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1.By 12 months after entry into force of this Regulation, all TSOs of each synchronous area shall jointly develop common proposals for:
(a)the dimensioning rules for FCR in accordance with Article 153;
(b)additional properties of FCR in accordance with Article 154(2);
(c)the frequency quality defining parameters and the frequency quality target parameters in accordance with Article 127;
(d)for the Continental Europe (‘CE’) and Nordic synchronous areas, the frequency restoration control error target parameters for each LFC block in accordance with Article 128;
(e)the methodology to assess the risk and the evolution of the risk of exhaustion of FCR of the synchronous area in accordance with Article 131(2);
(f)the synchronous area monitor in accordance with Article 133;
(g)the calculation of the control program from the netted area AC position with a common ramping period for ACE calculation for a synchronous area with more than one LFC area in accordance with Article 136;
(h)if applicable, restrictions for the active power output of HVDC interconnectors between synchronous areas in accordance with Article 137;
(i)the LFC structure in accordance with Article 139;
(j)if applicable, the methodology to reduce the electrical time deviation in accordance with Article 181;
(k)whenever the synchronous area is operated by more than one TSO, the specific allocation of responsibilities between TSOs in accordance with Article 141;
(l)operational procedures in case of exhausted FCR in accordance with Article 152(7);
(m)for the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas, measures to ensure the recovery of energy reservoirs in accordance with to Article 156(6)(b);
(n)operational procedures to reduce the system frequency deviation to restore the system state to normal state and to limit the risk of entering into the emergency state in accordance with Article 152(10);
(o)the roles and responsibilities of the TSOs implementing an imbalance netting process, a cross-border FRR activation process or a cross-border RR activation process in accordance with Article 149(2);
(p)requirements concerning the availability, reliability and redundancy of the technical infrastructure in accordance with Article 151(2);
(q)common rules for the operation in normal state and alert state in accordance with Article 152(6) and the actions referred to in Article 152(15);
(r)for the CE and Nordic synchronous areas, the minimum activation period to be ensured by FCR providers in accordance with Article 156(10);
(s)for the CE and Nordic synchronous areas, the assumptions and methodology for a cost-benefit analysis in accordance with Article 156(11);
(t)if applicable, for synchronous areas other than CE, limits for the exchange of FCR between the TSOs in accordance with Article 163(2);
(u)the roles and responsibilities of the reserve connecting TSO, the reserve receiving TSO and the affected TSO as regards the exchange of FRR and RR defined in accordance with Article 165(1);
(v)the roles and responsibilities of the control capability providing TSO, the control capability receiving TSO and the affected TSO for the sharing of FRR and RR defined in accordance with Article 166(1);
(w)the roles and responsibilities of the reserve connecting TSO, the reserve receiving TSO and the affected TSO for the exchange of reserves between synchronous areas, and of the control capability providing TSO, the control capability receiving TSO and the affected TSO for the sharing of reserves between synchronous areas defined in accordance with Article 171(2);
(x)the methodology to determine limits on the amount of sharing of FCR between synchronous areas defined in accordance with Article 174(2);
(y)for the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas, the methodology to determine the minimum provision of reserve capacity on FCR in accordance with Article 174(2)(b);
(z)the methodology to determine limits on the amount of exchange of FRR between synchronous areas defined in accordance with Article 176(1) and the methodology to determine limits on the amount of sharing of FRR between synchronous areas defined in accordance with Article 177(1); and
(aa)the methodology to determine limits on the amount of exchange of RR between synchronous areas defined in accordance with Article 178(1) and the methodology to determine limits on the amount of sharing of RR between synchronous areas defined in accordance with Article 179(1).
2.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall submit the methodologies and conditions listed in Article 6(3)(d) for approval by all the regulatory authorities of the concerned synchronous area. Within 1 month after the approval of these methodologies and conditions, all TSOs of each synchronous area shall conclude a synchronous area operational agreement which shall enter into force within 3 months after the approval of the methodologies and conditions.
1.By 12 months after entry into force of this Regulation, all TSOs of each LFC block shall jointly develop common proposals for:
(a)where the LFC block consists of more than one LFC area, FRCE target parameters for each LFC area defined in accordance with Article 128(4);
(b)LFC block monitor in accordance with Article 134(1);
(c)ramping restrictions for active power output in accordance with Article 137(3) and (4);
(d)where the LFC block is operated by more than one TSO, the specific allocation of responsibilities between TSOs within the LFC block in accordance with Article 141(9);
(e)if applicable, appointment of the TSO responsible for the tasks in Article 145(6);
(f)additional requirements for the availability, reliability and redundancy of technical infrastructure defined in accordance with Article 151(3);
(g)operational procedures in case of exhausted FRR or RR in accordance with Article 152(8);
(h)the FRR dimensioning rules defined in accordance with Article 157(1);
(i)the RR dimensioning rules defined in accordance with Article 160(2);
(j)where the LFC block is operated by more than one TSO, the specific allocation of responsibilities defined in accordance with Article 157(3), and, if applicable, the specific allocation of responsibilities defined in accordance Article 160(6);
(k)the escalation procedure defined in accordance with Article 157(4) and, if applicable, the escalation procedure defined in accordance with Article 160(7);
(l)the FRR availability requirements, the requirements on the control quality defined in accordance with Article 158(2), and if applicable, the RR availability requirements and the requirements on the control quality defined in accordance with Article 161(2);
(m)if applicable, any limits on the exchange of FCR between the LFC areas of the different LFC blocks within the CE synchronous area and the exchange of FRR or RR between the LFC areas of an LFC block of a synchronous area consisting of more than one LFC block defined in accordance with Article 163(2), Article 167 and Article 169(2);
(n)the roles and the responsibilities of the reserve connecting TSO, the reserve receiving TSO and of the affected TSO for the exchange of FRR and/or RR with TSOs of other LFC blocks defined in accordance with Article 165(6);
(o)the roles and the responsibilities of the control capability providing TSO, the control capability receiving TSO and of the affected TSO for the sharing of FRR and RR defined in accordance with Article 166(7);
(p)roles and the responsibilities of the control capability providing TSO, the control capability receiving TSO and of the affected TSO for the sharing of FRR and RR between synchronous areas in accordance with Article 175(2);
(q)coordination actions aiming to reduce the FRCE as defined in Article 152(14); and
(r)measures to reduce the FRCE by requiring changes in the active power production or consumption of power generating modules and demand units in accordance with Article 152(16).
2.All TSOs of each LFC block shall submit the methodologies and conditions listed in Article 6(3)(e) for approval by all the regulatory authorities of the concerned LFC block. Within 1 month after the approval of these methodologies and conditions, all TSOs of each LFC block shall conclude an LFC block operational agreement which shall enter into force within 3 months after the approval of the methodologies and conditions.
By 12 months after entry into force of this Regulation, all TSOs of each LFC area shall establish an LFC area operational agreement that shall include at least:
the specific allocation of responsibilities between TSOs within the LFC area in accordance with Article 141(8);
the appointment of the TSO responsible for the implementation and operation of the frequency restoration process in accordance with Article 143(4).
By 12 months after entry into force of this Regulation, all TSOs of each monitoring area shall establish a monitoring area operational agreement that shall include at least the allocation of responsibilities between TSOs within the same monitoring area in accordance with Article 141(7).
All TSOs participating in the same imbalance netting process shall establish an imbalance netting agreement that shall at least include the roles and responsibilities of the TSOs in accordance with Article 149(3).
All TSOs participating in the same cross-border FRR activation process shall establish a cross-border FRR activation agreement that shall include at least the roles and responsibilities of the TSOs in accordance with Article 149(3).
All TSOs participating in the same cross-border RR activation process shall establish a cross-border RR activation agreement that shall include at least the roles and responsibilities of the TSOs in accordance with Article 149(3).
All TSOs participating in the same sharing process of FCR, FRR or RR shall establish a sharing agreement that shall include at least:
in case of sharing FRR or RR within a synchronous area, the roles and responsibilities of the control capability receiving TSO and of the control capability providing TSO and the affected TSOs in accordance with Article 165(3); or
in case of sharing reserves between synchronous areas, the roles and responsibilities of the control capability receiving TSO and of the control capability providing TSO in accordance with Article 171(4) and the procedures in case the sharing of reserves between synchronous areas is not executed in real-time in accordance with Article 171(9).
All TSOs participating in the same exchange of FCR, FRR or RR shall establish an exchange agreement that shall include at least:
in case of exchange of FRR or RR within a synchronous area, the roles and responsibilities of the reserve connecting and reserve receiving TSOs in accordance with to Article 165(3); or
in case of exchange of reserves between synchronous areas, the roles and responsibilities of the reserve connecting and reserve receiving TSOs in accordance with Article 171(4) and the procedures in case the exchange of reserves between synchronous areas is not executed in real-time in accordance with Article 171(9).
1.The frequency quality defining parameters shall be:
(a)the nominal frequency for all synchronous areas;
(b)the standard frequency range for all synchronous areas;
(c)the maximum instantaneous frequency deviation for all synchronous areas;
(d)the maximum steady-state frequency deviation for all synchronous areas;
(e)the time to restore frequency for all synchronous areas;
(f)the time to recover frequency for the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas;
(g)the frequency restoration range for the GB, IE/NI and Nordic synchronous areas;
(h)the frequency recovery range for the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas; and
(i)the alert state trigger time for all synchronous areas.
2.The nominal frequency shall be 50 Hz for all synchronous areas.
3.The default values of the frequency quality defining parameters listed in paragraph 1 are set out in Table 1 of Annex III.
4.The frequency quality target parameter shall be the maximum number of minutes outside the standard frequency range per year per synchronous area and its default value per synchronous area are set out in Table 2 of Annex III.
5.The values of the frequency quality defining parameters in Table 1 of Annex III and of the frequency quality target parameter in Table 2 of Annex III shall apply unless all TSOs of a synchronous area propose different values pursuant to paragraphs 6, 7 and 8.
6.All TSOs of CE and Nordic synchronous areas shall have the right to propose in the synchronous area operational agreement values different from those set out in Tables 1 and 2 of Annex III regarding:
(a)the alert state trigger time;
(b)the maximum number of minutes outside the standard frequency range.
7.All TSOs of the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas shall have the right to propose in the synchronous area operational agreement values different from those set out in Tables 1 and 2 of Annex III regarding:
(a)time to restore frequency;
(b)the alert state trigger time; and
(c)the maximum number of minutes outside the standard frequency range.
8.The proposal for modification of the values pursuant to paragraph 6 and 7 shall be based on an assessment of the recorded values of the system frequency for a period of at least 1 year and the synchronous area development and it shall meet the following conditions:
(a)the proposed modification of the frequency quality defining parameters in Table 1 of Annex III or the frequency quality target parameter in Table 2 of Annex III takes into account:
the system's size, based on the consumption and generation of the synchronous area and the inertia of the synchronous area;
the reference incident;
grid structure and/or network topology;
load and generation behaviour;
the number and response of power generating modules with limited frequency sensitive mode — over frequency and limited frequency sensitive mode — under frequency as defined in Article 13(2) and Article 15(2)(c) of Regulation (EU) 2016/631;
the number and response of demand units operating with activated demand response system frequency control or demand response very fast active power control as defined in Articles 29 and 30 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1388; and
the technical capabilities of power generating modules and demand units;
(b)all TSOs of the synchronous area shall conduct a public consultation concerning the impact on stakeholders of the proposed modification of the frequency quality defining parameters in Table 1 of Annex III or the frequency quality target parameter in Table 2 of Annex III.
9.All TSOs shall endeavour to comply with the values for the frequency quality defining parameters or for the frequency quality target parameter. All TSOs shall verify the fulfilment of the frequency quality target parameter at least annually.
1.All TSOs of the CE and Nordic synchronous areas shall specify in the synchronous area operational agreement the values of the level 1 FRCE range and the level 2 FRCE range for each LFC block of the CE and Nordic synchronous areas at least annually.
