ANNEX IX
SPECIFICATIONS OF REFERENCE FUELS U.K.
A.REFERENCE FUELSU.K.
1. Technical data on fuels for testing vehicles with positive-ignition engines U.K.
Type: Petrol (E10):
| a The values quoted in the specifications are ‘true values’. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products - Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied. | ||||
| b A correction factor of 0,2 for MON and RON shall be subtracted for the calculation of the final result in accordance with EN 228:2008. | ||||
| c A correction factor of 0,2 for MON and RON shall be subtracted for the calculation of the final result in accordance with EN 228:2008. | ||||
| d The fuel may contain oxidation inhibitors and metal deactivators normally used to stabilise refinery gasoline streams, but detergent/dispersive additives and solvent oils shall not be added. | ||||
| e Ethanol is the only oxygenate that shall be intentionally added to the reference fuel. The Ethanol used shall conform to EN 15376. | ||||
| f The actual sulphur content of the fuel used for the Type 1 test shall be reported. | ||||
| g There shall be no intentional addition of compounds containing phosphorus, iron, manganese, or lead to this reference fuel. | ||||
| h Ethanol is the only oxygenate that shall be intentionally added to the reference fuel. The Ethanol used shall conform to EN 15376. | ||||
| Parameter | Unit | Limitsa | Test method | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | |||
| Research octane number, RONb | 95,0 | 98,0 | EN ISO 5164 | |
| Motor octane number, MONc | 85,0 | 89,0 | EN ISO 5163 | |
| Density at 15 C | kg/m3 | 743,0 | 756,0 | EN ISO 12185 |
| Vapour pressure (DVPE) | kPa | 56,0 | 60,0 | EN 13016-1 |
| Water content | % v/v | 0,05 | EN 12937 | |
| Appearance at – 7 C | Clear and bright | |||
| Distillation: | ||||
—evaporated at 70 C | % v/v | 34,0 | 46,0 | EN ISO 3405 |
—evaporated at 100 C | % v/v | 54,0 | 62,0 | EN ISO 3405 |
—evaporated at 150 C | % v/v | 86,0 | 94,0 | EN ISO 3405 |
—final boiling point | °C | 170 | 195 | EN ISO 3405 |
| Residue | % v/v | — | 2,0 | EN ISO 3405 |
| Hydrocarbon analysis: | ||||
—olefins | % v/v | 6,0 | 13,0 | EN 22854 |
—aromatics | % v/v | 25,0 | 32,0 | EN 22854 |
—benzene | % v/v | — | 1,00 | EN 22854 EN 238 |
—saturates | % v/v | report | EN 22854 | |
| Carbon/hydrogen ratio | report | |||
| Carbon/oxygen ratio | report | |||
| Induction Periodd | minutes | 480 | — | EN ISO 7536 |
| Oxygen contente | % m/m | 3,3 | 3,7 | EN 22854 |
| Solvent washed gum (Existent gum content) | mg/100 ml | — | 4 | EN ISO 6246 |
| Sulphur contentf | mg/kg | — | 10 | EN ISO 20846 EN ISO 20884 |
| Copper corrosion 3 hrs, 50 C | — | class 1 | EN ISO 2160 | |
| Lead content | mg/l | — | 5 | EN 237 |
| Phosphorus contentg | mg/l | — | 1,3 | ASTM D 3231 |
| Ethanolh | % v/v | 9,0 | 10,0 | EN 22854 |
(2)Equivalent EN/ISO methods will be adopted when issued for properties listed above.U.K.
