred to in Annex A(I)(1) to Directive 90/425/EEC;
(x)Council Directive 92/118/EEC laying down animal health and public health requirements governing trade in and imports into the Community of products not subject to the said requirements laid down in specific Community rules referred to in Annex A (I) to Directive 89/662/EEC and, as regards pathogens, to Directive 90/425/EEC;
(2)The following instruments:
(i)Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2005 on the protection of animals during transport and related operations;
(ii)Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down health rules as regards animal by-products and derived products not intended for human consumption.]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textual Amendments
F20Annex 3 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(43); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
Articles 3 and 4 and Annexes I and II;
animal physiology and in particular drinking and feeding needs, animal behaviour and the concept of stress;
practical aspects of handling of animals;
impact of driving behaviour on the welfare of the transported animals and on the quality of meat;
emergency care for animals;
safety considerations for personnel handling animals.
Textual Amendments
F21Words in Annex 4 para. 2 substituted (31.12.2020) by The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, 3(44)(b); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
Textual Amendments
F22Annex 4 para. 3 inserted by The Animal Welfare (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/802), regs. 1, reg. 3(44)(c) (as inserted by S.I. 2020/1590, regs. 1(1)(b)(i), 2(31)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
The European Convention for the protection of animals during international transport.
International Air Transport Association (IATA) live animals regulations 31st Edition, 1 October 2004.