2.All TSOs of the CE and Nordic synchronous areas, if consisting of more than one LFC block, shall ensure that the Level 1 FRCE ranges and the Level 2 FRCE ranges of the LFC blocks of those synchronous areas are proportional to the square root of the sum of the initial FCR obligations of the TSOs constituting the LFC blocks in accordance with Article 153.
3.All TSOs of the CE and Nordic synchronous areas shall endeavour to comply with the following FRCE target parameters for each LFC block of the synchronous area:
(a)the number of time intervals per year outside the Level 1 FRCE range within a time interval equal to the time to restore frequency shall be less than 30 % of the time intervals of the year; and
(b)the number of time intervals per year outside the Level 2 FRCE range within a time interval equal to the time to restore frequency shall be less than 5 % of the time intervals of the year.
4.Where an LFC block consists of more than one LFC area, all TSOs of the LFC block shall specify in the LFC block operational agreement the values of the FRCE target parameters for each LFC area.
5.For the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas the Level 1 FRCE range shall be equal to or larger than 200 mHz and the Level 2 FRCE range shall be equal to or larger than 500 mHz.
6.All TSOs of the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas shall endeavour to comply with the following FRCE target parameters of a synchronous area:
(a)the maximum number of time intervals outside the Level 1 FRCE range shall be less than or equal to the value in the Table of Annex IV as a percentage of the time intervals per year;
(b)the maximum number of time intervals outside the Level 2 FRCE range shall be less than or equal to the value in the Table of Annex IV as a percentage of the time intervals per year.
7.All TSOs shall verify, at least annually, that the FRCE target parameters are fulfilled.
The criteria application process shall comprise:
the collection of frequency quality evaluation data; and
the calculation of frequency quality evaluation criteria.
1.The frequency quality evaluation data shall be:
(a)for the synchronous area:
the instantaneous frequency data; and
the instantaneous frequency deviation data;
(b)for each LFC block of the synchronous area, the instantaneous FRCE data.
2.The measurement accuracy of the instantaneous frequency data and of the instantaneous FRCE data, where measured in Hz, shall be 1 mHz or better.
1.The frequency quality evaluation criteria shall comprise:
(a)for the synchronous area during operation in normal state or alert state as determined by Article 18(1) and (2), on a monthly basis, for the instantaneous frequency data:
the mean value;
the standard deviation;
the 1-,5-,10-, 90-,95- and 99-percentile;
the total time in which the absolute value of the instantaneous frequency deviation was larger than the standard frequency deviation, distinguishing between negative and positive instantaneous frequency deviations;
the total time in which the absolute value of the instantaneous frequency deviation was larger than the maximum instantaneous frequency deviation, distinguishing between negative and positive instantaneous frequency deviations;
the number of events in which the absolute value of the instantaneous frequency deviation of the synchronous area exceeded 200 % of the standard frequency deviation and the instantaneous frequency deviation was not returned to 50 % of the standard frequency deviation for the CE synchronous area and to the frequency restoration range for the GB, IE/NI and Nordic synchronous areas, within the time to restore frequency. The data shall distinguish between negative and positive frequency deviations;
for the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas, the number of events for which the absolute value of the instantaneous frequency deviation was outside of the frequency recovery range and was not returned to the frequency recovery range within the time to recover frequency, distinguishing between negative and positive frequency deviations;
(b)for each LFC block of the CE or Nordic synchronous areas during operation in normal state or alert state in accordance with Article 18(1) and (2), on a monthly basis:
for a data-set containing the average values of the FRCE of the LFC block over time intervals equal to the time to restore frequency:
the mean value,
the standard deviation,
the 1-,5-,10-, 90-,95- and 99-percentile,
the number of time intervals in which the average value of the FRCE was outside the Level 1 FRCE range, distinguishing between negative and positive FRCE, and
the number of time intervals in which the average value of the FRCE was outside the Level 2 FRCE range, distinguishing between negative and positive FRCE;
for a data-set containing the average values of the FRCE of the LFC block over time intervals with a length of one minute: the number of events on a monthly basis for which the FRCE exceeded 60 % of the reserve capacity on FRR and was not returned to 15 % of the reserve capacity on FRR within the time to restore frequency, distinguishing between negative and positive FRCE;
(c)for the LFC blocks of the GB or IE/NI synchronous area, during operation in normal state or alert state in accordance with Article 18(1) and (2), on a monthly basis and for a data-set containing the average values of the FRCE of the LFC block over time intervals with a length of one minute: the number of events for which the absolute value of the FRCE exceeded the maximum steady-state frequency deviation and the FRCE was not returned to 10 % of the maximum steady-state frequency deviation within the time to restore frequency, distinguishing between negative and positive FRCE.
2.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall specify in the synchronous area operational agreement a common methodology to assess the risk and the evolution of the risk of exhaustion of FCR in the synchronous area. That methodology shall be performed at least annually and shall be based at least on historical instantaneous system frequency data for not less than 1 year. All TSOs of each synchronous area shall provide the required input data for this assessment.
1.The data collection and delivery process shall comprise the following:
(a)measurements of the system frequency;
(b)calculation of the frequency quality evaluation data; and
(c)delivery of the frequency quality evaluation data for the criteria application process.
2.The data collection and delivery process shall be implemented by the synchronous area monitor appointed in accordance with Article 133.
1.All TSOs of a synchronous area shall appoint one TSO of that synchronous area in the synchronous area operational agreement as synchronous area monitor.
2.The synchronous area monitor shall implement the data collection and delivery process of the synchronous area referred to in Article 132.
3.The synchronous area monitor shall implement the criteria application process referred to in Article 129.
4.The synchronous area monitor shall collect the frequency quality evaluation data of its synchronous area and perform the criteria application process, including the calculation of the frequency quality evaluation criteria, once every 3 months and within 3 months after the end of the analysed period.
1.All TSOs of a LFC block shall appoint one TSO of that LFC block in the LFC block operational agreement as LFC block monitor.
2.The LFC block monitor shall collect the frequency quality evaluation data for the LFC block in accordance with the criteria application process referred to in Article 129.
3.Each TSO of a LFC area shall provide the LFC block monitor with the LFC area measurements necessary for collecting frequency quality evaluation data for the LFC block.
4.The LFC block monitor shall deliver the frequency quality evaluation data of the LFC block and its LFC areas once every 3 months and within 2 months after the end of the analysed period.
In accordance with Article 40, each connecting TSO shall have the right to request the information necessary from SGUs to monitor the load and generation behaviour related to imbalances. That information may include:
the time-stamped active power setpoint for real-time and future operation; and
the time-stamped total active power output.
All TSOs of each synchronous area with more than one LFC area shall specify in the synchronous area operational agreement a common ramping period of aggregated netted schedules between the LFC areas in the synchronous area. The calculation of the control program from the netted area AC position for ACE calculation shall be performed with the common ramping period.
1.All TSOs of two synchronous areas shall have the right to specify in the synchronous area operational agreement restrictions for the active power output of HVDC interconnectors between synchronous areas to limit their influence on the fulfilment of the frequency quality target parameters of the synchronous area by determining a combined maximum ramping rate for all HVDC interconnectors connecting one synchronous area to another synchronous area.
2.The restrictions in paragraph 1 shall not apply for imbalance netting, frequency coupling as well as cross-border activation of FRR and RR over HVDC interconnectors.
3.All connecting TSOs of an HVDC interconnector shall have the right to determine in the LFC block operational agreement common restrictions for the active power output of that HVDC interconnector to limit its influence on the fulfilment of the FRCE target parameter of the connected LFC blocks by agreeing on ramping periods and/or maximum ramping rates for this HVDC interconnector. Those common restrictions shall not apply for imbalance netting, frequency coupling as well as cross-border activation of FRR and RR over HVDC interconnectors. All TSOs of a synchronous area shall coordinate these measures within the synchronous area.
4.All TSOs of an LFC block shall have the right to determine in the LFC block operational agreement the following measures to support the fulfilment of the FRCE target parameter of the LFC block and to alleviate deterministic frequency deviations, taking into account the technological restrictions of power generating modules and demand units:
(a)obligations on ramping periods and/or maximum ramping rates for power generating modules and/or demand units;
(b)obligations on individual ramping starting times for power generating modules and/or demand units within the LFC block; and
(c)coordination of the ramping between power generating modules, demand units and active power consumption within the LFC block.
Where the values calculated for the period of one calendar year concerning the frequency quality target parameters or the FRCE target parameters are outside the targets set for the synchronous area or for the LFC block, all TSOs of the relevant synchronous area or of the relevant LFC block shall:
analyse whether the frequency quality target parameters or the FRCE target parameters will remain outside the targets set for the synchronous area or for the LFC block and in case of a justified risk that this may happen, analyse the causes and develop recommendations; and
develop mitigation measures to ensure that the targets for the synchronous area or for the LFC block can be met in the future.
1.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall specify the load-frequency-control structure for the synchronous area in the synchronous area operational agreement. Each TSO shall be responsible for implementing the load-frequency-control structure of its synchronous area and operating in accordance with it.
2.The load-frequency control structure of each synchronous area shall include:
(a)a process activation structure in accordance with Article 140; and
(b)a process responsibility structure in accordance with Article 141.
1.The process activation structure shall include:
(a)a FCP pursuant to Article 142;
(b)a FRP pursuant to Article 143; and
(c)for the CE synchronous area, a time control process pursuant to Article 181.
2.The process activation structure may include:
(a)a RRP pursuant to Article 144;
(b)an imbalance netting process in accordance with Article 146;
(c)a cross-border FRR activation process in accordance with Article 147;
(d)a cross-border RR activation process in accordance with Article 148; and
(e)for synchronous areas other than CE, a time control process pursuant to Article 181.
1.When specifying the process responsibility structure, all TSOs of each synchronous area shall take into account at least the following criteria:
(a)the size and the total inertia, including synthetic inertia, of the synchronous area;
(b)the grid structure and/or network topology; and
(c)the load, generation and HVDC behaviour.
2.By 4 months after entry into force of this Regulation, all TSOs of a synchronous area shall jointly develop a common proposal regarding the determination of the LFC blocks, which shall comply with the following requirements:
(a)a monitoring area corresponds to or is part of only one LFC area;
(b)a LFC area corresponds to or is part of only one LFC block;
(c)a LFC block corresponds to or is part of only one synchronous area; and
(d)each network element is part of only one monitoring area, only one LFC area and only one LFC block.
3.All TSOs of each monitoring area shall continuously calculate and monitor the real-time active power interchange of the monitoring area.
4.All TSOs of each LFC area shall:
(a)continuously monitor the FRCE of the LFC area;
(b)implement and operate a FRP for the LFC area;
(c)endeavour to fulfil the FRCE target parameters of the LFC area as defined in Article 128; and
(d)have the right to implement one or several of the processes referred to in Article 140(2).
5.All TSOs of each LFC block shall:
(a)endeavour to fulfil the FRCE target parameters of the LFC block as defined in Article 128; and
(b)comply with the FRR dimensioning rules in accordance with Article 157 and the RR dimensioning rules in accordance with Article 160.
6.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall:
(a)implement and operate a FCP for the synchronous area;
(b)comply with FCR dimensioning rules in accordance with Article 153; and
(c)endeavour to fulfil the frequency quality target parameters in accordance with Article 127.
7.All TSOs of each monitoring area shall specify in the monitoring area operational agreement the allocation of responsibilities between TSOs in the monitoring area for the implementation of the obligation set out in paragraph 3.
8.All TSOs of each LFC area shall specify in the LFC area operational agreement the allocation of responsibilities between TSOs in the LFC area for the implementation of the obligations set out in paragraph 4.
9.All TSOs of each LFC block shall specify in the LFC block operational agreement the allocation of responsibilities between TSOs in the LFC block for the implementation of the obligations set out paragraph 5.
