General. The privileges of the holder of an LAPL are to act without remuneration as PIC in non-commercial operations on the appropriate aircraft category.

Conditions. Applicants for the LAPL shall have fulfilled the requirements for the relevant aircraft category and, when applicable, for the class or type of aircraft used in the skill test.

Applicants for an LAPL who have held another licence in the same category of aircraft shall be fully credited towards the requirements of the LAPL in that category of aircraft.

Without prejudice to the paragraph above, if the licence has lapsed, the applicant shall have to pass a skill test in accordance with FCL.125 for the issue of an LAPL in the appropriate aircraft category.

Applicants for an LAPL shall demonstrate through the completion of a skill test the ability to perform, as PIC on the appropriate aircraft category, the relevant procedures and manoeuvres with competency appropriate to the privileges granted.

Applicants for the skill test shall have received flight instruction on the same class or type of aircraft to be used for the skill test. The privileges will be restricted to the class or type used for the skill test until further extensions are endorsed on the licence, in accordance with this Subpart.

The privileges of the holder of an LAPL for aeroplanes are to act as PIC on single-engine piston aeroplanes-land or TMG with a maximum certificated take-off mass of 2 000 kg or less, carrying a maximum of 3 passengers, such that there are never more than 4 persons on board of the aircraft.

Holders of an LAPL(A) shall only carry passengers after they have completed, after the issuance of the licence, 10 hours of flight time as PIC on aeroplanes or TMG.

Applicants for an LAPL(A) shall have completed at least 30 hours of flight instruction on aeroplanes or TMGs, including at least:

1. (1)

   15 hours of dual flight instruction in the class in which the skill test will be taken;

2. (2)

   6 hours of supervised solo flight time, including at least 3 hours of solo cross-country flight time with at least 1 cross-country flight of at least 150 km (80 NM), during which 1 full stop landing at an aerodrome different from the aerodrome of departure shall be made.

Specific requirements for applicants holding an LAPL(S) with TMG extension. Applicants for an LAPL(A) holding an LAPL(S) with TMG extension shall have completed at least 21 hours of flight time on TMGs after the endorsement of the TMG extension and complied with the requirements of FCL.135.A(a) on aeroplanes.

Crediting. Applicants with prior experience as PIC may be credited towards the requirements in (a).

The amount of credit shall be decided by the ATO where the pilot undergoes the training course, on the basis of a pre-entry flight test, but shall in any case:

1. (1)

   not exceed the total flight time as PIC;

2. (2)

   not exceed 50 % of the hours required in (a);

3. (3)

   not include the requirements of (a)(2).

The privileges of an LAPL(A) shall be limited to the class and variant of aeroplanes or TMG in which the skill test was taken. This limitation may be removed when the pilot has completed in another class the requirements below:

1. (1)

   3 hours of flight instruction, including:

   1. (i)

      10 dual take-offs and landings; and

   2. (ii)

      10 supervised solo take-offs and landings.

2. (2)

   a skill test to demonstrate an adequate level of practical skill in the new class. During this skill test, the applicant shall also demonstrate to the examiner an adequate level of theoretical knowledge for the other class in the following subjects:

   1. (i)

      Operational procedures;

   2. (ii)

      Flight performance and planning;

   3. (iii)

      Aircraft general knowledge.

Before the holder of an LAPL can exercise the privileges of the licence on another variant of aeroplane than the one used for the skill test, the pilot shall undertake differences or familiarisation training. The differences training shall be entered in the pilot’s logbook or equivalent document and signed by the instructor.

Holders of an LAPL(A) shall only exercise the privileges of their licence when they have completed, in the last 24 months, as pilots of aeroplanes or TMG:

1. (1)

   at least 12 hours of flight time as PIC, including 12 take-offs and landings; and

2. (2)

   refresher training of at least 1 hour of total flight time with an instructor.

Holders of an LAPL(A) who do not comply with the requirements in (a) shall:

1. (1)

   undertake a proficiency check with an examiner before they resume the exercise of the privileges of their licence; or

2. (2)

   perform the additional flight time or take-offs and landings, flying dual or solo under the supervision of an instructor, in order to fulfil the requirements in (a).

Applicants for the LAPL(H) shall have completed 40 hours of flight instruction on helicopters. At least 35 hours of which shall be flown on the type of helicopter that is to be used for the skill test. The flight instruction shall include at least:

1. (1)

   20 hours of dual flight instruction; and

2. (2)

   10 hours of supervised solo flight time, including at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time with at least 1 cross-country flight of at least 150 km (80 NM), during which one full stop landing at an aerodrome different from the aerodrome of departure shall be made.

Crediting. Applicants with prior experience as PIC may be credited towards the requirements in (a).

The amount of credit shall be decided by the ATO where the pilot undergoes the training course, on the basis of a pre-entry flight test, but shall in any case:

1. (1)

   not exceed the total flight time as PIC;

2. (2)

   not exceed 50 % of the hours required in (a);

3. (3)

   not include the requirements in (a)(2).

The privileges of an LAPL(H) shall be limited to the specific type and variant of helicopter in which the skill test was taken. This limitation may be removed when the pilot has completed:

1. (1)

   5 hours of flight instruction, including:

   1. (i)

      15 dual take-offs, approaches and landings;

   2. (ii)

      15 supervised solo take-offs, approaches and landings;

2. (2)

   a skill test to demonstrate an adequate level of practical skill in the new type. During this skill test, the applicant shall also demonstrate to the examiner an adequate level of theoretical knowledge for the other type in the following subjects:

   • Operational procedures,

   • Flight performance and planning,

   • Aircraft general knowledge.

Before the holder of an LAPL(H) can exercise the privileges of the licence in another variant of helicopter than the one used for the skill test, the pilot shall undertake differences or familiarisation training, as determined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Part-21. The differences training shall be entered in the pilot’s logbook or equivalent record and signed by the instructor.

Holders of an LAPL(H) shall only exercise the privileges of their licence on a specific type when they have completed on helicopters of that type in the last 12 months:

1. (1)

   at least 6 hours of flight time as PIC, including 6 take-offs, approaches and landings; and

2. (2)

   refresher training of at least 1 hour total flight time with an instructor.

Holders of an LAPL(H) who do not comply with the requirements in (a) shall:

1. (1)

   pass a proficiency check with an examiner on the specific type before they resume the exercise of the privileges of their licence; or

2. (2)

   perform the additional flight time or take-offs and landings, flying dual or solo under the supervision of an instructor, in order to fulfil the requirements in (a).

The privileges of the holder of an LAPL for sailplanes are to act as PIC on sailplanes and powered sailplanes. In order to exercise the privileges on a TMG, the holder shall comply with the requirements in FCL.135.S.

Holders of an LAPL(S) shall only carry passengers after they have completed, after the issuance of the licence, 10 hours of flight time or 30 launches as PIC on sailplanes or powered sailplanes.

Applicants for an LAPL(S) shall have completed at least 15 hours of flight instruction in sailplanes, or powered sailplanes, including at least:

1. (1)

   10 hours of dual flight instruction;

2. (2)

   2 hours of supervised solo flight time;

3. (3)

   45 launches and landings;

4. (4)

   1 solo cross-country flight of at least 50 km (27 NM) or 1 dual cross-country flight of at least 100 km (55 NM).

Of the 15 hours required in (a), a maximum of 7 hours may be completed in a TMG.

Crediting. Applicants with prior experience as PIC may be credited towards the requirements in (a).

The amount of credit shall be decided by the ATO where the pilot undergoes the training course, on the basis of a pre-entry flight test, but shall in any case:

1. (1)

   not exceed the total flight time as PIC;

2. (2)

   not exceed 50 % of the hours required in (a);

3. (3)

   not include the requirements in (a)(2) to (a)(4).

The privileges of the LAPL(S) shall be limited to the launch method included in the skill test. This limitation may be removed when the pilot has completed:

1. (1)

   in the case of winch launch and car launch, a minimum of 10 launches in dual flight instruction, and 5 solo launches under supervision;

2. (2)

   in the case of aero tow or self launch, a minimum of 5 launches in dual flight instruction, and 5 solo launches under supervision. In the case of self launch, dual flight instruction may be done in a TMG;

3. (3)

   in the case of bungee launch, a minimum of 3 launches performed in dual flight instruction or solo under supervision.

The completion of the additional training launches shall be entered in the logbook and signed by the instructor.

In order to maintain their privileges in each launch method, pilots shall complete a minimum of 5 launches during the last 24 months, except for bungee launch, in which case pilots shall have completed only 2 launches.

When the pilot does not comply with the requirement in (c), he/she shall perform the additional number of launches flying dual or solo under the supervision of an instructor in order to renew the privileges.

Sailplanes and powered sailplanes. Holders of an LAPL(S) shall only exercise the privileges of their licence on sailplanes or powered sailplanes when they have completed on sailplanes or powered sailplanes, excluding TMGs, in the last 24 months, at least:

1. (1)

   5 hours of flight time as PIC, including 15 launches;

2. (2)

   2 training flights with an instructor.

TMG. Holders of an LAPL(S) shall only exercise the privileges of their licence on a TMG when they have:

1. (1)

   completed on TMGs in the last 24 months:

   1. (i)

      at least 12 hours of flight time as PIC, including 12 take-offs and landings; and

   2. (ii)

      refresher training of at least 1 hour total flight time with an instructor.

2. (2)

   When the holder of the LAPL(S) also has the privileges to fly aeroplanes, the requirements in (1) may be completed on aeroplanes.

Holders of an LAPL(S) who do not comply with the requirements in (a) or (b) shall, before they resume the exercise of their privileges:

1. (1)

   pass a proficiency check with an examiner on a sailplane or a TMG, as appropriate; or

2. (2)

   perform the additional flight time or take-offs and landings, flying dual or solo under the supervision of an instructor, in order to fulfil the requirements in (a) or (b).

Applicants for an LAPL(B) shall have completed on balloons of the same class at least 16 hours of flight instruction, including at least:

1. (1)

   12 hours of dual flight instruction;

2. (2)

   10 inflations and 20 take-offs and landings; and

3. (3)

   1 supervised solo flight with a minimum flight time of at least 30 minutes.

Crediting. Applicants with prior experience as PIC on balloons may be credited towards the requirements in (a).

