Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/35Show full title

CHAPTER I U.K. GENERAL PROVISIONS

SECTION 1 U.K. Definitions and general principles

Article 1 U.K. Definitions

For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:

1.

alternative valuation methods' means valuation methods that are consistent with [F1 rules 2.1 and 2.2 of the PRA Rulebook on Valuation], other than those which solely use the quoted market prices for the same or similar assets or liabilities;

2.

‘scenario analysis’ means the analysis of the impact of a combination of adverse events;

3.

‘health insurance obligation’ means an insurance obligation that covers one or both of the following:

(i)

the provision of medical treatment or care including preventive or curative medical treatment or care due to illness, accident, disability or infirmity, or financial compensation for such treatment or care,

(ii)

financial compensation arising from illness, accident, disability or infirmity;

4.

‘medical expense insurance obligation’ means an insurance obligation that covers the provision or financial compensation referred to in point (3)(i);

5.

‘income protection insurance obligation’ means an insurance obligation that covers the financial compensation referred to in point (3)(ii) other than the financial compensation referred to in point (3)(i);

6.

‘workers compensation insurance obligation’ means an insurance obligation that covers the provision or financial compensation referred to in points (3)(i) and (ii) and which arises only from to accidents at work, industrial injury and occupational disease;

7.

‘health reinsurance obligation’ means a reinsurance obligation which arises from accepted reinsurance covering health insurance obligations;

8.

‘medical expense reinsurance obligation’ means a reinsurance obligation which arises from accepted reinsurance covering medical expense insurance obligations;

9.

‘income protection reinsurance obligation’ means a reinsurance obligation which arises from accepted reinsurance covering income protection insurance obligations;

10.

‘workers' compensation reinsurance obligation’ means a reinsurance obligation which arises from accepted reinsurance covering workers' compensation insurance obligations;

11.

‘written premiums’ means the premiums due to an insurance or reinsurance undertaking during a specified time period regardless of whether such premiums relate in whole or in part to insurance or reinsurance cover provided in a different time period;

12.

‘earned premiums’ means the premiums relating to the risk covered by the insurance or reinsurance undertaking during a specified time period;

13.

‘surrender’ means all possible ways to fully or partly terminate a policy, including the following:

(i)

voluntary termination of the policy with or without the payment of a surrender value;

(ii)

change of insurance or reinsurance undertaking by the policy holder;

(iii)

termination of the policy resulting from the policy holder's refusal to pay the premium;

14.

‘discontinuance’ of an insurance policy means surrender, lapse without value, making a contract paid-up, automatic non-forfeiture provisions or exercising other discontinuity options or not exercising continuity options;

15.

‘discontinuity options’ mean all legal or contractual policyholder rights which allow that policyholder to fully or partly terminate, surrender, decrease, restrict or suspend insurance cover or permit the insurance policy to lapse;

16.

‘continuity options’ mean all legal or contractual policyholder rights which allow that policyholder to fully or partly establish, renew, increase, extend or resume insurance or reinsurance cover;

17.

‘coverage of an internal model’ means the risks that are reflected in the probability distribution forecast underlying the internal model;

18.

‘scope of an internal model’ means the risks that the internal model is approved to cover; the scope of an internal model may include both risks which are and which are not reflected in the standard formula for the Solvency Capital Requirement;

18a.

‘[F2 securitisation’ [F3 has the meaning given in regulation 3(1) of the Securitisation Regulations 2024];

18b.

‘ STS securitisation ’ means

(a)

[F4 an STS securitisation as defined in regulation 9 of the Securitisation Regulations 2024,]F5 ...

(b)

[F6 an overseas STS securitisation as defined in regulation 12(2) of the Securitisation Regulations 2024][F7 , or

(c)

a qualifying EU securitisation as defined in regulation 12(3) of the Securitisation Regulations 2024];

19.

[F8 ‘ securitisation position ’ means a securitisation position within the meaning of [F9 regulation 3(1) of the Securitisation Regulations 2024];]

19a.

‘[F2 senior securitisation position’ means a senior securitisation position within the meaning of Article 242(6) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (1);]

20.

[F8 ‘ re-securitisation position ’ means an exposure to a re-securitisation [F10 as defined for the purposes of PRA rules under section 137G of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 relating to securitisation];

21.