10.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall specify in the synchronous area operational agreement the allocation of responsibilities between TSOs in the synchronous area for the implementation of the obligations set out in paragraph 6.
11.All TSOs of two or more LFC areas connected by interconnections shall have the right to form an LFC block if the requirements for the LFC block set out in paragraph 5 are fulfilled.
1.The control target of FCP shall be the stabilization of the system frequency by activation of FCR.
2.The overall characteristic for FCR activation in a synchronous area shall reflect a monotonic decrease of the FCR activation as a function of the frequency deviation.
1.The control target of the FRP shall be to:
(a)regulate the FRCE towards zero within the time to restore frequency;
(b)for the CE and Nordic synchronous areas, to progressively replace the activated FCR by activation of FRR in accordance with Article 145.
2.The FRCE is:
(a)the ACE of an LFC area, where there is more than one LFC area in a synchronous area; or
(b)the frequency deviation, where one LFC area corresponds to the LFC block and the synchronous area.
3.The ACE of a LFC area shall be calculated as the sum of the product of the K-Factor of the LFC area with the frequency deviation plus de subtraction of:
(a)the total interconnector and virtual tie-line active power flow; and
(b)the control program in accordance with Article 136.
4.Where a LFC area consists of more than one monitoring area, all TSOs of the LFC area shall appoint one TSO in the LFC area operational agreement responsible for the implementation and operation of the frequency restoration process.
5.Where a LFC area consists of more than one monitoring area, the frequency restoration process of this LFC area shall enable the control of the active power interchange of each monitoring area to a value determined as secure based on a real-time operational security analysis.
1.The control target of the RRP shall be to fulfil at least one of the following goals by activation of RR:
(a)progressively restore the activated FRR;
(b)support FRR activation;
(c)for the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas, to progressively restore the activated FCR and FRR.
2.The RRP shall be operated through instructions for manual RR activation in order to fulfil the control target in accordance with paragraph 1.
1.Each TSO of each LFC area shall implement an automatic frequency restoration process (‘aFRP’) and a manual frequency restoration process (‘mFRP’).
2.By 2 years after entry into force of this regulation, the TSOs of GB and IE/NI synchronous areas may each submit a proposal to their competent regulatory authorities requesting not to implement an aFRP. Those proposals shall include a cost-benefit analysis demonstrating that implementation of an aFRP would lead to higher costs than benefits. In case the proposal is approved by the competent regulatory authorities, the respective TSOs and regulatory authorities shall re-evaluate such decision at least every 4 years.
3.If an LFC area consists of more than one monitoring area, all TSOs of the LFC area shall set out a process for the implementation of an aFRP and an mFRP in the LFC area operational agreement. Where an LFC block consists of more than one LFC area, all TSOs of the LFC areas shall set out a process for the implementation of an mFRP in the LFC block operational agreement.
4.The aFRP shall be operated in a closed-loop manner where the FRCE is an input and the setpoint for automatic FRR activation is an output. The setpoint for automatic FRR activation shall be calculated by a single frequency restoration controller operated by a TSO within its LFC area. For the CE and Nordic synchronous areas, the frequency restoration controller shall:
(a)be an automatic control device designed to reduce the FRCE to zero;
(b)have proportional-integral behaviour;
(c)have a control algorithm which prevents the integral term of a proportional-integral controller from accumulating the control error and overshooting; and
(d)have functionalities for extraordinary operational modes for the alert and emergency states.
5.The mFRP shall be operated through instructions for manual FRR activation in order to fulfil the control target in accordance with Article 143(1).
6.In addition to the aFRP implementation in the LFC areas, all TSOs of an LFC block which consists of more than one LFC area shall have the right to appoint one TSO of the LFC block in the LFC block operational agreement to:
(a)calculate and monitor the FRCE of the whole LFC block; and
(b)take the FRCE of the whole LFC block into account for the calculation of the setpoint value for aFRR activation in accordance with Article 143(3) in addition to the FRCE of its LFC area.
1.The control target of the imbalance netting process shall aim at reducing the amount of simultaneous counteracting FRR activations of the different participating LFC areas by imbalance netting power interchange.
2.Each TSO shall have the right to implement the imbalance netting process for the LFC areas in the same LFC block, between different LFC blocks or between different synchronous areas, by concluding an imbalance netting agreement.
3.TSOs shall implement the imbalance netting process in a way which does not affect:
(a)the stability of the FCP of the synchronous area or synchronous areas involved in the imbalance netting process;
(b)the stability of the FRP and the RRP of each LFC area operated by participating or affected TSOs; and
(c)operational security.
4.TSOs shall implement the imbalance netting power interchange between LFC areas of a synchronous area in at least one of the following ways:
(a)by defining an active power flow over a virtual tie-line which shall be part of the FRCE calculation;
(b)by adjusting the active power flows over HVDC interconnectors.
5.TSOs shall implement the imbalance netting power interchange between LFC areas of different synchronous areas by adjusting the active power flows over HVDC interconnectors.
6.TSOs shall implement the imbalance netting power interchange of a LFC area in a way which does not exceed the actual amount of FRR activation necessary to regulate the FRCE of that LFC area to zero without imbalance netting power interchange.
7.All TSOs participating in the same imbalance netting process shall ensure that the sum of all imbalance netting power interchanges is equal to zero.
8.The imbalance netting process shall include a fallback mechanism which shall ensure that the imbalance netting power interchange of each LFC area is zero or limited to a value for which operational security can be guaranteed.
9.Where a LFC block consists of more than one LFC area and the reserve capacity on FRR as well as the reserve capacity on RR is calculated based on the LFC block imbalances, all TSOs of the same LFC block shall implement an imbalance netting process and interchange the maximum amount of imbalance netting power defined in paragraph 6 with other LFC areas of the same LFC block.
10.Where an imbalance netting process is implemented for LFC areas of different synchronous areas, all TSOs shall interchange the maximum amount of imbalance netting power defined in paragraph 6 with other TSOs of the same synchronous area participating in that imbalance netting process.
11.Where an imbalance netting process is implemented for LFC areas which are not part of the same LFC block, all TSOs of the LFC blocks involved shall comply with the obligations in Article 141(5) regardless of imbalance netting power interchange.
1.The control target of the cross-border FRR activation process shall aim at enabling a TSO to perform the FRP by frequency restoration power interchange between LFC areas.
2.Each TSO shall have the right to implement the cross-border FRR activation process for LFC areas within the same LFC block, between different LFC blocks or between different synchronous areas by concluding a cross-border FRR activation agreement.
3.TSOs shall implement the cross-border FRR activation process in a way which does not affect:
(a)the stability of the FCP of the synchronous area or synchronous areas involved in the cross-border FRR activation process;
(b)the stability of the FRP and the RRP of each LFC area operated by participating or affected TSOs; and
(c)operational security.
4.TSOs shall implement the frequency restoration power interchange between LFC areas of the same synchronous area through one of the following actions:
(a)defining an active power flow over a virtual tie-line which shall be part of the FRCE calculation where FRR activation is automated;
(b)adjusting a control program or defining an active power flow over a virtual tie-line between LFC areas where FRR activation is manual; or
(c)adjusting the active power flows over HVDC interconnectors.
5.TSOs shall implement the frequency restoration power interchange between LFC areas of different synchronous areas by adjusting the active power flows over HVDC interconnectors.
6.All TSOs participating in the same cross-border FRR activation process shall ensure that the sum of all frequency restoration power interchanges is equal to zero.
7.The cross-border FRR activation process shall include a fallback mechanism which shall ensure that the frequency restoration power interchange of each LFC area is zero or limited to a value for which operational security can be guaranteed.
1.The control target of the cross-border RR activation process shall aim at enabling a TSO to perform the RRP through control program between LFC areas.
2.Each TSO shall have the right to implement the cross-border RR activation process for LFC areas within the same LFC block, between different LFC blocks or between different synchronous areas by concluding a cross-border RR activation agreement.
3.TSOs shall implement the cross-border RR activation process in a way which does not affect:
(a)the stability of the FCP of the synchronous area or synchronous areas involved in the cross-border RR activation process;
(b)the stability of the FRP and the RRP of each LFC area operated by participating or affected TSOs; and
(c)the operational security.
4.TSOs shall implement the control program between LFC areas of the same synchronous area by carrying out at least one of the following actions:
(a)determining an active power flow over a virtual tie-line which shall be part of the FRCE calculation;
(b)adjusting a control program; or
(c)adjusting active power flows over HVDC interconnectors.
5.TSOs shall implement the control program between LFC areas of different synchronous areas by adjusting active power flows over HVDC interconnectors.
6.All TSOs participating in the same cross-border RR activation process shall ensure that the sum of all control programs is equal to zero.
7.The cross-border RR activation process shall include a fall-back mechanism which shall ensure that the control program of each LFC area is zero or limited to a value for which operational security can be guaranteed.
1.All TSOs participating in an exchange or sharing of FRR or RR shall implement a cross-border FRR or RR activation process, as appropriate.
2.All TSOs of a synchronous area shall specify in the synchronous area operational agreement the roles and responsibilities of the TSOs implementing an imbalance netting process, a cross-border FRR activation process or a cross-border RR activation process between LFC areas of different LFC blocks or of different synchronous areas.
3.All TSOs participating in the same imbalance netting process, in the same cross-border FRR activation process or in the same cross-border RR activation process shall specify in the respective agreements, the roles and responsibilities of all TSOs including:
(a)the provision of all input data necessary for:
the calculation of the power interchange with respect to the operational security limits; and
the performance of real-time operational security analysis by participating and affected TSOs;
(b)the responsibility of calculating the power interchange; and
(c)the implementation of operational procedures to ensure the operational security.
4.Without prejudice to Article 146(9), (10) and (11) and as part of the agreements referred to in Articles 122, 123 and 124, all TSOs participating in the same imbalance netting process, cross-border FRR activation process or cross-border RR activation process shall have the right to specify a sequential approach for calculation of the power interchange. The sequential calculation of the power interchange shall allow any group of TSOs operating LFC areas or LFC blocks connected by interconnections to interchange imbalance netting, frequency restoration or reserve replacement power among themselves ahead of an interchange with other TSOs.
1.TSOs who intend to exercise the right to implement an imbalance netting process, a cross-border FRR activation process, a cross-border RR activation process, an exchange of reserves or a sharing of reserves shall, 3 months before exercising such right, notify all other TSOs of the same synchronous area about:
(a)the TSOs involved;
(b)the expected amount of power interchange due to the imbalance netting process, cross-border FRR activation process or cross-border RR activation process;
(c)the reserve type and maximum amount of exchange or sharing of reserves; and
(d)the timeframe of exchange or sharing of reserves.
2.Where an imbalance netting process, a cross-border FRR activation process or a cross-border RR activation process is implemented for LFC areas that are not part of the same LFC block, each TSO of the concerned synchronous areas shall have the right to declare itself as an affected TSO to all TSOs of the synchronous area based on an operational security analysis and within 1 month after receipt of the notification pursuant to paragraph 1.
3.The affected TSO shall have the right to:
(a)require the provision of real-time values of imbalance netting power interchange, frequency restoration power interchange and control program necessary for real-time operational security analysis; and
(b)require the implementation of an operational procedure enabling the affected TSO to set limits for the imbalance netting power interchange, frequency restoration power interchange and control program between the respective LFC areas based on operational security analysis in real-time.
1.All TSOs shall assess what technical infrastructure is necessary to implement and operate the processes referred to in Article 140 and considered critical pursuant to the security plan referred to in Article 26.
2.All TSOs of a synchronous area shall specify, in the synchronous area operational agreement, minimum requirements for the availability, reliability and redundancy of the technical infrastructure referred to in paragraph 1 including:
(a)the accuracy, resolution, availability and redundancy of active power flow and virtual tie-line measurements;
(b)the availability and redundancy of digital control systems;
(c)the availability and redundancy of communication infrastructure; and
(d)communication protocols.
