Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/68Show full title

Article 2 Definitions

The definitions of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall apply. In addition, the following definitions shall apply:

(1)

‘braking system’ means the combination of parts whose function is progressively to reduce the speed of a moving vehicle or to bring it to a halt, or to keep it stationary if it has already halted; the system consists of the control device, the transmission and the brake;

(2)

‘service braking system’ means the braking system that enables the driver to control the movement of the vehicle and to halt it safely, speedily and effectively, for all the range of speed and load that the vehicle is approved to operate, on any up or down gradient;

(3)

‘graduated braking’ means braking which, within the normal range of operation of the equipment, during either the application or the releasing of the brakes, fulfils all the following conditions:

(a)

the driver can, at any time, increase or reduce the braking force through action of the control device;

(b)

the braking force acts in the same direction as the action on the control device (monotonic function);

(c)

it is easily possible to make a sufficiently fine adjustment to the braking force;

(4)

‘control device’ means the device actuated directly by the driver to supply to the transmission the energy required for braking or controlling it. This energy may be the muscular energy of the driver, or energy from another source controlled by the driver, or in appropriate cases the kinetic energy of a towed vehicle, or a combination of these various kinds of energy;

(5)

‘transmission’ means the combination of components comprised between the control device and the brake, excluding the control lines between tractors and towed vehicles and supply lines between tractors and towed vehicles, and linking them functionally through mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or electric means or through the use of a combination of those means; where the braking power is derived from or assisted by a source of energy independent of the driver, the reserve of energy in the system is likewise part of the transmission;

(6)

‘control transmission’ means the combination of the components of the transmission which control the operation of the brakes and of the necessary reserve(s) of energy;

(7)

‘energy transmission’ means the combination of the components which supply to the brakes the necessary energy for their function;

(8)

‘friction brake’ means a brake where forces are generated by the friction between two parts of the vehicle moving relatively to one another;

(9)

‘fluid brake’ means a brake where forces are generated by the action of a fluid situated between two parts of the vehicle moving relatively to one another; the fluid is liquid in the case of a ‘hydraulic brake’ and air in the case of a ‘pneumatic brake’;

(10)

‘engine brake’ means a brake where forces are derived from a controlled increase in the braking action of the engine transmitted to the wheels;

(11)

‘parking braking system’ means a system that enables the vehicle to be held stationary on an up or down gradient even in the absence of the driver;

(12)

‘continuous braking’ means the braking of vehicles constituting a combination of vehicles through an installation having all the following characteristics:

(a)

a single control device which the driver actuates progressively, by a single movement, from his driving seat;

(b)

the energy used for braking the vehicles constituting the combination of vehicles is supplied from the same source;

(c)

the braking installation ensures simultaneous or suitably phased braking of each of the constituent vehicles of the combination, whatever their relative positions;

(13)

‘semi-continuous braking’ means the braking of vehicles constituting a combination of vehicles through an installation having all the following characteristics:

(a)

a single control device which the driver actuates progressively, by a single movement, from his driving seat;

(b)

the energy used for braking the vehicles constituting the combination of vehicles is supplied from two different sources;

(c)

the braking installation ensures simultaneous or suitably phased braking of each of the constituent vehicles of the combination, wherever their relative positions;

(14)

‘automatic braking’ means braking of the towed vehicle or towed vehicles occurring automatically in the event of separation of any of the vehicles constituting the combination of vehicles, including such separation through coupling breakage, without the effectiveness of the remainder of the combination being affected;

(15)

‘inertia braking’ means braking by utilising the forces generated by the towed vehicle's moving up on the tractor;

(16)

‘non-disengageable transmission’ means the transmission for which either pressure or force or torque are continuously transmitted at any time during travelling of the vehicle in the drive train between the vehicle engine and the wheels and in the braking system between the brake control device and the wheels;

(17)

‘laden vehicle’ means a vehicle loaded at its technically permissible maximum laden mass;

(18)

‘wheel load’ means the vertical static force of the road surface in the contact area on the wheel;

(19)

‘axle load’ means the sum of the vertical static forces of the road surface in the contact area on the wheels of the axle;

(20)

‘maximum stationary wheel load’ means the stationary wheel load achieved under the condition of the technically permissible maximum laden mass of the vehicle;

(21)

‘maximum stationary axle load’ means the stationary axle load achieved under the condition of the technically permissible maximum laden mass of the vehicle;

(22)

‘towed vehicle’ means a trailer as defined in Article 3(9) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 or an interchangeable towed equipment as defined in Article 3(10) of that Regulation;

(23)

‘drawbar towed vehicle’ means a towed vehicle of category R or S with at least two axles of which at least one is a steered axle, equipped with a towing device which can move vertically in relation to the towed vehicle and which transmits no significant static vertical load to the tractor;

(24)

‘centre-axle towed vehicle’ a towed vehicle of category R or S where one or more axles are positioned close to the centre of gravity of the vehicle when uniformly loaded so that only a small static vertical load, not exceeding 10 % of that corresponding to the maximum mass of the towed vehicle or a load of 1 000 daN, whichever is less, is transmitted to the tractor;

(25)

‘rigid drawbar towed vehicle’ means a towed vehicle of category R or S with one axle or one group of axles fitted with a drawbar which transmits a significant static load to the tractor due to its construction and which does not meet the definition of a centre-axle towed vehicle; the coupling to be used for a vehicle combination shall not consist of a king pin and a fifth wheel; some slight vertical movement may occur at a rigid drawbar; a hydraulically adjustable articulated drawbar is considered to be a rigid drawbar;

(26)

‘endurance braking system’ means an additional braking system having the capability to provide and to maintain a braking effect over a long period of time without a significant reduction in performance, including the control device which may comprise a single device or a combination of several devices each of which may have its own control;

(27)

‘electronically controlled braking system’ (EBS) means a braking system where the control is generated and processed as an electrical signal in the control transmission and electrical output signals to devices which generate actuating forces produced from stored or generated energy;

(28)

‘automatically commanded braking’ means a function within a complex electronic control system where actuation of the braking system or brakes of certain axles is made for the purpose of generating vehicle retardation with or without a direct action of the driver, resulting from the automatic evaluation of on board initiated information;

(29)

‘selective braking’ means a function within a complex electronic control system where actuation of individual brakes is made by automatic means and where vehicle retardation is secondary to vehicle behaviour modification;

(30)

‘electric control line’ means the electrical connection between two vehicles which provides the braking control function to a towed vehicle within a combination; it comprises the electrical wiring and connector and includes the parts for data communication and the electrical energy supply for the towed vehicle control transmission;

(31)

‘spring compression chamber’ means the chamber where the pressure variation that induces the compression of the spring is actually produced;

(32)

‘hydrostatic drive’ means a type of vehicle propulsion which uses a hydrostatic transmission, with open or closed circuit, in which fluid circulates as the energy medium between one or more hydraulic pumps and one or more hydraulic motors;

(33)

‘complex electronic vehicle control system’ is an electronic control system which is subject to a hierarchy of control in which a controlled function may be overridden by a higher level electronic control function or by a function performed by higher level electronic control system;

(34)

‘anti-lock braking system’ means the part of a service braking system which automatically controls the degree of slip, in the direction of rotation of the wheel, on one or more wheels of the vehicle during braking;

(35)

‘directly controlled wheel’ means a wheel whose braking force is modulated according to data provided at least by its own sensor;

(36)

‘hydraulic connection of the single line type’ means the connection of the brakes between the tractor and the towed vehicle through a single line of hydraulic fluid.