‘ originator ’ means an originator within the meaning of [F11 regulation 3(1) of the Securitisation Regulations 2024];

22.

‘ sponsor ’ means a sponsor within the meaning of [F12 regulation 3(1) of the Securitisation Regulations 2024];

23.

‘ tranche ’ means tranche within the meaning of [F13 regulation 3(1) of the Securitisation Regulations 2024];]

24.

‘central bank’ means central bank within the meaning ofArticle 4(1)(46) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013.

25.

‘basis risk’ means the risk resulting from the situation in which the exposure covered by the risk-mitigation technique does not correspond to the risk exposure of the insurance or reinsurance undertaking;

26.

‘collateral arrangements’ means arrangements under which collateral providers do one of the following:

(a)

transfer full ownership of the collateral to the collateral taker for the purposes of securing or otherwise covering the performance of a relevant obligation;

(b)

provide collateral by way of security in favour of, or to, a collateral taker, and the legal ownership of the collateral remains with the collateral provider or a custodian when the security right is established;

27.

in relation to a set of items, ‘all possible combinations of two’ such items means all ordered pairs of items from that set;

28.

‘pooling arrangement’ means an arrangement whereby several insurance or reinsurance undertakings agree to share identified insurance risks in defined proportions. The parties insured by the members of the pooling arrangement are not themselves members of the pooling arrangement.

29.

‘pool exposure of type A’ means the risk ceded by an insurance or reinsurance undertaking to a pooling arrangement where the insurance or reinsurance undertaking is not a party to that pooling arrangement.

30.

‘pool exposure of type B’ means the risk ceded by an insurance or reinsurance undertaking to another member of a pooling arrangement, where the insurance or reinsurance undertaking is a party to that pooling arrangement;

31.

‘pool exposure of type C’ means the risk ceded by an insurance or reinsurance undertaking which is a party to a pooling arrangement to another insurance or reinsurance undertaking which is not a member of that pooling arrangement.

32.

‘deep market’ means a market where transactions involving a large quantity of financial instruments can take place without significantly affecting the price of the instruments.

33.

‘liquid market’ means a market where financial instruments can readily be converted through an act of buying or selling without causing a significant movement in the price.

34.

‘transparent market’ means a market where current trade and price information is readily available to the public, in particular to the insurance or reinsurance undertakings.

35.

‘future discretionary bonuses’ and ‘future discretionary benefits’ mean future benefits other than index-linked or unit-linked benefits of insurance or reinsurance contracts which have one of the following characteristics:

(a)

they are legally or contractually based on one or more of the following results:

(i)

the performance of a specified group of contracts or a specified type of contract or a single contract;

(ii)

the realised or unrealised investment return on a specified pool of assets held by the insurance or reinsurance undertaking;

(iii)

the profit or loss of the insurance or reinsurance undertaking or fund corresponding to the contract;

(b)

they are based on a declaration of the insurance or reinsurance undertaking and the timing or the amount of the benefits is at its full or partial discretion;

35a.

[F14 “matching adjustment” has the meaning given in rules made by the PRA under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, as they have effect from time to time;

35b.

“assigned portfolio of assets” means the portfolio referred to in regulation 4(3) of the Insurance and Reinsurance Undertakings (Prudential Requirements) Regulations 2023;]

36.

‘basic risk-free interest rate term structure’ means a risk-free interest rate term structure which is derived in the same way as the relevant risk-free interest rate term structure to be used to calculate the best estimate referred to in Article 77(2) of Directive 2009/138/EC but without application of a matching adjustment or a volatility adjustment or a transitional adjustment to the relevant risk-free rate structure in accordance with Article 308c of that Directive;

37.

‘matching adjustment portfolio’ means a portfolio of insurance or reinsurance obligations to which the matching adjustment is applied and the assigned portfolio of assets F15 ....

38.

‘SLT Health obligations’ means health insurance obligations that are assigned to the lines of business for life insurance obligations in accordance with Article 55(1).

39.

‘NSLT Health obligations’ means health insurance obligations that are assigned to the lines of business for non-life insurance obligations in accordance with Article 55(1).

40.