3.All TSOs of a LFC block shall set out additional requirements for the availability, reliability and redundancy of the technical infrastructure in the LFC block operational agreement.
4.Each TSO of a LFC area shall:
(a)ensure a sufficient quality and availability of the FRCE calculation;
(b)perform real-time quality monitoring of the FRCE calculation;
(c)take action in case of FRCE miscalculation; and
(d)where the FRCE is determined by the ACE, perform an ex-post quality monitoring of the FRCE calculation by comparing FRCE to reference values at least on an annual basis.
1.Each TSO shall operate its control area with sufficient upward and downward active power reserve, which may include shared or exchanged reserves, to face imbalances between demand and supply within its control area. Each TSO shall control the FRCE as defined in the Article 143 in order to reach the required frequency quality within the synchronous area in cooperation with all TSOs in the same synchronous area.
2.Each TSO shall monitor close to real-time generation and exchange schedules, power flows, node injections and withdrawals and other parameters within its control area relevant for anticipating a risk of a frequency deviation and shall take, in coordination with other TSOs of its synchronous area, measures to limit their negative effects on the balance between generation and demand.
3.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall specify a real-time data exchange in accordance with Article 42 which shall include:
(a)the system state of the transmission system in accordance with Article 18; and
(b)the real-time measurement data of the FRCE of the LFC blocks and LFC areas of the synchronous area.
4.The synchronous area monitor shall determine the system state with regard to the system frequency in accordance with Article 18(1) and (2).
5.The synchronous area monitor shall ensure that all TSOs of all synchronous areas are informed in case the system frequency deviation fulfils one of the criteria for the alert state referred to in Article 18.
6.All TSOs of a synchronous area shall define in the synchronous area operational agreement common rules for the operation of load-frequency control in the normal state and alert state.
7.All TSOs of the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas shall specify in the synchronous area operational agreement operational procedures for case of exhausted FCR. In those operational procedures the TSOs of a synchronous area shall have the right to require changes in the active power production or consumption of power generating modules and demand units.
8.All TSOs of a LFC block shall specify operational procedures for cases of exhausted FRR or RR in the LFC block operational agreement. In those operational procedures the TSOs of a LFC block shall have the right to require changes in the active power production or consumption of power generating modules and demand units.
9.The TSOs of a LFC block shall endeavour to avoid FRCEs which last longer than the time to restore frequency.
10.All TSOs of a synchronous area shall specify in the synchronous area operational agreement the operational procedures for the alert state due to a violation of system frequency limits. The operational procedures shall aim at reducing the system frequency deviation in order to restore the system state to the normal state and to limit the risk of entering the emergency state. The operational procedures shall include the right of TSOs to deviate from the obligation set in Article 143(1).
11.If the system state is in the alert state due to insufficient active power reserves in accordance with Article 18, the TSOs of the concerned LFC blocks shall, in close cooperation with the other TSOs of the synchronous area and the TSOs of other synchronous areas, act to restore and replace the necessary levels of active power reserves. For that purpose, the TSOs of a LFC block shall have the right to require changes in the active power production or consumption of power generating modules or demand units within its control area to reduce or to remove the violation of the requirements concerning active power reserve.
12.If the 1-minute average of the FRCE of a LFC block is above the Level 2 FRCE range at least during the time necessary to restore frequency and where the TSOs of a LFC block do not expect that FRCE will be sufficiently reduced by undertaking the actions in paragraph 15, TSOs shall have the right to require changes in the active power production or consumption of power generating modules and demand units within their respective areas to reduce the FRCE as specified in paragraph 16.
13.For the CE and Nordic synchronous areas, where the FRCE of a LFC block exceeds 25 % of the reference incident of the synchronous area for more than 30 consecutive minutes and if the TSOs of that LFC block do not expect to reduce sufficiently the FRCE with the actions taken pursuant to paragraph 15, the TSOs shall require changes in the active power production or consumption of power generating modules and demand units within their respective areas to reduce the FRCE as specified in paragraph 16.
14.The LFC block monitor shall be responsible for identifying any violation of the limits in paragraphs 12 and 13 and:
(a)shall inform the other TSOs of the LFC block; and
(b)together with the TSOs of the LFC block shall implement coordinated actions to reduce the FRCE which shall be specified in the LFC block operational agreement.
15.For the cases referred to in paragraphs 11 to 13 all the TSOs of each synchronous area shall specify in the synchronous area operational agreement actions to enable the TSOs of a LFC block to actively reduce the frequency deviation with the cross-border activation of reserves. In cases referred to in paragraphs 11 to 13 the TSOs of the synchronous area shall endeavour to enable the TSOs of the concerned LFC block to reduce their FRCE.
16.The TSOs of a LFC block shall specify, in the LFC block operational agreement, measures to reduce the FRCE by means of changes in the active power production or consumption of power generating modules and demand units within their area.
1.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall determine, at least annually, the reserve capacity for FCR required for the synchronous area and the initial FCR obligation of each TSO in accordance with paragraph 2.
2.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall specify dimensioning rules in the synchronous area operational agreement in accordance with the following criteria:
(a)the reserve capacity for FCR required for the synchronous area shall cover at least the reference incident and, for the CE and Nordic synchronous areas, the results of the probabilistic dimensioning approach for FCR carried out pursuant to point (c);
(b)the size of the reference incident shall be determined in accordance with the following conditions:
for the CE synchronous area, the reference incident shall be 3 000 MW in positive direction and 3 000 MW in negative direction;
for the GB, IE/NI, and Nordic synchronous areas, the reference incident shall be the largest imbalance that may result from an instantaneous change of active power such as that of a single power generating module, single demand facility, or single HVDC interconnector or from a tripping of an AC line, or it shall be the maximum instantaneous loss of active power consumption due to the tripping of one or two connection points. The reference incident shall be determined separately for positive and negative direction;
(c)for the CE and Nordic synchronous areas, all TSOs of the synchronous area shall have the right to define a probabilistic dimensioning approach for FCR taking into account the pattern of load, generation and inertia, including synthetic inertia as well as the available means to deploy minimum inertia in real-time in accordance with the methodology referred to in Article 39, with the aim of reducing the probability of insufficient FCR to below or equal to once in 20 years; and
(d)the shares of the reserve capacity on FCR required for each TSO as initial FCR obligation shall be based on the sum of the net generation and consumption of its control area divided by the sum of net generation and consumption of the synchronous area over a period of 1 year.
1.Each reserve connecting TSO shall ensure that the FCR fulfils the properties listed for its synchronous area in the Table of Annex V.
2.All TSOs of a synchronous area shall have the right to specify, in the synchronous area operational agreement, common additional properties of the FCR required to ensure operational security in the synchronous area, by means of a set of technical parameters and within the ranges in Article 15(2)(d) of Regulation (EU) 2016/631 and Articles 27 and 28 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1388. Those common additional properties of FCR shall take into account the installed capacity, structure and pattern of consumption and generation of the synchronous area. The TSOs shall apply a transitional period for the introduction of additional properties, defined in consultation with the affected FCR providers.
3.The reserve connecting TSO shall have the right to set out additional requirements for FCR providing groups within the ranges in Article 15(2)(d) of Regulation (EU) 2016/631 and Articles 27 and 28 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1388 in order to ensure operational security. Those additional requirements shall be based on technical reasons such as the geographical distribution of the power generating modules or demand units belonging to an FCR providing group. The FCR provider shall ensure that the monitoring of the FCR activation of the FCR providing units within a reserve providing group is possible.
4.The reserve connecting TSO shall have the right to exclude FCR providing groups from the provision of FCR in order to ensure operational security. This exclusion shall be based on technical reasons such as the geographical distribution of the power generating modules or demand units belonging to an FCR providing group.
5.Each FCR providing unit and each FCR providing group shall have only one reserve connecting TSO.
6.Each FCR providing unit and each FCR providing group shall comply with the properties required for FCR in the Table of Annex V and with any additional properties or requirements specified in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 and activate the agreed FCR by means of a proportional governor reacting to frequency deviations or alternatively based on a monotonic piecewise linear power-frequency characteristic in case of relay activated FCR. They shall be capable of activating FCR within the frequency ranges specified in Article 13(1) of Regulation (EU) 2016/631.
7.Each TSO of the CE synchronous area shall ensure that the combined reaction of FCR of a LFC area comply with the following requirements:
(a)the activation of FCR shall not be artificially delayed and begin as soon as possible after a frequency deviation;
(b)in case of a frequency deviation equal to or larger than 200 mHz, at least 50 % of the full FCR capacity shall be delivered at the latest after 15 seconds;
(c)in case of a frequency deviation equal to or larger than 200 mHz, 100 % of the full FCR capacity shall be delivered at the latest after 30 seconds;
(d)in case of a frequency deviation equal to or larger than 200 mHz, the activation of the full FCR capacity shall rise at least linearly from 15 to 30 seconds; and
(e)in case of a frequency deviation smaller than 200 mHz the related activated FCR capacity shall be at least proportional with the same time behaviour referred to in points (a) to (d).
8.Each reserve connecting TSO shall monitor its contribution to the FCP and its FCR activation with respect to its FCR obligation, including FCR providing units and FCR providing groups. Each FCR provider shall make available to the reserve connecting TSO, for each of its FCR providing units and FCR providing groups, at least the following information:
(a)time-stamped status indicating if FCR is on or off;
(b)time-stamped active power data needed to verify FCR activation, including time-stamped instantaneous active power;
(c)droop of the governor for type C and type D power generating modules as defined in Article 5 of Regulation (EU) 2016/631 acting as FCR providing units, or its equivalent parameter for FCR providing groups consisting of type A and/or type B power generating modules as defined in Article 5 of Regulation (EU) 2016/631, and/or demand units with demand response active power control as defined in Article 28 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1388.
9.Each FCR provider shall have the right to aggregate the respective data for more than one FCR providing unit if the maximum power of the aggregated units is below 1,5 MW and a clear verification of activation of FCR is possible.
10.At the request of the reserve connecting TSO, the FCR provider shall make the information listed in paragraph 9 available in real-time, with a time resolution of at least 10 seconds.
11.At the request of the reserve connecting TSO and where necessary for the verification of the activation of FCR, a FCR provider shall make available the data listed in paragraph 9 concerning technical installations that are part of the same FCR providing unit.
1.By 12 months after entry into force of this regulation, each TSO shall develop an FCR prequalification process and shall make publicly available the details of the FCR prequalification process.
2.A potential FCR provider shall demonstrate to the reserve connecting TSO that it complies with the technical and the additional requirements set out in Article 154 by completing successfully the prequalification process of potential FCR providing units or FCR providing groups, described in paragraphs 3 to 6 of this Article.
3.A potential FCR provider shall submit a formal application to the reserve connecting TSO together with the required information of potential FCR providing units or FCR providing groups. Within 8 weeks from receipt of the application, the reserve connecting TSO shall confirm whether the application is complete. Where the reserve connecting TSO considers that the application is incomplete, the potential FCR provider shall submit the additional required information within 4 weeks from receipt of the request for additional information. Where the potential FCR provider does not supply the requested information within that deadline, the application shall be deemed withdrawn.
4.Within 3 months from confirmation that the application is complete, the reserve connecting TSO shall evaluate the information provided and decide whether the potential FCR providing units or FCR providing groups meet the criteria for an FCR prequalification. The reserve connecting TSO shall notify its decision to the potential FCR provider.
5.Where the compliance with certain requirements of this Regulation has already been verified by the reserve connecting TSO, it will be recognised in the prequalification.
6.The qualification of FCR providing units or FCR providing groups shall be re-assessed:
(a)at least once every 5 years;
(b)in case the technical or availability requirements or the equipment have changed; and
(c)in case of modernisation of the equipment related to FCR activation.
1.Each TSO shall ensure the availability of at least its FCR obligations agreed between all TSOs of the same synchronous area in accordance with Articles 153, 163, 173 and 174.
