1.With regard to instrumentation for the operation, each HVDC converter unit of an HVDC system shall be equipped with an automatic controller capable of receiving instructions from the relevant system operator and from the relevant TSO. This automatic controller shall be capable of operating the HVDC converter units of the HVDC system in a coordinated way. The relevant system operator shall specify the automatic controller hierarchy per HVDC converter unit.
2.The automatic controller of the HVDC system referred to in paragraph 1 shall be capable of sending the following signal types to the relevant system operator:
(a)operational signals, providing at least the following:
start-up signals;
AC and DC voltage measurements;
AC and DC current measurements;
active and reactive power measurements on the AC side;
DC power measurements;
HVDC converter unit level operation in a multi-pole type HVDC converter;
elements and topology status; and
FSM, LFSM-O and LFSM-U active power ranges.
(b)alarm signals, providing at least the following:
emergency blocking;
ramp blocking;
fast active power reversal.
3.The automatic controller referred to in paragraph 1 shall be capable of receiving the following signal types from the relevant system operator:
(a)operational signals, receiving at least the following:
start-up command;
active power setpoints;
frequency sensitive mode settings;
reactive power, voltage or similar setpoints;
reactive power control modes;
power oscillation damping control; and
synthetic inertia.
(b)alarm signals, receiving at least the following:
emergency blocking command;
ramp blocking command;
active power flow direction; and
fast active power reversal command.
4.With regards to each signal, the relevant system operator may specify the quality of the supplied signal.
The parameters and settings of the main control functions of an HVDC system shall be agreed between the HVDC system owner and the relevant system operator, in coordination with the relevant TSO. The parameters and settings shall be implemented within such a control hierarchy that makes their modification possible if necessary. Those main control functions are at least:
synthetic inertia, if applicable as referred to in Articles 14 and 41;
frequency sensitive modes (FSM, LFSM-O, LFSM-U) referred to in Articles 15, 16 and 17;
frequency control, if applicable, referred to in Article 16;
reactive power control mode, if applicable as referred to in Article 22;
power oscillation damping capability, referred to Article 30;
subsynchronous torsional interaction damping capability, referred to Article 31.
1.An HVDC system shall be equipped with a facility to provide fault recording and dynamic system behaviour monitoring of the following parameters for each of its HVDC converter stations:
(a)AC and DC voltage;
(b)AC and DC current;
(c)active power;
(d)reactive power; and
(e)frequency.
2.The relevant system operator may specify quality of supply parameters to be complied with by the HVDC system, provided a reasonable prior notice is given.
3.The particulars of the fault recording equipment referred to in paragraph 1, including analogue and digital channels, the settings, including triggering criteria and the sampling rates, shall be agreed between the HVDC system owner, the relevant system operator and the relevant TSO.
4.All dynamic system behaviour monitoring equipment shall include an oscillation trigger, specified by the relevant system operator, in coordination with the relevant TSO, with the purpose of detecting poorly damped power oscillations.
5.The facilities for quality of supply and dynamic system behaviour monitoring shall include arrangements for the HVDC system owner and the relevant system operator to access the information electronically. The communications protocols for recorded data shall be agreed between the HVDC system owner, the relevant system operator and the relevant TSO.
1.The relevant system operator in coordination with the relevant TSO may specify that an HVDC system owner deliver simulation models which properly reflect the behaviour of the HVDC system in both steady-state, dynamic simulations (fundamental frequency component) and in electromagnetic transient simulations.
The format in which models shall be provided and the provision of documentation of models structure and block diagrams shall be specified by the relevant system operator in coordination with the relevant TSO.
2.For the purpose of dynamic simulations, the models provided shall contain at least, but not limited to the following sub-models, depending on the existence of the mentioned components:
(a)HVDC converter unit models;
(b)AC component models;
(c)DC grid models;
(d)Voltage and power controller;
(e)Special control features if applicable e.g. power oscillation damping (POD) function, subsynchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) control;
(f)Multi terminal control, if applicable;
(g)HVDC system protection models as agreed between the relevant TSO and the HVDC system owner.
3.The HVDC system owner shall verify the models against the results of compliance tests carried out according to Title VI and a report of this verification shall be submitted to the relevant TSO. The models shall then be used for the purpose of verifying compliance with the requirements of this Regulation including, but not limited to, compliance simulations as provided for in Title VI and used in studies for continuous evaluation in system planning and operation.
4.An HVDC system owner shall submit HVDC system recordings to the relevant system operator or relevant TSO if requested in order to compare the response of the models with these recordings.
5.An HVDC system owner shall deliver an equivalent model of the control system when adverse control interactions may result with HVDC converter stations and other connections in close electrical proximity if requested by the relevant system operator or relevant TSO. The equivalent model shall contain all necessary data for the realistic simulation of the adverse control interactions.