The amount of credit shall be decided by the ATO where the pilot undergoes the training course, on the basis of a pre-entry flight test, but shall in any case:

1. (1)

   not exceed the total flight time as PIC on balloons;

2. (2)

   not exceed 50 % of the hours required in (a);

3. (3)

   not include the requirements of (a)(2) and (a)(3).

The privileges of the LAPL(B) shall be limited to non-tethered flights. This limitation may be removed when the pilot has completed at least 3 tethered instruction flights.

The completion of the additional training shall be entered in the logbook and signed by the instructor.

In order to maintain this privilege, pilots shall complete a minimum of 2 tethered flights during the last 24 months.

When the pilot does not comply with the requirement in (c), he/she shall perform the additional number of tethered flights flying dual or solo under the supervision of an instructor in order to renew the privileges.

Holders of an LAPL(B) shall only exercise the privileges of their licence when they have completed, in one class of balloons in the last 24 months, at least:

1. (1)

   6 hours of flight time as PIC, including 10 take-offs and landings; and

2. (2)

   1 training flight with an instructor;

3. (3)

   in addition, if the pilot is qualified to fly more than one class of balloons, in order to exercise their privileges in the other class, they shall have completed at least 3 hours of flight time in that class within the last 24 months, including 3 take-offs and landings.

Holders of an LAPL(B) who do not comply with the requirements in (a) shall, before they resume the exercise of their privileges:

1. (1)

   pass a proficiency check with an examiner in the appropriate class; or

2. (2)

   perform the additional flight time or take-offs and landings, flying dual or solo under the supervision of an instructor, in order to fulfil the requirements in (a).

An applicant for a PPL shall be at least 17 years of age;

An applicant for a BPL or an SPL shall be at least 16 years of age.

Applicants for a BPL, SPL or PPL shall demonstrate through the completion of a skill test the ability to perform, as PIC on the appropriate aircraft category, the relevant procedures and manoeuvres with competency appropriate to the privileges granted.

An applicant for the skill test shall have received flight instruction on the same class or type of aircraft, or a group of balloons to be used for the skill test.

The privileges of the holder of a PPL(A) are to act without remuneration as PIC or co-pilot on aeroplanes or TMGs engaged in non-commercial operations.

Notwithstanding the paragraph above, the holder of a PPL(A) with instructor or examiner privileges may receive remuneration for:

1. (1)

   the provision of flight instruction for the LAPL(A) or PPL(A);

2. (2)

   the conduct of skill tests and proficiency checks for these licences;

3. (3)

   the ratings and certificates attached to these licences.

Applicants for a PPL(A) shall have completed at least 45 hours of flight instruction in aeroplanes, 5 of which may have been completed in an FSTD, including at least:

1. (1)

   25 hours of dual flight instruction; and

2. (2)

   10 hours of supervised solo flight time, including at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time with at least 1 cross-country flight of at least 270 km (150 NM), during which full stop landings at 2 aerodromes different from the aerodrome of departure shall be made.

Specific requirements for applicants holding an LAPL(A). Applicants for a PPL(A) holding an LAPL(A) shall have completed at least 15 hours of flight time on aeroplanes after the issue of the LAPL(A), of which at least 10 shall be flight instruction completed in a training course at an ATO. This training course shall include at least 4 hours of supervised solo flight time, including at least 2 hours of solo cross-country flight time with at least 1 cross-country flight of at least 270 km (150 NM), during which full stop landings at 2 aerodromes different from the aerodrome of departure shall be made.

Specific requirements for applicants holding an LAPL(S) with a TMG extension. Applicants for a PPL(A) holding an LAPL(S) with a TMG extension shall have completed:

1. (1)

   at least 24 hours of flight time on TMG after the endorsement of the TMG extension; and

2. (2)

   15 hours of flight instruction in aeroplanes in a training course at an ATO, including at least the requirements of (a)(2).

Crediting. Applicants holding a pilot licence for another category of aircraft, with the exception of balloons, shall be credited with 10 % of their total flight time as PIC on such aircraft up to a maximum of 10 hours. The amount of credit given shall in any case not include the requirements in (a)(2).

The privileges of the holder of a PPL(H) are to act without remuneration as PIC or co-pilot of helicopters engaged in non-commercial operations.

Notwithstanding the paragraph above, the holder of a PPL(H) with instructor or examiner privileges may receive remuneration for:

1. (1)

   the provision of flight instruction for the LAPL(H) or the PPL(H);

2. (2)

   the conduct of skill tests and proficiency checks for these licences;

3. (3)

   the ratings and certificates attached to these licences.

Applicants for a PPL(H) shall have completed at least 45 hours of flight instruction on helicopters, 5 of which may have been completed in an FNPT or FFS, including at least:

1. (1)

   25 hours of dual flight instruction; and

2. (2)

   10 hours of supervised solo flight time, including at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time with at least 1 cross-country flight of at least 185 km (100 NM), with full stop landings at 2 aerodromes different from the aerodrome of departure.

3. (3)

   35 of the 45 hours of flight instruction have to be completed on the same type of helicopter as the one used for the skill test.

Specific requirements for an applicant holding an LAPL(H). Applicants for a PPL(H) holding an LAPL(H) shall complete a training course at an ATO. This training course shall include at least 5 hours of dual flight instruction time and at least 1 supervised solo cross-country flight of at least 185 km (100 NM), with full stop landings at 2 aerodromes different from the aerodrome of departure.

Applicants holding a pilot licence for another category of aircraft, with the exception of balloons, shall be credited with 10 % of their total flight time as PIC on such aircraft up to a maximum of 6 hours. The amount of credit given shall in any case not include the requirements in (a)(2).

The privileges of the holder of a PPL(As) are to act without remuneration as PIC or co-pilot on airships engaged in non-commercial operations.

Notwithstanding the paragraph above, the holder of a PPL(As) with instructor or examiner privileges may receive remuneration for:

1. (1)

   the provision of flight instruction for the PPL(As);

2. (2)

   the conduct of skill tests and proficiency checks for this licence;

3. (3)

   the ratings or certificates attached to this licence.

Applicants for a PPL(As) shall have completed at least 35 hours of flight instruction in airships, 5 of which may have been completed in an FSTD, including at least:

1. (1)

   25 hours of dual flight instruction, including:

   1. (i)

      3 hours of cross-country flight training, including 1 cross-country flight of at least 65 km (35 NM);

   2. (ii)

      3 hours of instrument instruction;

2. (2)

   8 take-offs and landings at an aerodrome, including masting and unmasting procedures;

3. (3)

   8 hours of supervised solo flight time.

Applicants holding a BPL and qualified to fly hot-air airships shall be credited with 10 % of their total flight time as PIC on such airships up to a maximum of 5 hours.

The privileges of the holder of an SPL are to act as PIC on sailplanes and powered sailplanes. In order to exercise the privileges on a TMG, the holder shall have to comply with the requirements in FCL.135.S.

Holders of an SPL shall:

1. (1)

   carry passengers only when having completed, after the issuance of the licence, at least 10 hours of flight time or 30 launches as PIC on sailplanes or powered sailplanes;

2. (2)

   be restricted to act without remuneration in non-commercial operations until they have:

   1. (i)

      attained the age of 18 years;

   2. (ii)

      completed, after the issuance of the licence, 75 hours of flight time or 200 launches as PIC on sailplanes or powered sailplanes;

   3. (iii)

      passed a proficiency check with an examiner.

Notwithstanding (b)(2), the holder of an SPL with instructor or examiner privileges may receive remuneration for:

• the provision of flight instruction for the LAPL(S) or the SPL;

• the conduct of skill tests and proficiency checks for these licences;

• the ratings and certificates attached to these licences.

Applicants for an SPL shall have completed at least 15 hours of flight instruction on sailplanes or powered sailplanes, including at least the requirements specified in FCL.110.S.

Applicants for an SPL holding an LAPL(S) shall be fully credited towards the requirements for the issue of an SPL.

Applicants for an SPL who held an LAPL(S) within the period of 2 years before the application shall be fully credited towards the requirements of theoretical knowledge and flight instruction.

Crediting. Applicants holding a pilot licence for another category of aircraft, with the exception of balloons, shall be credited with 10 % of their total flight time as PIC on such aircraft up to a maximum of 7 hours. The amount of credit given shall in any case not include the requirements in of FCL.110.S(a)(2) to (a)(4).

The privileges of the holder of a BPL are to act as PIC on balloons and hot-air airships.

Holders of a BPL shall be restricted to act without remuneration in non-commercial operations until they have:

1. (1)

   attained the age of 18 years;

2. (2)

   completed 50 hours of flight time and 50 take-offs and landings as PIC on balloons;

3. (3)

   passed a proficiency check with an examiner on a balloon in the specific class.

Notwithstanding paragraph (b), the holder of a BPL with instructor or examiner privileges may receive remuneration for:

1. (1)

   the provision of flight instruction for the LAPL(B) or the BPL;

2. (2)

   the conduct of skill tests and proficiency checks for these licences;

3. (3)

   the ratings and certificates attached to these licences.

Applicants for a BPL shall have completed on balloons in the same class and group at least 16 hours of flight instruction, including at least:

1. (1)

   12 hours of dual flight instruction;

2. (2)

   10 inflations and 20 take-offs and landings; and

3. (3)

   1 supervised solo flight with a minimum flight time of at least 30 minutes.

Applicants for a BPL holding an LAPL(B) shall be fully credited towards the requirements for the issue of a BPL.

Applicants for a BPL who held an LAPL(B) within the period of 2 years before the application shall be fully credited towards the requirements of theoretical knowledge and flight instruction.

Holders of a BPL shall only exercise the privileges of their licence when they have completed in one class of balloons in the last 24 months at least:

1. (1)

   6 hours of flight time as PIC, including 10 take-offs and landings; and

2. (2)

   1 training flight with an instructor in a balloon within the appropriate class and with the maximum envelope capacity they have privileges for;

3. (3)

   in addition, in the case of pilots qualified to fly more than one class of balloons, in order to exercise their privileges in the other class, they shall have completed at least 3 hours of flight time on that class within the last 24 months, including 3 take-offs and landings.

Holders of a BPL who do not comply with the requirements in (a) shall, before they resume the exercise of their privileges:

1. (1)

   pass a proficiency check with an examiner in a balloon within the appropriate class and with the maximum envelope capacity they have privileges for; or

2. (2)

   perform the additional flight time or take-offs and landings, flying dual or solo under the supervision of an instructor, in order to fulfil the requirements in (a).