2.All TSOs of a synchronous area shall determine, at least on an annual basis, the size of the K-factor of the synchronous area, taking into account at least the following factors:
(a)the reserve capacity on FCR divided by the maximum steady-state frequency deviation;
(b)the auto-control of generation;
(c)the self-regulation of load, taking into account the contribution in accordance with Articles 27 and 28 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1388;
(d)the frequency response of HVDC interconnectors referred to in Article 172; and
(e)the LFSM and FSM activation in accordance with Articles 13 and 15 of Regulation (EU) 2016/631.
3.All TSOs of a synchronous area consisting of more than one LFC area shall, in the synchronous area operational agreement, determine the shares of the K-factor for each LFC area, which shall be based on at least:
(a)the initial FCR obligations;
(b)auto-control of generation;
(c)the self-regulation of load;
(d)frequency coupling via HVDC between synchronous areas;
(e)exchange of FCR.
4.An FCR provider shall guarantee the continuous availability of FCR, with the exception of a forced outage of a FCR providing unit, during the period of time in which it is obliged to provide FCR.
5.Each FCR provider shall inform its reserve connecting TSO, as soon as possible, about any changes in the actual availability of its FCR providing unit and/or its FCR providing group, in whole or in part, relevant for the results of prequalification.
6.Each TSO shall ensure, or shall require its FCR providers to ensure that the loss of a FCR providing unit does not endanger the operational security by:
(a)limiting the share of the FCR provided per FCR providing unit to 5 % of the reserve capacity of FCR required for each of the whole CE and Nordic synchronous areas;
(b)excluding the FCR provided by the unit defining the reference incident of the synchronous area from the dimensioning process for GB, IE/NI and Nordic synchronous areas; and
(c)replacing the FCR which is made unavailable due to a forced outage or the unavailability of an FCR providing unit or FCR providing group as soon as technically possible and in accordance with the conditions that shall be defined by the reserve connecting TSO.
7.An FCR providing unit or FCR providing group with an energy reservoir that does not limit its capability to provide FCR shall activate its FCR for as long as the frequency deviation persists. For the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas, a FCR providing unit or FCR providing group with an energy reservoir that does not limit its capability to provide FCR shall activate its FCR until it activates its FRR or for the period specified in the synchronous area operational agreement.
8.A FCR providing unit or FCR providing group with an energy reservoir that limits its capability to provide FCR shall activate its FCR for as long as the frequency deviation persists, unless its energy reservoir is exhausted in either the positive or negative direction. For the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas, a FCR providing unit or FCR providing group with an energy reservoir that limits its capability to provide FCR shall activate its FCR until it activates its FRR or for the period specified in the synchronous area operational agreement.
9.For the CE and Nordic synchronous areas, each FCR provider shall ensure that the FCR from its FCR providing units or groups with limited energy reservoirs are continuously available during normal state. For the CE and Nordic synchronous areas, as of triggering the alert state and during the alert state, each FCR provider shall ensure that its FCR providing units or groups with limited energy reservoirs are able to fully activate FCR continuously for a time period to be defined pursuant to paragraphs 10 and 11. Where no period has been determined pursuant to paragraphs 10 and 11, each FCR provider shall ensure that its FCR providing units or groups with limited energy reservoirs are able to fully activate FCR continuously for at least 15 minutes or, in case of frequency deviations that are smaller than a frequency deviation requiring full FCR activation, for an equivalent length of time, or for a period defined by each TSO, which shall not be greater than 30 or smaller than 15 minutes.
10.For the CE and Nordic synchronous areas, all TSOs shall develop a proposal concerning the minimum activation period to be ensured by FCR providers. The period determined shall not be greater than 30 or smaller than 15 minutes. The proposal shall take full account of the results of the cost-benefit analysis conducted pursuant to paragraph 11.
11.By 6 months after entry into force of this regulation, the TSOs of the CE and Nordic synchronous areas shall propose assumptions and methodology for a cost-benefit analysis to be conducted, in order to assess the time period required for FCR providing units or groups with limited energy reservoirs to remain available during alert state. By 12 months after approval of the assumptions and methodology by all regulatory authorities of the concerned region, the TSOs of the CE and Nordic synchronous areas shall submit the results of their cost-benefit analysis to the concerned regulatory authorities, suggesting a time period which shall not be greater than 30 or smaller than 15 minutes. The cost-benefit analysis shall take into account at least:
(a)experiences gathered with different timeframes and shares of emerging technologies in different LFC blocks;
(b)the impact of a defined time period on the total cost of FCR reserves in the synchronous area;
(c)the impact of a defined time period on system stability risks, in particular through prolonged or repeated frequency events;
(d)the impact on system stability risks and total cost of FCR in case of increasing total volume of FCR;
(e)the impact of technological developments on costs of availability periods for FCR from its FCR providing units or groups with limited energy reservoirs.
12.The FCR provider shall specify the limitations of the energy reservoir of its FCR providing units or FCR providing groups in the prequalification process in accordance with Article 155.
13.A FCR provider using FCR providing units or FCR providing group with an energy reservoir that limits their capability to provide FCR shall ensure the recovery of the energy reservoirs in the positive or negative directions in accordance with the following criteria:
(a)for the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas, the FCR provider shall use the methods specified in the synchronous area operational agreement;
(b)for the CE and Nordic synchronous areas, the FCR provider shall ensure the recovery of the energy reservoirs as soon as possible, within 2 hours after the end of the alert state.
1.All TSOs of a LFC Block shall set out FRR dimensioning rules in the LFC Block operational agreement.
2.The FRR dimensioning rules shall include at least the following:
(a)all TSOs of a LFC block in the CE and Nordic synchronous areas shall determine the required reserve capacity of FRR of the LFC block based on consecutive historical records comprising at least the historical LFC block imbalance values. The sampling of those historical records shall cover at least the time to restore frequency. The time period considered for those records shall be representative and include at least one full year period ending not earlier than 6 months before the calculation date;
(b)all TSOs of a LFC block in the CE and Nordic synchronous areas shall determine the reserve capacity on FRR of the LFC block sufficient to respect the current FRCE target parameters in Article 128 for the time period referred to in point (a) based at least on a probabilistic methodology. In using that probabilistic methodology, the TSOs shall take into account the restrictions defined in the agreements for the sharing or exchange of reserves due to possible violations of operational security and the FRR availability requirements. All TSOs of a LFC block shall take into account any expected significant changes to the distribution of LFC block imbalances or take into account other relevant influencing factors relative to the time period considered;
(c)all TSOs of a LFC block shall determine the ratio of automatic FRR, manual FRR, the automatic FRR full activation time and manual FRR full activation time in order to comply with the requirement of paragraph (b). For that purpose, the automatic FRR full activation time of a LFC block and the manual FRR full activation time of the LFC block shall not be more than the time to restore frequency;
(d)the TSOs of a LFC block shall determine the size of the reference incident which shall be the largest imbalance that may result from an instantaneous change of active power of a single power generating module, single demand facility, or single HVDC interconnector or from a tripping of an AC line within the LFC block;
(e)all TSOs of a LFC block shall determine the positive reserve capacity on FRR, which shall not be less than the positive dimensioning incident of the LFC block;
(f)all TSOs of a LFC block shall determine the negative reserve capacity on FRR, which shall not be less than the negative dimensioning incident of the LFC block;
(g)all TSOs of a LFC block shall determine the reserve capacity on FRR of a LFC block, any possible geographical limitations for its distribution within the LFC block and any possible geographical limitations for any exchange of reserves or sharing of reserves with other LFC blocks to comply with the operational security limits;
(h)all TSOs of a LFC block shall ensure that the positive reserve capacity on FRR or a combination of reserve capacity on FRR and RR is sufficient to cover the positive LFC block imbalances for at least 99 % of the time, based on the historical records referred to in point (a);
(i)all TSOs of a LFC block shall ensure that the negative reserve capacity on FRR or a combination of reserve capacity on FRR and RR is sufficient to cover the negative LFC block imbalances for at least 99 % of the time, based on the historical record referred to in point (a);
(j)all TSOs of a LFC block may reduce the positive reserve capacity on FRR of the LFC block resulting from the FRR dimensioning process by concluding a FRR sharing agreement with other LFC blocks in accordance with provisions in Title 8. The following requirements shall apply to that sharing agreement:
for the CE and Nordic synchronous areas, the reduction of the positive reserve capacity on FRR of a LFC block shall be limited to the difference, if positive, between the size of the positive dimensioning incident and the reserve capacity on FRR required to cover the positive LFC block imbalances during 99 % of the time, based on the historical records referred to in point (a). The reduction of the positive reserve capacity shall not exceed 30 % of the size of the positive dimensioning incident;
for the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas, the positive reserve capacity on FRR and the risk of non-delivery due to sharing shall be assessed continually by the TSOs of the LFC block;
(k)all TSOs of a LFC block may reduce the negative reserve capacity on FRR of the LFC block, resulting from the FRR dimensioning process by concluding a FRR sharing agreement with other LFC blocks in accordance with the provisions of Title 8. The following requirements shall apply to that sharing agreement:
for the CE and Nordic synchronous areas, the reduction of the negative reserve capacity on FRR of a LFC block shall be limited to the difference, if positive, between the size of the negative dimensioning incident and the reserve capacity on FRR required to cover the negative LFC block imbalances during 99 % of the time, based on the historical records referred to in point (a);
for the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas, the negative reserve capacity on FRR and the risk of non-delivery due to sharing shall be assessed continually by the TSOs of the LFC block.
3.All TSOs of a LFC block where the LFC block comprises more than one TSO shall set out, in the LFC block operational agreement, the specific allocation of responsibilities between the TSOs of the LFC areas for the implementation of the obligations established in paragraph 2.
4.All TSOs of a LFC block shall have sufficient reserve capacity on FRR at any time in accordance with the FRR dimensioning rules. The TSOs of a LFC block shall specify in the LFC block operational agreement an escalation procedure for cases of severe risk of insufficient reserve capacity on FRR in the LFC block.
1.The FRR minimum technical requirements shall be the following:
(a)each FRR providing unit and each FRR providing group shall be connected to only one reserve connecting TSO;
(b)a FRR providing unit or FRR providing group shall activate FRR in accordance with the setpoint received from the reserve instructing TSO;
(c)the reserve instructing TSO shall be the reserve connecting TSO or a TSO designated by the reserve connecting TSO in an FRR exchange agreement pursuant to Article 165(3) or 171(4);
(d)a FRR providing unit or FRR providing group for automatic FRR shall have an automatic FRR activation delay not exceeding 30 seconds;
(e)a FRR provider shall ensure that the FRR activation of the FRR providing units within a reserve providing group can be monitored. For that purpose, the FRR provider shall be capable of supplying to the reserve connecting TSO and the reserve instructing TSO real-time measurements of the connection point or another point of interaction agreed with the reserve connecting TSO concerning:
time-stamped scheduled active power output;
time-stamped instantaneous active power for:
each FRR providing unit,
each FRR providing group, and
each power generating module or demand unit of a FRR providing group with a maximum active power output larger than or equal to 1,5 MW;
(f)a FRR providing unit or FRR providing group for automatic FRR shall be capable of activating its complete automatic reserve capacity on FRR within the automatic FRR full activation time;
(g)a FRR providing unit or FRR providing group for manual FRR shall be capable of activating its complete manual reserve capacity on FRR within the manual FRR full activation time;
(h)a FRR provider shall fulfil the FRR availability requirements; and
(i)a FRR providing unit or FRR providing group shall fulfil the ramping rate requirements of the LFC block.
2.All TSOs of a LFC block shall specify FRR availability requirements and requirements on the control quality of FRR providing units and FRR providing groups for their LFC block in the LFC block operational agreement pursuant to Article 119.