‘Collective investment undertaking’ means an undertaking for collective investment in transferable securities (UCITS) as defined in Article 1(2) of Directive 2009/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council(2) or an alternative investment fund (AIF) as defined in Article 4(1)(a) of Directive 2011/61/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council(3);

41.

in relation to an insurance or reinsurance undertaking, ‘major business unit’ means a defined segment of the insurance and reinsurance undertaking that operates independently from other parts of the undertaking and has dedicated governance resources and procedures within the undertaking and which contains risks that are material in relation to the entire business of the undertaking;

42.

in relation to an insurance or reinsurance group, ‘major business unit’ means a defined segment of the group that operates independently from other parts of the group and has dedicated governance resources and procedures within the group and which contains risks that are material in relation to the entire business of the group; any legal entity belonging to the group is a major business unit or consists of several major business units;

43.

‘administrative, management or supervisory body’ shall mean, where a two-tier board system comprising of a management body and a supervisory body is provided for under national law, the management body or the supervisory body or both of those bodies as specified in the relevant national legislation or, where nobody is specified in the relevant national legislation, the management body;

44.

‘aggregate maximum risk exposure’ means the sum of the maximum payments, including expenses that the special purpose vehicles may incur, excluding expenses that meet all of the following criteria:

(a)

the special purpose vehicle has the right to require the insurance or reinsurance undertaking which has transferred risks to the special purpose vehicle to pay the expense;

(b)

the special purpose vehicle is not required to pay the expense unless and until an amount equal to the expense has been received from the insurance or reinsurance undertaking which has transferred the risks to the special purpose vehicle;

(c)

the insurance or reinsurance undertaking which has transferred risks to the special purpose vehicle does not include the expense as an amount recoverable from the special purpose vehicle in accordance with Article 41 of this Regulation.

45.

‘existing insurance or reinsurance contract’ means an insurance or reinsurance contract for which insurance or reinsurance obligations have been recognised;

46.

‘the expected profit included in future premiums’ means the expected present value of future cash flows which result from the inclusion in technical provisions of premiums relating to existing insurance and reinsurance contracts that are expected to be received in the future, but that may not be received for any reason, other than because the insured event has occurred, regardless of the legal or contractual rights of the policyholder to discontinue the policy.

47.

‘mortgage insurance’ means credit insurance that provides cover to lenders in case their mortgage loans default.

48.

‘subsidiary undertaking’ means any subsidiary undertaking within the meaning of Article 22(1) and (2) of Directive 2013/34/EU, including subsidiaries thereof;

49.

[F16 ‘related undertaking’ has the meaning given in the Solvency 2 Regulations 2015;]

50.

‘regulated undertaking’ means ‘regulated entity’ within the meaning of [F17 regulation 1(2) of the Financial Conglomerates and Other Financial Groups Regulations 2004];

51.

‘non-regulated undertaking’ means any undertaking other than those listed in [F18 regulation 1(2) of the Financial Conglomerates and Other Financial Groups Regulations 2004];

52.

‘non-regulated undertaking carrying out financial activities’ means a non-regulated undertaking which carries one or more of the activities referred to in Annex I of Directive 2013/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council(4) where those activities constitute a significant part of its overall activity;

53.

‘ancillary services undertaking’ means a non-regulated undertaking the principal activity of which consists of owning or managing property, managing data-processing services, health and care services or any other similar activity which is ancillary to the principal activity of one or more insurance or reinsurance undertakings.

54.

[F19 ‘UCITS management company’ has the same meaning as given to “management company” in section 237 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000;]

55.

[F19 ‘alternative investment fund manager’ has the meaning given in regulation 4(1) of the Alternative Investment Managers Regulations 2013;]

55a.

[F20 ‘ infrastructure assets ’ means physical assets, structures or facilities, systems and networks that provide or support essential public services;

55b.

‘ infrastructure entity ’ means an entity or corporate group which, during the most recent financial year of that entity or group for which figures are available or in a financing proposal, derives the substantial majority of its revenues from owning, financing, developing or operating infrastructure assets;]

56.