Privileges. The privileges of the holder of a CPL are, within the appropriate aircraft category, to:

1. (1)

   exercise all the privileges of the holder of an LAPL and a PPL;

2. (2)

   act as PIC or co-pilot of any aircraft engaged in operations other than commercial air transport;

3. (3)

   act as PIC in commercial air transport of any single-pilot aircraft subject to the restrictions specified in FCL.060 and in this Subpart;

4. (4)

   act as co-pilot in commercial air transport subject to the restrictions specified in FCL.060.

Conditions. An applicant for the issue of a CPL shall have fulfilled the requirements for the class or type rating of the aircraft used in the skill test.

The privileges of the holder of an ATPL are, within the appropriate aircraft category, to:

1. (1)

   exercise all the privileges of the holder of an LAPL, a PPL and a CPL;

2. (2)

   act as PIC of aircraft engaged in commercial air transport.

Applicants for the issue of an ATPL shall have fulfilled the requirements for the type rating of the aircraft used in the skill test.

Course. Applicants for an ATPL shall have completed a training course at an ATO. The course shall be either an integrated training course or a modular course, in accordance with Appendix 3 to this Part.

Examination. Applicants for an ATPL shall demonstrate a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges granted in the following subjects:

• Air Law,

• Aircraft General Knowledge — Airframe/Systems/Power plant,

• Aircraft General Knowledge — Instrumentation,

• Mass and Balance,

• Performance,

• Flight Planning and Monitoring,

• Human Performance,

• Meteorology,

• General Navigation,

• Radio Navigation,

• Operational Procedures,

• Principles of Flight,

• VFR Communications,

• IFR Communications.

Prerequisites. Applicants for an ATPL(A) shall hold:

1. (1)

   an MPL; or

2. (2)

   a CPL(A) and a multi-engine IR for aeroplanes. In this case, the applicant shall also have received instruction in MCC.

Experience. Applicants for an ATPL(A) shall have completed a minimum of 1 500 hours of flight time in aeroplanes, including at least:

1. (1)

   500 hours in multi-pilot operations on aeroplanes;

2. (2)
   1. (i)

      500 hours as PIC under supervision; or

   2. (ii)

      250 hours as PIC; or

   3. (iii)

      250 hours, including at least 70 hours as PIC, and the remaining as PIC under supervision;

3. (3)

   200 hours of cross-country flight time of which at least 100 hours shall be as PIC or as PIC under supervision;

4. (4)

   75 hours of instrument time of which not more than 30 hours may be instrument ground time; and

5. (5)

   100 hours of night flight as PIC or co-pilot.

Of the 1 500 hours of flight time, up to 100 hours of flight time may have been completed in an FFS and FNPT. Of these 100 hours, only a maximum of 25 hours may be completed in an FNPT.

Crediting.

1. (1)

   Holders of a pilot licence for other categories of aircraft shall be credited with flight time up to a maximum of:

   1. (i)

      for TMG or sailplanes, 30 hours flown as PIC;

   2. (ii)

      for helicopters, 50 % of all the flight time requirements of paragraph (b).

2. (2)

   Holders of a flight engineer licence issued in accordance with applicable national rules shall be credited with 50 % of the flight engineer time up to a maximum credit of 250 hours. These 250 hours may be credited against the 1 500 hours requirement of paragraph (a), and the 500 hours requirement of paragraph (b)(1), provided that the total credit given against any of these paragraphs does not exceed 250 hours.

The experience required in (b) shall be completed before the skill test for the ATPL(A) is taken.

The privileges of a holder of an IR are to fly aircraft under IFR with a minimum decision height of 200 feet (60 m).

In the case of a multi-engine IR, these privileges may be extended to decision heights lower than 200 feet (60 m) when the applicant has undergone specific training at an ATO and has passed section 6 of the skill test prescribed in Appendix 9 to this Part in multi-pilot aircraft.

Holders of an IR shall exercise their privileges in accordance with the conditions established in Appendix 8 to this Part.

Helicopters only. To exercise privileges as PIC under IFR in multi-pilot helicopters, the holder of an IR(H) shall have at least 70 hours of instrument time of which up to 30 hours may be instrument ground time.

Course. Applicants for an IR shall have received a course of theoretical knowledge and flight instruction at an ATO. The course shall be:

1. (1)

   an integrated training course which includes training for the IR, in accordance with Appendix 3 to this Part; or

2. (2)

   a modular course in accordance with Appendix 6 to this Part.

Examination. Applicants shall demonstrate a level of theoretical knowledge appropriate to the privileges granted in the following subjects:

• Air Law,

• Aircraft General Knowledge — Instrumentation,

• Flight Performance and Monitoring,

• Human Performance,

• Meteorology,

• Radio Navigation,

• IFR Communications.

Applicants for an IR shall pass a skill test in accordance with Appendix 7 to this Part to demonstrate the ability to perform the relevant procedures and manoeuvres with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted.

For a multi-engine IR, the skill test shall be taken in a multi-engine aircraft. For a single-engine IR, the test shall be taken in a single-engine aircraft. A multi-engine centreline thrust aeroplane shall be considered a single-engine aeroplane for the purposes of this paragraph.

Validity. An IR shall be valid for 1 year.

Revalidation.

1. (1)

   An IR shall be revalidated within the 3 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the rating.

2. (2)

   Applicants who fail to pass the relevant section of an IR proficiency check before the expiry date of the IR shall not exercise the IR privileges until they have passed the proficiency check.

Renewal. If an IR has expired, in order to renew their privileges applicants shall:

1. (1)

   go through refresher training at an ATO to reach the level of proficiency needed to pass the instrument element of the skill test in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part; and

2. (2)

   complete a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part, in the relevant aircraft category.

If the IR has not been revalidated or renewed within the preceding 7 years, the holder will be required to pass again the IR theoretical knowledge examination and skill test.

Revalidation. Applicants for the revalidation of an IR(A):

1. (1)

   when combined with the revalidation of a class or type rating, shall pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part;

2. (2)

   when not combined with the revalidation of a class or type rating, shall:

   1. (i)

      for single-pilot aeroplanes, complete section 3b and those parts of section 1 relevant to the intended flight, of the proficiency check prescribed in Appendix 9 to this Part; and

   2. (ii)

      for multi-engine aeroplanes, complete section 6 of the proficiency check for single-pilot aeroplanes in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part by sole reference to instruments.

3. (3)

   An FNPT II or an FFS representing the relevant class or type of aeroplane may be used in the case of paragraph (2), but at least each alternate proficiency check for the revalidation of an IR(A) in these circumstances shall be performed in an aeroplane.

Cross-credit shall be given in accordance with Appendix 8 to this Part.

Applicants for the revalidation of an IR(H):

1. (1)

   when combined with the revalidation of a type rating, shall complete a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part, for the relevant type of helicopter;

2. (2)

   when not combined with the revalidation of a type rating, shall complete only section 5 and the relevant parts of section 1 of the proficiency check established in Appendix 9 to this Part for the relevant type of helicopter. In this case, an FTD II/III or an FFS representing the relevant type of helicopter may be used, but at least each alternate proficiency check for the revalidation of an IR(H) in these circumstances shall be performed in a helicopter.

Cross-credit shall be given in accordance with Appendix 8 to this Part.

Except in the case of the LAPL, SPL and BPL, holders of a pilot licence shall not act in any capacity as pilots of an aircraft unless they have a valid and appropriate class or type rating, except when undergoing skill tests, or proficiency checks for renewal of class or type ratings, or receiving flight instruction.

Notwithstanding (a), in the case of flights related to the introduction or modification of aircraft types, pilots may hold a special certificate given by the competent authority, authorising them to perform the flights. This authorisation shall have its validity limited to the specific flights.

Without prejudice to (a) and (b), in the case of flights related to the introduction or modification of aircraft types conducted by design or production organisations within the scope of their privileges, as well as instruction flights for the issue of a flight test rating, when the requirements of this Subpart may not be complied with, pilots may hold a flight test rating issued in accordance with FCL.820.

In order to extend his/her privileges to another variant of aircraft within one class or type rating, the pilot shall undertake differences or familiarisation training. In the case of variants within a type rating, the differences or familiarisation training shall include the relevant elements defined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Part-21.

If the variant has not been flown within a period of 2 years following the differences raining, further differences training or a proficiency check in that variant shall be required to maintain the privileges, except for types or variants within the single-engine piston and TMG class ratings.

The differences training shall be entered in the pilot’s logbook or equivalent record and signed by the instructor as appropriate.

Training course. An applicant for a class or type rating shall complete a training course at an ATO. The type rating training course shall include the mandatory training elements for the relevant type as defined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Part-21.

Theoretical knowledge examination. The applicant for a class or type rating shall pass a theoretical knowledge examination organised by the ATO to demonstrate the level of theoretical knowledge required for the safe operation of the applicable aircraft class or type.

1. (1)

   For multi-pilot aircraft, the theoretical knowledge examination shall be written and comprise at least 100 multiple-choice questions distributed appropriately across the main subjects of the syllabus.

2. (2)

   For single-pilot multi-engine aircraft, the theoretical knowledge examination shall be written and the number of multiple-choice questions shall depend on the complexity of the aircraft.

3. (3)

   For single-engine aircraft, the theoretical knowledge examination shall be conducted verbally by the examiner during the skill test to determine whether or not a satisfactory level of knowledge has been achieved.

4. (4)

   For single-pilot aeroplanes that are classified as high performance aeroplanes, the examination shall be written and comprise at least 60 multiple-choice questions distributed appropriately across the main subjects of the syllabus.

Skill test. An applicant for a class or type rating shall pass a skill test in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part to demonstrate the skill required for the safe operation of the applicable class or type of aircraft.

The applicant shall pass the skill test within a period of 6 months after commencement of the class or type rating training course and within a period of 6 months preceding the application for the issue of the class or type rating.

An applicant who already holds a type rating for an aircraft type, with the privilege for either single-pilot or multi-pilot operations, shall be considered to have already fulfilled the theoretical requirements when applying to add the privilege for the other form of operation on the same aircraft type.

