ANNEX III Essential requirements for pilot licensing referred to in Article 7

1. Training

1.d. Practical skill

1.d.1. A pilot must acquire and maintain the practical skills as appropriate to exercise his/her functions on the aircraft. Such skills must be proportionate to the risks associated to the type of activity and must cover, if appropriate to the functions exercised on the aircraft, the following:

(i)

pre-flight and in-flight activities, including aircraft performance, mass and balance determination, aircraft inspection and servicing, fuel planning, weather appreciation, route planning, airspace restrictions and runway availability;

(ii)

aerodrome and traffic-pattern operations;

(iii)

collision avoidance precautions and procedures;

(iv)

control of the aircraft by external visual reference;

(v)

flight manoeuvres, including in critical situations, and associated ‘upset’ manoeuvres, as technically achievable;

(vi)

normal and cross-wind take-offs and landings;

(vii)

flight by reference solely to instruments, as appropriate to the type of activity;

(viii)

operational procedures, including team skills and resource management, as appropriate to the type of operation, whether single or multi-crew;

(ix)

navigation and implementation of rules of the air and related procedures, using as appropriate, visual reference or navigation aids;

(x)

abnormal and emergency operations, including simulated aircraft equipment malfunctions;

(xi)

compliance with air traffic services and communications procedures;

(xii)

aircraft type or class specific aspects;

(xiii)

additional practical skill training that may be required to mitigate risks associated with specific activities; and

(xiv)

non-technical skills, including the recognition and management of threats and errors, using an adequate assessment methodology in conjunction with the technical skills assessment.