[F19 ‘institutions for occupational retirement provision’ means an institution, irrespective of its legal form, operating on a funded basis, established separately from any sponsoring undertaking or trade for the purpose of providing retirement benefits in the context of an occupational activity on the basis of an agreement or a contract agreed:

(a)

individually or collectively between the employers and the employees or their respective representatives; or

(b)

with self-employed persons, in compliance with United Kingdom legislation;

and which carries out activities directly arising therefrom;]

57.

[F19 ‘domestic insurance undertaking’ means an undertaking authorised and supervised by third-country supervisory authorities which would require authorisation as an insurance undertaking if its head office were situated in the United Kingdom;]

58.

[F19 ‘domestic reinsurance undertaking’ means an undertaking authorised and supervised by third-country supervisory authorities which would require authorisation as a reinsurance undertaking if its head office were situated in the United Kingdom;]

58A.

[F21 ‘PRA’ means the Prudential Regulation Authority;]

58B.

[F19 ‘insurance undertaking’ means an undertaking which—

(a)

has its head office in the United Kingdom,

(b)

has permission under Part 4A of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 to carry on one or more regulated activities, and

(c)

would require authorisation in accordance with Article 14 of the Solvency 2 Directive if the United Kingdom were a member State;

58C.

‘reinsurance undertaking’ means an undertaking which—

(a)

has its head office in the United Kingdom,

(b)

has permission under Part 4A of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 to carry on one or more regulated activities,

(c)

effects or carries out contracts of insurance that are limited to reinsurance contracts, and

(d)

would require authorisation in accordance with Article 14 of the Solvency 2 Directive if the United Kingdom were a member State;

58D.

‘supervisory authority’ means—

(a)

in relation to insurance or reinsurance undertakings, the PRA; and

(b)

in relation to third-country insurance or reinsurance undertakings, the national authority, or national authorities, empowered to supervise third-country insurance or reinsurance undertakings;

58E.

‘special purpose vehicle’ means any undertaking, whether incorporated or not, other than an existing insurance or reinsurance undertaking, which—

(a)

assumes risks from insurance or reinsurance undertakings (or third country insurance or reinsurance undertakings); and

(b)

fully funds its exposure to such risks through the proceeds of a debt issuance or any other financing mechanism where the repayment rights of the providers of such debt or financing mechanism are subordinated to the reinsurance obligations of such an undertaking;

58F.

in the definition of “aggregate maximum risk exposure” and Chapter XV of Title 1 of this Regulation, reference to an insurance or reinsurance undertaking in connection with—

(a)

the transfer of risk from that undertaking to a special purpose vehicle; or

(b)

the assumption of risk by a special purpose vehicle from the insurance or reinsurance undertaking,

includes a reference to a third country insurance or reinsurance undertaking;]

59.

‘[F22 CCP’ means a CCP as defined in point (1) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council (5) ;

60.

‘ bankruptcy remote ’ , in relation to client assets, means that effective arrangements exist which ensure that those assets will not be available to the creditors of a CCP or of a clearing member in the event of the insolvency of that CCP or clearing member respectively, or that the assets will not be available to the clearing member to cover losses it incurred following the default of a client or clients other than those that provided those assets;

61.

‘ client ’ means a client as defined in point (15) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 or an undertaking that has established indirect clearing arrangements with a clearing member in accordance with Article 4(3) of that Regulation;

62.

‘ clearing member ’ means a clearing member as defined in point (14) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 648/2012;

63.

‘ CCP-related transaction ’ means a contract or a transaction listed in paragraph 1 of Article 301 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 between a client and a clearing member that is directly related to a contract or a transaction listed in that paragraph between that clearing member and a CCP.]

64.

[F23 References in this Regulation to the following Directives, or to provisions of those Directives, are to be read as references to the United Kingdom law which implemented those Directives, or provisions of those Directives, unless stated otherwise:

(a)

Directive 2002/87/EC;

(b)

Directive 2003/41/EC;

(c)

Directive 2005/60/EC;

(d)

Directive 2009/13/EC;

(e)

Directive 2009/65/EC;

(f)

Directive 2009/138/EC;

(g)

Directive 2011/61/EU;

(h)

Directive 2013/36/EU;

(i)

Directive 2014/65/EU.

65.

References in this Regulation to the PRA Rulebook is to the rulebook published by the PRA containing rules made by the PRA under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 as the rulebook has effect on [F24 17th August 2022].