Notwithstanding the paragraphs above, pilots holding a flight test rating issued in accordance with FCL.820 who were involved in development, certification or production flight tests for an aircraft type, and have completed either 50 hours of total flight time or 10 hours of flight time as PIC on test flights in that type, shall be entitled to apply for the issue of the relevant type rating, provided that they comply with the experience requirements and the prerequisites for the issue of that type rating, as established in this Subpart for the relevant aircraft category.

The period of validity of class and type ratings shall be 1 year, except for single-pilot single-engine class ratings, for which the period of validity shall be 2 years, unless otherwise determined by the operational suitability data, established in accordance with Part-21.

Renewal. If a class or type rating has expired, the applicant shall:

1. (1)

   take refresher training at an ATO, when necessary to reach the level of proficiency necessary to safely operate the relevant class or type of aircraft; and

2. (2)

   pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part.

A pilot undertaking instruction at a ZFTT course shall have completed, on a multi-pilot turbo-jet aeroplane certificated to the standards of CS-25 or equivalent airworthiness code or on a multi-pilot turbo-prop aeroplane having a maximum certificated take-off mass of not less than 10 tonnes or a certificated passenger seating configuration of more than 19 passengers, at least:

1. (1)

   if an FFS qualified to level CG, C or interim C is used during the course, 1 500 hours flight time or 250 route sectors;

2. (2)

   if an FFS qualified to level DG or D is used during the course, 500 hours flight time or 100 route sectors.

When a pilot is changing from a turbo-prop to a turbo-jet aeroplane or from a turbo-jet to a turbo-prop aeroplane, additional simulator training shall be required.

The MCC training course shall comprise at least:

1. (1)

   25 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction and exercises; and

2. (2)

   20 hours of practical MCC training, or 15 hours in the case of student pilots attending an ATP integrated course.

An FNPT II MCC or an FFS shall be used. When the MCC training is combined with initial type rating training, the practical MCC training may be reduced to no less than 10 hours if the same FFS is used for both the MCC and type rating training.

The MCC training course shall be completed within 6 months at an ATO.

Unless the MCC course has been combined with a type rating course, on completion of the MCC training course the applicant shall be given a certificate of completion.

An applicant having completed MCC training for any other category of aircraft shall be exempted from the requirement in (a)(1).

Revalidation of multi-engine class ratings and type ratings. For revalidation of multi-engine class ratings and type ratings, the applicant shall:

1. (1)

   pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part in the relevant class or type of aeroplane or an FSTD representing that class or type, within the 3 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the rating; and

2. (2)

   complete during the period of validity of the rating, at least:

   1. (i)

      10 route sectors as pilot of the relevant class or type of aeroplane; or

   2. (ii)

      1 route sector as pilot of the relevant class or type of aeroplane or FFS, flown with an examiner. This route sector may be flown during the proficiency check.

3. (3)

   A pilot working for a commercial air transport operator approved in accordance with the applicable air operations requirements who has passed the operators proficiency check combined with the proficiency check for the revalidation of the class or type rating shall be exempted from complying with the requirement in (2).

4. (4)

   The revalidation of an IR(A), if held, may be combined with a proficiency check for the revalidation of a class or type rating.

Revalidation of single-pilot single-engine class ratings.

1. (1)

   Single-engine piston aeroplane class ratings and TMG ratings. For revalidation of single-pilot single-engine piston aeroplane class ratings or TMG class ratings the applicant shall:

   1. (i)

      within the 3 months preceding the expiry date of the rating, pass a proficiency check in the relevant class in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part with an examiner; or

   2. (ii)

      within the 12 months preceding the expiry date of the rating, complete 12 hours of flight time in the relevant class, including:

      • 6 hours as PIC,

      • 12 take-offs and 12 landings, and

      • a training flight of at least 1 hour with a flight instructor (FI) or a class rating instructor (CRI). Applicants shall be exempted from this flight if they have passed a class or type rating proficiency check or skill test in any other class or type of aeroplane.

2. (2)

   When applicants hold both a single-engine piston aeroplane-land class rating and a TMG rating, they may complete the requirements of (1) in either class, and achieve revalidation of both ratings.

3. (3)

   Single-pilot single-engine turbo-prop aeroplanes. For revalidation of single-engine turbo-prop class ratings applicants shall pass a proficiency check on the relevant class in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part with an examiner, within the 3 months preceding the expiry date of the rating.

Applicants who fail to achieve a pass in all sections of a proficiency check before the expiry date of a class or type rating shall not exercise the privileges of that rating until a pass in the proficiency check has been achieved.

The MCC training course shall comprise at least:

1. (1)

   for MCC/IR:

   1. (i)

      25 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction and exercises; and

   2. (ii)

      20 hours of practical MCC training or 15 hours, in the case of student pilots attending an ATP(H)/IR integrated course. When the MCC training is combined with the initial type rating training for a multi-pilot helicopter, the practical MCC training may be reduced to not less than 10 hours if the same FSTD is used for both MCC and type rating;

2. (2)

   for MCC/VFR:

   1. (i)

      25 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction and exercises; and

   2. (ii)

      15 hours of practical MCC training or 10 hours, in the case of student pilots attending an ATP(H)/IR integrated course. When the MCC training is combined with the initial type rating training for a multi-pilot helicopter, the practical MCC training may be reduced to not less than 7 hours if the same FSTD is used for both MCC and type rating.

The MCC training course shall be completed within 6 months at an ATO.

An FNPT II or III qualified for MCC, an FTD 2/3 or an FFS shall be used.

Unless the MCC course has been combined with a multi-pilot type rating course, on completion of the MCC training course the applicant shall be given a certificate of completion.

An applicant having completed MCC training for any other category of aircraft shall be exempted from the requirement in (a)(1)(i) or (a)(2)(i), as applicable.

An applicant for MCC/IR training who has completed MCC/VFR training shall be exempted from the requirement in (a)(1)(i), and shall complete 5 hours of practical MCC/IR training.

Revalidation. For revalidation of type ratings for helicopters, the applicant shall:

1. (1)

   pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part in the relevant type of helicopter or an FSTD representing that type within the 3 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the rating; and

2. (2)

   complete at least 2 hours as a pilot of the relevant helicopter type within the validity period of the rating. The duration of the proficiency check may be counted towards the 2 hours.

3. (3)

   When applicants hold more than 1 type rating for single-engine piston helicopters, they may achieve revalidation of all the relevant type ratings by completing the proficiency check in only 1 of the relevant types held, provided that they have completed at least 2 hours of flight time as PIC on the other types during the validity period.

   The proficiency check shall be performed each time on a different type.

4. (4)

   When applicants hold more than 1 type rating for single-engine turbine helicopters with a maximum certificated take-off mass up to 3 175 kg, they may achieve revalidation of all the relevant type ratings by completing the proficiency check in only 1 of the relevant types held, provided that they have completed:

   1. (i)

      300 hours as PIC on helicopters;

   2. (ii)

      15 hours on each of the types held; and

   3. (iii)

      at least 2 hours of PIC flight time on each of the other types during the validity period.

   The proficiency check shall be performed each time on a different type.

5. (5)

   A pilot who successfully completes a skill test for the issue of an additional type rating shall achieve revalidation for the relevant type ratings in the common groups, in accordance with (3) and (4).

6. (6)

   The revalidation of an IR(H), if held, may be combined with a proficiency check for a type rating.

An applicant who fails to achieve a pass in all sections of a proficiency check before the expiry date of a type rating shall not exercise the privileges of that rating until a pass in the proficiency check has been achieved. In the case of (a)(3) and (4), the applicant shall not exercise his/her privileges in any of the types.

Revalidation. For revalidation of powered-lift type ratings, the applicant shall:

1. (1)

   pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part in the relevant type of powered-lift within the 3 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the rating;

2. (2)

   complete during the period of validity of the rating, at least:

   1. (i)

      10 route sectors as pilot of the relevant type of powered-lift aircraft; or

   2. (ii)

      1 route sector as pilot of the relevant type of powered-lift aircraft or FFS, flown with an examiner. This route sector may be flown during the proficiency check.

3. (3)

   A pilot working for a commercial air transport operator approved in accordance with the applicable air operations requirements who has passed the operators proficiency check combined with the proficiency check for the revalidation of the type rating shall be exempted from complying with the requirement in (2).

An applicant who fails to achieve a pass in all sections of a proficiency check before the expiry date of a type rating shall not exercise the privileges of that rating until the a pass in the proficiency check has been achieved.

The MCC training course shall comprise at least:

1. (1)

   12 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction and exercises; and

2. (2)

   5 hours of practical MCC training;

3. (3)

   An FNPT II, or III qualified for MCC, an FTD 2/3 or an FFS shall be used.

The MCC training course shall be completed within 6 months at an ATO.

Unless the MCC course has been combined with a multi-pilot type rating course, on completion of the MCC training course the applicant shall be given a certificate of completion.

An applicant having completed MCC training for any other category of aircraft shall be exempted from the requirements in (a).

Revalidation. For revalidation of type ratings for airships, the applicant shall:

1. (1)

   pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part in the relevant type of airship within the 3 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the rating; and

2. (2)

   complete at least 2 hours as a pilot of the relevant airship type within the validity period of the rating. The duration of the proficiency check may be counted towards the 2 hours.

3. (3)

   The revalidation of an IR(As), if held, may be combined with a proficiency check for the revalidation of a class or type rating.

An applicant who fails to achieve a pass in all sections of a proficiency check before the expiry date of a type rating shall not exercise the privileges of that rating until a pass in the proficiency check has been achieved.

General. A person shall only carry out:

1. (1)

   flight instruction in aircraft when he/she holds:

   1. (i)

      a pilot licence issued or accepted in accordance with this Regulation;

   2. (ii)

      an instructor certificate appropriate to the instruction given, issued in accordance with this Subpart;

2. (2)

   synthetic flight instruction or MCC instruction when he/she holds an instructor certificate appropriate to the instruction given, issued in accordance with this Subpart.

Special conditions:

1. (1)

   In the case of introduction of new aircraft in the Member States or in an operator’s fleet, when compliance with the requirements established in this Subpart is not possible, the competent authority may issue a specific certificate giving privileges for flight instruction. Such a certificate shall be limited to the instruction flights necessary for the introduction of the new type of aircraft and its validity shall not, in any case, exceed 1 year.

