air law;
aircraft general knowledge;
technical matters related to the category of the aircraft;
flight performance and planning;
human performance and limitations;
meteorology;
navigation;
operational procedures, including resource management;
principles of flight;
communications; and
non-technical skills, including the recognition and management of threats and errors.
pre-flight and in-flight activities, including aircraft performance, mass and balance determination, aircraft inspection and servicing, fuel planning, weather appreciation, route planning, airspace restrictions and runway availability;
aerodrome and traffic-pattern operations;
collision avoidance precautions and procedures;
control of the aircraft by external visual reference;
flight manoeuvres, including in critical situations, and associated ‘upset’ manoeuvres, as technically achievable;
normal and cross-wind take-offs and landings;
flight by reference solely to instruments, as appropriate to the type of activity;
operational procedures, including team skills and resource management, as appropriate to the type of operation, whether single or multi-crew;
navigation and implementation of rules of the air and related procedures, using as appropriate, visual reference or navigation aids;
abnormal and emergency operations, including simulated aircraft equipment malfunctions;
compliance with air traffic services and communications procedures;
aircraft type or class specific aspects;
additional practical skill training that may be required to mitigate risks associated with specific activities; and
non-technical skills, including the recognition and management of threats and errors, using an adequate assessment methodology in conjunction with the technical skills assessment.
operating the aircraft within its limitations;
completing all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;
exercising good judgement and airmanship;
applying aeronautical knowledge;
maintaining control of the aircraft at all times in a manner such that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is assured; and
non-technical skills, including the recognition and management of threats and errors, using an adequate assessment methodology in conjunction with the technical skills assessment.
A pilot must have demonstrated language proficiency to a degree appropriate to the functions exercised on the aircraft. Such demonstrated proficiency shall include:
the ability to understand weather information documents;
the use of aeronautical en-route, departure and approach charts and associated aeronautical information documents; and
the ability to communicate with other flight crew and air navigation services during all phases of flight, including flight preparation.
When a flight simulation training device (FSTD) is used for training, or for demonstration that practical skill is acquired or maintained, this FSTD must be qualified to a given level of performance in those areas, which are relevant to completing the related task. In particular, the replication of configuration, handling qualities, aircraft performance, and systems behaviour must adequately represent the aircraft.
a syllabus must be developed for each type of course; and
the training course must comprise a breakdown of theoretical knowledge and practical flight instruction (including synthetic training), if applicable.
Theoretical instruction must be given by appropriately qualified instructors. They must:
have appropriate knowledge in the field where instruction is to be given; and
be capable of using appropriate instructional techniques.
Flight and flight simulation instruction must be given by appropriately qualified instructors, who have the following qualifications:
meet the theoretical knowledge and the experience requirements appropriate for the instruction being given;
be capable of using appropriate instructional techniques;
have practised instructional techniques in those flight manoeuvres and procedures in which it is intended to provide flight instruction;
have demonstrated the ability to instruct in those areas in which flight instruction is to be given, including pre-flight, post-flight and ground instruction; and
receive regular refresher training to ensure that the instructional standards are maintained up to date.
Flight instructors must also be entitled to act as pilot in command on the aircraft for which instruction is being given, except for training on new aircraft types.
meet the requirements for flight or flight simulation instructors;
be capable of assessing pilot performance and conducting flight tests and checks.
have all the means necessary for the scope of responsibilities associated with their activity. These means comprise, but are not limited to, the following: facilities, personnel, equipment, tools and material, documentation of tasks, responsibilities and procedures, access to relevant data and record-keeping;
implement and maintain a management system relating to safety and the standard of training, and aim for continuous improvement of this system; and
establish arrangements with other relevant organisations, as necessary, to ensure continuing compliance with the above requirements.
Medical fitness, comprising physical and mental fitness, means not suffering from any disease or disability, which makes the pilot unable:
to execute the tasks necessary to operate an aircraft; or
to perform assigned duties at any time; or
to perceive correctly his/her environment.
be qualified and licensed in the practice of medicine;
have received training in aviation medicine and regular refresher training in aviation medicine to ensure that assessment standards are maintained;
have acquired practical knowledge and experience of the conditions in which pilots carry out their duties.
have all the means necessary for the scope of responsibilities associated with their privileges. These means comprise, but are not limited to, the following: facilities, personnel, equipment, tools and material, documentation of tasks, responsibilities and procedures, access to relevant data and record-keeping;
implement and maintain a management system relating to safety and the standard of medical assessment, and aim for continuous improvement of this system;
establish arrangements with other relevant organisations, as necessary, to ensure continuing compliance with these requirements.