66.

References to the United Kingdom law which implemented a Directive, or any provision of a Directive, are, except in Title III, to the law of the United Kingdom which was relied on by the United Kingdom immediately before IP completion day to implement the Directive in question and its implementing measures (if any)—

(a)

as it has effect on [F25 17th August 2022], in the case of rules made by the Financial Conduct Authority or by the PRA under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, and

(b)

as amended from time to time, in all other cases.

67.

Any expression in this Regulation which is not defined in this Article—

(a)

which is defined in regulation 2 of the Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (as amended under the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018) (“ the Solvency 2 Regulations ”) has the meaning given in that regulation;

(b)

which is defined in the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (as so amended) (“FSMA”), but not in the Solvency 2 Regulations, has the meaning given in FSMA;

(c)

which is defined in Directive 2009/138/EC, but not in the Solvency 2 Regulations or in FSMA, has the meaning given in that Directive as it had effect immediately before IP completion day.

68.

‘external credit assessment institution or ‘ECAI’ and ‘nominated ECAI’, have the meaning given in Article 4(98) and (99), respectively, of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions and investment firms and amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012.]]

Textual Amendments

F1 Words in Art. 1(1) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Solvency 2 and Insurance (Amendment, etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/407), regs. 1(2), 11(2)(a) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1385, regs. 1(2), 54(2) and with savings in S.I. 2019/680, reg. 11)

F2 Inserted by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/1221 of 1 June 2018 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/35 as regards the calculation of regulatory capital requirements for securitisations and simple, transparent and standardised securitisations held by insurance and reinsurance undertakings (Text with EEA relevance).

F3 Words in Art. 1(18a) substituted (1.11.2024) by The Securitisation (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/705), reg. 1(3), Sch. 2 para. 27(a)

F4 Art. 1(18b)(a) substituted (1.11.2024) by The Securitisation (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/705), reg. 1(3), Sch. 2 para. 27(b)(i)

F5 Word in Art. 1(18b)(a) omitted (1.11.2024) by virtue of The Securitisation (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/705), reg. 1(3), Sch. 2 para. 27(b)(ii)

F6 Art. 1(18b)(b) substituted (30.1.2024 for specified purposes, 1.11.2024 in so far as not already in force) by The Securitisation Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/102), reg. 2(1)(e)(2), Sch. 2 para. 3 (with Sch. 3) (as amended by S.I. 2024/705, regs. 1(2), 2(2))

F7 Art. 1(18b)(c) and word inserted (1.11.2024) by The Securitisation (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/705), reg. 1(3), Sch. 2 para. 27(b)(iii)

F8 Substituted by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/1221 of 1 June 2018 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/35 as regards the calculation of regulatory capital requirements for securitisations and simple, transparent and standardised securitisations held by insurance and reinsurance undertakings (Text with EEA relevance).

F9 Words in Art. 1(19) substituted (1.11.2024) by The Securitisation (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/705), reg. 1(3), Sch. 2 para. 27(c)

F10 Words in Art. 1(20) substituted (1.11.2024) by The Securitisation (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/705), reg. 1(3), Sch. 2 para. 27(d)

F11 Words in Art. 1(21) substituted (1.11.2024) by The Securitisation (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/705), reg. 1(3), Sch. 2 para. 27(e)

F12 Words in Art. 1(22) substituted (1.11.2024) by The Securitisation (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/705), reg. 1(3), Sch. 2 para. 27(f)

F13 Words in Art. 1(23) substituted (1.11.2024) by The Securitisation (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/705), reg. 1(3), Sch. 2 para. 27(g)

F14 Art. 1(35a)(35b) inserted (30.6.2024) by The Insurance and Reinsurance Undertakings (Prudential Requirements) (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/594), regs. 1(2), 6(2)(a) (with reg. 3)

F15 Words in Art. 1(37) omitted (30.6.2024) by virtue of The Insurance and Reinsurance Undertakings (Prudential Requirements) (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/594), regs. 1(2), 6(2)(b) (with reg. 3)

F16 Art. 1(49) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Solvency 2 and Insurance (Amendment, etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/407), regs. 1(2), 11(2)(b) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1385, regs. 1(2), 54(2) and with savings in S.I. 2019/680, reg. 11)