2. (2)

   Holders of a certificate issued in accordance with (b)(1) who wish to apply for the issue of an instructor certificate shall comply with the prerequisites and revalidation requirements established for that category of instructor. Notwithstanding FCL.905.TRI(b), a TRI certificate issued in accordance with this (sub)paragraph will include the privilege to instruct for the issue of a TRI or SFI certificate for the relevant type.

Instruction outside the territory of the Member States:

1. (1)

   Notwithstanding paragraph (a), in the case of flight instruction provided in an ATO located outside the territory of the Member States, the competent authority may issue an instructor certificate to an applicant holding a pilot licence issued by a third country in accordance with Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention, provided that the applicant:

   1. (i)

      holds at least an equivalent licence, rating, or certificate to the one for which they are authorised to instruct and in any case at least a CPL;

   2. (ii)

      complies with the requirements established in this Subpart for the issue of the relevant instructor certificate;

   3. (iii)

      demonstrates to the competent authority an adequate level of knowledge of European aviation safety rules to be able to exercise instructional privileges in accordance with this Part.

2. (2)

   The certificate shall be limited to providing flight instruction:

   1. (i)

      in ATOs located outside the territory of the Member States;

   2. (ii)

      to student pilots who have sufficient knowledge of the language in which flight instruction is given.

General. An applicant for an instructor certificate shall be at least 18 years of age.

Additional requirements for instructors providing flight instruction in aircraft. An applicant for or the holder of an instructor certificate with privileges to conduct flight instruction in an aircraft shall:

1. (1)

   hold at least the licence and, where relevant, the rating for which flight instruction is to be given;

2. (2)

   except in the case of the flight test instructor, have:

   1. (i)

      completed at least 15 hours of flight as a pilot on the class or type of aircraft on which flight instruction is to be given, of which a maximum of 7 hours may be in an FSTD representing the class or type of aircraft, if applicable; or

   2. (ii)

      passed an assessment of competence for the relevant category of instructor on that class or type of aircraft;

3. (3)

   be entitled to act as PIC on the aircraft during such flight instruction.

Credit towards further ratings and for the purpose of revalidation:

1. (1)

   Applicants for further instructor certificates may be credited with the teaching and learning skills already demonstrated for the instructor certificate held.

2. (2)

   Hours flown as an examiner during skill tests or proficiency checks shall be credited in full towards revalidation requirements for all instructor certificates held.

Instructors conducting training for the MPL shall:

1. (1)

   have successfully completed an MPL instructor training course at an ATO; and

2. (2)

   additionally, for the basic, intermediate and advanced phases of the MPL integrated training course:

   1. (i)

      be experienced in multi-pilot operations; and

   2. (ii)

      have completed initial crew resource management training with a commercial air transport operator approved in accordance with the applicable air operations requirements.

In order to maintain the privileges, the instructor shall have, within the preceding 12 months, conducted within an MPL training course:

1. (1)

   1 simulator session of at least 3 hours; or

2. (2)

   1 air exercise of at least 1 hour comprising at least 2 take-offs and landings.

If the instructor has not fulfilled the requirements of (c), before exercising the privileges to conduct flight instruction for the MPL he/she shall:

1. (1)

   receive refresher training at an ATO to reach the level of competence necessary to pass the assessment of instructor competencies; and

2. (2)

   pass the assessment of instructor competencies as set out in (b)(2).

Except for the multi-crew cooperation instructor (MCCI), the synthetic training instructor (STI), the mountain rating instructor (MI) and the flight test instructor (FTI), an applicant for an instructor certificate shall pass an assessment of competence in the appropriate aircraft category to demonstrate to an examiner qualified in accordance with Subpart K the ability to instruct a student pilot to the level required for the issue of the relevant licence, rating or certificate.

This assessment shall include:

1. (1)

   the demonstration of the competencies described in FCL.920, during pre-flight, post-flight and theoretical knowledge instruction;

2. (2)

   oral theoretical examinations on the ground, pre-flight and post-flight briefings and in-flight demonstrations in the appropriate aircraft class, type or FSTD;

3. (3)

   exercises adequate to evaluate the instructor’s competencies.

The assessment shall be performed on the same class or type of aircraft or FSTD used for the flight instruction.

When an assessment of competence is required for revalidation of an instructor certificate, an applicant who fails to achieve a pass in the assessment before the expiry date of an instructor certificate shall not exercise the privileges of that certificate until the assessment has successfully been completed.

An FI shall have his/her privileges limited to conducting flight instruction under the supervision of an FI for the same category of aircraft nominated by the ATO for this purpose, in the following cases:

1. (1)

   for the issue of the PPL, SPL, BPL and LAPL;

2. (2)

   in all integrated courses at PPL level, in case of aeroplanes and helicopters;

3. (3)

   for class and type ratings for single-pilot, single-engine aircraft, class and group extensions in the case of balloons and class extensions in the case of sailplanes;

4. (4)

   for the night, towing or aerobatic ratings.

While conducting training under supervision, in accordance with (a), the FI shall not have the privilege to authorise student pilots to conduct first solo flights and first solo cross-country flights.

The limitations in (a) and (b) shall be removed from the FI certificate when the FI has completed at least:

1. (1)

   for the FI(A), 100 hours of flight instruction in aeroplanes or TMGs and, in addition has supervised at least 25 student solo flights;

2. (2)

   for the FI(H) 100 hours of flight instruction in helicopters and, in addition has supervised at least 25 student solo flight air exercises;

3. (3)

   for the FI(As), FI(S) and FI(B), 15 hours or 50 take-offs of flight instruction covering the full training syllabus for the issue of a PPL(As), SPL or BPL in the appropriate aircraft category.

Applicants for the FI certificate shall have passed a specific pre-entry flight test with an FI qualified in accordance with FCL.905.FI(i) within the 6 months preceding the start of the course, to assess their ability to undertake the course. This pre-entry flight test shall be based on the proficiency check for class and type ratings as set out in Appendix 9 to this Part.

The FI training course shall include:

1. (1)

   25 hours of teaching and learning;

2. (2)
   1. (i)

      in the case of an FI(A), (H) and (As), at least 100 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction, including progress tests;

   2. (ii)

      in the case of an FI(B) or FI(S), at least 30 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction, including progress tests;

3. (3)
   1. (i)

      in the case of an FI(A) and (H), at least 30 hours of flight instruction, of which 25 hours shall be dual flight instruction, of which 5 hours may be conducted in an FFS, an FNPT I or II or an FTD 2/3;

   2. (ii)

      in the case of an FI(As), at least 20 hours of flight instruction, of which 15 hours shall be dual flight instruction;

   3. (iii)

      in the case of an FI(S), at least 6 hours or 20 take-offs of flight instruction;

   4. (iv)

      in the case of an FI(S) providing training on TMGs, at least 6 hours of dual flight instruction on TMGs;

   5. (v)

      in the case of an FI(B), at least 3 hours including 3 take-offs of flight instruction.

   When applying for an FI certificate in another category of aircraft, pilots holding or having held:

   1. (1)

      an FI(A), (H) or (As) shall be credited with 55 hours towards the requirement in (b)(2)(i) or with 18 hours towards the requirements in (b)(2)(ii).

For revalidation of an FI certificate, the holder shall fulfil 2 of the following 3 requirements:

1. (1)

   complete:

   1. (i)

      in the case of an FI(A) and (H), at least 50 hours of flight instruction in the appropriate aircraft category during the period of validity of the certificate as, FI, TRI, CRI, IRI, MI or examiner. If the privileges to instruct for the IR are to be revalidated, 10 of these hours shall be flight instruction for an IR and shall have been completed within the last 12 months preceding the expiry date of the FI certificate;

   2. (ii)

      in the case of an FI(As), at least 20 hours of flight instruction in airships as FI, IRI or as examiner during the period of validity of the certificate. If the privileges to instruct for the IR are to be revalidated, 10 of these hours shall be flight instruction for an IR and shall have been completed within the last 12 months preceding the expiry date of the FI certificate;

   3. (iii)

      in the case of an FI(S), at least 30 hours or 60 take-offs of flight instruction in sailplanes, powered sailplanes or TMG as, FI or as examiner during the period of validity of the certificate;

   4. (iv)

      in the case of an FI(B), at least 6 hours of flight instruction in balloons as, FI or as examiner during the period of validity of the certificate;

2. (2)

   attend an instructor refresher seminar, within the validity period of the FI certificate;

3. (3)

   pass an assessment of competence in accordance with FCL.935, within the 12 months preceding the expiry date of the FI certificate.

For the at least each alternate subsequent revalidation in the case of FI(A) or FI(H), or each third revalidation, in the case of FI(As), (S) and (B), the holder shall have to pass an assessment of competence in accordance with FCL.935.

Renewal. If the FI certificate has lapsed, the applicant shall, within a period of 12 months before renewal:

1. (1)

   attend an instructor refresher seminar;

2. (2)

   pass an assessment of competence in accordance with FCL.935.

General. If the TRI training is carried out in an FFS only, the privileges of the TRI shall be restricted to training in the FFS.

In this case, the TRI may conduct line flying under supervision, provided that the TRI training course has included additional training for this purpose.

TRI for aeroplanes and for powered-lift aircraft — TRI(A) and TRI(PL). The privileges of a TRI are restricted to the type of aeroplane or powered-lift aircraft in which the training and the assessment of competence was taken. The privileges of the TRI shall be extended to further types when the TRI has:

1. (1)

   completed within the 12 months preceding the application, at least 15 route sectors, including take-offs and landings on the applicable aircraft type, of which 7 sectors may be completed in an FFS;

2. (2)

   completed the technical training and flight instruction parts of the relevant TRI course;

3. (3)

   passed the relevant sections of the assessment of competence in accordance with FCL.935 in order to demonstrate to an FIE or a TRE qualified in accordance with Subpart K his/her ability to instruct a pilot to the level required for the issue of a type rating, including pre-flight, post-flight and theoretical knowledge instruction.

TRI for helicopters — TRI(H).