Type: Ethanol (E85)
| a The values quoted in the specifications are ‘true values’. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied. | ||||
| b In cases of dispute, the procedures for resolving the dispute and interpretation of the results based on test method precision, described in EN ISO 4259 shall be used. | ||||
| c In cases of national dispute concerning sulphur content, either EN ISO 20846 or EN ISO 20884 shall be called up similar to the reference in the national annex of EN 228. | ||||
| d The actual sulphur content of the fuel used for the Type 1 test shall be reported. | ||||
| e Ethanol to meet specification of EN 15376 is the only oxygenate that shall be intentionally added to this reference fuel. | ||||
| f The unleaded petrol content can be determined as 100 minus the sum of the percentage content of water and alcohols | ||||
| g There shall be no intentional addition of compounds containing phosphorus, iron, manganese, or lead to this reference fuel. | ||||
| Parameter | Unit | Limitsa | Test methodb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | |||
| Research octane number, RON | 95 | — | EN ISO 5164 | |
| Motor octane number, MON | 85 | — | EN ISO 5163 | |
| Density at 15 C | kg/m3 | Report | ISO 3675 | |
| Vapour pressure | kPa | 40 | 60 | EN ISO 13016-1 (DVPE) |
| Sulphur contentc d | mg/kg | — | 10 | EN ISO 20846 EN ISO 20884 |
| Oxidation stability | minutes | 360 | EN ISO 7536 | |
| Existent gum content (solvent washed) | mg/100ml | — | 5 | EN-ISO 6246 |
| Appearance This shall be determined at ambient temperature or 15 C whichever is higher. | Clear and bright, visibly free of suspended or precipitated contaminants | Visual inspection | ||
| Ethanol and higher alcoholse | % (V/V) | 83 | 85 | EN 1601 EN 13132 EN 14517 |
| Higher alcohols (C3-C8) | % (V/V) | — | 2 | |
| Methanol | % (V/V) | 0,5 | ||
| Petrolf | % (V/V) | Balance | EN 228 | |
| Phosphorus | mg/l | 0,3g | ASTM D 3231 | |
| Water content | % (V/V) | 0,3 | ASTM E 1064 | |
| Inorganic chloride content | mg/l | 1 | ISO 6227 | |
| pHe | 6,5 | 9 | ASTM D 6423 | |
| Copper strip corrosion (3h at 50 C) | Rating | Class 1 | EN ISO 2160 | |
| Acidity, (as acetic acid CH3COOH) | % (m/m) | — | 0,005 | ASTM D 1613 |
| (mg/l) | — | 40 | ||
| Carbon/hydrogen ratio | report | |||
| Carbon/oxygen ration | report | |||
Type: LPG
| a This method may not accurately determine the presence of corrosive materials if the sample contains corrosion inhibitors or other chemicals which diminish the corrosivity of the sample to the copper strip. Therefore, the addition of such compounds for the sole purpose of biasing the test method is prohibited. | ||||
| Parameter | Unit | Fuel A | Fuel B | Test method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Composition: | ISO 7941 | |||
| C3-content | % vol | 30 ± 2 | 85 ± 2 | |
| C4-content | % vol | Balance | Balance | |
| < C3, > C4 | % vol | Maximum 2 | Maximum 2 | |
| Olefins | % vol | Maximum 12 | Maximum 15 | |
| Evaporation residue | mg/kg | Maximum 50 | Maximum 50 | prEN 15470 |
| Water at 0 C | Free | Free | prEN 15469 | |
| Total sulphur content | mg/kg | Maximum 10 | Maximum 10 | ASTM 6667 |
| Hydrogen sulphide | None | None | ISO 8819 | |
| Copper strip corrosion | Rating | Class 1 | Class 1 | ISO 6251a |
| Odour | Characteristic | Characteristic | ||
| Motor octane number | Minimum 89 | Minimum 89 | EN 589 Annex B | |
Type: NG/Biomethane
| a Inerts (different from N2) + C2 + C2+. | |||||
| b Value to be determined at 293,2 K (20 C) and 101,3 kPa. | |||||
| c Value to be determined at 273,2 K (0 C) and 101,3 kPa. | |||||
| d Inerts (different from N2) + C2; + C2+. | |||||
| e Value to be determined at 293,2 K (20 C) and 101,3 kPa. | |||||
| f Value to be determined at 273,2 K (0 C) and 101,3 kPa. | |||||
| Characteristics | Units | Basis | Limits | Test method | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| minimum | maximum | ||||