F17 Words in Art. 1(50) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Solvency 2 and Insurance (Amendment, etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/407), regs. 1(2), 11(2)(c) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1385, regs. 1(2), 54(2) and with savings in S.I. 2019/680, reg. 11)

F18 Words in Art. 1(51) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Solvency 2 and Insurance (Amendment, etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/407), regs. 1(2), 11(2)(d) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1385, regs. 1(2), 54(2) and with savings in S.I. 2019/680, reg. 11)

F19 Art. 1(54)-(58F) substituted for Art. 1(54)-(58) (31.12.2020) by The Solvency 2 and Insurance (Amendment, etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/407), regs. 1(2), 11(2)(e) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1233, regs. 1(3), 4(2)(a); S.I. 2019/1390, regs. 1(4), 11(3)(a)(i); S.I. 2020/1385, regs. 1(2), 54(2); and with savings in S.I. 2019/680, reg. 11)

F20 Substituted by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/1542 of 8 June 2017 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/35 concerning the calculation of regulatory capital requirements for certain categories of assets held by insurance and reinsurance undertakings (infrastructure corporates) (Text with EEA relevance).

F21 Art. 1(58A) inserted (31.12.2020) by The Electronic Commerce and Solvency 2 (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/1361), regs. 1(2), 2(2) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1390, regs. 1(2), 6); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

F22 Inserted by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/981 of 8 March 2019 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/35 supplementing Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the taking-up and pursuit of the business of Insurance and Reinsurance (Solvency II) (Text with EEA relevance).

F23 Art. 1(64)-(67) inserted (31.12.2020) by The Solvency 2 and Insurance (Amendment, etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/407), regs. 1(2), 11(2)(f) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1212, regs. 1(3), 18(2)(a) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1301, regs. 1, 3, Sch. para. 45(c)(i)); S.I. 2019/1233, regs. 1(3), 4(2)(b); S.I. 2019/1390, regs. 1(4), 11(3)(a)(ii) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1301, regs. 1, 3, Sch. para. 49(b)); S.I. 2020/1301, regs. 1, 3, Sch. para. 27(d); S.I. 2020/1385, regs. 1(2), 54(2); and with savings in S.I. 2019/680, reg. 11)

F24 Words in Art. 1(65) substituted (17.8.2022) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Consequential Amendments of References to Rules and Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/854), regs. 1(2), 3(a)

F25 Words in Art. 1(66)(a) substituted (17.8.2022) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Consequential Amendments of References to Rules and Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/854), regs. 1(2), 3(b)

Article 2 U.K. Expert judgement

1. Where insurance and reinsurance undertakings make assumptions about rules relating to the valuation of assets and liabilities, technical provisions, own funds, solvency capital requirements, minimum capital requirements and investment rules, these assumptions shall be based on the expertise of persons with relevant knowledge, experience and understanding of the risks inherent in the insurance or reinsurance business.

2. Insurance and reinsurance undertakings shall, taking due account of the principle of proportionality, ensure that internal users of the relevant assumptions are informed about their relevant content, their degree of reliability and their limitations. For that purpose, service providers to whom functions or activities have been outsourced shall be considered to be internal users.

SECTION 2 U.K. [F26 Technical standards]

[F27 Article 3 U.K. The PRA's powers to make technical standards and publish technical information

1. For the purposes of using credit assessments from external credit assessment institutions (ECAIs) in the calculation of the Solvency Capital Requirement in accordance with the standard formula, the PRA may make technical standards on the allocation of credit assessments from ECAIs to an objective scale of credit quality steps.

2. The objective scale of credit quality steps referred to in Article 109a(1) of Directive 2009/138/EC must include credit quality steps 0 to 6.

3. The allocation of credit quality steps referred to in paragraph 1 must be consistent with the use of external credit assessments from ECAIs in the calculation of the capital requirements for credit institutions as defined in Article 4(1)(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and financial institutions as defined in Article 4(1) (26) thereof.

