The requirements for the different categories/functional groups of additives apply.
In principle, tolerance studies for minor species are not required if the additive showed a wide margin of safety (at least a factor of 10) in the relevant physiologically similar major species.
If three major target species (including monogastric and ruminant mammals and poultry) showed a similar and wide margin of safety, no additional tolerance studies would be required for non-physiologically similar minor species (e.g. horses or rabbits). Where tolerance is required, the duration of the studies for minor species (except rabbits) shall be at least 28 days for growing animals and 42 days for adult animals. For rabbits, the following durations apply: rabbits for fattening: 28 days; breeding does: one cycle (from insemination to the end of the weaning period). If rabbits suckling and weaned are applied for, a period of 49 days (beginning one week after birth) would be considered sufficient and must include the does until weaning. For fish (other than salmonidae) a 90-day period is required.
The requirements for the different categories and functional groups of additives apply.
In addition, metabolic studies are not required if the additive is already authorised for use in a species which is physiologically comparable to the minor species for which the authorisation is sought. In the absence of physiological similarity, a comparison of metabolic profile based on in vitro studies (e.g. performed in hepatocytes using labelled compound) is considered sufficient to assess metabolic proximity.
If the minor species is not physiologically similar to a major species, then an indication of the metabolic fate of the additive shall be obtained in the minor species.
Only marker residue quantification in edible tissues and products is needed when metabolic proximity is given or demonstrated. In all other cases, subsection 3.2.1.2 of Annex II fully applies.
Proposal for Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs)
Setting of MRLs can be done by assuming that no significant differences in the content of residues occur in the edible tissues of minor species compared to a similar major species.
MRLs can be extrapolated within classes of animals as follows:
from major growing ruminants to all growing ruminants;
from milk of dairy cows to milk of other dairy ruminants;
from pigs to all monogastric mammals, excluding horses;
from chickens or turkeys to other poultry;
from laying hens to other laying birds; and
from Salmonidae to all fin fish.
MRLs for horses could be extrapolated when MRLs for a major ruminant and a major monogastric mammal exist.
If identical MRLs were derived in cattle (or sheep), pigs and chicken (or poultry), which represent major species with different metabolic capacities and tissue composition, the same MRLs can also be set for ovine, equidae and rabbits, which means an extrapolation is considered possible to all food-producing animals except fish. Considering the Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP) guideline(1) on the establishment of MRLs for Salmonidae and other finfish, which already allows an extrapolation from MRLs in muscle of a major species to Salmonidae and other finfish provided that the parent substances is acceptable as marker residue for the MRL in muscle and skin, MRLs can be extrapolated to all-food-producing animals.
Analytical methods shall be available for monitoring residues in edible tissue and products of all food-producing animals.
The whole of subsection 3.3 of Annex II applies.
Environmental risk assessment can be extrapolated from the assessment performed for the physiologically comparable major species. For additives intended to be used in rabbits, the whole section applies taking into consideration the requirements for each category/functional group of additives.
Note for guidance of the establishment of maximum residue limits for Salmonidae and other fin fish. The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit. EMEA/CVMP/153b/97-FINAL.