| Reference fuel G20 | |||||
| Composition: | |||||
| Methane | % mole | 100 | 99 | 100 | ISO 6974 |
| Balancea | % mole | — | — | 1 | ISO 6974 |
| N2 | % mole | ISO 6974 | |||
| Sulphur content | mg/m3 b | — | — | 10 | ISO 6326-5 |
| Wobbe Index (net) | MJ/m3 c | 48,2 | 47,2 | 49,2 | |
| Reference fuel G25 | |||||
| Composition: | |||||
| Methane | % mole | 86 | 84 | 88 | ISO 6974 |
| Balanced | % mole | — | — | 1 | ISO 6974 |
| N2 | % mole | 14 | 12 | 16 | ISO 6974 |
| Sulphur content | mg/m3 e | — | — | 10 | ISO 6326-5 |
| Wobbe Index (net) | MJ/m3 f | 39,4 | 38,2 | 40,6 | |
Type: Hydrogen for internal combustion engines
| a Not to be condensed. | ||||
| b Combined water, oxygen, nitrogen and argon: 1,900 μmol/mol. | ||||
| c Combined water, oxygen, nitrogen and argon: 1,900 μmol/mol. | ||||
| d Combined water, oxygen, nitrogen and argon: 1,900 μmol/mol. | ||||
| e Combined water, oxygen, nitrogen and argon: 1,900 μmol/mol. | ||||
| f The hydrogen shall not contain dust, sand, dirt, gums, oils, or other substances in an amount sufficient to damage the fuelling station equipment or the vehicle (engine) being fuelled. | ||||
| Characteristics | Units | Limits | Test method | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| minimum | maximum | |||
| Hydrogen purity | % mole | 98 | 100 | ISO 14687-1 |
| Total hydrocarbon | μmol/mol | 0 | 100 | ISO 14687-1 |
| Watera | μmol/mol | 0 | b | ISO 14687-1 |
| Oxygen | μmol/mol | 0 | c | ISO 14687-1 |
| Argon | μmol/mol | 0 | d | ISO 14687-1 |
| Nitrogen | μmol/mol | 0 | e | ISO 14687-1 |
| CO | μmol/mol | 0 | 1 | ISO 14687-1 |
| Sulphur | μmol/mol | 0 | 2 | ISO 14687-1 |
| Permanent particulatesf | ISO 14687-1 | |||
2. Technical data on fuels for testing vehicles with compression ignition engines U.K.
Type: Diesel (B7):
| a The values quoted in the specifications are ‘true values’. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products – Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied. | ||||
| b The range for cetane number is not in accordance with the requirements of a minimum range of 4R. However, in the case of a dispute between fuel supplier and fuel user, the terms of ISO 4259 may be used to resolve such disputes provided replicate measurements, of sufficient number to archive the necessary precision, are made in preference to single determinations. | ||||
| c Even though oxidation stability is controlled, it is likely that shelf life will be limited. Advice shall be sought from the supplier as to storage conditions and life. | ||||
| d FAME content to meet the specification of EN 14214. | ||||
| Parameter | Unit | Limitsa | Test method | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | |||
| Cetane Index | 46,0 | EN ISO 4264 | ||
| Cetane numberb | 52,0 | 56,0 | EN ISO 5165 | |
| Density at 15 C | kg/m3 | 833,0 | 837,0 | EN ISO 12185 |
| Distillation: | ||||
—50 % point | °C | 245,0 | — | EN ISO 3405 |
—95 % point | °C | 345,0 | 360,0 | EN ISO 3405 |
—final boiling point | °C | — | 370,0 | EN ISO 3405 |
| Flash point | °C | 55 | — | EN ISO 2719 |
| Cloud point | °C | — | – 10 | EN 23015 |
| Viscosity at 40 C | mm2/s | 2,30 | 3,30 | EN ISO 3104 |
| Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | % m/m | 2,0 | 4,0 | EN 12916 |
| Sulphur content | mg/kg | — | 10,0 | EN ISO 20846 EN ISO 20884 |
| Copper corrosion 3 hrs, 50 C | — | Class 1 | EN ISO 2160 | |
| Conradson carbon residue (10 % DR) | % m/m | — | 0,20 | EN ISO 10370 |
| Ash content | % m/m | — | 0,010 | EN ISO 6245 |
| Total contamination | mg/kg | — | 24 | EN 12662 |
| Water content | mg/kg | — | 200 | EN ISO 12937 |
| Acid number | mg KOH/g | — | 0,10 | EN ISO 6618 |
| Lubricity (HFRR wear scan diameter at 60 C) | μm | — | 400 | EN ISO 12156 |
| Oxidation stability at 110 Cc | h | 20,0 | EN 15751 | |
| FAMEd | % v/v | 6,0 | 7,0 | EN 14078 |
[F13. Technical data on fuels for testing fuel cell vehicles U.K.