4. For the purposes of facilitating the calculation of the market risk module referred to in rule 3.11 of the Solvency Capital Requirement – Standard Formula part of the PRA Rulebook, facilitating the calculation of the counterparty default risk module referred to in rule 3.12 of that part of the Rulebook, evaluating risk mitigation techniques referred to in rule 3.5 of the Solvency Capital Requirement – General Provisions part of the PRA Rulebook, and calculating technical provisions, the PRA may make technical standards on:

(a) lists of regional governments and local authorities, exposures to whom are to be treated as exposures to the central government of the jurisdiction in which they are established, provided that there is no difference in risk between such exposures because of the specific revenue-raising powers of the former, and specific institutional arrangements exist, the effect of which is to reduce the risk of default;

(b) the equity index referred to in Article 172(1) of this Regulation, in accordance with the detailed criteria established in Article 172;

(c) the adjustments to be made for currencies pegged to the euro in the currency risk sub-module referred to in rule 3.11 of the Solvency Capital Requirement – Standard Formula part of the PRA Rulebook, in accordance with the detailed criteria for the adjustments for currencies pegged to the euro for the purpose of facilitating the calculation of the currency risk sub-module.

5. The PRA must publish technical information including information concerning the symmetric adjustment referred to in the Solvency Capital Requirement – Standard Formula part of the PRA Rulebook on at least a quarterly basis.

6. For the purpose of facilitating the calculation of the health underwriting risk module referred to in rule 3.10 of the Solvency Capital Requirement – Standard Formula part of the PRA Rulebook, the PRA may make technical standards on standard deviations in relation to specific national legislative measures of third countries which permit the sharing of claims payments in respect of health risk amongst insurance and reinsurance undertakings and which meet the criteria in paragraph 7.

7. The technical standards referred to in paragraph 6 must apply only to the national legislative measures of third countries which permit the sharing of claims payments in respect of health risk amongst insurance and reinsurance undertakings and which meet the following criteria:

(a) the mechanism for the sharing of claims is transparent and fully specified in advance of the annual period to which it applies;

(b) the mechanism for the sharing of claims, the number of insurance undertakings that participate in the health risk equalisation system (HRES) and the risk characteristics of the business subject to the HRES ensure that for each undertaking participating in the HRES the volatility of annual losses of the business subject to the HRES is significantly reduced by means of the HRES, both in relation to premium and to reserve risk;

(c) health insurance subject to the HRES is compulsory and serves as a partial or complete alternative to health cover provided by the statutory social security system;

(d) in the event of default of insurance undertakings participating in the HRES, one or more Member States' governments guarantee to meet the policy holder claims of the insurance business that is subject to the HRES in full.]

Textual Amendments

F27 Art. 3 substituted (31.12.2020) by The Solvency 2 and Insurance (Amendment, etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/407), regs. 1(2), 11(4) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1390, regs. 1(4), 11(3)(b); S.I. 2020/1385, regs. 1(2), 54(2); and with savings in S.I. 2019/680, reg. 11); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Article 4 U.K. General requirements on the use of credit assessments

1. Insurance or reinsurance undertakings may use an external credit assessment for the calculation of the Solvency Capital Requirement in accordance with the standard formula only where it has been issued by an External Credit Assessment Institution (ECAI) or endorsed by an ECAI in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1060/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council(6).

2. Insurance or reinsurance undertakings shall nominate one or more ECAI to be used for the calculation of the Solvency Capital Requirement according to the standard formula.

3. The use of credit assessments shall be consistent and such assessments shall not be used selectively

4. When using credit assessments, insurance and reinsurance undertakings shall comply with all of the following requirements:

(a) where an insurance or reinsurance undertaking decides to use the credit assessments produced by a nominated ECAI for a certain class of items, it shall use those credit assessments consistently for all items belonging to that class;

(b) where an insurance or reinsurance undertaking decides to use the credit assessments produced by a nominated ECAI, it shall use them in a continuous and consistent way over time;

(c) an insurance or reinsurance undertaking shall only use nominated ECAI credit assessments that take into account all amounts of principal and interest owed to it;

(d) where only one credit assessment is available from a nominated ECAI for a rated item, that credit assessment shall be used to determine the capital requirements for that item;

(e) where two credit assessments are available from nominated ECAIs and they correspond to different parameters for a rated item, the assessment generating the higher capital requirement shall be used;

(f) where more than two credit assessments are available from nominated ECAIs for a rated item, the two assessments generating the two lowest capital requirements shall be used. If the two lowest capital requirements are different, the assessment generating the higher capital requirement of those two credit assessments shall be used. If the two lowest capital requirements are the same, the assessment generating that capital requirement shall be used;

(g) where available, insurance and reinsurance undertakings shall use both solicited and unsolicited credit assessments.