1. (1)

   The privileges of a TRI(H) are restricted to the type of helicopter in which the skill test for the issue of the TRI certificate was taken. The privileges of the TRI shall be extended to further types when the TRI has:

   1. (i)

      completed the appropriate type technical part of the TRI course on the applicable type of helicopter or an FSTD representing that type;

   2. (ii)

      conducted at least 2 hours of flight instruction on the applicable type, under the supervision of an adequately qualified TRI(H); and

   3. (iii)

      passed the relevant sections of the assessment of competence in accordance with FCL.935 in order to demonstrate to an FIE or TRE qualified in accordance with Subpart K his/her ability to instruct a pilot to the level required for the issue of a type rating, including pre-flight, post-flight and theoretical knowledge instruction.

2. (2)

   Before the privileges of a TRI(H) are extended from single-pilot to multi-pilot privileges on the same type of helicopters, the holder shall have at least 100 hours in multi-pilot operations on this type.

Notwithstanding the paragraphs above, holders of a TRI certificate who have been issued with a type rating in accordance with FCL.725(e) shall be entitled to have their TRI privileges extended to that new type of aircraft.

The TRI training course shall include, at least:

1. (1)

   25 hours of teaching and learning;

2. (2)

   10 hours of technical training, including revision of technical knowledge, the preparation of lesson plans and the development of classroom/simulator instructional skills;

3. (3)

   5 hours of flight instruction on the appropriate aircraft or a simulator representing that aircraft for single-pilot aircraft and 10 hours for multi-pilot aircraft or a simulator representing that aircraft.

Applicants holding or having held an instructor certificate shall be fully credited towards the requirement of (a)(1).

An applicant for a TRI certificate who holds an SFI certificate for the relevant type shall be fully credited towards the requirements of this paragraph for the issue of a TRI certificate restricted to flight instruction in simulators.

The privileges of a CRI are to instruct for:

1. (1)

   the issue, revalidation or renewal of a class or type rating for non-complex non-high performance single-pilot aeroplanes, when the privileges sought by the applicant are to fly in single-pilot operations;

2. (2)

   a towing or aerobatic rating for the aeroplane category, provided the CRI holds the relevant rating and has demonstrated the ability to instruct for that rating to an FI qualified in accordance with FCL.905.FI(i).

The privileges of a CRI are restricted to the class or type of aeroplane in which the instructor assessment of competence was taken. The privileges of the CRI shall be extended to further classes or types when the CRI has completed, within the last 12 months:

1. (1)

   15 hours flight time as PIC on aeroplanes of the applicable class or type of aeroplane;

2. (2)

   one training flight from the right hand seat under the supervision of another CRI or FI qualified for that class or type occupying the other pilot’s seat.

The training course for the CRI shall include, at least:

1. (1)

   25 hours of teaching and learning instruction;

2. (2)

   10 hours of technical training, including revision of technical knowledge, the preparation of lesson plans and the development of classroom/simulator instructional skills;

3. (3)

   5 hours of flight instruction on multi-engine aeroplanes, or 3 hours of flight instruction on single-engine aeroplanes, given by an FI(A) qualified in accordance with FCL.905.FI(i).

Applicants holding or having held an instructor certificate shall be fully credited towards the requirement of (a)(1).

For revalidation of a CRI certificate the applicant shall, within the 12 months preceding the expiry date of the CRI certificate:

1. (1)

   conduct at least 10 hours of flight instruction in the role of a CRI. If the applicant has CRI privileges on both single-engine and multi-engine aeroplanes, the 10 hours of flight instruction shall be equally divided between single-engine and multi-engine aeroplanes; or

2. (2)

   receive refresher training as a CRI at an ATO; or

3. (3)

   pass the assessment of competence in accordance with FCL.935 for multi-engine or single-engine aeroplanes, as relevant.

For at least each alternate revalidation of a CRI certificate, the holder shall have to comply with the requirement of (a)(3).

Renewal. If the CRI certificate has lapsed, the applicant shall, within a period of 12 months before renewal:

1. (1)

   receive refresher training as a CRI at an ATO;

2. (2)

   pass the assessment of competence established in FCL.935.

The privileges of an IRI are to instruct for the issue, revalidation and renewal of an IR on the appropriate aircraft category.

Specific requirements for the MPL course. To instruct for the basic phase of training on an MPL course, the IRI(A) shall:

1. (1)

   hold an IR for multi-engine aeroplanes; and

2. (2)

   have completed at least 1 500 hours of flight time in multi-crew operations.

3. (3)

   In the case of IRI already qualified to instruct on ATP(A) or CPL(A)/IR integrated courses, the requirement of (b)(2) may be replaced by the completion of the course provided for in paragraph FCL.905.FI(j)(3).

The training course for the IRI shall include, at least:

1. (1)

   25 hours of teaching and learning instruction;

2. (2)

   10 hours of technical training, including revision of instrument theoretical knowledge, the preparation of lesson plans and the development of classroom instructional skills;

3. (3)
   1. (i)

      for the IRI(A), at least 10 hours of flight instruction on an aeroplane, FFS, FTD 2/3 or FPNT II. In the case of applicants holding an FI(A) certificate, these hours are reduced to 5;

   2. (ii)

      for the IRI(H), at least 10 hours of flight instruction on a helicopter, FFS, FTD 2/3 or FNPT II/III;

   3. (iii)

      for the IRI(As), at least 10 hours of flight instruction on an airship, FFS, FTD 2/3 or FNPT II.

Flight instruction shall be given by an FI qualified in accordance with FCL.905.FI(i).

Applicants holding or having held an instructor certificate shall be fully credited towards the requirement of (a)(1).

The training course for the SFI shall include:

1. (1)

   the FSTD content of the applicable type rating course;

2. (2)

   the content of the TRI training course.

An applicant for an SFI certificate who holds a TRI certificate for the relevant type shall be fully credited towards the requirements of this paragraph.

Revalidation. For revalidation of an SFI certificate the applicant shall, within the validity period of the SFI certificate, fulfil 2 of the following 3 requirements:

1. (1)

   complete 50 hours as an instructor or an examiner in FSTDs, of which at least 15 hours shall be within the 12 months preceding the expiry date of the SFI certificate;

2. (2)

   receive instructor refresher training as an SFI at an ATO;

3. (3)

   pass the relevant sections of the assessment of competence in accordance with FCL.935.

Additionally, the applicant shall have completed, on an FFS, the proficiency checks for the issue of the specific aircraft type ratings representing the types for which privileges are held.

For at least each alternate revalidation of an SFI certificate, the holder shall have to comply with the requirement of (a)(3).

Renewal. If the SFI certificate has lapsed, the applicant shall, within the 12 months preceding the application:

1. (1)

   complete the simulator content of the SFI training course;

2. (2)

   fulfil the requirements specified in (a)(2) and (3).

The privileges of an MCCI are to carry out flight instruction during:

1. (1)

   the practical part of MCC courses when not combined with type rating training; and

2. (2)

   in the case of MCCI(A), the basic phase of the MPL integrated training course, provided he/she holds or has held an FI(A) or an IRI(A) certificate.

The training course for the MCCI shall include, at least:

1. (1)

   25 hours of teaching and learning instruction;

2. (2)

   technical training related to the type of FSTD where the applicant wishes to instruct;

3. (3)

   3 hours of practical instruction, which may be flight instruction or MCC instruction on the relevant FNPT II/III MCC, FTD 2/3 or FFS, under the supervision of a TRI, SFI or MCCI nominated by the ATO for that purpose. These hours of flight instruction under supervision shall include the assessment of the applicant’s competence as described in FCL.920.

Applicants holding or having held an FI, TRI, CRI, IRI or SFI certificate shall be fully credited towards the requirement of (a)(1).

For revalidation of an MCCI certificate the applicant shall have completed the requirements of FCL.930.MCCI(a)(3) on the relevant type of FNPT II/III, FTD 2/3 or FFS, within the last 12 months of the validity period of the MCCI certificate.

Renewal. If the MCCI certificate has lapsed, the applicant shall complete the requirements of FCL.930.MCCI(a)(2) and (3) on the relevant type of FNPT II/III MCC, FTD 2/3 or FFS.

The privileges of an STI are to carry out synthetic flight instruction in the appropriate aircraft category for:

1. (1)

   the issue of a licence;

2. (2)

   the issue, revalidation or renewal of an IR and a class or type rating for single-pilot aircraft, except for single-pilot high performance complex aeroplanes.

Additional privileges for the STI(A). The privileges of an STI(A) shall include synthetic flight instruction during the core flying skills training of the MPL integrated training course.

The training course for the STI shall comprise at least 3 hours of flight instruction related to the duties of an STI in an FFS, FTD 2/3 or FNPT II/III, under the supervision of an FIE. These hours of flight instruction under supervision shall include the assessment of the applicant’s competence as described in FCL.920.

Applicants for an STI(A) wishing to instruct on a BITD only, shall complete the flight instruction on a BITD.

For applicants for an STI(H), the course shall also include the FFS content of the applicable TRI course.

Revalidation. For revalidation of an STI certificate the applicant shall have, within the last 12 months of the validity period of the STI certificate:

1. (1)

   conducted at least 3 hours of flight instruction in an FFS or FNPT II/III or BITD, as part of a complete CPL, IR, PPL or class or type rating course; and

2. (2)

   passed in the FFS, FTD 2/3 or FNPT II/III on which flight instruction is routinely conducted, the applicable sections of the proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part for the appropriate class or type of aircraft.

   For an STI(A) instructing on BITDs only, the proficiency check shall include only the exercises appropriate for a skill test for the issue of a PPL(A).

Renewal. If the STI certificate has lapsed, the applicant shall:

1. (1)

   receive refresher training as an STI at an ATO;

2. (2)

   pass in the FFS, FTD 2/3 or FNPT II/III on which flight instruction is routinely conducted, the applicable sections of the proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part for the appropriate class or type of aircraft.

   For an STI(A) instructing on BITDs only, the proficiency check shall include only the exercises appropriate for a skill test for the issue of a PPL(A);

3. (3)

   conduct on a complete CPL, IR, PPL or class or type rating course, at least 3 hours of flight instruction under the supervision of an FI, CRI(A), IRI or TRI(H) nominated by the ATO for this purpose. At least 1 hour of flight instruction shall be supervised by an FIE(A).

The training course for the MI shall include the assessment of the applicant’s competence as described in FCL.920.

Before attending the course, applicants shall have passed a pre-entry flight test with an MI holding an FI certificate to assess their experience and ability to undertake the training course.