3.The reserve connecting TSO shall adopt the technical requirements for the connection of FRR providing units and FRR providing groups to ensure the safe and secure delivery of FRR.
4.Each FRR provider shall:
(a)ensure that its FRR providing units and FRR providing groups fulfil the FRR technical minimum requirements, the FRR availability requirements and the ramping rate requirements in paragraphs 1 to 3; and
(b)inform its reserve instructing TSO about a reduction of the actual availability of its FRR providing unit or its FRR providing group or a part of its FRR providing group as soon as possible.
5.Each reserve instructing TSO shall ensure the monitoring of the compliance with the FRR minimum technical requirements in paragraph 1, the FRR availability requirements in paragraph 2, the ramping rate requirements in paragraph 1 and the connection requirements in paragraph 3 by its FRR providing units and FRR providing groups.
1.By 12 months after entry into force of this Regulation each TSO shall develop a FRR prequalification process and shall clarify and make publicly available its details.
2.A potential FRR provider shall demonstrate to the reserve connecting TSO or the TSO designated by the reserve connecting TSO in the FRR exchange agreement that it complies with the FRR minimum technical requirements in Article 158(1), the FRR availability requirements in Article 158(2), the ramping rate requirements in Article 158(1) and the connection requirements in Article 158(3) by completing successfully the prequalification process of potential FRR providing units or FRR providing groups, described in paragraphs 3 to 6 of this Article.
3.A potential FRR provider shall submit a formal application to the relevant reserve connecting TSO or the designated TSO together with the required information of potential FRR providing units or FRR providing groups. Within 8 weeks from receipt of the application, the reserve connecting TSO or the designated TSO shall confirm whether the application is complete. Where the reserve connecting TSO or the designated TSO considers that the application is incomplete they shall request additional information and the potential FRR provider shall submit the additional required information within 4 weeks from the receipt of the request. Where the potential FRR provider does not supply the requested information within that deadline, the application shall be deemed to be withdrawn.
4.Within 3 months after the reserve connecting TSO or the designated TSO confirms that the application is complete, the reserve connecting TSO or the designated TSO shall evaluate the information provided and decide whether the potential FRR providing units or FRR providing groups meet the criteria for a FRR prequalification. The reserve connecting TSO or the designated TSO shall notify their decision to the potential FRR provider.
5.The qualification of FRR providing units or FRR providing groups by the reserve connecting TSO or the designated TSO shall be valid for the entire LFC Block.
6.The qualification of FRR providing units or FRR providing groups shall be re-assessed:
(a)at least once every 5 years; and
(b)where the technical or availability requirements or the equipment have changed.
7.To ensure operational security, the reserve connecting TSO shall have the right to exclude FRR providing groups from the provision of FRR based on technical arguments such as the geographical distribution of the power generating modules or demand units belonging to a FRR providing group.
1.All TSOs of an LFC block shall have the right to implement a reserve replacement process.
2.To comply with the FRCE target parameters referred to in Article 128, all TSOs of a LFC block with a RRP, performing a combined dimensioning process of FRR and RR to fulfil the requirements of Article 157(2), shall define RR dimensioning rules in the LFC block operational agreement.
3.The RR dimensioning rules shall comprise at least the following requirements:
(a)for the Nordic and CE synchronous areas there shall be sufficient positive reserve capacity on RR to restore the required amount of positive FRR. For the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas there shall be sufficient positive reserve capacity on RR to restore the required amount of positive FCR and positive FRR;
(b)for the Nordic and CE synchronous areas, there shall be sufficient negative reserve capacity on RR to restore the required amount of negative FRR. For the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas, there shall be sufficient negative reserve capacity on RR to restore the required amount of negative FCR and negative FRR;
(c)there shall be sufficient reserve capacity on RR, where this is taken into account to dimension the reserve capacity on FRR in order to respect the FRCE quality target for the period of time concerned; and
(d)compliance with the operational security within a LFC block to determine the reserve capacity on RR.
4.All TSOs of an LFC block may reduce the positive reserve capacity on RR of the LFC block, resulting from the RR dimensioning process, by developing a RR sharing agreement for that positive reserve capacity on RR with other LFC blocks in accordance with the provisions of Title 8 of Part IV. The control capability receiving TSO shall limit the reduction of its positive reserve capacity on RR in order to:
(a)guarantee that it can still meet its FRCE target parameters set out in Article 128;
(b)ensure that operational security is not endangered; and
(c)ensure that the reduction of the positive reserve capacity on RR does not exceed the remaining positive reserve capacity on RR of the LFC block.
5.All TSOs of a LFC block may reduce the negative reserve capacity on RR of the LFC block, resulting from the RR dimensioning process, by developing a RR sharing agreement for that negative reserve capacity on RR with other LFC blocks in accordance with the provisions of Title 8 of Part IV. The control capability receiving TSO shall limit the reduction of its negative reserve capacity on RR in order to:
(a)guarantee that it can still meet its FRCE target parameters set out in Article 128;
(b)ensure that operational security is not endangered; and
(c)ensure that the reduction of the negative reserve capacity on RR does not exceed the remaining negative reserve capacity on RR of the LFC block.
6.Where a LFC block is operated by more than one TSO and if the process is necessary for the LFC block, all TSOs of that LFC block shall specify in the LFC block operational agreement the allocation of responsibilities between the TSOs of different LFC areas for the implementation of the dimensioning rules set out in paragraph 3.
7.A TSO shall have sufficient reserve capacity on RR in accordance with the RR dimensioning rules at any time. The TSOs of a LFC block shall specify in the LFC block operational agreement an escalation procedure for cases of severe risk of insufficient reserve capacity on RR in the LFC block.
1.RR providing units and RR providing groups shall comply with the following minimum technical requirements:
(a)connection to only one reserve connecting TSO;
(b)RR activation according to the setpoint received from the reserve instructing TSO;
(c)the reserve instructing TSO shall be the reserve connecting TSO or a TSO that shall be designated by the reserve connecting TSO in the RR exchange agreement pursuant to Article 165(3) or 171(4);
(d)activation of complete reserve capacity on RR within the activation time defined by the instructing TSO;
(e)de-activation of RR according to the setpoint received from the reserve instructing TSO;
(f)a RR provider shall ensure that the RR activation of the RR providing units within a reserve providing group can be monitored. For that purpose, the RR provider shall be capable of supplying to the reserve connecting TSO and the reserve instructing TSO real-time measurements of the connection point or another point of interaction agreed with the reserve connecting TSO concerning:
the time-stamped scheduled active power output, for each RR providing unit and group and for each power generating module or demand unit of a RR providing group with a maximum active power output larger than or equal to 1,5 MW;
the time-stamped instantaneous active power, for each RR providing unit and group, and for each power generating module or demand unit of a RR providing group with a maximum active power output larger than or equal to 1,5 MW;
(g)fulfilment of the RR availability requirements.
2.All TSOs of a LFC block shall specify RR availability requirements and requirements on the control quality of RR providing units and RR providing groups in the LFC block operational agreement.
3.The reserve connecting TSO shall adopt the technical requirements for the connection of RR providing units and RR providing groups to ensure the safe and secure delivery of RR in the prequalification process description.
4.Each RR provider shall:
(a)ensure that its RR providing units and RR providing groups fulfil the RR technical minimum requirements and the RR availability requirements referred to in paragraphs 1 to 3; and
(b)inform its reserve instructing TSO about a reduction of the actual availability or a forced outage of its RR providing unit or its RR providing group or a part of its RR providing group as soon as possible.
5.Each reserve instructing TSO shall ensure compliance with the RR technical requirements, the RR availability requirements and the connection requirements referred to in this Article with regard to its RR providing units and RR providing groups.
1.Each TSO of a LFC block which has implemented a RRP shall develop a RR prequalification process within 12 months after entry into force of this Regulation and shall clarify and make publicly available the details thereof.
2.A potential RR provider shall demonstrate to the reserve connecting TSO or the TSO designated by the reserve connecting TSO in the RR exchange agreement that it complies with the RR technical minimum requirements, the RR availability requirements and the connection requirements referred to in Article 161 by completing successfully the prequalification process of potential RR providing units or RR providing groups, described in paragraphs 3 to 6.
3.A potential RR provider shall submit a formal application to the relevant reserve connecting TSO or the designated TSO together with the required information of potential RR providing units or RR providing groups. Within 8 weeks from receipt of the application, the reserve connecting TSO or the designated TSO shall confirm whether the application is complete. Where the reserve connecting TSO or the designated TSO considers that the application is incomplete, the potential RR provider shall submit the additional required information within 4 weeks from the receipt of the request for additional information. Where the potential RR provider does not supply the requested information within that deadline, the application shall be deemed withdrawn.
4.Within 3 months from confirmation of the completeness of the application, the reserve connecting TSO or the designated TSO shall evaluate the information provided and decide whether the potential RR providing units or RR providing groups meet the criteria for a RR prequalification. The reserve connecting TSO or the designated TSO shall notify its decision to the potential RR provider.
5.The qualification of RR providing units or RR providing groups shall be reassessed:
(a)at least once every 5 years; and
(b)where the technical or availability requirements or the equipment have changed.
6.To ensure operational security, the reserve connecting TSO shall have the right to reject the provision of RR by RR providing groups, based on technical arguments such as the geographical distribution of the power generating modules or demand units establishing a RR providing group.
1.All TSOs involved in the exchange of FCR within a synchronous area shall comply with the requirements set out in paragraphs 2 to 9. The exchange of FCR implies a transfer of a FCR obligation from the reserve receiving TSO to the reserve connecting TSO for the corresponding reserve capacity on FCR.
2.All TSOs involved in the exchange of FCR within a synchronous area shall respect the limits and requirements for the exchange of FCR within the synchronous area specified in the Table of Annex VI.
3.In case of exchange of FCR, the reserve connecting TSO and reserve receiving TSO shall notify it in accordance with Article 150.
4.Any reserve connecting TSO, reserve receiving TSO or affected TSO involved in the exchange of FCR may refuse the exchange of FCR where it would result in power flows that violate the operational security limits when activating the reserve capacity on FCR subject to the exchange of FCR.
5.Each affected TSO shall verify that its reliability margin, established in accordance with Article 22 of Regulation (EU) 2015/1222, is sufficient to accommodate the power flows resulting from the activation of the reserve capacity on FCR subject to the exchange of FCR.
6.All TSOs of a LFC area shall adjust the parameters of their FRCE calculation to account for the exchange of FCR.
7.The reserve connecting TSO shall be responsible for the requirements referred to in Articles 154 and 156 as regards the reserve capacity on FCR subject to the exchange of FCR.
8.The FCR providing unit or group shall be responsible towards its reserve connecting TSO for FCR activation.
9.The concerned TSOs shall ensure that exchange of FCR does not prevent any TSO from fulfilling the reserve requirements in Article 156.
A TSO shall not share FCR with other TSOs of its synchronous area to fulfil its FCR obligation and to reduce the total amount of FCR of the synchronous area in accordance with Article 153.
1.All TSOs of a synchronous area shall define in the synchronous area operational agreement the roles and responsibilities of the reserve connecting TSO, the reserve receiving TSO and the affected TSO for the exchange of FRR and/or RR.
2.Where an exchange of FRR/RR takes place, the reserve connecting TSO and reserve receiving TSO shall notify that exchange pursuant to the notification requirements in Article 150.
3.The reserve connecting and reserve receiving TSOs participating in the exchange of FRR/RR shall specify in a FRR or RR exchange agreement their roles and responsibilities, including:
(a)the responsibility of the reserve instructing TSO for the reserve capacity on FRR and RR subject to the exchange of FRR/RR;
(b)the amount of the reserve capacity on FRR and RR subject to the exchange of FRR/RR;
(c)the implementation of the cross-border FRR/RR activation process in accordance with Articles 147 and 148;
(d)FRR/RR technical minimum requirements related to the cross-border FRR/RR activation process where the reserve connecting TSO is not the reserve instructing TSO;
(e)the implementation of the FRR/RR prequalification for the reserve capacity on FRR and RR subject to exchange in accordance with Articles 159 and 162;
(f)the responsibility to monitor the fulfilment of the FRR/RR technical requirements and FRR/RR availability requirements for the reserve capacity on FRR and RR subject to exchange in accordance with Articles 158(5) and 161(5); and
(g)procedures to ensure that the exchange of FRR/RR does not lead to power flows which violate the operational security limits.