5. Where an item is part of the larger or more complex exposures of the insurance or reinsurance undertaking, the undertaking shall produce its own internal credit assessment of the item and allocate it to one of the seven steps in a credit quality assessment scale. Where the own internal credit assessment generates a lower capital requirement than the one generated by the credit assessments available from nominated ECAIs, then the own internal credit assessment shall not be taken into account for the purposes of this Regulation.

[F8 6 . For the purposes of paragraph 5, the larger or more complex exposures of an undertaking shall include securitisation positions as referred to in Article 178(8) and (9) and re-securitisation positions.]

Textual Amendments

F8 Substituted by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/1221 of 1 June 2018 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/35 as regards the calculation of regulatory capital requirements for securitisations and simple, transparent and standardised securitisations held by insurance and reinsurance undertakings (Text with EEA relevance).

Article 5 U.K. Issuers and issue credit assessment

1. Where a credit assessment exists for a specific issuing program or facility to which the item constituting the exposure belongs, that credit assessment shall be used.

2. Where no directly applicable credit assessment exists for a certain item, but a credit assessment exists for a specific issuing program or facility to which the item constituting the exposure does not belong or a general credit assessment exists for the issuer, that credit assessment shall be used in either of the following cases:

(a) it produces the same or higher capital requirement than would otherwise be the case and the exposure in question ranks pari passu or junior in all respects to the specific issuing program or facility or to senior unsecured exposures of that issuer, as relevant;

(b) it produces the same or lower capital requirement than would otherwise be the case and the exposure in question ranks pari passu or senior in all respects to the specific issuing program or facility or to senior unsecured exposures of that issuer, as relevant.

In all other cases, insurance or reinsurance undertakings shall consider that there is no credit assessment by a nominated ECAI available for the exposure.

3. Credit assessments for issuers within a corporate group shall not be used as the credit assessment for another issuer within the same corporate group.

Article 6 U.K. Double credit rating for securitisation positions

By way of derogation from Article 4(4)(d), where only one credit assessment is available from a nominated ECAI for a securitisation position, that credit assessment shall not be used. The capital requirements for that item shall be derived as if no credit assessment by a nominated ECAI is available.

Textual Amendments

F26 Title 1 Ch. 1 Section 2 heading substituted (31.12.2020) by The Solvency 2 and Insurance (Amendment, etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/407), regs. 1(2), 11(3) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1385, regs. 1(2), 54(2) and with savings in S.I. 2019/680, reg. 11)

(1)

[F2 Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions and investment firms and amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 ( OJ L 176, 27.6.2013, p. 1 ).]

(2)

Directive 2009/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (UCITS)(OJ L 302, 17.11.2009, p. 32).

(3)

Directive 2011/61/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2011 on Alternative Investment Fund Managers and amending Directives 2003/41/EC and 2009/65/EC and Regulations (EC) No 1060/2009 and (EU) No 1095/2010 (OJ L 174, 1.7.2011, p. 1).

(4)

Directive 2013/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on access to the activity of credit institutions and the prudential supervision of credit institutions and investment firms, amending Directive 2002/87/EC and repealing Directives 2006/48/EC and 2006/49/EC (OJ L 176, 27.6.2013, p. 338).

(5)

[F22 Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on OTC derivatives, central counterparties and trade repositories ( OJ L 201, 27.7.2012, p. 1 ).]

(6)

Regulation (EC) No 1060/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 on credit rating agencies (OJ L 302, 17.11.2009, p. 1).

Textual Amendments

F2 Inserted by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/1221 of 1 June 2018 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/35 as regards the calculation of regulatory capital requirements for securitisations and simple, transparent and standardised securitisations held by insurance and reinsurance undertakings (Text with EEA relevance).

F22 Inserted by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/981 of 8 March 2019 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/35 supplementing Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the taking-up and pursuit of the business of Insurance and Reinsurance (Solvency II) (Text with EEA relevance).