The privileges of a flight test instructor (FTI) are to instruct, within the appropriate aircraft category, for:

1. (1)

   the issue of category 1 or 2 flight test ratings, provided he/she holds the relevant category of flight test rating;

2. (2)

   the issue of an FTI certificate, within the relevant category of flight test rating, provided that the instructor has at least 2 years of experience instructing for the issue of flight test ratings.

The privileges of an FTI holding a category 1 flight test rating include the provision of flight instruction also in relation to category 2 flight test ratings.

The training course for the FTI shall include, at least:

1. (1)

   25 hours of teaching and learning;

2. (2)

   10 hours of technical training, including revision of technical knowledge, the preparation of lesson plans and the development of classroom/simulator instructional skills;

3. (3)

   5 hours of practical flight instruction under the supervision of an FTI qualified in accordance with FCL.905.FTI(b). These hours of flight instruction shall include the assessment of the applicant’s competence as described in FCL.920.

Crediting:

1. (1)

   Applicants holding or having held an instructor certificate shall be fully credited towards the requirement of (a)(1).

2. (2)

   In addition, applicants holding or having held an FI or TRI certificate in the relevant aircraft category shall be fully credited towards the requirements of (a)(2).

Revalidation. For revalidation of an FTI certificate, the applicant shall, within the validity period of the FTI certificate, fulfil one of the following requirements:

1. (1)

   complete at least:

   1. (i)

      50 hours of flight tests, of which at least 15 hours shall be within the 12 months preceding the expiry date of the FTI certificate; and

   2. (ii)

      5 hours of flight test flight instruction within the 12 months preceding the expiry date of the FTI certificate; or

2. (2)

   receive refresher training as an FTI at an ATO. The refresher training shall be based on the practical flight instruction element of the FTI training course, in accordance with FCL.930.FTI(a)(3), and include at least 1 instruction flight under the supervision of an FTI qualified in accordance with FCL.905.FTI(b).

Renewal. If the FTI certificate has lapsed, the applicant shall receive refresher training as an FTI at an ATO. The refresher training shall comply at least with the requirements of FCL.930.FTI(a)(3).

General. Holders of an examiner certificate shall:

1. (1)

   hold an equivalent licence, rating or certificate to the ones for which they are authorised to conduct skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence and the privilege to instruct for them;

2. (2)

   be qualified to act as PIC on the aircraft during a skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence when conducted on the aircraft.

Special conditions:

1. (1)

   In the case of introduction of new aircraft in the Member States or in an operator’s fleet, when compliance with the requirements in this Subpart is not possible, the competent authority may issue a specific certificate giving privileges for the conduct of skill tests and proficiency checks. Such a certificate shall be limited to the skill tests and proficiency checks necessary for the introduction of the new type of aircraft and its validity shall not, in any case, exceed 1 year.

2. (2)

   Holders of a certificate issued in accordance with (b)(1) who wish to apply for an examiner certificate shall comply with the prerequisites and revalidation requirements for that category of examiner.

Examination outside the territory of the Member States:

1. (1)

   Notwithstanding paragraph (a), in the case of skill tests and proficiency checks provided in an ATO located outside the territory of the Member States, the competent authority of the Member State may issue an examiner certificate to an applicant holding a pilot licence issued by a third country in accordance with ICAO Annex 1, provided that the applicant:

   1. (i)

      holds at least an equivalent licence, rating, or certificate to the one for which they are authorised to conduct skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence, and in any case at least a CPL;

   2. (ii)

      complies with the requirements established in this Subpart for the issue of the relevant examiner certificate; and

   3. (iii)

      demonstrates to the competent authority an adequate level of knowledge of European aviation safety rules to be able to exercise examiner privileges in accordance with this Part.

2. (2)

   The certificate referred to in paragraph (1) shall be limited to providing skill tests and proficiency tests/checks:

   1. (i)

      outside the territory of the Member States; and

   2. (ii)

      to pilots who have sufficient knowledge of the language in which the test/check is given.

Applicants for an examiner certificate shall undertake a standardisation course provided by the competent authority or by an ATO and approved by the competent authority.

The standardisation course shall consist of theoretical and practical instruction and shall include, at least:

1. (1)

   the conduct of 2 skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competences for the licences, ratings or certificates for which the applicant seeks the privilege to conduct tests and checks;

2. (2)

   instruction on the applicable requirements in this part and the applicable air operations requirements, the conduct of skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence, and their documentation and reporting;

3. (3)

   a briefing on the national administrative procedures, requirements for protection of personal data, liability, accident insurance and fees.

Holders of an examiner certificate shall not conduct skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence of an applicant for which the competent authority is not the same that issued the examiner’s certificate, unless:

1. (1)

   they have informed the competent authority of the applicant of their intention to conduct the skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence and of the scope of their privileges as examiners;

2. (2)

   they have received a briefing from the competent authority of the applicant on the elements mentioned in (b)(3).

Validity. An examiner certificate shall be valid for 3 years.

Revalidation. An examiner certificate shall be revalidated when the holder has, during the validity period of the certificate:

1. (1)

   conducted at least 2 skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence every year;

2. (2)

   attended an examiner refresher seminar provided by the competent authority or by an ATO and approved by the competent authority, during the last year of the validity period.

3. (3)

   One of the skill tests or proficiency checks completed during the last year of the validity period in accordance with (1) shall have been assessed by an inspector from the competent authority or by a senior examiner specifically authorised to do so by the competent authority responsible for the examiner’s certificate.

4. (4)

   When the applicant for the revalidation holds privileges for more than one category of examiner, combined revalidation of all examiner privileges may be achieved when the applicant complies with the requirements in (b)(1) and (2) and FCL.1020 for one of the categories of examiner certificate held, in agreement with the competent authority.

Renewal. If the certificate has expired, applicants shall comply with the requirements of (b)(2) and FCL.1020 before they can resume the exercise of the privileges.

An examiner certificate shall only be revalidated or renewed if the applicant demonstrates continued compliance with the requirements in FCL.1010 and FCL.1030.

When conducting skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence, examiners shall:

1. (1)

   ensure that communication with the applicant can be established without language barriers;

2. (2)

   verify that the applicant complies with all the qualification, training and experience requirements in this Part for the issue, revalidation or renewal of the licence, rating or certificate for which the skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence is taken;

3. (3)

   make the applicant aware of the consequences of providing incomplete, inaccurate or false information related to their training and flight experience.

After completion of the skill test or proficiency check, the examiner shall:

1. (1)

   inform the applicant of the result of the test. In the event of a partial pass or fail, the examiner shall inform the applicant that he/she may not exercise the privileges of the rating until a full pass has been obtained. The examiner shall detail any further training requirement and explain the applicant’s right of appeal;

2. (2)

   in the event of a pass in a proficiency check or assessment of competence for revalidation or renewal, endorse the applicant’s licence or certificate with the new expiry date of the rating or certificate, if specifically authorised for that purpose by the competent authority responsible for the applicant’s licence;

3. (3)

   provide the applicant with a signed report of the skill test or proficiency check and submit without delay copies of the report to the competent authority responsible for the applicant’s licence, and to the competent authority that issued the examiner certificate. The report shall include:

   1. (i)

      a declaration that the examiner has received information from the applicant regarding his/her experience and instruction, and found that experience and instruction complying with the applicable requirements in this Part;

   2. (ii)

      confirmation that all the required manoeuvres and exercises have been completed, as well as information on the verbal theoretical knowledge examination, when applicable. If an item has been failed, the examiner shall record the reasons for this assessment;

   3. (iii)

      the result of the test, check or assessment of competence.

Examiners shall maintain records for 5 years with details of all skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence performed and their results.

Upon request by the competent authority responsible for the examiner certificate, or the competent authority responsible for the applicant’s licence, examiners shall submit all records and reports, and any other information, as required for oversight activities.

FE(A). The privileges of an FE for aeroplanes are to conduct:

1. (1)

   skill tests for the issue of the PPL(A) and skill tests and proficiency checks for associated single-pilot class and type ratings, except for single-pilot high performance complex aeroplanes, provided that the examiner has completed at least 1 000 hours of flight time as a pilot on aeroplanes or TMGs, including at least 250 hours of flight instruction;

2. (2)

   skill tests for the issue of the CPL(A) and skill tests and proficiency checks for the associated single-pilot class and type ratings, except for single-pilot high performance complex aeroplanes, provided that the examiner has completed at least 2 000 hours of flight time as a pilot on aeroplanes or TMGs, including at least 250 hours of flight instruction;

3. (3)

   skill tests and proficiency checks for the LAPL(A), provided that the examiner has completed at least 500 hours of flight time as a pilot on aeroplanes or TMGs, including at least 100 hours of flight instruction;

4. (4)

   skill tests for the issue of a mountain rating, provided that the examiner has completed at least 500 hours of flight time as a pilot on aeroplanes or TMGs, including at least 500 take-offs and landings of flight instruction for the mountain rating.

FE(H). The privileges of an FE for helicopters are to conduct:

1. (1)

   skill tests for the issue of the PPL(H) and skill tests and proficiency checks for single-pilot single-engine helicopter type ratings entered in a PPL(H), provided that the examiner has completed 1 000 hours of flight time as a pilot on helicopters, including at least 250 hours of flight instruction;

2. (2)

   skill tests for the issue of the CPL(H) and skill tests and proficiency checks for single-pilot single-engine helicopter type ratings entered in a CPL(H), provided the examiner has completed 2 000 hours of flight time as pilot on helicopters, including at least 250 hours of flight instruction;

3. (3)

   skill tests and proficiency checks for single-pilot multi-engine helicopter type ratings entered in a PPL(H) or a CPL(H), provided the examiner has completed the requirements in (1) or (2), as applicable, and holds a CPL(H) or ATPL(H) and, when applicable, an IR(H);

4. (4)

   skill tests and proficiency checks for the LAPL(H), provided that the examiner has completed at least 500 hours of flight time as a pilot on helicopters, including at least 150 hours of flight instruction.

FE(As). The privileges of an FE for airships are to conduct skill tests for the issue of the PPL(As) and CPL(As) and skill tests and proficiency checks for the associated airship type ratings, provided that the examiner has completed 500 hours of flight time as a pilot on airships, including 100 hours of flight instruction.