Type: Hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles U.K.
| a The hydrogen fuel index is determined by subtracting the ‘ total non-hydrogen gases ’ in this table, expressed in mole per cent, from 100 mole per cent. | ||||
| b Total hydrocarbons include oxygenated organic species. Total hydrocarbons shall be measured on a carbon basis (μmolC/mol). Total hydrocarbons may exceed 2 μmol/mol due only to the presence of methane, in which case the summation of methane, nitrogen and argon shall not exceed 100 μmol/mol. | ||||
| c As a minimum, total sulphur compounds include H 2 S, COS, CS 2 and mercaptans, which are typically found in natural gas. | ||||
| d Total halogenated compounds include, for example, hydrogen bromide (HBr), hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorine (Cl 2 ), and organic halides (R-X). | ||||
| e Test method shall be documented. | ||||
| For the constituents that are additive, such as total hydrocarbons and total sulfur compounds, the sum of the constituents are to be less than or equal to the acceptable limit.] | ||||
| Characteristics | Units | Limits | Test Method | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| minimum | maximum | |||
| Hydrogen fuel index a | % mole | 99,97 | ||
| Total non-hydrogen gases | μmol/mol | 300 | ||
| Maximum concentration of individual contaminants | ||||
| Water (H 2 O) | μmol/mol | 5 | e | |
| Total hydrocarbons b (Methane basis) | μmol/mol | 2 | e | |
| Oxygen (O 2 ) | μmol/mol | 5 | e | |
| Helium (He) | μmol/mol | 300 | e | |
| Total Nitrogen (N 2 ) and Argon (Ar) b | μmol/mol | 100 | e | |
| Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) | μmol/mol | 2 | e | |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | μmol/mol | 0,2 | e | |
| Total sulfur compounds c (H 2 S basis) | μmol/mol | 0,004 | e | |
| Formaldehyde (HCHO) | μmol/mol | 0,01 | e | |
| Formic acid (HCOOH) | μmol/mol | 0,2 | e | |
| Ammonia (NH 3 ) | μmol/mol | 0,1 | e | |
| Total halogenated compounds d (Halogenate ion basis) | μmol/mol | 0,05 | e | |
Textual Amendments
F1 Substituted by Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/1832 of 5 November 2018 amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 and Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 for the purpose of improving the emission type approval tests and procedures for light passenger and commercial vehicles, including those for in-service conformity and real-driving emissions and introducing devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and electric energy (Text with EEA relevance).
B.REFERENCE FUELS FOR TESTING EMISSIONS AT LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURES — TYPE 6 TESTU.K.
Type: Petrol (E10):
| a The values quoted in the specifications are ‘true values’. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products - Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied. | ||||
| b A correction factor of 0,2 for MON and RON shall be subtracted for the calculation of the final result in accordance with EN 228:2008. | ||||
| c A correction factor of 0,2 for MON and RON shall be subtracted for the calculation of the final result in accordance with EN 228:2008. | ||||
| d The fuel may contain oxidation inhibitors and metal deactivators normally used to stabilise refinery gasoline streams, but detergent/dispersive additives and solvent oils shall not be added. | ||||
| e Ethanol is the only oxygenate that shall be intentionally added to the reference fuel. The ethanol used shall conform to EN 15376. | ||||
| f The actual sulphur content of the fuel used for the Type 6 test shall be reported. | ||||
| g There shall be no intentional addition of compounds containing phosphorus, iron, manganese, or lead to this reference fuel. | ||||
| h Ethanol is the only oxygenate that shall be intentionally added to the reference fuel. The ethanol used shall conform to EN 15376. | ||||
| Parameter | Unit | Limitsa | Test method | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | |||
| Research octane number, RONb | 95,0 | 98,0 | EN ISO 5164 | |
| Motor octane number, MONc | 85,0 | 89,0 | EN ISO 5163 | |
| Density at 15 C | kg/m3 | 743,0 | 756,0 | EN ISO 12185 |
| Vapour pressure (DVPE) | kPa | 56,0 | 95,0 | EN 13016-1 |
| Water content | max 0,05 % v/v Appearance at – 7 C: clear and bright | EN 12937 | ||
| Distillation: | ||||
—evaporated at 70 C | % v/v | 34,0 | 46,0 | EN ISO 3405 |
—evaporated at 100 C | % v/v | 54,0 | 62,0 | EN ISO 3405 |
—evaporated at 150 C | % v/v | 86,0 | 94,0 | EN ISO 3405 |
—final boiling point | °C | 170 | 195 | EN ISO 3405 |
| Residue | % v/v | — | 2,0 | EN ISO 3405 |
| Hydrocarbon analysis: | ||||
—olefins | % v/v | 6,0 | 13,0 | EN 22854 |
—aromatics | % v/v | 25,0 | 32,0 | EN 22854 |
—benzene | % v/v | — | 1,00 | EN 22854 EN 238 |
—saturates | % v/v | report | EN 22854 | |
| Carbon/hydrogen ratio | report | |||
| Carbon/oxygen ratio | report | |||
| Induction Periodd | minutes | 480 | — | EN ISO 7536 |
| Oxygen contente | % m/m | 3,3 | 3,7 | EN 22854 |
| Solvent washed gum (Existent gum content) | mg/100 ml | — | 4 | EN ISO 6246 |
| Sulphur contentf | mg/kg | — | 10 | EN ISO 20846 EN ISO 20884 |
| Copper corrosion 3 hrs, 50 C | — | class 1 | EN ISO 2160 | |
| Lead content | mg/l | — | 5 | EN 237 |
| Phosphorus contentg | mg/l | — | 1,3 | ASTM D 3231 |
| Ethanolh | % v/v | 9,0 | 10,0 | EN 22854 |
(2)Equivalent EN/ISO methods will be adopted when issued for properties listed above.U.K.