4.Any reserve connecting TSO, reserve receiving TSO or affected TSO involved in the exchange of FRR or RR may refuse the exchange referred to in paragraph 2 where it would result in power flows that violate the operational security limits when activating the reserve capacity on FRR and RR subject to the exchange of FRR or RR.
5.The concerned TSOs shall ensure that exchange of FRR/RR does not prevent any TSO from complying with the reserve requirements established in the FRR or RR dimensioning rules in Articles 157 and 160.
6.All TSOs of a LFC block shall specify in the LFC block operational agreement the roles and responsibilities of the reserve connecting TSO, the reserve receiving TSO and the affected TSO for the exchange of FRR and/or RR with TSOs of other LFC blocks.
1.All TSOs of a synchronous area shall specify in the synchronous area operational agreement the roles and responsibilities of the control capability providing TSO, the control capability receiving TSO and the affected TSO for sharing FRR/RR.
2.Where FRR/RR sharing takes place, the control capability providing TSO and control capability receiving TSO shall notify that sharing pursuant to the notification requirements in Article 150.
3.The control capability receiving TSO and the control capability providing TSO participating in the sharing of FRR/RR shall specify in a FRR or RR sharing agreement their roles and responsibilities, including:
(a)the amount of reserve capacity on FRR and RR subject to the sharing of FRR/RR;
(b)the implementation of the cross-border FRR/RR activation process in accordance with Articles 147 and 148;
(c)procedures to ensure that the activation of the reserve capacity on FRR and RR subject to the sharing of FRR/RR does not lead to power flows that violate the operational security limits.
4.Any control capability providing TSO, control capability receiving TSO or affected TSO involved in the sharing of FRR/RR may refuse sharing of FRR/RR where it would result in power flows that violate the operational security limits when activating the reserve capacity on FRR and RR subject to the sharing of FRR/RR.
5.In case of sharing of FRR/RR, the control capability providing TSO shall make available to the control capability receiving TSO a share of its own reserve capacity on FRR and RR required to comply with its reserve requirements for FRR and/or RR resulting from the FRR/RR dimensioning rules in Articles 157 and 160. The control capability providing TSO can be either:
(a)the reserve instructing TSO for the reserve capacity on FRR and RR subject to the sharing of FRR/RR; or
(b)the TSO having access to its reserve capacity on FRR and RR subject to the sharing of FRR/RR through an implemented cross-border FRR/RR activation process as part of an FRR/RR exchange agreement.
6.Each control capability receiving TSO shall be responsible for coping with incidents and imbalances in case the reserve capacity on FRR and RR subject to the sharing of FRR/RR are unavailable due to:
(a)restrictions to provide frequency restoration or adjust the control program related to operational security; and
(b)partial or full usage of the reserve capacity on FRR and RR by the control capability providing TSO.
7.All TSOs of a LFC block shall specify in the LFC block operational agreement their roles and responsibilities of the control capability providing TSO, the control capability receiving TSO and the affected TSO for the sharing of FRR and RR with TSOs of other LFC blocks.
All TSOs in a synchronous area consisting of more than one LFC block involved in the exchange of FRR within the synchronous area shall comply with the requirements and limits for the exchange of FRR set out in the Table of Annex VII.
Each TSO of a LFC block shall have the right to share FRR with other LFC blocks of its synchronous area within the limits set by the FRR dimensioning rules in Article 157(1) and in accordance with Article 166.
All TSOs in a synchronous area consisting of more than one LFC block involved in the exchange of RR within the synchronous area shall comply with the requirements and limits for the exchange of RR set out in the Table of Annex VIII.
Each TSO of a LFC block shall have the right to share RR with other LFC blocks of the same synchronous area within the limits set by the RR dimensioning rules in Article 160(4) and (5) and in accordance with Article 166.
1.Each operator and/or owner of an HVDC interconnector which interconnects synchronous areas shall provide to the connecting TSOs the capability to perform the exchange and sharing of FCR, FRR and RR if this technology is installed.
2.All TSOs of the synchronous area shall specify in the synchronous area operational agreement the roles and the responsibilities of the reserve connecting TSO, the reserve receiving TSO and the affected TSO for the exchange of reserves as well as for the control capability providing TSO, control capability receiving TSO and affected TSO for the sharing of reserves between synchronous areas.
3.The reserve connecting TSO and reserve receiving TSO or the control capability providing TSO and the control capability receiving TSO shall notify the exchange or sharing of FCR, FRR or RR in accordance with Article 150.
4.The reserve connecting TSO and reserve receiving TSO involved in the exchange of reserves shall specify, in an exchange agreement, their roles and responsibilities, including:
(a)the responsibility of the reserve instructing TSO for the reserve capacity of the reserve exchange;
(b)the amount of the reserve capacity subject to the exchange of reserves;
(c)the implementation of the cross-border FRR/RR activation process in accordance with Articles 147 and 148;
(d)the implementation of the prequalification for the reserve capacity subject to the exchange of reserves in accordance with Articles 155, 159 and 162;
(e)the responsibility to monitor compliance with the technical requirements and availability requirements of the reserve capacity subject to the exchange of reserves pursuant to Articles 158(5) and 161(5); and
(f)procedures to ensure that the exchange of reserves does not lead to power flows that violate the operational security limits.
5.The control capability providing and control capability receiving TSO involved in the sharing of reserves shall specify their roles and responsibilities in a sharing agreement, including:
(a)the amount of reserve capacity subject to the sharing of reserves;
(b)the implementation of the cross-border FRR/RR activation process in accordance with Articles 147 and 148; and
(c)the procedures to ensure that the sharing of reserves does not lead to power flows that violate the operational security limits.
6.The reserve connecting TSO and reserve receiving TSO involved in the exchange of reserves, or the control capability providing and control capability receiving TSO involved in the sharing of reserves shall develop and adopt an HVDC operating and coordination agreement with the HVDC interconnector owners and/or HVDC interconnector operators or with legal entities comprising HVDC interconnector owners and/or HVDC interconnector operators, including:
(a)the interactions across all timescales, including planning and activation;
(b)the MW/Hz sensitivity factor, linearity/dynamic or static/step response function of each HVDC interconnector connecting synchronous areas; and
(c)the share/interaction of these functions across multiple HVDC paths between the synchronous areas.
7.Any reserve connecting TSO, reserve receiving TSO, control capability providing TSO, control capability receiving TSO or affected TSO involved in the exchange or sharing of reserves may refuse the exchange or sharing of reserve where it would result in power flows that violate the operational security limits when activating the reserve capacity subject to the exchange or sharing of reserve.
8.The involved TSOs shall ensure that exchange of reserves between synchronous areas does not prevent any TSO from complying with the reserve requirements in Articles 153, 157 and 160.
9.The reserve connecting TSO and reserve receiving TSO and the control capability providing and control capability receiving TSO shall specify procedures in an exchange agreement or sharing agreement for cases when the exchange or the sharing of reserves between synchronous areas cannot be executed in real-time.
1.All TSOs of the synchronous areas connected via an HVDC interconnector shall have the right to implement a frequency coupling process to provide linked frequency response. The frequency coupling process may be used by TSOs to enable FCR exchange and/or sharing between synchronous areas.
2.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall specify the technical design of the frequency coupling process in the synchronous area operational agreement. The frequency coupling process shall take into account:
(a)the operational impact between the synchronous areas;
(b)the stability of the FCP of the synchronous area;
(c)the ability of the TSOs of the synchronous area to comply with the frequency quality target parameters defined in accordance with Article 127; and
(d)the operational security.
3.Each HVDC interconnector operator shall control the active power flow over the HVDC interconnector in accordance with the implemented frequency coupling process.
1.All TSOs of a synchronous area involved in a frequency coupling process shall have the right to use the FCR exchange process to exchange FCR between synchronous areas.
2.All TSOs of synchronous areas involved in the exchange of FCR between synchronous areas shall organise that exchange so that the TSOs of one synchronous area receive from another synchronous area a share of the total reserve capacity on FCR required for their synchronous area pursuant to Article 153.
3.The share of the total reserve capacity on FCR required for synchronous area where it is exchanged shall be provided in the second synchronous area in addition to the total reserve capacity on FCR required for that second synchronous area in accordance with Article 153.
4.All TSOs of the synchronous area shall specify in the synchronous area operational agreement the limits for FCR exchange.
5.All TSOs of the involved synchronous areas shall develop an FCR exchange agreement whereby they specify conditions for the exchange of FCR.
1.All TSOs of a synchronous area involved in a frequency coupling process shall have the right to use that process to share FCR between the synchronous areas.
2.All TSOs of the synchronous area shall specify the limits for FCR sharing in the synchronous area operational agreement, in accordance with the following criteria:
(a)for the CE and Nordic synchronous area, all TSOs shall ensure that the sum of FCR provided within the synchronous area and from other synchronous areas as part of exchange of FCR covers at least the reference incident;
(b)for the GB and IE/NI synchronous areas, all TSOs shall specify a methodology to determine the minimum provision of reserve capacity on FCR in the synchronous area.
3.All TSOs of the involved synchronous areas shall specify the conditions for sharing FCR between the involved synchronous areas in their respective synchronous area operational agreements.
1.In case of sharing of FRR or RR, the control capability providing TSO shall make available to the control capability receiving TSO a share of its own reserve capacity on FRR and RR required to comply with the reserve requirements for FRR and/or RR resulting from the FRR/RR dimensioning rules referred to in Articles 157 and 160. The control capability providing TSO can be either:
(a)the reserve instructing TSO for the reserve capacity on FRR and RR subject to the sharing of FRR or RR; or
(b)the TSO having access to its reserve capacity on FRR and RR subject to the sharing of FRR/RR through an implemented cross-border FRR/RR activation process as part of a FRR/RR exchange agreement.
2.All TSOs of an LFC block shall specify in the LFC block operational agreement their roles and responsibilities of the control capability providing TSO, the control capability receiving TSO and the affected TSO for the sharing of FRR and RR with TSOs of other LFC blocks in other synchronous areas.
1.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall specify in the synchronous area operational agreement a method to determine the limits for the exchange of FRR with other synchronous areas. That method shall take into account:
(a)the operational impact between the synchronous areas;
(b)the stability of the FRP of the synchronous area;
(c)the ability of TSOs of the synchronous area to comply with the frequency quality target parameters defined in accordance with Article 127 and the FRCE target parameters defined in accordance with Article 128; and
(d)the operational security.
2.All TSOs of the LFC blocks involved in the exchange of FRR between synchronous areas shall organise that exchange so that the TSOs of a LFC block in the first synchronous area may receive a share of the total reserve capacity on FRR required for their LFC block as determined in accordance with the Article 157(1) from a LFC block in the second synchronous area.
3.The share of the total reserve capacity on FRR required for the LFC block in the synchronous area where it is exchanged shall be provided from the LFC block in the second synchronous area in addition to the total reserve capacity on FRR required for that second LFC block in accordance with Article 157(1).
4.Each operator of a HVDC interconnector shall control the active power flow over the HVDC interconnector following the instructions provided by either the reserve connecting TSO or reserve receiving TSO in accordance with the FRR technical minimum requirements referred to in Article 158.
5.All TSOs of the LFC blocks to which the reserve connecting TSO and the reserve receiving TSO belong shall specify the conditions for exchange of FRR in an FRR exchange agreement.