FE(S). The privileges of an FE for sailplanes are to conduct:

1. (1)

   skill tests and proficiency checks for the SPL and the LAPL(S), provided that the examiner has completed 300 hours of flight time as a pilot on sailplanes or powered sailplanes, including 150 hours or 300 launches of flight instruction;

2. (2)

   proficiency checks for the extension of the SPL privileges to commercial operations, provided that the examiner has completed 300 hours of flight time as a pilot on sailplanes or powered sailplanes, including 90 hours of flight instruction;

3. (3)

   skill tests for the extension of the SPL or LAPL(S) privileges to TMG, provided that the examiner has completed 300 hours of flight time as a pilot on sailplanes or powered sailplanes, including 50 hours of flight instruction on TMG.

FE(B). The privileges of an FE for balloons are to conduct:

1. (1)

   skill tests for the issue of the BPL and the LAPL(B) and skill tests and proficiency checks for the extension of the privileges to another balloon class or group, provided that the examiner has completed 250 hours of flight time as a pilot on balloons, including 50 hours of flight instruction;

2. (2)

   proficiency checks for the extension of the BPL privileges to commercial operations, provided that the examiner has completed 300 hours of flight time as a pilot on balloons, of which 50 hours in the same group of balloons for which the extension is sought. The 300 hours of flight time shall include 50 hours of flight instruction.

TRE(A) and TRE(PL). The privileges of a TRE for aeroplanes or powered-lift aircraft are to conduct:

1. (1)

   skill tests for the initial issue of type ratings for aeroplanes or powered-lift aircraft, as applicable;

2. (2)

   proficiency checks for revalidation or renewal of type and IRs;

3. (3)

   skill tests for ATPL(A) issue;

4. (4)

   skill tests for MPL issue, provided that the examiner has complied with the requirements in FCL.925;

5. (5)

   assessments of competence for the issue, revalidation or renewal of a TRI or SFI certificate in the applicable aircraft category, provided that the examiner has completed at least 3 years as a TRE.

TRE(H). The privileges of a TRE(H) are to conduct:

1. (1)

   skill tests and proficiency checks for the issue, revalidation or renewal of helicopter type ratings;

2. (2)

   proficiency checks for the revalidation or renewal of IRs, or for the extension of the IR(H) from single-engine helicopters to multi-engine helicopters, provided the TRE(H) holds a valid IR(H);

3. (3)

   skill tests for ATPL(H) issue;

4. (4)

   assessments of competence for the issue, revalidation or renewal of a TRI(H) or SFI(H) certificate, provided that the examiner has completed at least 3 years as a TRE.

TRE(A) and TRE(PL). Applicants for a TRE certificate for aeroplanes and powered-lift aircraft shall:

1. (1)

   in the case of multi-pilot aeroplanes or powered-lift aircraft, have completed 1 500 hours of flight time as a pilot of multi-pilot aeroplanes or powered-lift aircraft, as applicable, of which at least 500 hours shall be as PIC;

2. (2)

   in the case of single-pilot high performance complex aeroplanes, have completed 500 hours of flight time as a pilot of single-pilot aeroplanes, of which at least 200 hours shall be as PIC;

3. (3)

   hold a CPL or ATPL and a TRI certificate for the applicable type;

4. (4)

   for the initial issue of an TRE certificate, have completed at least 50 hours of flight instruction as a TRI, FI or SFI in the applicable type or an FSTD representing that type.

TRE(H). Applicants for a TRE (H) certificate for helicopters shall:

1. (1)

   hold a TRI(H) certificate or, in the case of single-pilot single-engine helicopters, a valid FI(H) certificate, for the applicable type;

2. (2)

   for the initial issue of a TRE certificate, have completed 50 hours of flight instruction as a TRI, FI or SFI in the applicable type or an FSTD representing that type;

3. (3)

   in the case of multi-pilot helicopters, hold a CPL(H) or ATPL(H) and have completed 1 500 hours of flight as a pilot on multi-pilot helicopters, of which at least 500 hours shall be as PIC;

4. (4)

   in the case of single-pilot multi-engine helicopters:

   1. (i)

      have completed 1 000 hours of flight as pilot on helicopters, of which at least 500 hours shall be as PIC;

   2. (ii)

      hold a CPL(H) or ATPL(H) and, when applicable, a valid IR(H);

5. (5)

   in the case of single-pilot single-engine helicopters:

   1. (i)

      have completed 750 hours of flight as a pilot on helicopters, of which at least 500 hours shall be as PIC;

   2. (ii)

      hold a professional helicopter pilot licence.

6. (6)

   Before the privileges of a TRE(H) are extended from single-pilot multi-engine to multi-pilot multi-engine privileges on the same type of helicopter, the holder shall have at least 100 hours in multi-pilot operations on this type.

7. (7)

   In the case of applicants for the first multi-pilot multi-engine TRE certificate, the 1 500 hours of flight experience on multi-pilot helicopters required in (b)(3) may be considered to have been met if they have completed the 500 hours of flight time as PIC on a multi-pilot helicopter of the same type.

IRE(A). Applicants for an IRE certificate for aeroplanes shall hold an IRI(A) and have completed:

1. (1)

   2 000 hours of flight time as a pilot of aeroplanes; and

2. (2)

   450 hours of flight time under IFR, of which 250 hours shall be as an instructor.

IRE(H). Applicants for an IRE certificate for helicopters shall hold an IRI(H) and have completed:

1. (1)

   2 000 hours of flight time as a pilot on helicopters; and

2. (2)

   300 hours of instrument flight time on helicopters, of which 200 hours shall be as an instructor.

IRE(As). Applicants for an IRE certificate for airships shall hold an IRI(As) and have completed:

1. (1)

   500 hours of flight time as a pilot on airships; and

2. (2)

   100 hours of instrument flight time on airships, of which 50 hours shall be as an instructor.

SFE(A) and SFE(PL). The privileges of an SFE on aeroplanes or powered-lift aircraft are to conduct in an FFS:

1. (1)

   skill tests and proficiency checks for the issue, revalidation or renewal of type ratings for multi-pilot aeroplanes or powered-lift aircraft, as applicable;

2. (2)

   proficiency checks for revalidation or renewal of IRs, provided that the SFE complies with the requirements in FCL.1010.IRE for the applicable aircraft category;

3. (3)

   skill tests for ATPL(A) issue;

4. (4)

   skill tests for MPL issue, provided that the examiner has complied with the requirements in FCL.925;

5. (5)

   assessments of competence for the issue, revalidation or renewal of an SFI certificate in the relevant aircraft category, provided that the examiner has completed at least 3 years as an SFE.

SFE(H). The privileges of an SFE for helicopters are to conduct in an FFS:

1. (1)

   skill tests and proficiency checks for the issue, revalidation and renewal of type ratings; and

2. (2)

   proficiency checks for the revalidation and renewal of IRs, provided that the SFE complies with the requirements in FCL.1010.IRE(b);

3. (3)

   skill tests for ATPL(H) issue;

4. (4)

   skill tests and proficiency checks for the issue, revalidation or renewal of an SFI(H) certificate, provided that the examiner has completed at least 3 years as an SFE.

SFE(A). Applicants for an SFE certificate for aeroplanes shall:

1. (1)

   hold or have held an ATPL(A), a class or type rating and an SFI(A) certificate for the applicable type of aeroplane;

2. (2)

   have at least 1 500 hours of flight time as a pilot on multi-pilot aeroplanes;

3. (3)

   for the initial issue of an SFE certificate, have completed at least 50 hours of synthetic flight instruction as an SFI(A) on the applicable type.

SFE(H). Applicants for an SFE certificate for helicopters shall:

1. (1)

   hold or have held an ATPL(H), a type rating and an SFI(H) certificate for the applicable type of helicopter;

2. (2)

   have at least 1 000 hours of flight time as a pilot on multi-pilot helicopters;

3. (3)

   for the initial issue of an SFE certificate, have completed at least 50 hours of synthetic flight instruction as an SFI(H) on the applicable type.

FIE(A). The privileges of an FIE on aeroplanes are to conduct assessments of competence for the issue, revalidation or renewal of certificates for FI(A), CRI(A), IRI(A) and TRI(A) on single-pilot aeroplanes, provided that the relevant instructor certificate is held.

FIE(H). The privileges of an FIE on helicopters are to conduct assessments of competence for the issue, revalidation or renewal of certificates for FI(H), IRI(H) and TRI(H) on single-pilot helicopters, provided that the relevant instructor certificate is held.

FIE(As), (S), (B). The privileges of an FIE on sailplanes, powered sailplanes, balloons and airships are to conduct assessments of competence for the issue, revalidation or renewal of instructor certificates on the applicable aircraft category, provided that the relevant instructor certificate is held.

FIE(A). Applicants for an FIE certificate for aeroplanes shall:

in case of applicants wishing to conduct assessments of competence:

1. (1)

   hold the relevant instructor certificate, as applicable;

2. (2)

   have completed 2 000 hours of flight time as a pilot on aeroplanes or TMGs; and

3. (3)

   have at least 100 hours of flight time instructing applicants for an instructor certificate.

FIE(H). Applicants for an FIE certificate for helicopters shall:

1. (1)

   hold the relevant instructor certificate, as applicable;

2. (2)

   have completed 2 000 hours of flight time as pilot on helicopters;

3. (3)

   have at least 100 hours of flight time instructing applicants for an instructor certificate.

FIE(As). Applicants for an FIE certificate for airships shall:

1. (1)

   have completed 500 hours of flight time as a pilot on airships;

2. (2)

   have at least 20 hours of flight time instructing applicants for an FI(AS) certificate;

3. (3)

   hold the relevant instructor certificate.

FIE(S). Applicants for an FIE certificate for sailplanes shall:

1. (1)

   hold the relevant instructor certificate;

2. (2)

   have completed 500 hours of flight time as a pilot on sailplanes or powered sailplanes;

3. (3)

   have completed:

   1. (i)

      for applicants wishing to conduct assessments of competence on TMGs, 10 hours or 30 take-offs instructing applicants for an instructor certificate in TMGs;

   2. (ii)

      in all other cases, 10 hours or 30 launches instructing applicants for an instructor certificate.

FIE(B). Applicants for an FIE certificate for balloons shall:

1. (1)

   hold the relevant instructor certificate;

2. (2)

   have completed 350 hours of flight time as a pilot on balloons;

3. (3)

   have completed 10 hours instructing applicants for an instructor certificate.