Type: Ethanol (E75)
| a The values referred to in the specifications are ‘true values’. When establishing the value limits, the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test were applied. When fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero was taken into account. When fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference used was 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this procedure, which is necessary for technical reasons, fuel manufacturers shall aim for a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and for the mean value for quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Where it is necessary to clarify whether fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the ISO 4259 terms shall be applied. | ||||
| b In cases of dispute, the procedures for resolving the dispute and interpretation of the results based on test method precision, described in EN ISO 4259 shall be used. | ||||
| c In cases of national dispute concerning sulphur content, either EN ISO 20846 or EN ISO 20884 shall be called up similar to the reference in the national annex of EN 228. | ||||
| d The actual sulphur content of the fuel used for the Type 6 test shall be reported. | ||||
| e Ethanol to meet specification of EN 15376 is the only oxygenate that shall be intentionally added to this reference fuel. | ||||
| f The unleaded petrol content may be determined as 100 minus the sum of the percentage content of water and alcohols. | ||||
| g There shall be no intentional addition of compounds containing phosphorus, iron, manganese, or lead to this reference fuel. | ||||
| Parameter | Unit | Limitsa | Test methodb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | |||
| Research octane number, RON | 95 | — | EN ISO 5164 | |
| Motor octane number, MON | 85 | — | EN ISO 5163 | |
| Density at 15 C | kg/m3 | report | EN ISO 12185 | |
| Vapour pressure | kPa | 50 | 60 | EN ISO 13016-1 (DVPE) |
| Sulphur contentc d | mg/kg | — | 10 | EN ISO 20846 EN ISO 20884 |
| Oxidation stability | minutes | 360 | — | EN ISO 7536 |
| Existent gum content (solvent washed) | mg/100ml | — | 4 | EN ISO 6246 |
| Appearance shall be determined at ambient temperature or 15 C whichever is higher | Clear and bright, visibly free of suspended or precipitated contaminants | Visual inspection | ||
| Ethanol and higher alcoholse | % (V/V) | 70 | 80 | EN 1601 EN 13132 EN 14517 |
| Higher alcohols (C3 – C8) | % (V/V) | — | 2 | |
| Methanol | — | 0,5 | ||
| Petrolf | % (V/V) | Balance | EN 228 | |
| Phosphorus | mg/l | 0,30g | EN 15487 ASTM D 3231 | |
| Water content | % (V/V) | — | 0,3 | ASTM E 1064 EN 15489 |
| Inorganic chloride content | mg/l | — | 1 | ISO 6227 — EN 15492 |
| pHe | 6,50 | 9 | ASTM D 6423 EN 15490 | |
| Copper strip corrosion (3h at 50 C) | Rating | Class 1 | EN ISO 2160 | |
| Acidity (as acetic acid CH3COOH) | % (m/m) | 0,005 | ASTM D1613 EN 15491 | |
| mg/l | 40 | |||
| Carbon/hydrogen ration | report | |||
| Carbon/oxygen ration | report | |||
Textual Amendments
F1 Substituted by Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/1832 of 5 November 2018 amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 and Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 for the purpose of improving the emission type approval tests and procedures for light passenger and commercial vehicles, including those for in-service conformity and real-driving emissions and introducing devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and electric energy (Text with EEA relevance).