1.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall specify in the synchronous area operational agreement a methodology to determine limits for the sharing of FRR with other synchronous areas. That methodology shall take into account:
(a)the operational impact between the synchronous areas;
(b)the stability of the FRP of the synchronous area;
(c)the maximum reduction of FRR that can be taken into account in the FRR dimensioning in accordance with Article 157 as a result of the FRR sharing;
(d)the ability of the synchronous area to comply with the frequency quality target parameters defined in accordance with Article 127 and the FRCE target parameters defined in accordance with Article 128; and
(e)the operational security.
2.All TSOs of the LFC blocks involved in the sharing of FRR between synchronous areas shall organise that sharing so that the TSOs of a LFC block in the first synchronous area may receive a share of the total reserve capacity on FRR required for their LFC block as defined in accordance with the Article 157(1) from a LFC block in the second synchronous area.
3.Each operator of a HVDC interconnector shall control the active power flow over the HVDC interconnector following the instructions provided by either the control capability providing TSO or control capability receiving TSO in accordance with the FRR technical minimum requirements in Article 158(1).
4.All TSOs of the LFC blocks to which the control capability providing TSO and the control capability receiving TSOs belong shall specify the conditions for sharing FRR in an FRR sharing agreement.
1.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall define in the synchronous area operational agreement a method to determine limits for the exchange of RR with other synchronous areas. That method shall take into account:
(a)the operational impact between the synchronous areas;
(b)the stability of the RRP of the synchronous area;
(c)the ability of the synchronous area to comply with the frequency quality target parameters defined in accordance with Article 127 and the FRCE target parameters defined in accordance with Article 128; and
(d)the operational security.
2.All TSOs of the LFC blocks involved in the exchange of RR between synchronous areas shall organise that exchange so that the TSOs of a LFC block in the first synchronous area may receive a share of the total reserve capacity on RR required for their LFC block as defined in Article 160(2) from a LFC block in the second synchronous area.
3.The share of the total reserve capacity on RR required for the LFC block in the synchronous area where it is exchanged shall be provided from the LFC block in the second synchronous area in addition to the total reserve capacity on RR required for that second LFC block in accordance with Article 160(2).
4.Each operator of a HVDC interconnector shall control the active power flow over the HVDC interconnector following the instructions provided by either the reserve connecting TSO or the reserve receiving TSO in accordance with the RR technical minimum requirements in Article 161.
5.All TSOs of the LFC blocks to which the reserve connecting TSO and the reserve receiving TSO belong shall specify the conditions for the exchange of RR in an RR exchange agreement.
1.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall define in the synchronous area operational agreement a method for determining the limits for sharing of RR with other synchronous areas. That method shall take into account:
(a)the operational impact between the synchronous areas;
(b)the stability of the RRP of the synchronous area;
(c)the maximum reduction of RR that can be taken into account in the RR dimensioning rules in accordance with Article 160 as a result of the RR sharing;
(d)the ability of the TSOs of the synchronous area to comply with the frequency quality target parameters defined in accordance with Article 127 and the ability of the LFC blocks to comply with the FRCE error target parameters defined in accordance with Article 128; and
(e)the operational security.
2.All TSOs of the LFC blocks involved in the sharing of RR between synchronous areas shall organise that sharing so that the TSOs of an LFC block in the first synchronous area may receive a share of the total reserve capacity on RR required for their LFC block as defined in accordance with Article 160(2) from a LFC block in the second synchronous area.
3.Each operator of an HVDC interconnector shall control the active power flow over the HVDC interconnector following the instructions provided by either the control capability providing TSO or the control capability receiving TSO in accordance with the RR technical minimum requirements in Article 161.
4.All TSOs of each LFC block to which the reserve control capability providing TSO and reserve control capability receiving TSO belong to, shall specify the conditions for the sharing of RR in an RR sharing agreement.
All TSOs involved in the cross-border activation of FRR and RR in the same or different synchronous areas shall comply with the requirements set out in Articles 147 and 148.
1.The control target of the electrical time control process shall be to control the average value of the system frequency to the nominal frequency.
2.Where applicable, all TSOs of a synchronous area shall define in the synchronous area operational agreement the methodology to correct the electrical time deviation, which shall include:
(a)the time ranges within which TSOs shall endeavour to maintain the electrical time deviation;
(b)the frequency setpoint adjustments to return electrical time deviation to zero; and
(c)the actions to increase or decrease the average system frequency by means of active power reserves.
3.The synchronous area monitor shall:
(a)monitor the electrical time deviation;
(b)calculate the frequency setpoint adjustments; and
(c)coordinate the actions of the time control process.
1.TSOs and DSOs shall cooperate in order to facilitate and enable the delivery of active power reserves by reserve providing groups or reserve providing units located in the distribution systems.
2.For the purposes of the prequalification processes for FCR in Article 155, FRR in Article 159 and RR in Article 162, each TSO shall develop and specify, in an agreement with its reserve connecting DSOs and intermediate DSOs, the terms of the exchange of information required for these prequalification processes for reserve providing units or groups located in the distribution systems and for the delivery of active power reserves. The prequalification processes for FCR in Article 155, FRR in Article 159 and RR in Article 162 shall specify the information to be provided by the potential reserve providing units or groups, which shall include:
(a)voltage levels and connection points of the reserve providing units or groups;
(b)the type of active power reserves;
(c)the maximum reserve capacity provided by the reserve providing units or groups at each connection point; and
(d)the maximum rate of change of active power for the reserve providing units or groups.
3.The prequalification process shall rely on the agreed timeline and rules concerning information exchanges and the delivery of active power reserves between the TSO, the reserve connecting DSO and the intermediate DSOs. The prequalification process shall have a maximum duration of 3 months from the submission of a complete formal application by the reserve providing unit or group.
4.During the prequalification of a reserve providing unit or group connected to its distribution system, each reserve connecting DSO and each intermediate DSO, in cooperation with the TSO, shall have the right to set limits to or exclude the delivery of active power reserves located in its distribution system, based on technical reasons such as the geographical location of the reserve providing units and reserve providing groups.
5.Each reserve connecting DSO and each intermediate DSO shall have the right, in cooperation with the TSO, to set, before the activation of reserves, temporary limits to the delivery of active power reserves located in its distribution system. The respective TSOs shall agree with their reserve connecting DSOs and intermediate DSOs on the applicable procedures.
1.All TSOs shall ensure that the information listed in this Title is published at a time and in a format that does not create an actual or potential competitive advantage or disadvantage to any individual party or category of party and taking due account of sensitive commercial information.
2.Each TSO shall use available knowledge and tools to overcome technical limits and to ensure the availability and the accuracy of the information made available to ENTSO for Electricity in accordance with Article 16 and Article 185(3).
3.Each TSO shall ensure the availability and the accuracy of the information made available to ENTSO for Electricity in accordance with Articles 184 to 190.
4.All material for publication mentioned in Articles 184 to 190 shall be made available to ENTSO for Electricity at least in English. ENTSO for Electricity shall publish this material on the information transparency platform established in accordance with Article 3 of Regulation (EU) No 543/2013.
1.Each TSO shall share the contents of its synchronous area operational agreement with its regulatory authority or, where applicable, with another competent authority no later than 1 month before its entry into force.
2.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall notify the contents of their synchronous area operational agreement to ENTSO for Electricity for publication no later than 1 week after its entry into force.
3.Each TSO of each LFC block shall share the contents of its LFC block operational agreement with its regulatory authority or, where applicable, with another competent authority.
1.Where the TSOs of a synchronous area propose to modify the values for the frequency quality defining parameters or the frequency quality target parameter in accordance with Article 127, they shall notify the modified values to ENTSO for Electricity for publication at least 1 month before the entry into force of the synchronous area operational agreement.
2.Where applicable, all TSOs of each synchronous area shall notify the values of the FRCE target parameters for each LFC block and each LFC area to ENTSO for Electricity for publication at least 1 month before their applicability.
3.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall notify the methodology used to determine the risk of exhaustion of FCR to ENTSO for Electricity for publication at least 3 months before the application of the synchronous area operational agreement.
4.The synchronous area monitor of each synchronous area shall notify the results of the criteria application process for their synchronous area to ENTSO for Electricity for publication within 3 months after the last time-stamp of the measurement period and at least four times a year. Those results shall include at least:
(a)the values of the frequency quality evaluation criteria calculated for the synchronous area and for each LFC block within the synchronous area in accordance with Article 133(3); and
(b)the measurement resolution, measurement accuracy and calculation method specified in accordance with Article 132;
5.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall notify the ramping period specified in accordance with Article 136 to ENTSO for Electricity for publication at least 3 months before their applicability.
1.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall notify the following information to ENTSO for Electricity for publication at least 3 months before the application of the synchronous area operational agreement:
(a)information on the process activation structure of the synchronous area, including at least information on the monitoring areas, LFC areas and LFC blocks defined and their respective TSOs; and
(b)information on the process responsibility structure of the synchronous area, including at least information on the processes developed in accordance with Article 140(1) and (2).
2.All TSOs implementing an imbalance netting process shall publish information regarding that process which shall include at least the list of participating TSOs and the starting date of the imbalance netting process.
1.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall notify the dimensioning approach for FCR for their synchronous area in accordance with Article 153(2) to ENTSO for Electricity for publication at least 1 month before its applicability.
2.Where applicable, all TSOs of each synchronous area shall notify the total amount of reserve capacity on FCR and the shares of reserve capacity on FCR required for each TSO specified in accordance with Article 153(1) as the initial FCR obligation to ENTSO for Electricity for publication at least 1 month before their applicability.
3.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall notify the FCR properties established for their synchronous area in accordance with Article 154(2) and the additional requirements for FCR providing groups in accordance with Article 154(3) to ENTSO for Electricity for publication at least 3 months before their applicability.
1.All TSOs of each LFC block shall notify the FRR availability requirements and requirements for the control quality specified in accordance with Article 158(2) and the technical requirements for the connection specified in accordance with Article 158(3) for their LFC block to ENTSO for Electricity for publication at least 3 months before their applicability.
2.All TSOs of each LFC block shall notify the FRR dimensioning rules specified for their LFC block in accordance with Article 157(1) to ENTSO for Electricity for publication at least 3 months before the applicability of the LFC block operational agreement.
3.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall notify, by 30 November of each year, an outlook of the reserve capacities on FRR of each LFC block for the next year to ENTSO for Electricity for publication.
4.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall notify, within 30 days after the end of the quarter, the actual reserve capacities on FRR of each LFC block of the past quarter to ENTSO for Electricity for publication.
1.All TSOs of each LFC block that operates a reserve replacement process shall notify the RR availability requirements specified in accordance with Article 161(2) and the technical requirements for the connection specified in accordance with Article 161(3) for their LFC block available to ENTSO for Electricity for publication within 3 months before their applicability.
2.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall notify, by 30 November of each year, an outlook of the reserve capacities RR of each LFC block for the following year to ENTSO for Electricity for publication.
3.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall notify, within 30 days after the end of the quarter, the actual reserve capacities RR of each LFC block of the past quarter to ENTSO for Electricity for publication.
1.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall notify the annual compilations of the agreements for the sharing of FRR and for the sharing of RR for each LFC block within the synchronous area to ENTSO for Electricity for publication in accordance with Articles 188(3) and 189(2). Those compilations shall include the following information:
(a)the identity of the LFC blocks where there is an agreement for the sharing of FRR or RR; and
(b)the share of FRR and RR reduced due to each agreement for the sharing of FRR or RR.
2.All TSOs of each synchronous area shall notify the information on the sharing of FCR between synchronous areas to ENTSO for Electricity for publication in accordance with Article 187(1). That information shall include the following:
(a)the amount of shared reserve capacity on FCR between TSOs that entered into agreements for the sharing of FCR; and
(b)the effects of the sharing of FCR on the reserve capacity on FCR of the involved TSOs.
3.Where applicable, all TSOs shall publish the information on the exchange of FCR, FRR and RR.